CN111025013A - PTC type electric heating non-invasive identification method based on power harmonic characteristics - Google Patents

PTC type electric heating non-invasive identification method based on power harmonic characteristics Download PDF

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CN111025013A
CN111025013A CN201911210094.4A CN201911210094A CN111025013A CN 111025013 A CN111025013 A CN 111025013A CN 201911210094 A CN201911210094 A CN 201911210094A CN 111025013 A CN111025013 A CN 111025013A
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power
mutation
electric heating
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邓士伟
苗青
何朝伟
洪佳燕
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Jiangsu Zhizhen Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/06—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by measuring current and voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
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Abstract

The invention discloses a PTC type electric heating non-invasive identification method based on power harmonic characteristics1The ratio k of the maximum mutation power to the time required for mutation2Maximum start ramp power to post ramp steady state operating power ratio k3The ratio of the increment of the third harmonic to the time required for the mutation k4And judging whether the user starts the PTC type electric heating or not according to the four ratios. The method provides a basis for calculating the power consumed by the PTC type electric heating, perfects and develops a non-invasive load monitoring decomposition technology, is beneficial to users to know the self electric energy consumption composition, reduces the electric energy consumption to the maximum extent, reduces the electric charge expense, and can make corresponding auxiliary judgment on the fault diagnosis.

Description

Power harmonic characteristic-based PTC type electric heating non-intrusive identification method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a PTC type electric heating non-invasive identification method based on power harmonic characteristics, belonging to the energy-saving and environment-friendly electricity utilization technology.
Background
At present, the proportion of domestic electricity of residents in China accounts for 12 percent of the total demand, while the proportion of domestic electricity in the United states accounts for 36 percent. With the development of social economy and the improvement of the living standard of people, the electricity consumption of residents still has a very large increase space. Meanwhile, the acquisition of the daily load curve of the family is beneficial to promoting the development of the smart grid and the demand response. Therefore, it becomes an urgent need to establish an intelligent power utilization system capable of realizing household power utilization visualization of residents, which is helpful for users to know the power consumption condition of each electrical equipment at different time intervals, make a reasonable energy-saving plan, selectively purchase energy-saving equipment in a targeted manner, and check the energy-saving effect, thereby reducing energy consumption and electricity charge expenditure. The visualization of the power utilization is also considered as one of effective means for stabilizing the power utilization at the peak, and can prompt a user to select the power utilization at the off-peak power price time such as night and the like, so that the goal of peak clipping and valley filling is achieved, and the power investment benefit can be effectively improved.
At present, the residential power load monitoring and decomposing technologies are mainly divided into two categories, i.e., Intrusive Load Monitoring and Decomposing (ILMD) and Non-Intrusive load monitoring and decomposing (NILMD):
(1) intrusive load monitoring decomposition technique (ILMD): the intrusive load monitoring is characterized in that a sensor with a digital communication function is arranged at an interface of each electric appliance and a power grid, so that the running state and the power consumption of each load can be accurately monitored. However, the installation of a large number of monitoring sensors causes high construction and maintenance costs, and most importantly, the intrusive load monitoring needs to enter residents for installation and debugging, which easily causes the psychological resistance of users.
(2) Non-invasive load monitoring decomposition technique (NILMD): only one sensor is installed at a user entrance, and the electricity consumption power and the working state of each or every type of electric appliances in the house (for example, an air conditioner has different working states of refrigeration, heating, standby and the like) are judged by collecting and analyzing information such as total entrance current, voltage and the like, so that the electricity consumption law of residents is obtained. Compared with the intrusive load decomposition, the construction cost and the later maintenance difficulty of the non-intrusive load decomposition scheme are greatly reduced as only one monitoring sensor needs to be installed; in addition, the sensor mounting position can be selected at the user electric meter box, and the construction can be carried out without invading the residential building. The NILMD replaces a sensor network of an ILMD system with a decomposition algorithm, has the advantages of simplicity, economy, reliability, complete data, easiness in rapid popularization and application and the like, is expected to be developed into a new generation core technology in an advanced metering system (AMI) (after the NILMD algorithm is mature, the NILMD algorithm can be fused into a chip of an intelligent electric meter), supports advanced functions of intelligent electricity utilization such as demand side management and electric power customization and is also suitable for temporary load electricity utilization detail monitoring and investigation.
