CN111021155A - Enhanced nano heat-insulating felt and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Enhanced nano heat-insulating felt and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an enhanced nano heat-insulating felt and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the nano heat-insulating felt comprises organic enhanced fibers, inorganic refractory fibers, inorganic nano powder and hydroxyapatite nanowires; the organic reinforced fiber is selected from one or more of aliphatic polyimide fiber, semi-aromatic polyimide fiber, full para-aramid copolymer fiber, full meta-aramid fiber and meta-aramid copolymer fiber containing methyl substituent and the like; the organic reinforced fibers account for 10-30% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt. According to the invention, the organic reinforced fiber is mixed with the inorganic refractory fiber and the inorganic refractory powder, and the hydroxyapatite nanowire is introduced into the mixture as a cross-linking agent, so that the fiber and the powder are fully and uniformly compounded, and the nano heat-insulating felt has better tensile property. And also has better heat insulation performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat-insulating felts, and particularly relates to an enhanced nano heat-insulating felt and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The common nanometer heat-insulating felt generally takes a glass fiber needled felt or a ceramic fiber needled felt as a base material, and is compounded with a silicon dioxide material, wherein the glass fiber needled felt or the ceramic fiber needled felt comprises precipitated white carbon black, fumed silica, micro silicon powder and the like, the heat-insulating effect is still good, but the mechanical property is poor, the nano heat-insulating felt is easy to deform and break in the transportation and use process, the use effect is influenced, and the nano heat-insulating felt is severely limited to be used in high-strength heat-insulating fields such as new energy automobiles, rail transit, aerospace vehicles and.
The existing silica nanometer heat-insulating felt takes a fiber blanket as a base material, and the structure ensures that the nanometer heat-insulating felt has lower mechanical strength, is easy to deform and break in the transportation and use process, influences the use effect, and is seriously limited in the high-strength heat-insulating field of new energy automobiles, rail transit, aerospace aircrafts and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an enhanced nano thermal insulation felt, and a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the thermal insulation felt has a good tensile strength.
The invention provides an enhanced nano heat-insulating felt, which comprises organic enhanced fibers, inorganic refractory fibers, inorganic nano powder and hydroxyapatite nanowires;
the organic reinforced fiber is selected from one or more of aliphatic polyimide fiber, semi-aromatic polyimide fiber, full para-aramid copolymer fiber, full meta-aramid fiber and meta-aramid copolymer fiber containing methyl substituent and the like;
the organic reinforced fibers account for 10-30% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt.
Preferably, the diameter of the organic reinforced fiber is 5-20 microns, and the length of the organic reinforced fiber is 0.1-5 mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the hydroxyapatite nanowire is 5-100 nanometers, and the length of the hydroxyapatite nanowire is 30-1200 micrometers;
the hydroxyapatite nanowire accounts for 1-15% of the heat-insulating felt by mass.
Preferably, the inorganic refractory fibers are selected from one or more of glass fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, magnesium silicate fibers, high silica fibers, quartz fibers, alumina fibers, and carbon fibers;
the inorganic refractory fibers account for 50-70% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt;
the length of the inorganic refractory fiber is 0.1-3 mm.
Preferably, the length-diameter ratio of the glass fiber is 125-800; the length-diameter ratio of the aluminum silicate fibers is 300-1500; the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium silicate fibers is 300-2000; the length-diameter ratio of the high silica fibers is 250-2000; the length-diameter ratio of the quartz fibers is 1000-4000; the length-diameter ratio of the alumina fiber is 125-1300; the length-diameter ratio of the carbon fiber is 60-300.
Preferably, the inorganic nano powder is selected from one or more of nano silicon oxide, nano titanium oxide, nano zirconium silicate, potassium hexatitanate whisker, superfine aluminum oxide powder, superfine aluminum hydroxide powder, carbon black, silicon carbide and silicon nitride;
the inorganic nano powder accounts for 2-20% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt.
Preferably, a hydrophobic material is also included; the hydrophobic material is hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion; the oil content of the hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion is more than or equal to 28 wt%, and the hydrogen content is 1.5-2.5 wt%.
The invention provides a preparation method of an enhanced nano heat insulation felt in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
fully dispersing water, a surfactant, an organic binder, organic reinforcing fibers, inorganic refractory fibers, hydroxyapatite nanowires and inorganic nano powder to obtain slurry;
carrying out suction filtration on the slurry to obtain a wet blank;
and drying the wet blank for the first time, calcining, performing hydrophobic treatment and then drying for the second time to obtain the enhanced nano heat insulation felt.
