CN111024353B - Impact force testing device and method - Google Patents
Impact force testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111024353B CN111024353B CN201911291075.9A CN201911291075A CN111024353B CN 111024353 B CN111024353 B CN 111024353B CN 201911291075 A CN201911291075 A CN 201911291075A CN 111024353 B CN111024353 B CN 111024353B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/0078—Shock-testing of vehicles
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impact force testing device and method, and belongs to the technical field of material drop hammer crushing tests. The impact force testing device includes: the test piece is detachably arranged on the test piece mounting table; the guard plate seat is arranged between the supporting platform and the test piece mounting platform; a cylinder is fixedly arranged on the end surface of the test piece mounting table, which is far away from the test piece; the supporting platform is provided with an installation groove, and the sensor is fixedly arranged in the installation groove; the signal collector is connected with the sensor; the cylinder may be in contact with the sensor. The impact force testing device and the impact force testing method can be used for testing the impact force of the material, are simple and convenient to operate, obtain a force-displacement curve and evaluate the energy absorption characteristic of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material drop hammer crushing tests, in particular to an impact force testing device and method.
Background
The collision safety is important content which cannot be ignored in various links such as automobile design, production, use and the like, is one of important reference indexes for evaluating automobile performance, is concerned by more and more host factories and consumers, and is an important direction for automobile development in the future. Along with the great application of high-strength steel and the continuous improvement of strength level, important material support is provided for the safety design of automobiles. The hat-shaped beam structure made of high-strength steel is an important structural form of a force transmission path of a vehicle body and a framework of a whole vehicle, and plays important roles in transmitting impact force and absorbing energy when the vehicle collides. Therefore, the analysis of the energy absorption characteristics of the high-strength steel material is an important link which must be carried out for automobile design material selection and is also a necessary link for the current high-end automobile brand certification.
The evaluation of the energy absorption characteristic of the high-strength steel material mainly adopts a drop hammer crushing test, and the test has no uniform test equipment and test standard at present and mainly takes independent research and development equipment and test methods. However, the test apparatus and method in the prior art are complicated to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an impact force testing device and method, which solve or partially solve the technical problem that the impact force testing device and method in the prior art are complex to operate.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides an impact force testing apparatus for supporting a test piece, the impact force testing apparatus comprising: the device comprises a test piece mounting table, a supporting platform, a guard plate seat, a sensor and a signal collector; the test piece is detachably arranged on the test piece mounting table; the guard plate seat is arranged between the supporting platform and the test piece mounting platform; a cylinder is fixedly arranged on the end surface of the test piece mounting table, which is far away from the test piece; the supporting platform is provided with an installation groove, and the sensor is fixedly arranged in the installation groove; the signal collector is connected with the sensor; the cylinder may be in contact with the sensor.
Further, the sensor is fixedly arranged in the mounting groove through a sensor gasket.
Further, the impact force testing device further comprises: a clamping mechanism; the fixture includes: a first fixing clip and a second fixing clip; a connecting plate is fixedly arranged on the test piece mounting table; the first fixing clamp and the second fixing clamp are detachably connected with the connecting plate; the first fixing clamp is detachably connected with the second fixing clamp; the test piece is arranged between the first fixing clamp and the second fixing clamp.
Further, the clamping device further comprises: the first fixing parts, the second fixing parts and the locking parts are arranged on the base; the first side of the connecting plate is provided with a plurality of first transverse grooves, and the second side of the connecting plate is provided with a plurality of second transverse grooves; a plurality of third transverse grooves are formed in the end part, close to the connecting plate, of the first fixing clamp, the third transverse grooves correspond to the first transverse grooves one to one, and the first fixing piece penetrates through the third transverse grooves and enters the corresponding first transverse grooves; a plurality of fourth transverse grooves are formed in the end part, close to the connecting plate, of the second fixing clamp, the fourth transverse grooves correspond to the second transverse grooves one to one, and the second fixing piece penetrates through the fourth transverse grooves to enter the corresponding second transverse grooves; the end part of the first fixing clamp, which is far away from the connecting plate, is provided with a first locking hole, the end part of the second fixing clamp, which is far away from the connecting plate, is provided with a second locking hole, and the position of the first locking hole corresponds to the position of the second locking hole; the retaining member passes through the first locking aperture into the second locking aperture.
