CN111021768B - Method for constructing steel bar without planting bar in secondary structure - Google Patents
Method for constructing steel bar without planting bar in secondary structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111021768B CN111021768B CN201911314868.8A CN201911314868A CN111021768B CN 111021768 B CN111021768 B CN 111021768B CN 201911314868 A CN201911314868 A CN 201911314868A CN 111021768 B CN111021768 B CN 111021768B
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- anchoring
- steel bar
- anchoring hole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0266—Enlarging
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for planting no steel bar in a secondary structure steel bar, which comprises the following steps: s100, pretreatment of the steel bar anchoring plate: filling fillers into the anchoring holes in the steel bar anchoring plate; s200, processing of a main body structure: positioning the pretreated reinforcing steel bar anchoring plate on a beam plate, and pouring concrete to form a main body structure; s300, remachining the steel bar anchoring plate: finding out the position where the reinforcing steel bar anchoring plate is positioned on the main structure, drilling inwards until the anchoring hole is partially or completely exposed, and removing the filler in the anchoring hole; s400, embedding of the construction steel bars: and screwing the construction steel bars into the anchoring holes. According to the invention, the anchor holes on the steel bar anchor plate are filled with the filler and then positioned, and the filler is removed after the main structure is finished and then the structural steel bars are screwed, so that the effects of no need of manual hole opening and firm positioning are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of a steel bar embedding mode in a secondary structure construction process, in particular to a method for constructing a steel bar without embedding steel bars in a secondary structure.
Background
In the construction process of a building, the construction steel bars in the secondary structure are generally processed and constructed by adopting a method of planting after planting the bar planting glue, and the method generally comprises the steps of adopting an electric hammer to open holes at the later stage, adding the bar planting glue into the opened holes and fixing the construction steel bars by adopting the bar planting glue.
However, this kind of construction method not only appears in roof department easily because factors such as atress lead to the anchor of construction reinforcing bar firm inadequately, and because needs the later stage to fix a position the trompil for the quality of trompil process is difficult to control, appears the electric hammer out of plumb easily or operating personnel technique is not stable enough leads to putting of construction reinforcing bar and the phenomenon that the concrete face is out of plumb.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for planting no steel bars in a secondary structure structural steel bar, which realizes the effects of no need of manual hole opening and firm positioning by filling fillers in the anchoring holes on the steel bar anchoring plate and then positioning, and screwing the structural steel bar after removing the fillers after finishing the main structure.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
in an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for constructing a steel bar without bar planting in a secondary structure is provided, including:
s100, pretreatment of the steel bar anchoring plate: filling fillers into the anchoring holes in the steel bar anchoring plate;
s200, processing of a main body structure: positioning the pretreated reinforcing steel bar anchoring plate on a beam plate, and pouring concrete to form a main body structure;
s300, remachining the steel bar anchoring plate: finding out the position where the reinforcing steel bar anchoring plate is positioned on the main structure, drilling inwards until the anchoring hole is partially or completely exposed, and removing the filler in the anchoring hole;
s400, embedding of the construction steel bars: and screwing the construction steel bars into the anchoring holes.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S100, the filling method specifically includes:
s101, placing an anchoring hole in a steel bar anchoring plate with an upward opening, and filling a high-density polystyrene board into the anchoring hole to fill the anchoring hole;
s102, pouring a molten polystyrene solution into the anchoring hole until the anchoring hole is completely filled;
s103, inserting guide rods into the high-density polystyrene boards filled in the anchoring holes along the vertical direction, wherein the top surfaces of the guide rods protrude out of the upper surfaces of the anchoring holes.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in step S200, the positioning process specifically includes:
s201, mounting distribution ribs on a substrate to construct a main body frame;
s202, installing a steel bar anchoring plate at a preset position of the steel bar anchoring plate in the distribution rib on the main body frame;
s203, fixedly arranging additional steel bars on the plurality of distribution ribs, clamping the steel bar anchoring plates, and positioning the steel bar anchoring plates.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the steel bar anchoring plate at least comprises a plate body and a plurality of anchoring holes arranged on the same end face of the plate body; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