The operating principle of the PTC type electric heating is intermittent operation, that is, the electric heating furnace is in a heating state when the temperature of the supplied water is less than the upper limit temperature, and the electric heating furnace is in a shutdown heat preservation state when the temperature of the supplied water reaches the upper limit temperature. In the coolest days of the heating period, the value provided by the electric heating furnace just meets or is smaller than the heat load required by a room, the upper limit temperature value of the electric heating furnace is set too high, the actual water supply temperature of the electric heating furnace is difficult to reach the upper limit temperature, so the electric heating furnace is in a heating state for 24 hours, the electric heating furnace adopts internationally advanced heating materials, and the electric heating furnace has the advantages of no pollution, constant-temperature heating, self-regulation of power, no noise, high heating speed and the like, the heat efficiency reaches more than 98 percent, and the service life reaches more than 3 ten thousand hours. The high-efficiency PTC water-electricity separation electric heater is used, the heating is uniform, the baffle plate is arranged, and no temperature dead angle exists. The traditional backward process of directly supplying and heating water by electric heating is abandoned, PTC semiconductor ceramic plates are scientifically adopted as heating elements, and the semiconductor hole principle is utilized to realize electron oxygen vacancy, so that electrons are promoted to generate magnetic collision under the condition of a strong magnetic field, and electric energy is combined and converted into heat energy in a planar form on molecular bonds of a working medium. The power of the general PTC type electric heating is more than 1800W. Research shows that a section of rapid power mutation exists when the PTC type electric heating is started, then the power slowly decreases and tends to a stable operation state after the power is slowly increased for 4-5 s, wherein the PTC type electric heating meets the conditions that the ratio k _1 of the starting mutation power to the time required in a mutation range is 6000-6500, the ratio k _2 of the maximum starting mutation power to the time required for mutation is 500-700, the ratio k _3 of the maximum starting mutation power to the steady-state operation power is 1.2-2, and the ratio k _4 of the increment of the third harmonic to the time required for mutation is 0.7-1.
In conclusion, the NILMD technology has gradually become a research hotspot, and breakthrough and industrialization of related technologies have important significance for energy conservation and emission reduction of the whole society. At present, research of the NILMD technology still stays at a theoretical research stage, and no document provides a criterion method for accurately, effectively and quickly identifying PTC type electric heating, and a method for judging whether PTC type electric heating is started or not according to real-time average power of PTC type electric heating and a time domain rule of third harmonic current. The operating state of the PTC type electric heating starting is identified, a basis can be provided for calculating the consumption power of the PTC type electric heating, a user can know the self electric energy consumption composition, and the electric energy consumption is reduced to the maximum extent. The method is beneficial to the electric power company to accurately know the power load composition of the user, and provides more accurate basic data for demand side management, load prediction and system planning.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a PTC type electric heating non-invasive identification method based on power harmonic wave characteristics, which has the following specific technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a voltage collector and a current collector are used for respectively sampling voltage and current of a power supply inlet wire to obtain a voltage sampling sequence and a current sampling sequence;
step two, scanning the voltage signal u and the current signal i, calculating the average power P of the wire inlet end,
calculating ki，ki∈(k1,k2,k3...kn) And determine kiWhether it belongs to a set interval ai，ai∈(a1,a2,a3...an) If yes, judging that the PTC type electric heating can be started, and returning to the step three when i is equal to i +1 and i is less than or equal to n>n, entering the step four; if not, judging that the PTC type electric heating is not started, and stopping calculation;
step four, if knBelongs to the interval anAnd judging that the PTC type electric heating is started.