Further, the impact force testing device further comprises: a plurality of overload protection mechanisms; the overload protection mechanism includes: the overload protection device comprises a shell, an overload protection trigger, a trigger control rod, a switch, a circuit, an electromagnetic component, an armature, a sliding block, a supporting rod and a supporting base plate; the overload protection trigger, the trigger control rod, the switch, the circuit and the electromagnetic component are all arranged in the shell; the overload protection trigger is connected with the signal collector; the shell is fixedly arranged on the end face, deviating from the test piece, of the test piece mounting table; the receiving end of the trigger control rod is connected with the overload protection trigger, and the action end of the trigger control rod can be contacted with the switch; the switch is arranged on the circuit, and the circuit is connected with the electromagnetic component; the armature and the sliding block are arranged on the end face, deviating from the test piece, of the test piece mounting table in a sliding manner, the armature is fixedly connected with the sliding block, and the sliding block is provided with a through hole; the first end of the supporting rod is rotatably arranged on the end face, away from the test piece, of the test piece mounting table, and the second end of the supporting rod can be arranged in the through hole; the supporting base plate is rotatably arranged on the end face, deviating from the test piece, of the test piece mounting table, the supporting rod can support the supporting base plate, the guard plate seat faces the end face of the test piece mounting table, a notch is formed in the end face, and the supporting base plate can enter the notch.
Further, the electromagnetic component includes: an iron core and a coil; the coil is connected in series with the circuit; the coil is wound around the core.
Further, the iron core, the armature and the sliding block are coaxially arranged.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides an impact force testing method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a sensor, calibrating the sensor by adopting a universal testing machine testing system and a super-dynamic strain acquisition instrument, and acquiring a corresponding relation between a voltage signal and a force signal; installing the sensor in an installation groove of a supporting platform, arranging a guard plate seat between the supporting platform and a test piece installation platform, and aligning a cylinder on the test piece installation platform with the sensor; arranging a test piece on the test piece mounting table; the drop hammer freely falls down to act with the test piece, and the high-speed camera carries out displacement test through the mark points sprayed on the drop hammer to obtain a displacement-time curve; the sensor obtains a voltage change curve of impact force, converts the voltage change curve into a force signal curve through a calibration coefficient, obtains a force-time curve, and sends the force-time curve to the display equipment through the signal collector; interpolating the data of the force-time curve and the data of the displacement-time curve to the same time axis by adopting interpolation calculation according to the force-time curve and the displacement-time curve, and determining an impact starting point according to the force image and the displacement image to obtain a force-displacement curve; and evaluating the energy absorption characteristic of the material according to the force-displacement curve.
Further, the test piece is arranged on the test piece mounting table through a first fixing clamp and a second fixing clamp, and the bottom of the test piece is completely attached to the test piece mounting table.
Further, the impact force testing method further comprises the following steps: the signal collector sends an overload signal to an overload protection trigger, and the overload protection trigger sends an action signal to a trigger control rod according to the overload signal; the control rod is triggered to operate the switch to be closed, the circuit is electrified, the electromagnetic component generates a magnetic field to adsorb the armature, the armature moves to drive the sliding block to move, the supporting rod is separated from the through hole of the sliding block, and the supporting rod sags; the support base plate loses the support of the support rod, the support base plate sags and enters the groove of the guard plate seat, and the test piece mounting table is supported by the support base plate; impact force is transmitted to the fender seat through the support base plate and then transmitted to the support platform.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
because the test piece is detachably arranged on the test piece mounting table, when the test is to be carried out, the test piece can be mounted on the test piece mounting table, the guard plate seat is arranged between the supporting platform and the test piece mounting table, the sensor can be protected by the guard plate seat, the end surface of the test piece mounting table, which is away from the test piece, is fixedly provided with a cylinder, the supporting platform is provided with a mounting groove, the sensor is fixedly arranged in the mounting groove, the signal collector is connected with the sensor, and the cylinder can be contacted with the sensor, so that the drop hammer freely falls down to act on the test piece, force is transmitted to the sensor from the test piece, the test piece mounting table and the cylinder, the high-speed camera carries out displacement test through a mark point sprayed on the drop hammer to obtain a displacement-time curve, the sensor obtains a voltage change curve of impact force, converts the voltage change curve into a force signal curve through a calibration coefficient, and obtains the force-time curve, the sensor sends the data to the display device through the signal collector, interpolation calculation is adopted according to the force-time curve and the displacement-time curve, the data of the force-time curve and the data of the displacement-time curve are interpolated under the same time axis, the impact starting point is determined according to the force image and the displacement image, the force-displacement curve is obtained, the energy absorption characteristic of the material is evaluated according to the force-displacement curve, the impact force test can be conveniently carried out on the material, the force-displacement curve is obtained, and the energy absorption characteristic of the material is evaluated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an impact force testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a guard plate seat of the impact testing apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping mechanism of the impact testing apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overload protection mechanism of the impact testing apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overload protection mechanism of the impact force testing device of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of an overload protection mechanism of the impact force testing device in fig. 4.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-2, an impact force testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is configured to support a test piece 1, and includes: the device comprises a test piece mounting table 2, a supporting platform 3, a guard plate seat 4, a sensor 5 and a signal collector.