and positioning grooves matched with part of outer side walls of the additional reinforcing steel bars are formed on two end surfaces and at least one side surface of the plate body in a concave mode.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S200, after the concrete is poured, the guide rod portion protrudes to be located outside the poured concrete;
and the guide stick extends from the middle part of the anchoring hole along the axial direction of the anchoring hole.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S300, the method for removing the filler specifically includes:
s301, crushing the concrete in the circumferential direction of the guide rod by taking the guide rod as a center until at least part of the concrete is exposed out of the anchoring hole, wherein the crushing radius is not larger than the radius of the anchoring hole;
s302, prying out the high-density polystyrene board filled in the anchoring hole by using a through bar;
s303, blowing and washing the anchoring hole by high-pressure air until no high-density polystyrene board is arranged in the anchoring hole.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S300, the method for removing the filler specifically includes:
s301, crushing the concrete in the circumferential direction of the guide rod by taking the guide rod as a center until at least part of the concrete is exposed out of the anchoring hole, wherein the crushing radius is not larger than the radius of the anchoring hole;
s302, taking out the high-density polystyrene board filled in the anchoring hole and condensing the polystyrene board into solid polystyrene;
s303, adding a dissolving solution into the anchoring hole to dissolve the polystyrene until no polystyrene exists in the inner wall of the anchoring hole.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in step S302, after a part of the high-density polystyrene board and polystyrene condensed into solid are taken out by using a take-out mold, the inside of the anchoring hole is cleaned again; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the taking-out die comprises a rod sleeve matched with the guide rod and a cutting barrel body which is arranged outside the rod sleeve in a sliding mode along the vertical direction, wherein the bottom surface of the cutting barrel body is a cutting edge, the inner portion of the cutting edge is hollow, and the diameter of the cutting barrel body is not larger than the minimum inner diameter of the anchoring hole.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the maximum length of the sliding movement of the cutting barrel body in the vertical direction along the rod sleeve is not less than the length of the anchoring hole in the axial direction.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dissolution liquid is prepared from toluene, xylene, tetrachloroethane and chloroform in a ratio of 1: 0.2-0.5:1-2:0.3-0.6 by volume ratio.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1) the anchoring holes are filled with the filler, so that the anchoring holes cannot be blocked in the concrete pouring process, the filler in the anchoring holes is cleaned after the later pouring is finished, and the constructional steel bars are screwed in, so that the manual hole opening is not needed, the construction process is simplified, the manual effect is saved, and the verticality of the screwed constructional steel bars is ensured;
2) the steel bar anchoring plate is positioned before pouring, so that the steel bar anchoring plate is directly embedded in concrete after pouring, the stability of the steel bar anchoring plate after pouring is ensured, and the stability and firmness of the twisted constructional steel bar are further ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for constructing a steel bar without embedding bars in a secondary structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a reinforcing steel bar anchoring plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a mold removal device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a plate body; 2-anchoring holes; 3-positioning a groove; 4-a rod sleeve; and 5, cutting the barrel body.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for constructing a steel bar without planting bars in a secondary structure, which comprises the following steps:
s100, pretreatment of the steel bar anchoring plate: filling fillers into the anchoring holes 2 on the steel bar anchoring plate;
s200, processing of a main body structure: positioning the pretreated reinforcing steel bar anchoring plate on a beam plate, and pouring concrete to form a main body structure;
s300, remachining the steel bar anchoring plate: finding out the position where the reinforcing steel bar anchoring plate is positioned on the main structure, drilling inwards until the anchoring hole 2 is partially or completely exposed, and removing the filler in the anchoring hole 2;
s400, embedding of the construction steel bars: and screwing construction steel bars into the anchoring holes 2.
Meanwhile, the filling materials are filled in the anchoring holes 2 in advance, so that the thickness and other parameters of the whole structure can be preset, and the thickness of the concrete protective layer poured in the later period can meet the standard requirement.
Meanwhile, the structure of the construction steel bar can adopt a structure arrangement which can be understood by a person skilled in the art, for example, the construction steel bar can be preferably made by adopting a steel bar rib stripping and rolling straight thread threading technology, and after a protection measure is made for the construction steel bar, the steel bar is screwed into the anchoring hole 2 according to the requirements of construction specifications.
