CN111024731B - High-power microwave mixed mode diagnostor and diagnosis method - Google Patents

High-power microwave mixed mode diagnostor and diagnosis method Download PDF

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CN111024731B
CN111024731B CN201911251781.0A CN201911251781A CN111024731B CN 111024731 B CN111024731 B CN 111024731B CN 201911251781 A CN201911251781 A CN 201911251781A CN 111024731 B CN111024731 B CN 111024731B
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waveguide
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肖仁珍
桂猷猷
张余川
翁明
史彦超
王荟达
曹亦兵
孙钧
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Xian Jiaotong University
Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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Abstract

In order to solve the technical problems of complex structure and low measurement efficiency of the conventional high-power microwave mixed mode diagnotor, the invention provides a high-power microwave mixed mode diagnotor and a diagnosis method, which are suitable for a dual-mode mixed high-power microwave mixed mode. The invention arranges three coupling measurement units with specific distribution on the same longitudinal section of the main waveguide, measures the power output by the corresponding coupling measurement units, and further reversely deduces TM01And TM02The mode proportion and the relative phase in the output waveguide can be obtained through one-time measurement, and the measurement efficiency is high.

Description

High-power microwave mixed mode diagnostor and diagnosis method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-power microwaves, and particularly relates to a high-power microwave hybrid mode diagnostor and a diagnosis method.
Background
The high-power microwave has wide application prospect in civil use, and the improvement of the output microwave power is an important development direction of the high-power microwave technology. The adoption of the over-mode structure is an effective way for improving the output microwave power. When the over-mold structure is adopted, a mixed mode is easy to generate, and needs to be converted into a single mode to meet the application requirement. In order to achieve efficient mode conversion, it is necessary to determine the proportions and relative phases of the different modes in the output waveguide.
Foreign literature discloses a high-power microwave mixed mode diagnostor (A novel TM)0n mode content and relative phase analysis technique[J]Shengren Peng, Chenwei Yuan, Ting Shu, Xuelong Zhao, and Longzhou Yu, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol.26, No.9, pp.747-749, September 2016), as shown in FIG. 1. The mixed mode diagnosis device consists of a circular waveguide directional coupler 101, a length-adjustable straight waveguide 102, a coaxial waveguide directional coupler 103 and a sleeve horn antenna 104; the working principle is as follows: TM0nThe (n-1, 2, …, n) mixed mode first passes through the circular waveguide directional coupler 101, then passes through a length-adjustable straight waveguide 102, and then is aligned to the TM by the coaxial extraction structure in the coaxial waveguide directional coupler 1030nThe hybrid mode extracts a small portion of the energy. All microwaves in the remaining and inner circular waveguides of the coaxial structure are matched radiated outwardly by the sleeve horn antenna 104. Varying the length of the length-tunable straight waveguide 102 can vary each TM0nThe phase difference between the modes, in turn, changes the amplitude of the synthesized TEM mode in the coaxial structure, thereby changing the amplitude of the output level at the port of the coaxial waveguide directional coupler 103. By measuring output level values at different phase differences, including TM when listing different length values0nAnd (4) solving the proportion and the relative phase of each mode by reverse estimation through an equation set of mixed mode information. The high-power microwave hybrid mode diagnosis device has the following problems: firstly, the mixed mode diagnosis device adopts a circular waveguide directional coupler 101 and a coaxial waveguide directional coupler 103, and has a complex structure; secondly, the mixed-mode diagnotor needs to change the length-adjustable straight waveguide 102 to carry out multiple measurements so as to determine the mode proportion and the relative phase, and the measurement efficiency is low; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the mode proportion and the relative phase obtained by reverse estimation are average results of multiple measurements, and when the high-power microwave source does not work stably, the mode generated by each work cannot be truly reflectedProportional and relative phase.