The test piece 1 is detachably disposed on the test piece mounting table 2.
The guard plate seat 4 is arranged between the supporting platform 3 and the test piece mounting table 2.
And a cylinder 6 is fixedly arranged on the end surface of the test piece mounting platform 2 departing from the test piece 1.
The supporting platform 3 is provided with a mounting groove, and the sensor 5 is fixedly arranged in the mounting groove.
The signal collector is connected with the sensor 5.
The cylinder 7 may be in contact with the sensor.
In the embodiment of the application, the test piece 1 is detachably arranged on the test piece mounting table 2, so when the test is to be carried out, the test piece 1 can be mounted on the test piece mounting table 2, the guard plate seat 4 is arranged between the supporting platform 3 and the test piece mounting table 2, the sensor 5 can be protected by the guard plate seat 4, the end surface of the test piece mounting table 2, which is far away from the test piece 1, is fixedly provided with the cylinder 6, the supporting platform 3 is provided with the installation groove, the sensor 5 is fixedly arranged in the installation groove, the signal collector is connected with the sensor 5, the cylinder 6 can be contacted with the sensor 5, therefore, the drop hammer 7 freely falls down to act on the test piece 1, the force is transmitted to the sensor 5 by the test piece 1, the test piece mounting table 2 and the cylinder 6, the high-speed camera carries out the displacement test through the mark point sprayed on the drop hammer 7 to obtain the displacement-time curve, the sensor 5 obtains a voltage change curve of impact force, converts the voltage change curve into a force signal curve through a calibration coefficient to obtain a force-time curve, the sensor 5 sends the force-time curve and the displacement-time curve to display equipment through a signal collector, interpolates data of the force-time curve and data of the displacement-time curve to the same time axis according to the force-time curve and the displacement-time curve by adopting interpolation calculation, determines an impact starting point according to a force image and a displacement image to obtain the force-displacement curve, evaluates the energy absorption characteristic of the material according to the force-displacement curve, can conveniently test the impact force of the material, obtains the force-displacement curve and evaluates the energy absorption characteristic of the material.
Wherein, signal collector passes through the cable and is connected with sensor 5, guarantees the transmission of signal.
An observation window is arranged on the guard plate seat 4, and whether the cylinder 6 is aligned with the sensor 5 or not can be observed through the observation window, so that the bottom surface of the cylinder 6 is ensured to be in complete contact with the sensor 5.
Specifically, sensor 5 passes through sensor gasket 8 and fixes the setting in the mounting groove, can guarantee that sensor 5 installs stably.
The sensor 5 is a piezoelectric force transducer, the action time of the whole crushing process is short, generally 30-50ms, and the impact load is large and about 20-35kN, so that when the sensor is selected, the piezoelectric force transducer with high measurement stability, simple operation and good dynamic characteristics is selected.
Referring to fig. 3, the impact force testing apparatus further includes: a clamping mechanism 9.
The chucking mechanism 9 includes: a first fixing clip 9-1 and a second fixing clip 9-2.
The test piece mounting table 2 is fixedly provided with a connecting plate 10.