Of course, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to enable the anchor hole 2 to be effectively filled and facilitate cleaning of the filler in the anchor hole 2 at a later stage, in step S100, the filling method specifically includes:
s101, placing an anchoring hole 2 in a steel bar anchoring plate with an upward opening, and filling the anchoring hole 2 with a high-density polystyrene board by plugging the anchoring hole 2;
s102, pouring a molten polystyrene solution into the anchoring hole 2 until the anchoring hole 2 is completely filled;
s103, inserting guide rods into the high-density polystyrene boards filled in the anchoring holes 2 along the vertical direction, wherein the top surfaces of the guide rods protrude out of the upper surfaces of the anchoring holes 2. Of course, it should be noted that S102 is optionally not operated, and only the high-density polystyrene board is used to fill the anchorage holes 2 in the steel bar anchorage plate.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S200, the positioning process specifically includes:
s201, mounting distribution ribs on a substrate to construct a main body frame;
s202, installing a steel bar anchoring plate at a preset position of the steel bar anchoring plate in the distribution rib on the main body frame;
s203, fixedly arranging additional steel bars on the plurality of distribution ribs, clamping the steel bar anchoring plates, and positioning the steel bar anchoring plates.
Through the concrete injecing of above-mentioned location process, can establish the basis of accomplishing at main body frame, make clear of the preset position of reinforcing bar anchor board to with reinforcing bar anchor board establish in advance on its position that should set up, further carry out further position through additional reinforcing bar to reinforcing bar anchor board again and inject, realize reinforcing bar anchor board's stable setting.
In a more preferred embodiment, in order to enable a further stable connection between the steel bar anchoring plate and the additional steel bars, as shown in fig. 2, the steel bar anchoring plate at least comprises a plate body 1 and a plurality of anchoring holes 2 arranged on the same end surface of the plate body 1; and, the two end surfaces and at least one side surface of the plate body 1 are concavely provided with positioning grooves 3 matched with partial outer side walls of the additional reinforcing steel bars. Through this setting, will set up the reinforcing bar anchor plate on the distribution muscle originally and further carry out the block through the mode that lateral surface and additional reinforcement agree with, make its position more fasten. Of course, here, by forming the recessed positioning grooves 3 on both end faces and at least one side face of the plate body 1, a stable snap-fit arrangement of the entire structure is achieved. It is to be noted that the end faces are understood to be the top and bottom faces of the panel body 1, while the plurality of anchoring holes 2 are all provided on the same end face, i.e. the plurality of anchoring holes 2 are not all provided on the bottom face, not all provided on the top face, while the side provided with the anchoring holes 2 is directed towards the outer side face, i.e. towards the surface of the building after concrete pouring.
In a further preferred embodiment, in order to find the position of the anchoring hole 2 more conveniently, it is not necessary to compare and search the position one by one according to the drawing, so as to reduce the error of the searching process, in step S200, after the concrete is poured, the guide rod part protrudes and is located outside the poured concrete;
and the guide stick extends from the middle part of the anchoring hole 2 along the axial direction of the anchoring hole 2.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S300, the method for removing the filling material specifically includes:
s301, breaking the concrete in the circumferential direction of the guide rod by taking the guide rod as a center until at least part of the concrete is exposed out of the anchoring hole 2, wherein the breaking radius is not larger than the radius of the anchoring hole 2;
s302, prying out the high-density polystyrene board filled in the anchoring hole 2 by using a through bar;
s303, blowing and washing the anchoring hole 2 by high-pressure air until no high-density polystyrene board is arranged in the anchoring hole 2.
Of course, the material of the poker may be selected accordingly according to the actual situation, for example, it may be selected to be a ferrous material, and of course, other suitable material types may also be used herein.
In another preferred embodiment, in step S300, the method for removing the filling material specifically includes:
s301, breaking the concrete in the circumferential direction of the guide rod by taking the guide rod as a center until at least part of the concrete is exposed out of the anchoring hole 2, wherein the breaking radius is not larger than the radius of the anchoring hole 2;
s302, taking out the high-density polystyrene board filled in the anchoring hole 2 and condensing the polystyrene board into solid polystyrene;
s303, adding a dissolving solution into the anchoring hole 2 to dissolve polystyrene until no polystyrene exists in the inner wall of the anchoring hole 2.