Recently, a dual-mode relativistic backward wave tube with a medium over-mode structure has been studied (J-shaped modulated backward wave oscillator with effect-mode operation)],Renzhen Xiao,Jiawei Li,Xianchen Bai,Xiaowei Zhang,Zhimin Song,Yan Teng,Hu Ye,Xiaoze Li,Jun Sun,and Changhua Chen,Applied Physics Letters,104,093505,2014；Two-wave Ka-band nanosecond relativistic Cherenkov oscillator[J]IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol.65, No.7, pp.2019-2025, July 2018). In this type of device, there is often a TM in the output waveguide01Mode and TM02And (4) two modes. Therefore, there is a need to provide a simple and practical mode diagnostor and method of diagnosis for the presence of dual mode mixing in the output waveguide.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of complex structure and low measurement efficiency of the conventional high-power microwave mixed mode diagnotor, the invention provides a high-power microwave mixed mode diagnotor and a diagnosis method, which are suitable for a dual-mode mixed high-power microwave mixed mode.
The invention conception of the invention is as follows:
three coupling measurement units distributed specifically are arranged on the same longitudinal section of the main waveguide, the power output by the corresponding coupling measurement units is measured, and then the TM is reversely deduced01And TM02The mode ratio and the relative phase.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the high-power microwave hybrid mode diagnostor is characterized in that:
the device comprises a main waveguide, a first coupling measurement unit, a second coupling measurement unit and a third coupling measurement unit, wherein the first coupling measurement unit, the second coupling measurement unit and the third coupling measurement unit are arranged on the same side of the main waveguide and are communicated with the main waveguide;
the first coupling measurement unit, the second coupling measurement unit and the third coupling measurement unit have the same structure;
the single coupling measurement unit comprises a coupling waveguide, an electric probe and an insulating support structure; the electric probe is fixed in the coupling waveguide through an insulating support structure, the distance h between the bottom surface of the electric probe and the inner side wall of the main waveguide is more than or equal to lambda 15, and lambda is the wavelength of microwave;
distance L between the first coupling measurement unit and the second coupling measurement unit1＝(2n-1)π/(β1-β2) Distance L between the second and third coupling measurement units2＝(2n-0.5)π/(β1-β2) Wherein, β1、β2Are each TM01And TM02Longitudinal wavenumber of the mode; n is a positive integer and is selected according to the total length of the main waveguide;
and the output ends of the first coupling measurement unit, the second coupling measurement unit and the third coupling measurement unit are respectively connected with an oscilloscope through an attenuator, a detector and a coaxial cable.
Further, the diameter D of the main waveguide satisfies the condition 1.76 λ < D < 2.75 λ.
Further, the diameter d of the coupling waveguide1Satisfies the condition d1＜λ5。
The invention also provides a dual-mode hybrid condition diagnosis method based on the high-power microwave hybrid mode diagnosis device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) deducing the output power of the first to third coupling measurement units according to the reading of the oscilloscope, the detection curve of the detector and the attenuation value of the attenuator, and respectively recording the output power as P1、P2、P3；
2) Calculating the TM generated by the high power microwave source using the following formula01And TM02Relative phase of
Figure BDA0002309247550000031
And mode ratio
Figure BDA0002309247550000032
Figure BDA0002309247550000033
Figure BDA0002309247550000034
Wherein:
C1 2、C2 2for coupling waveguides (305) to TM01And TM02The degree of coupling of the modes;
S＝P1+P2；
T＝(P2-P1)2+(2P3-P2-P1)2。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the single-hole coupler, and has simpler structure compared with the traditional high-power microwave mixed mode diagnosis device adopting the circular waveguide directional coupler and the coaxial waveguide directional coupler.
2. The invention can obtain the mode proportion and the relative phase in the output waveguide through one-time measurement, and has high measurement efficiency.
3. The invention only needs one-time measurement, is suitable for the condition of unstable power of the high-power microwave source and can reflect the working instability of the high-power microwave source in real time.
4. The invention provides an analytical expression of the mode proportion and the relative phase, and the calculation is simple.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-power microwave hybrid mode diagnostic device in the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the high power microwave hybrid mode diagnostic device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single coupling measurement unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the coupling measurement unit with the attenuator, the detector, the coaxial cable and the oscilloscope in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 2, the high-power microwave hybrid mode diagnotor of the present invention includes a main waveguide 201, a first coupling measurement unit 202, a second coupling measurement unit 203, and a third coupling measurement unit 204 disposed on the same side of the main waveguide 201 and communicated with the main waveguide 201;