The first fixing clip 9-1 and the second fixing clip 9-2 are detachably connected with the connecting plate 10.
The first fixing clamp 9-1 is detachably connected with the second fixing clamp 9-2.
The test piece 1 is arranged between the first fixing clamp 9-1 and the second fixing clamp 9-2.
The test piece 1 can be placed between the first fixing clamp 9-1 and the second fixing clamp 9-2, then the first fixing clamp 9-1 and the second fixing clamp 9-2 are fixedly connected with the connecting plate 10, and then the first fixing clamp 9-1 and the second fixing clamp 9-2 are locked, so that the test piece is connected with the test piece mounting table 2 into a whole through the first fixing clamp 9-1, the second fixing clamp 9-2 and the connecting plate 10.
Specifically, the clamping device 9 further comprises: a plurality of first fixing pieces 9-3, a plurality of second fixing pieces 9-4 and a locking piece 9-5.
A plurality of first transverse grooves are formed in the first side of the connecting plate 10, and a plurality of second transverse grooves are formed in the second side of the connecting plate 10.
The end part of the first fixing clamp 9-1 close to the connecting plate 10 is provided with a plurality of third transverse grooves, the third transverse grooves correspond to the first transverse grooves one by one, and the first fixing piece 9-3 penetrates through the third transverse grooves to enter the corresponding first transverse grooves.
The end part, close to the connecting plate 10, of the second fixing clamp 9-2 is provided with a plurality of fourth transverse grooves, the fourth transverse grooves correspond to the second transverse grooves one to one, and the second fixing piece 9-4 penetrates through the fourth transverse grooves to enter the corresponding second transverse grooves.
The end part of the first fixing clamp 9-1, which is far away from the connecting plate 10, is provided with a first locking hole, the end part of the second fixing clamp 9-2, which is far away from the connecting plate 10, is provided with a second locking hole, and the position of the first locking hole corresponds to the position of the second locking hole.
The locking member 9-5 passes through the first locking hole into the second locking hole.
When the test piece 1 is to be clamped, the first fixing piece 9-3 penetrates through the third transverse groove to enter the corresponding first transverse groove, so that the first fixing clamp 9-1 and the connecting plate 10 are connected into a whole, the second fixing piece 9-4 penetrates through the fourth transverse groove to enter the corresponding second transverse groove, so that the second fixing clamp 9-2 and the connecting plate 10 are connected into a whole, the test piece 1 is placed between the first fixing clamp 9-1 and the second fixing clamp 9-2, the locking piece 9-5 penetrates through the first locking hole to enter the second locking hole, so that the first fixing clamp 9-1 and the second fixing clamp 9-2 are connected into a whole, the test piece 1 is clamped, the test piece 1 and the test piece mounting table 2 are connected into a whole, and the bottom surface of the test piece 1 is ensured to be completely attached to the test piece mounting table 2.
According to the different thicknesses of the high-strength steel materials, the cap-shaped beam test piece 1 with different section requirements is manufactured by adopting processes of cold bending, spot welding and the like.
The first fixing clamp 9-1 and the second fixing clamp 9-2 can be suitable for tests of test pieces with various sizes, and are high in universality.
The first fixing member 9-3, the second fixing member 9-4 and the locking member 9-5 may be formed of bolts and nuts.
Referring to fig. 4-6, the impact force testing apparatus further includes: a number of overload protection mechanisms 11.
The overload protection mechanism 11 includes: the overload protection device comprises a shell 11-1, an overload protection trigger, a trigger control rod 11-2, a switch 11-3, a circuit 11-4, an electromagnetic component 11-5, an armature 11-6, a sliding block 11-7, a supporting rod 11-8 and a supporting base plate 11-9.
The overload protection trigger, the trigger control rod 11-2, the switch 11-3, the circuit 11-4 and the electromagnetic component 11-5 are all arranged in the shell 11-1.
The overload protection trigger is connected with the signal collector.
The shell 11-1 is fixedly arranged on the end face, deviating from the test piece 1, of the test piece mounting platform 2. In the embodiment, the shell 11-1 can be fixedly arranged on the end face of the test piece mounting table 2 departing from the test piece 1 through welding, so that the connection stability is ensured.