Further, the ratio sequences { Ki } are respectively: ratio k of power for initiating mutation and time required for mutation1The ratio k of the maximum mutation power to the time required for mutation2Maximum onset ramp power and post-ramp steady stateRatio of operating power k3The ratio of the increment of the third harmonic to the time required for the mutation k4。
Further, the judgment section ai∈(a1,a2,a3...an) In the order of a1＝(6000，650)，a2＝(500，700)，a3＝(1.2，2)，a4＝(0.2，0.7)。
Further, in the above-mentioned case,
the ratio k of the power for initiating mutation to the time required for mutation1The calculation of (a) includes:
scanning an active power sequence P, analyzing and extracting a starting mutation power delta P1And the time DeltaT required before and after the mutation period1Calculating the ratio between the two
Figure BDA0002297889400000033
Wherein Δ P1＝P2-P1，ΔT1＝T2-T1In the formula P2For the power after mutation, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, T1，T2The time corresponding to the time before and after mutation;
the ratio k of the maximum mutation power to the time required for mutation2The calculation of (a) includes;
finding out the maximum sudden change power delta P according to the active power sequence2And the time Δ T required to reach the maximum mutation2Calculating the coefficients
Figure BDA0002297889400000031
Wherein Δ P2＝P3-P1，ΔT2＝T3-T1In the formula, P3To maximum post-mutation power, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, T1，T3The time corresponding to the maximum mutation is reached;
the ratio k of the maximum starting sudden change power to the steady-state operation power after sudden change3The calculation of (a) includes;
analyzing the active power sequence, and extracting the maximum starting mutation power delta P2And post-abrupt steady state operating power Δ P3Calculating power proportional coefficient
Figure BDA0002297889400000032
Wherein Δ P2＝P3-P1，ΔP3＝P4-P1，P3To maximum post-mutation power, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, P4Is the steady state power after mutation;
the increment of the third harmonic wave and the time ratio k required for sudden change4The calculation of (a) includes;
finding out the steady state third harmonic current I before and after mutation according to the third harmonic current sequence I1，I2And calculating the difference Δ I, then Δ I ═ I2-I1. Calculating the time T corresponding to the steady-state third harmonic current before and after mutation4，T5Difference value Δ T of3Then Δ T3＝T5-T4(ii) a Calculating the ratio of the increment of the third harmonic to the time required for the mutation
Figure BDA0002297889400000041
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a PTC type electric heating non-invasive identification method based on power harmonic wave characteristics, which can accurately, effectively and quickly identify the starting operation of the PTC type electric heating according to the ratio of the starting sudden change power to the time required by sudden change, the ratio of the maximum starting sudden change power to the steady state operation power, and the ratio of the increment of the third harmonic wave to the time required by sudden change, and provides a basis for calculating the power consumed by the PTC type electric heating, perfects and develops a non-invasive load monitoring and decomposing technology, is beneficial to users to know the self electric energy consumption constitution, reduces the electric energy consumption to the maximum extent, reduces the electric charge expenditure, and can make corresponding auxiliary judgment on the fault diagnosis.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general flowchart of a PTC type electric heating non-intrusive identification method based on power harmonic characteristics according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is the starting and operating characteristics of active power when the loose PTC type electric heating of the present invention is operated;
fig. 3 shows the starting and operating characteristics of the third harmonic current in the operation of the loose PTC type electric heating system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be understood as illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalent modifications thereof which may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification.
As shown in fig. 1, a PTC type electric heating non-intrusive identification method based on power harmonic characteristics includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and acquiring voltage and current signals at the main incoming line of a user by using a voltage and current sensor, wherein the sampling frequency can be 100 Hz-1500 Hz, and 100Hz is selected here to form voltage and current sampling sequences u and i.
Step two: calculating a power sequence P of a wire inlet end according to the voltage signal sequence u and the current signal sequence i;
step three: calculating the ratio k of the power for initiating the mutation and the time required for the mutation1；
Scanning an active power sequence P, analyzing and extracting a starting mutation power delta P1And the time DeltaT required before and after the mutation period1Calculating the ratio between the two
Figure BDA0002297889400000042
The calculation formula is as follows:
ΔP1＝P2-P1(1)
ΔT1＝T2-T1(2)
in formulae (1) and (2), P2For the power after mutation, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, T1，T2The corresponding time before and after mutation.
If 6000 < k1＜6500, judging that the PTC electric heating is possibly started; otherwise, judging that the PTC electric heating is not started.
Step four: calculating the ratio k of the maximum mutation power to the mutation time2；
Finding out the maximum sudden change power delta P according to the active power sequence P2And the time Δ T required to reach the maximum mutation2Calculating the coefficients
Figure BDA0002297889400000051
The calculation formula is as follows:
ΔP2＝P3-P1(3)
ΔT2＝T3-T1(4)
in formulae (3) and (4), P3To maximum post-mutation power, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, T1，T3The time corresponding to the maximum mutation is reached;
if 500 < k2If the current time is less than 700, judging that the PTC electric heating is possibly started; otherwise, judging that the PTC electric heating is not started.