In a further preferred embodiment, in order to improve the cleaning effect on the filling material, in step S302, after a part of the high-density polystyrene board and the polystyrene condensed into a solid state are removed by using the removing mold, the inside of the anchoring hole 2 is cleaned again; and, as shown in fig. 3, the taking-out mold comprises a rod sleeve 4 fitted with the guide rod, and a cutting barrel body 5 which is slidably disposed outside the rod sleeve 4 in the vertical direction, has a bottom surface formed as a cutting edge, and is hollow inside, and the diameter of the cutting barrel body 5 is not greater than the minimum inner diameter of the anchoring hole 2. Of course, the rod sleeve 4 is hollow inside, and the structure and the shape of the hollow inside are consistent with the outer surface of the guide rod, so that the rod sleeve 4 can be sleeved on the outer surface of the guide rod, on the basis, the cutting barrel body 5 slides along the vertical direction, the cutting between the cutting edge at the bottom of the rod sleeve and the filler is realized, and the filler is taken out after the cutting is finished. Certainly, in order to facilitate the filler at the bottom to be easily separated from the anchoring hole 2, a layer of diaphragm can be paved at the bottom of the anchoring hole 2 before filling, and the paving of the diaphragm does not affect the whole filling effect because the bottom of the anchoring hole 2 is smooth.
In a further preferred embodiment, the maximum length of the sliding movement of the cutting barrel body 5 in the vertical direction along the rod sleeve 4 is not less than the length of the anchoring hole 2 in the axial direction.
Of course, in order to enhance the cleaning effect of the filler remaining in the anchor holes 2, in a more preferred embodiment, the dissolving solution is prepared from toluene, xylene, tetrachloroethane and chloroform in a ratio of 1: 0.2-0.5:1-2:0.3-0.6 by volume ratio.
Further, after the constructional steel bar is screwed in, marking can be made on the constructional steel bar so as to check whether the length of the screw head entering the anchoring hole 2 meets the requirement; and performing a connection test on the joint between the steel bar anchoring plate and the constructional steel bar according to the construction specification, and performing a drawing test on the constructional steel bar.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for constructing a steel bar without planting bars in a secondary structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, pretreatment of the steel bar anchoring plate: filling fillers into the anchoring holes (2) on the steel bar anchoring plate;
s200, processing of a main body structure: positioning the pretreated reinforcing steel bar anchoring plate on a beam plate, and pouring concrete to form a main body structure;
s300, remachining the steel bar anchoring plate: finding out the position where the reinforcing steel bar anchoring plate is positioned on the main structure, drilling inwards until the anchoring hole (2) is partially or completely exposed, and removing the filler in the anchoring hole (2);
s400, embedding of the construction steel bars: screwing construction steel bars into the anchoring holes (2);
in step S100, the filling method specifically includes:
s101, placing an anchoring hole (2) in a steel bar anchoring plate with an upward opening, and filling a high-density polystyrene board into the anchoring hole (2) to fill the anchoring hole (2);
s102, pouring a molten polystyrene solution into the anchoring hole (2) until the anchoring hole (2) is completely filled;
s103, inserting a guide rod into the high-density polystyrene board filled in the anchoring hole (2) along the vertical direction, wherein the top surface of the guide rod protrudes out of the upper surface of the anchoring hole (2).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S200, the positioning process specifically comprises:
s201, mounting distribution ribs on a substrate to construct a main body frame;
s202, installing a steel bar anchoring plate at a preset position of the steel bar anchoring plate in the distribution rib on the main body frame;
s203, fixedly arranging additional steel bars on the plurality of distribution ribs, clamping the steel bar anchoring plates, and positioning the steel bar anchoring plates.
3. The method for constructing the steel bar planting-free structure for the secondary structure according to the claim 2, wherein the steel bar anchoring plate at least comprises a plate body (1) and a plurality of anchoring holes (2) arranged on the same end surface of the plate body (1); and the number of the first and second electrodes,
and positioning grooves (3) matched with partial outer side walls of the additional reinforcing steel bars are formed in the two end surfaces and at least one side surface of the plate body (1) in a concave mode.