The receiving end of the trigger control rod 11-2 is connected with an overload protection trigger, the action end of the trigger control rod 11-2 can be contacted with the switch 11-3, and the switch 11-3 is controlled to be closed through the trigger control rod 11-2.
The switch 11-3 is arranged on the circuit 11-4, and the on-off of the circuit 11-4 is controlled through the switch 11-4. The circuit 11-4 is connected to the electromagnetic component 11-5.
The armature 11-6 and the slide 11-7 are arranged on the end face of the test piece mounting table 2 facing away from the test piece 1 in a sliding manner. In the embodiment, the end face of the test piece mounting platform 2, which is far away from the test piece 1, is provided with a sliding groove, and the armature 11-6 and the sliding block 11-7 are arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding manner.
The armature 11-6 is fixedly connected with the slide block 11-7. In the embodiment, the armature 11-6 can be fixedly connected with the slide block 11-7 through a rope, and certain ductility between the armature 11-6 and the slide block 11-7 is ensured. The slide block 11-7 is provided with a through hole.
The first end of the supporting rod 11-8 is rotatably arranged on the end surface of the test piece mounting platform 2 departing from the test piece 1. In the present embodiment, the first end of the support rod 11-8 is rotatably arranged on the end face of the test piece mounting table 2 facing away from the test piece 1 via a rotary shaft. The second end of the support rod 11-8 may be disposed within the through hole.
The support pads 11-9 are arranged rotatably on the end face of the test piece mounting table 2 facing away from the test piece 1. In the present exemplary embodiment, the support pads 11-9 can be arranged on the end face of the test piece mounting table 2 facing away from the test piece 1 in a rotatable manner via a rotary shaft. The supporting rod 11-8 can support the supporting base plate 11-9, a notch is formed in the end face, facing the test piece mounting table, of the guard plate seat 4, and the supporting base plate 11-9 can enter the notch.
The signal collector sends an overload signal to the overload protection trigger, the overload protection trigger sends an action signal to the trigger control rod 11-2 according to the overload signal, the trigger control rod 11-2 controls the switch 11-3 to be closed, the circuit 11-4 is electrified, the electromagnetic component 11-5 generates a magnetic field to adsorb the armature 11-6, the armature 11-6 moves to drive the slider 11-7 to move, the support rod 11-8 is separated from the through hole of the slider 11-7, the support rod 11-8 droops, the support base plate 11-9 loses the support of the support rod 11-8, the support base plate 11-9 droops to enter the notch of the guard plate seat 4, the test piece mounting table 2 is supported by the support base plate 11-9, the impact force is transmitted to the guard plate seat 4 through the support base plate 11-9 and then transmitted to the support platform 3, the sensor 5 is prevented from being damaged by a large impact force.
The electromagnetic component 11-5 includes: iron cores 11-51 and coils 11-52.
The coils 11-52 are connected in series with the circuit 11-4. In this embodiment, the circuit 11-4 has a power supply 11-41 thereon, and the coil 11-52 is supplied with power through the power supply 11-41.
The coil 11-52 is wound on the iron core 11-51, and when the coil 11-52 is electrified, the iron core 11-51 can generate magnetic force.
The iron core 11-51, the armature 11-6 and the sliding block 11-7 are coaxially arranged, so that the iron core 11-51 can adsorb the armature 11-6 and the sliding block 11-7 to move in the sliding groove when generating magnetic force.
Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides an impact force testing method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, selecting the sensor 52, calibrating the sensor 5 by using the universal testing machine testing system and the ultra-dynamic strain acquisition instrument, and acquiring the corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the force signal.
Step S2, the sensor 5 is installed in the installation groove of the supporting platform 3, the guard plate seat 4 is arranged between the supporting platform 3 and the test piece installation platform 2, and the cylinder 6 on the test piece installation platform 2 is aligned with the sensor.
In step S3, the test piece 1 is set on the test piece mounting table 2.
And step S4, the drop hammer 7 freely falls down to act with the test piece 1, and the high-speed camera carries out displacement test through the mark points sprayed on the drop hammer 7 to obtain a displacement-time curve.