Preferably, the primary drying mode is selected from hot air drying or microwave drying; the hot air drying temperature is 120-180 ℃ during primary drying, and the time is 10-18 h; the microwave drying is carried out at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 5-12 h during primary drying;
the calcining temperature is 450-650 ℃, and the calcining time is 0.5-3 h;
the secondary drying mode is selected from hot air drying or microwave drying, and the temperature of hot air drying is 80-120 ℃ during secondary drying, and the time is 2-5 h; and during secondary drying, microwave drying is adopted at the temperature of 70-110 ℃ for 1-3 h.
Preferably, the water: surfactant (b): organic binder: (organic reinforcing fiber + inorganic refractory fiber): inorganic nano-powder: the mass ratio of the hydroxyapatite nano-wire is 100: 0.01-0.2: 2-5: 1-3: 0.01-1: 0.01 to 0.75.
The invention provides an application of the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt in the technical scheme or the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in a high-strength heat-insulating material.
The invention provides an enhanced nano heat-insulating felt, which comprises organic enhanced fibers, inorganic refractory fibers, inorganic nano powder and hydroxyapatite nanowires; the organic reinforced fiber is selected from one or more of aliphatic polyimide fiber, semi-aromatic polyimide fiber, full para-aramid copolymer fiber, full meta-aramid fiber and meta-aramid copolymer fiber containing methyl substituent and the like; the organic reinforced fibers account for 10-30% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt. According to the invention, the organic reinforced fiber is mixed with the inorganic refractory fiber and the inorganic refractory powder, and the hydroxyapatite nanowire is introduced into the mixture as a cross-linking agent, so that the fiber and the powder are fully and uniformly compounded, and the nano heat-insulating felt has better tensile property. And also has better heat insulation performance. The experimental results show that: the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt provided by the invention has an average thermal conductivity coefficient of less than 0.09W/(m.k) at 500 ℃; tensile strength >11 MPa.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an enhanced nano heat-insulating felt, which comprises organic enhanced fibers, inorganic refractory fibers, inorganic nano powder and hydroxyapatite nanowires;
the organic reinforced fiber is selected from one or more of aliphatic polyimide fiber, semi-aromatic polyimide fiber, full para-aramid copolymer fiber, full meta-aramid fiber and meta-aramid copolymer fiber containing methyl substituent and the like;
the organic reinforced fibers account for 10-30% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt.
According to the invention, the organic reinforced fiber is mixed with the inorganic refractory fiber and the inorganic refractory powder, and the hydroxyapatite nanowire is introduced into the mixture as a cross-linking agent, so that the fiber and the powder are fully and uniformly compounded, and the nano heat-insulating felt has better tensile property. And also has better heat insulation performance.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt provided by the invention comprises organic enhanced fibers; the organic reinforced fiber is selected from one or more of aliphatic polyimide fiber, semi-aromatic polyimide fiber, full para-aramid copolymer fiber, full meta-aramid fiber and meta-aramid copolymer fiber containing methyl substituent, and is more preferably selected from one or more of full meta-aramid fiber, aromatic polyimide fiber and full para-aramid copolymer fiber. The organic reinforced fibers account for 10-30% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt. The diameter of the organic reinforced fiber is preferably 5-20 micrometers, and the length of the organic reinforced fiber is 0.1-5 millimeters. In a specific embodiment, the organic reinforcing fiber is specifically an aromatic polyimide fiber with a length of 4.5 mm and a diameter of 12 micrometers; a fully para-aramid copolymer fiber having a length of 4.5 millimeters and a diameter of 12 micrometers; or all-meta-aramid fiber having a length of 4.5 millimeters and a diameter of 12 microns.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt provided by the invention comprises inorganic refractory fibers; the inorganic refractory fiber is preferably selected from one or more of glass fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, magnesium silicate fiber, high silica fiber, quartz fiber, alumina fiber and carbon fiber; the inorganic refractory fiber preferably accounts for 50-70% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt. The length of the inorganic refractory fiber is 0.1-3 mm, and the length-diameter ratio of the glass fiber is 125-800; the length-diameter ratio of the aluminum silicate fibers is 300-1500; the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium silicate fibers is 300-2000; the length-diameter ratio of the high silica fibers is 250-2000; the length-diameter ratio of the quartz fiber is 1000-4000, and the length-diameter ratio of the alumina fiber is 125-1300; the length-diameter ratio of the carbon fiber is 60-300. In a specific embodiment, the inorganic refractory fibers are selected from aluminum silicate fibers with a length of 2 millimeters and an aspect ratio of 1000; high silica fibers having a length of 2 millimeters and an aspect ratio of 1500; alumina fibers having a length of 2 millimeters and a length-to-diameter ratio of 1000; carbon fibers having a length of 2 mm and an aspect ratio of 200; or alumina silicate fibers having a length of 2 mm and an aspect ratio of 1000.