the diameter D of the main waveguide 201 satisfies the condition 1.76 lambda < D < 2.75 lambda is the microwave wavelength.
The first coupling measurement unit 202, the second coupling measurement unit 203 and the third coupling measurement unit 204 have the same structure; the structure of a single coupling measurement unit is shown in fig. 3, and includes a coupling waveguide 305, an electric probe 306 and an insulating support structure 307; coupling waveguide 305 is a section of cutoff waveguide having a diameter d1Satisfies the condition d1< lambda 5, the microwave signal transmitted in the main waveguide 201 can be cut off, thereby reducing the microwave energy coupled into the coupling measurement unit. The electric probe 306 is fixed in the coupling waveguide 305 through an insulating support structure 307, and the distance h between the bottom surface of the electric probe 306 and the inner side wall of the main waveguide 201 is larger than or equal to lambda 15, so that strong field breakdown at the electric probe 306 is prevented.
Distance L between first coupling measurement unit 202 and second coupling measurement unit 2031＝(2n-1)π/(β1-β2) The distance L between the second coupling measurement unit 203 and the third coupling measurement unit 2042＝(2n-0.5)π/(β1-β2) Wherein, β1、β2Are each TM01And TM02Longitudinal wavenumber of the mode; n is a positive integer selected according to the total length of the main waveguide 201.
In operation, TM generated by high power microwave source01And TM02The mixed mode enters from the main waveguide 201, a small amount of microwaves reach three coupling measurement units (the coupling degrees at the coupling measurement units at different positions are the same, and the field distributions are different), the microwaves pass through the attenuator and the detector corresponding to each coupling measurement unit, and are finally transmitted to the oscilloscope of the shielding chamber through the coaxial cable (each coupling measurement unit corresponds to one group of attenuator, detector and oscilloscope, the connection relation among the attenuator, the detector and the oscilloscope corresponding to a single coupling measurement unit is shown in figure 4), and the output power P of the three coupling measurement units is obtained by the reading of the oscilloscope, the detection curve of the detector and the attenuation value of the used attenuator1、P2、P3So that its relative phase is
Figure BDA0002309247550000051
The mode ratio is
Figure BDA0002309247550000052
Wherein C is1 2、C2 2For coupling 305 pairs of TM waveguides01And TM02Degree of coupling of modes, S ═ P1+P2,T＝(P2-P1)2+(2P3-P2-P1)2。
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
TM is present in the main waveguide 20101And TM02Two modes, three coupling measurement units are disposed in the main waveguide 201, and then the power measured by the three coupling measurement units is respectively
Figure BDA0002309247550000061
Figure BDA0002309247550000062
Figure BDA0002309247550000063
Wherein:
E1、E2are each TM01And TM02The amplitude of the mode;
β1、β2are each TM01And TM02Longitudinal wavenumber of the mode;
L1is the distance between the first coupling measurement unit 202 and the second coupling measurement unit 203;
L2is the distance between the second coupling measurement unit 203 and the third coupling measurement unit 204;
Figure BDA0002309247550000064
is a TM at the first coupling measurement unit 20201And TM02The relative phase of the modes;
C1 2、C2 2for a single coupled measuring cell pair TM01And TM02The degree of coupling of the modes can be calculated by commercial software.
Let L1＝(2n-1)π/(β1-β2)，L2＝(2n-0.5)π/(β1-β2)，
Then it can be obtained from the above three equations
Figure BDA0002309247550000065
Figure BDA0002309247550000066
Figure BDA0002309247550000067
Thereby to obtain
P1+P2＝2(C1 2E1 2+C2 2E2 2)
[2P2-(P1+P2)]2+[2P3-(P1+P2)]2＝16C1 2C2 2E1 2E2 2
Figure BDA0002309247550000068
Further obtain
Figure BDA0002309247550000069
This is the TM01Mode and TM02The relative phase of the modes.
Order to
S＝P1+P2,T＝(P2-P1)2+(2P3-P2-P1)2
Then there is
Figure BDA0002309247550000071
Figure BDA0002309247550000072
Thereby obtaining TM01Mode and TM02Mode ratio of the mode
Figure BDA0002309247550000073
Example (b):
the present embodiment works at 10GHz, and the main structural parameters are as follows:
the diameter D of the main waveguide 201 is 76mm, L1＝64.4mm，L296.6mm, coupling waveguide 305 diameter d14.1mm, the height h of the bottom surface of the electric probe 306 from the inner wall of the main waveguide 201 is 3.0mm, and the diameter d of the electric probe 3062＝1.3mm。
TM01The degree of coupling of the modes is-74 dB, TM02The degree of coupling of the modes is-75 dB.
When the measured powers of the first coupling measurement unit, the second coupling measurement unit and the third coupling measurement unit are respectively 300W, 100W and 350W, the relative phase position can be calculated to be-56.3 degrees and TM can be obtained by using the formula01Mode and TM02The mode ratio of the mode is 2: 1.