Step S5, the sensor 5 obtains a voltage variation curve of the impact force, converts the voltage variation curve into a force signal curve through a calibration coefficient, obtains a force-time curve, and sends the force-time curve to the display device through the signal collector.
And step S6, interpolating the data of the force-time curve and the data of the displacement-time curve to the same time axis by adopting interpolation calculation according to the force-time curve and the displacement-time curve, and determining an impact starting point according to the force image and the displacement image to obtain the force-displacement curve.
And step S7, evaluating the energy absorption characteristics of the material according to the force-displacement curve.
The high-speed camera is provided with processing software to obtain a displacement-time curve, and the display equipment can be a super-dynamic strain acquisition instrument. In the whole test process, in order to realize the acquisition of the voltage signals of the strain gauge with high precision, high response and high frequency, a hyper-dynamic strain acquisition instrument is adopted to obtain the change curve of the impact force.
The test piece 1 is arranged on the test piece mounting table 2 through the first fixing clamp 9-1 and the second fixing clamp 9-2, and the bottom of the test piece 1 is completely attached to the test piece mounting table 2, so that force transmission is guaranteed.
The adopted triggering mode is manual simultaneous triggering, so that the acquired force-time curve and displacement-time curve are synchronous, and the two groups of data time axes are different in frequency, so that the read data time nodes are inconsistent, and interpolation calculation is required.
The impact force testing method further comprises the following steps:
and step S8, the signal collector sends an overload signal to the overload protection trigger, and the overload protection trigger sends an action signal to the trigger control rod 11-2 according to the overload signal.
Step S9, the control rod 11-2 is triggered to operate the switch 11-3 to be closed, the circuit 11-4 is electrified, the electromagnetic component 11-5 generates a magnetic field to adsorb the armature 11-6, the armature 11-6 moves to drive the slider 11-7 to move, the support rod 11-8 is separated from the through hole of the slider 11-7, and the support rod 11-8 sags.
And step S10, the support backing plate 11-9 loses the support of the support rod 11-8, the support backing plate 11-9 sags and enters the notch of the guard plate seat 4, and the test piece mounting table 2 is supported by the support backing plate 11-9.
At step S11, the impact force is transmitted to the apron seat 4 through the support mat 11-9 and then to the support platform 3.
Wherein, the signal collector is provided with a threshold value, and when the signal sent to the signal collector by the sensor 5 is greater than the threshold value, the signal collector sends an overload signal to the overload protection trigger.
And the signal transmission between the overload protection trigger and the signal collector is realized through wireless transmission.
After the impact test is finished, the trigger signal fails, the trigger control rod 11-2 returns, the switch 11-3 is opened, the circuit 11-4 is opened, no magnetic field is generated, the armature 11-6 is reset through manual operation, the support base plate 11-9 is reset, the support rod 11-8 is placed back into the through hole of the sliding block and returns to the original position, and the protection process is finished.
In order to more clearly receive the embodiments of the present invention, the following description is provided in terms of the method of using the embodiments of the present invention.
And selecting a piezoelectric force transducer 5, calibrating the transducer by adopting a universal testing machine testing system and a super-dynamic strain acquisition instrument, and acquiring the corresponding relation between a voltage signal and a force signal.
The sensor 5 is placed on the sensor gasket 8 and is installed in the installation groove of the supporting platform 3, and the guard plate seat 4 is installed on the lower supporting platform 3 to play a role in protecting the sensor 5. And a data transmission line of the sensor 5 penetrates out of an observation window arranged on the guard plate seat 4 and is connected with the signal collector.
According to the different thicknesses of the high-strength steel materials, the cap-shaped beam test piece 1 with different section requirements is manufactured by adopting the processes of cold bending, spot welding and the like.
The cap-shaped beam test piece 1 is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 10 through the first fixing clamp 9-1 and the second fixing clamp 9-2, so that the cap-shaped beam test piece 1 and the test piece mounting table 2 are connected into a whole, the bottom surface of the cap-shaped beam test piece 1 is completely attached to the test piece mounting table 2, and shaking, deviation, inclination and the like do not occur.
Install test piece mount table 2 on supporting platform 3, realize the centering through cylinder 6 and supporting platform 3 under test piece mount table 2, observe the centering condition of the two through the observation hole of backplate seat 4, guarantee that the bottom surface of cylinder 6 and sensor 5 contact completely.