Step five: calculating the ratio k of the maximum starting sudden change power to the steady-state operation power after sudden change3；
Analyzing the active power sequence, and extracting the maximum starting mutation power delta P2And post-abrupt steady state operating power Δ P3Calculating power proportional coefficient
Figure BDA0002297889400000052
The calculation formula is as follows:
ΔP2＝P3-P1(5)
ΔP3＝P4-P1(6)
in formulae (5) and (6), P3To maximum post-mutation power, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, P4Is the steady state power after mutation;
if 1.2 < k3If the current time is less than 2, judging that the PTC electric heating is possibly started; otherwise, judging that the PTC electric heating is not started.
Step six: calculating the time ratio k required for the increment of the third harmonic to the mutation4。
According to the third harmonic current sequence I, the third harmonic current sequence is third harmonic current obtained by performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) on sampled current;
finding out steady-state third harmonic current I before and after mutation1，I2And calculating the difference Δ I, then Δ I ═ I2-I1. Calculating the time T corresponding to the steady-state third harmonic current before and after mutation4，T5Difference value Δ T of3Then Δ T3＝T5-T4. Calculating the ratio of the increment of the third harmonic to the time required for the mutation
Figure BDA0002297889400000061
If k is more than 0.74If the current time is less than 1, judging the PTC electric heating start.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a PTC type electric heating non-intrusive identification method based on power harmonic characteristics includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and acquiring voltage and current signals at the user main incoming line by using a voltage and current sensor, wherein the sampling frequency can be 100 Hz-1500 Hz, and forming voltage and current sampling sequences u and i.
Step two: scanning the voltage signal u and the current signal i, and calculating the average power P of the inlet wire end.
Step three: calculating the ratio k of the power for initiating the mutation and the time required for the mutation1；
Scanning an active power sequence P, analyzing and extracting a starting mutation power delta P1And the time DeltaT required before and after the mutation period1Calculating the ratio between the two
Figure BDA0002297889400000062
The calculation formula is as follows:
ΔP1＝P2-P1(1)
ΔT1＝T2-T1(2)
in formulae (1) and (2), P2Is a protrusionChanged power, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, T1，T2The corresponding time before and after mutation.
As can be seen from fig. 2: power P after sudden change when PTC type electric heating operates alone21298W, steady-state power P before mutation1At 34W, the power Δ P of the sudden start change is calculated1＝P2-P11298-34-1264W, time T before mutation19.4s, time T before mutation2At 9.6s, Δ T can be calculated1＝T2-T1(0.2 s) for 9.6-9.4, the ratio of the power to the time required to initiate the mutation
Figure BDA0002297889400000063
The value is in the range of 6000 to 6500.
Step four: calculating the ratio k of the maximum mutation power to the mutation time2；
Finding out the maximum sudden change power delta P according to the active power sequence2And the time Δ T required to reach the maximum mutation2Calculating the coefficients
Figure BDA0002297889400000064
The calculation formula is as follows:
ΔP2＝P3-P1(3)
ΔT2＝T3-T1(4)
in formulae (3) and (4), P3To maximum post-mutation power, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, T1，T3The time corresponding to the maximum mutation is reached;
from fig. 2, the maximum post-mutation power P can be seen32753W, corresponding to time T3At 14s, steady state power P before mutation134W, corresponding to a time T1At 9.4s, Δ P can be calculated2＝P3-P1＝2753-34＝2719W,ΔT2＝T3-T114-9.4-4.6 s, ratio of maximum mutation power to time required for mutation
Figure BDA0002297889400000071
The value is in the range of 500 to 700.
Step five: calculating the ratio k of the maximum starting sudden change power to the steady-state operation power after sudden change3；
Analyzing the active power sequence, and extracting the maximum starting mutation power delta P2And post-abrupt steady state operating power Δ P3Calculating power proportional coefficient
Figure BDA0002297889400000072
The calculation formula is as follows:
ΔP2＝P3-P1(5)
ΔP3＝P4-P1(6)
in formulae (5) and (6), P3To maximum post-mutation power, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, P4Is the steady state power after mutation;
from fig. 2, the maximum post-mutation power P can be seen32753W, steady state power P before mutation134W, steady state power P after mutation4At 1670W, Δ P may be calculated2＝P3-P1＝2753-34＝2719W，ΔP3＝P4-P11670-34-1636W, maximum starting sudden change power and steady-state operation power ratio after sudden change
Figure BDA0002297889400000073
The value is in the range of 1.2 to 2.