Claims (4)

1. high power microwave hybrid mode diagnostor, its characterized in that:
the device comprises a main waveguide (201), a first coupling measurement unit (202), a second coupling measurement unit (203) and a third coupling measurement unit (204), wherein the first coupling measurement unit, the second coupling measurement unit and the third coupling measurement unit are arranged on the same side of the main waveguide (201) and are communicated with the main waveguide (201);
the first coupling measurement unit (202), the second coupling measurement unit (203) and the third coupling measurement unit (204) are identical in structure;
the single coupling measurement unit comprises a coupling waveguide (305), an electrical probe (306) and an insulating support structure (307); the electric probe (306) is fixed in the coupling waveguide (305) through an insulating support structure (307), the distance h between the bottom surface of the electric probe (306) and the inner side wall of the main waveguide (201) is more than or equal to lambda/15, and lambda is the wavelength of microwaves;
a distance L between the first coupling measurement unit (202) and the second coupling measurement unit (203)1＝(2n-1)π/(β1-β2) A distance L between the second coupling measurement unit (203) and the third coupling measurement unit (204)2＝(2n-0.5)π/(β1-β2) Wherein, β1、β2Are each TM01And TM02Longitudinal wavenumber of the mode; n is a positive integer and is selected according to the total length of the main waveguide (201);
and the output ends of the first coupling measurement unit (202), the second coupling measurement unit (203) and the third coupling measurement unit (204) are respectively connected with an oscilloscope through an attenuator, a detector and a coaxial cable.
2. The high power microwave hybrid mode diagnostor of claim 1, wherein:
the diameter D of the main waveguide (201) satisfies the condition 1.76 lambda < D < 2.75 lambda.
3. The high power microwave hybrid mode diagnostor of claim 2, wherein: diameter d of coupling waveguide (305)1Satisfies the condition d1＜λ/5。
4. A dual-mode hybrid situation diagnostic method based on the high-power microwave hybrid mode diagnostic apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
1) based on oscilloscope readings, detector detection curve and attenuatorThe output power of the first to third coupling measurement units is deduced from the attenuation value and is respectively marked as P1、P2、P3；
2) Calculating the TM generated by the high power microwave source using the following formula01And TM02Relative phase of
Figure FDA0003456529430000021
And mode ratio
Figure FDA0003456529430000022
Figure FDA0003456529430000023
Figure FDA0003456529430000024
Wherein:
E1、E2are each TM01And TM02The amplitude of the mode;
C1 2、C2 2for coupling waveguides (305) to TM01And TM02The degree of coupling of the modes;
S＝P1+P2；
T＝(P2-P1)2+(2P3-P2-P1)2。
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