After the installation is finished, manual simultaneous triggering is adopted. The drop hammer 7 freely falls down to act with the test piece 1, and the high-speed camera carries out displacement test through the mark points sprayed on the drop hammer 7 to obtain a displacement-time curve. The sensor 5 obtains a voltage change curve of the impact force, the voltage change curve is converted into a force signal curve through a calibration coefficient, a force-time curve is obtained, and the sensor 5 is sent to the display device through the signal collector.
And interpolating the data of the force-time curve and the data of the displacement-time curve to the same time axis by adopting interpolation calculation according to the force-time curve and the displacement-time curve, and determining an impact starting point according to the force image and the displacement image to obtain the force-displacement curve.
And evaluating the energy absorption characteristic of the material according to the force-displacement curve.
When the signal collector on the data output line of the sensor 5 sends an overload signal, the signal collector sends the overload signal to the overload protection trigger, and the overload protection trigger sends an action signal to the trigger control rod 11-2 according to the overload signal. The trigger control rod 11-2 operates the switch 11-3 to be closed, the circuit 11-4 is electrified, the electromagnetic component 11-5 generates a magnetic field to adsorb the armature 11-6, the armature 11-6 moves to drive the sliding block 11-7 to move, the supporting rod 11-8 is separated from the through hole of the sliding block 11-7, and the supporting rod 11-8 sags. The support cushion plates 11-9 lose the support of the support rods 11-8, the support cushion plates 11-9 sag and enter the notches of the guard plate seat 4, and the test piece mounting table 2 is supported by the support cushion plates 11-9. The impact force is transmitted through the support pads 11-9 to the apron mounts 4 and then to the support platform 3. The force transmission path of the support backing plate 11-9 replaces the original path of the sensor 5, thereby playing a role in overload protection.
After the impact test is finished, the trigger signal fails, the trigger control rod 11-2 returns, the switch 11-3 is opened, the circuit 11-4 is opened, no magnetic field is generated, the armature 11-6 is reset through manual operation, the support base plate 11-9 is reset, the support rod 11-8 is placed back into the through hole of the sliding block and returns to the original position, and the protection process is finished.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An impact force testing device for supporting a test piece, the impact force testing device comprising: the device comprises a test piece mounting table, a supporting platform, a guard plate seat, a sensor, a high-speed camera, a signal collector and an overload protection mechanism;
the test piece is detachably arranged on the test piece mounting table;
the guard plate seat is arranged between the supporting platform and the test piece mounting platform;
a cylinder is fixedly arranged on the end surface of the test piece mounting table, which is far away from the test piece;
the supporting platform is provided with an installation groove, and the sensor is fixedly arranged in the installation groove;
the signal collector is connected with the sensor and an overload protection trigger of the overload protection mechanism, the signal collector is used for sending an overload signal to the overload protection trigger, and the sensor sends the overload signal to the display equipment through the signal collector;
the cylinder is in contact with the sensor, the sensor is used for acquiring a force-time curve, and the high-speed camera is used for acquiring a displacement-time curve;
the overload protection mechanism includes: the overload protection device comprises a shell, an overload protection trigger, a trigger control rod, a switch, a circuit, an electromagnetic component, an armature, a sliding block, a supporting rod and a supporting base plate; the overload protection trigger, the trigger control rod, the switch, the circuit and the electromagnetic component are all arranged in the shell; the shell is fixedly arranged on the end face, deviating from the test piece, of the test piece mounting table; the receiving end of the trigger control rod is connected with the overload protection trigger, and the action end of the trigger control rod can be contacted with the switch;
the switch is arranged on the circuit, and the circuit is connected with the electromagnetic component; the armature and the sliding block are arranged on the end face, deviating from the test piece, of the test piece mounting table in a sliding manner, the armature is fixedly connected with the sliding block, and the sliding block is provided with a through hole; the first end of the supporting rod is rotatably arranged on the end face, away from the test piece, of the test piece mounting table, and the second end of the supporting rod can be arranged in the through hole; the supporting base plate is rotatably arranged on the end face, deviating from the test piece, of the test piece mounting table, the supporting rod can support the supporting base plate, the guard plate seat faces the end face of the test piece mounting table, a notch is formed in the end face, and the supporting base plate can enter the notch.