Step six: calculating the time ratio k required for the increment of the third harmonic to the mutation4。
As shown in FIG. 3, the steady-state third harmonic current I before and after mutation is found out from the third harmonic current sequence I1Is 0.02A, I2Is 0.8A, and the difference Δ I is calculated, then Δ I ═ I2-I10.78A. Calculating the time T corresponding to the steady-state third harmonic current before and after mutation4Is 9.5s, T511.9s, the difference DeltaT3Then Δ T3＝T5-T4＝2.4s。Calculating the ratio of the increment of the third harmonic to the time required for the mutation
Figure BDA0002297889400000074
In the range of 0.2 to 0.7.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (5)

1. A PTC type electric heating non-invasive identification method based on power harmonic characteristics comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a voltage collector and a current collector are used for respectively sampling voltage and current of a power supply inlet wire to obtain a voltage sampling sequence and a current sampling sequence;
step two, scanning the voltage signal u and the current signal i, calculating the average power P of the wire inlet end,
step three, calculating ki，ki∈(k1,k2,k3...kn) And determine kiWhether it belongs to a set interval ai，ai∈(a1,a2,a3...an) If yes, judging that the PTC type electric heating can be started, and enabling i to be i +1 andn is less than or equal to i and returns to the step three, i>n, entering the step four; if not, judging that the PTC type electric heating is not started, and stopping calculation;
step four, if knBelongs to the interval anAnd judging that the PTC type electric heating is started.
2. A power harmonic characteristic-based PTC type electric heating non-intrusive identification method as defined in claim 1, wherein: the ratio sequence ki∈(k1,k2,k3...kn) Respectively as follows: ratio k of power for initiating mutation and time required for mutation1The ratio k of the maximum mutation power to the time required for mutation2Maximum start ramp power to post ramp steady state operating power ratio k3The ratio of the increment of the third harmonic to the time required for the mutation k4。
3. A power harmonic characteristic-based PTC type electric heating non-intrusive identification method as defined in claim 1, wherein: the judgment section ai∈(a1,a2,a3...an) In the order of a1＝(6000，650)，a2＝(500，700)，a3＝(1.2，2)，a4＝(0.2，0.7)。
4. A power harmonic characteristic-based PTC type electric heating non-intrusive identification method as defined in claim 2, wherein:
the ratio k of the power for initiating mutation to the time required for mutation1The calculation of (a) includes:
Figure FDA0002297889390000011
wherein Δ P1＝P2-P1，ΔT1＝T2-T1，P2For the power after mutation, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, T1，T2The time corresponding to the time before and after mutation; the ratio k of the maximum mutation power to the time required for mutation2The calculation of (a) includes:
Figure FDA0002297889390000012
wherein Δ P2＝P3-P1，ΔT2＝T3-T1，P3To maximum post-mutation power, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, T1，T3The time corresponding to the maximum mutation is reached;
the ratio k of the maximum starting sudden change power to the steady-state operation power after sudden change3The calculation of (a) includes;
Figure FDA0002297889390000013
wherein Δ P2＝P3-P1，ΔP3＝P4-P1，P3To maximum post-mutation power, P1For steady-state power before sudden change, P4Is the steady state power after mutation;
increment of third harmonic and time ratio k required for mutation4The calculation of (a) includes;
Figure FDA0002297889390000021
ΔI＝I2-I1then Δ T3＝T5-T4Calculating the time T corresponding to the steady-state third harmonic current before and after mutation4，T5Difference value Δ T of3Then Δ T3＝T5-T4，I1，I2Respectively, before and after sudden change, the steady state third harmonic current, T4，T5Respectively corresponding to the steady-state third harmonic current before and after mutation.
5. A power harmonic characteristic-based PTC type electric heating non-intrusive identification method as defined in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the sampling frequency is 100 Hz-1500 Hz.
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WO2021109523A1 (en) * 2019-12-02 2021-06-10 江苏智臻能源科技有限公司 Non-intrusive ptc-type electric heating identification method based on power harmonic characteristics

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