4. The method for constructing a secondary structure without planting reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein the guide rods partially protrude outside the concrete after the concrete is poured in step S200;
and the guide stick extends from the middle part of the anchoring hole (2) along the axial direction of the anchoring hole (2).
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the removing of the filler in step S300 specifically comprises:
s301, crushing the concrete in the circumferential direction of the guide rod by taking the guide rod as a center until at least part of the concrete is exposed out of the anchoring hole (2), wherein the crushing radius is not larger than the radius of the anchoring hole (2);
s302, prying out the high-density polystyrene board filled in the anchoring hole (2) by using a through bar;
s303, blowing and washing the anchoring hole (2) by high-pressure air until no high-density polystyrene board is arranged in the anchoring hole (2).
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the removing of the filler in step S300 specifically comprises:
s301, crushing the concrete in the circumferential direction of the guide rod by taking the guide rod as a center until at least part of the concrete is exposed out of the anchoring hole (2), wherein the crushing radius is not larger than the radius of the anchoring hole (2);
s302, taking out the high-density polystyrene board filled in the anchoring hole (2) and condensing the polystyrene board into solid polystyrene;
s303, adding a dissolving solution into the anchoring hole (2) to dissolve the polystyrene until no polystyrene exists in the inner wall of the anchoring hole (2).
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in step S302, after a part of the high-density polystyrene board and the polystyrene condensed into solid are removed by using the removing mold, the inside of the anchoring hole (2) is cleaned again; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the taking-out die comprises a rod sleeve (4) matched with the guide rod and a cutting barrel body (5) which is arranged outside the rod sleeve (4) in a sliding mode along the vertical direction, the bottom surface of the cutting barrel body is formed into a cutting edge, the inner portion of the cutting blade is hollow, and the diameter of the cutting barrel body (5) is not larger than the minimum inner diameter of the anchoring hole (2).
8. A method of secondary structural construction steel bar planting-free according to claim 7, characterized in that the maximum length of the sliding movement of the cutting barrel (5) along the rod sleeve (4) in the vertical direction is not less than the length of the anchoring hole (2) in the axial direction.
9. The method for constructing a steel bar without planting bars in a secondary structure according to claim 6, wherein the dissolving solution is prepared from toluene, xylene, tetrachloroethane and chloroform according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.2-0.5:1-2:0.3-0.6 by volume ratio.
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| CN201911314868.8A CN111021768B (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2019-12-19 | Method for constructing steel bar without planting bar in secondary structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911314868.8A CN111021768B (en) | 2019-12-19 | 2019-12-19 | Method for constructing steel bar without planting bar in secondary structure |
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| CN111021768B true CN111021768B (en) | 2021-03-12 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202131676U (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-02-01 | 陈绪褚 | Quake-proof steel tie bar embedded part |
| CN102943490A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-02-27 | 天津天一建设集团有限公司 | Underground diaphragm wall embedded beam slab steel bar straight thread bar anchoring structure and construction method thereof |
| CN103015735A (en) * | 2012-12-16 | 2013-04-03 | 中建六局土木工程有限公司 | Construction method for planting wall lacing bars after pre-burying of sleeve assemblies |
| CN103255840A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-08-21 | 江苏省华建建设股份有限公司 | Combined built-in fitting for concrete walls and column tie bars and installation construction method thereof |
| CN207484702U (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-06-12 | 中交二航局第二工程有限公司 | Embedded parts positioning device |
-
2019
- 2019-12-19 CN CN201911314868.8A patent/CN111021768B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202131676U (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-02-01 | 陈绪褚 | Quake-proof steel tie bar embedded part |
| CN102943490A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-02-27 | 天津天一建设集团有限公司 | Underground diaphragm wall embedded beam slab steel bar straight thread bar anchoring structure and construction method thereof |
| CN103015735A (en) * | 2012-12-16 | 2013-04-03 | 中建六局土木工程有限公司 | Construction method for planting wall lacing bars after pre-burying of sleeve assemblies |
| CN103255840A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-08-21 | 江苏省华建建设股份有限公司 | Combined built-in fitting for concrete walls and column tie bars and installation construction method thereof |
| CN207484702U (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-06-12 | 中交二航局第二工程有限公司 | Embedded parts positioning device |
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