2. The impact force testing device according to claim 1, wherein:
the sensor is fixedly arranged in the mounting groove through a sensor gasket.
3. The impact force testing device of claim 1, further comprising: a clamping mechanism;
the fixture includes: a first fixing clip and a second fixing clip;
a connecting plate is fixedly arranged on the test piece mounting table;
the first fixing clamp and the second fixing clamp are detachably connected with the connecting plate;
the first fixing clamp is detachably connected with the second fixing clamp;
the test piece is arranged between the first fixing clamp and the second fixing clamp.
4. The impact force testing device of claim 3, wherein the clamping mechanism further comprises: the first fixing parts, the second fixing parts and the locking parts are arranged on the base;
the first side of the connecting plate is provided with a plurality of first transverse grooves, and the second side of the connecting plate is provided with a plurality of second transverse grooves;
a plurality of third transverse grooves are formed in the end part, close to the connecting plate, of the first fixing clamp, the third transverse grooves correspond to the first transverse grooves one to one, and the first fixing piece penetrates through the third transverse grooves and enters the corresponding first transverse grooves;
a plurality of fourth transverse grooves are formed in the end part, close to the connecting plate, of the second fixing clamp, the fourth transverse grooves correspond to the second transverse grooves one to one, and the second fixing piece penetrates through the fourth transverse grooves to enter the corresponding second transverse grooves;
the end part of the first fixing clamp, which is far away from the connecting plate, is provided with a first locking hole, the end part of the second fixing clamp, which is far away from the connecting plate, is provided with a second locking hole, and the position of the first locking hole corresponds to the position of the second locking hole;
the retaining member passes through the first locking aperture into the second locking aperture.
5. The impact force testing device of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic component comprises: an iron core and a coil;
the coil is connected in series with the circuit;
the coil is wound around the core.
6. The impact force testing device according to claim 5, wherein:
the iron core, the armature and the sliding block are coaxially arranged.
7. An impact force testing method based on the impact force testing device of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the impact force testing method comprises the following steps:
selecting a sensor, calibrating the sensor by adopting a universal testing machine testing system and a super-dynamic strain acquisition instrument, and acquiring a corresponding relation between a voltage signal and a force signal;
installing the sensor in an installation groove of a supporting platform, arranging a guard plate seat between the supporting platform and a test piece installation platform, and aligning a cylinder on the test piece installation platform with the sensor;
arranging a test piece on the test piece mounting table;
the drop hammer freely falls down to act with the test piece, and the high-speed camera carries out displacement test through the mark points sprayed on the drop hammer to obtain a displacement-time curve;
the sensor obtains a voltage change curve of impact force, converts the voltage change curve into a force signal curve through a calibration coefficient, obtains a force-time curve, and sends the force-time curve to the display equipment through the signal collector;
interpolating the data of the force-time curve and the data of the displacement-time curve to the same time axis by adopting interpolation calculation according to the force-time curve and the displacement-time curve, and determining an impact starting point according to the force image and the displacement image to obtain a force-displacement curve;
and evaluating the energy absorption characteristic of the material according to the force-displacement curve.
8. The impact force testing method according to claim 7, wherein:
the test piece is arranged on the test piece mounting table through the first fixing clamp and the second fixing clamp, and the bottom of the test piece is completely attached to the test piece mounting table.
9. The impact force testing method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of:
the signal collector sends an overload signal to an overload protection trigger, and the overload protection trigger sends an action signal to a trigger control rod according to the overload signal;
the control rod is triggered to operate the switch to be closed, the circuit is electrified, the electromagnetic component generates a magnetic field to adsorb the armature, the armature moves to drive the sliding block to move, the supporting rod is separated from the through hole of the sliding block, and the supporting rod sags;
the support base plate loses the support of the support rod, the support base plate sags and enters the groove of the guard plate seat, and the test piece mounting table is supported by the support base plate;
impact force is transmitted to the fender seat through the support base plate and then transmitted to the support platform.
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| CN201911291075.9A CN111024353B (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Impact force testing device and method |
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| CN111024353A (en) | 2020-04-17 |
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