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt provided by the invention comprises inorganic nano powder. The inorganic nano powder is preferably selected from one or more of nano silicon oxide, nano titanium oxide, nano zirconium silicate, potassium hexatitanate whisker, superfine aluminum oxide powder, superfine aluminum hydroxide powder, carbon black, silicon carbide and silicon nitride. The inorganic nano powder accounts for 2-20% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt. In a specific embodiment, the inorganic nanopowder is one or more of silicon nitride, potassium hexatitanate whisker and silicon carbide.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt provided by the invention comprises hydroxyapatite nanowires. The diameter of the hydroxyapatite nanowire is preferably 5-100 nanometers, and the length of the hydroxyapatite nanowire is preferably 30-1200 micrometers. The hydroxyapatite nanowire accounts for 1-15% of the heat-insulating felt by mass. In a specific embodiment, the hydroxyapatite nanowire is selected from hydroxyapatite nanowires with the length of 900 micrometers and the diameter of 40 nanometers; hydroxyapatite nano-wires with the length of 900 microns and the diameter of 40 nanometers; hydroxyapatite nano-wires with the length of 900 microns and the diameter of 40 nanometers; hydroxyapatite nano-wires with the length of 900 microns and the diameter of 40 nanometers; or hydroxyapatite nanowires with a length of 900 microns and a diameter of 40 nanometers.
The enhanced nano heat insulation felt provided by the invention preferably further comprises a hydrophobic material; the hydrophobic material is hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion; the oil content of the hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion is more than or equal to 28%, and the hydrogen content is 1.5-2.5%.
The invention provides a preparation method of the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
fully dispersing water, a surfactant, an organic binder, organic reinforcing fibers, inorganic refractory fibers, hydroxyapatite nanowires and inorganic nano powder to obtain slurry;
carrying out suction filtration on the slurry to obtain a wet blank;
and drying the wet blank for the first time, calcining, performing hydrophobic treatment and then drying for the second time to obtain the enhanced nano heat insulation felt.
The invention fully disperses water, surfactant, organic binder, organic reinforced fiber, inorganic refractory fiber and inorganic nano powder to obtain the slurry. In the present invention, the water: surfactant (b): organic binder: (organic reinforcing fiber + inorganic refractory fiber): inorganic nano-powder: the mass ratio of the hydroxyapatite nano-wire is 100: 0.01-0.2: 2-5: 1-3: 0.01-1: 0.01 to 0.75.
The mass ratio of the organic reinforcing fibers to the inorganic refractory fibers is 1-3: 5-7.
In the present invention, the surfactant is preferably selected from one or more of alkyltrimethylammonium, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, alkyldimethylbetaine, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, alkyldimethylamine oxide, glycerol fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetraoleate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, higher fatty acid alcohol ester, and polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester. In a specific embodiment, the surfactant is specifically a sorbitan fatty acid ester.
The organic binder is preferably selected from aqueous acrylic emulsion, including one or more of pure acrylic emulsion, silicone acrylic emulsion, styrene acrylic emulsion and vinyl acetate acrylic emulsion.
After the slurry is obtained, the slurry is filtered to obtain a wet blank. According to the invention, the slurry is preferably subjected to suction filtration in a vacuum suction filtration mode; the vacuum degree of the vacuum suction filtration is preferably-0.05 to-0.1 MPa, and more preferably-0.095 MPa; the time of vacuum suction filtration is preferably 1-20 s, and more preferably 10 s. And (4) carrying out suction filtration to ensure that the fiber and the powder are uniformly compounded. After suction filtration, surface leveling and thickness fixing are carried out on the wet blank; the thickness of the wet blank is preferably 6-15 mm, and more preferably 10 mm.
After a wet blank is obtained, the wet blank is dried for the first time, calcined, subjected to hydrophobic treatment and then dried for the second time, and the enhanced nano heat insulation felt is obtained. In the present invention, the primary drying manner is preferably selected from hot air drying or microwave drying; the temperature for drying by hot air in the primary drying is preferably 120-180 ℃, and more preferably 150 ℃; the time is preferably 10 to 18 hours, and more preferably 12 hours. The temperature of microwave drying during primary drying is preferably 120-160 ℃, and more preferably 130 ℃; the time is preferably 5 to 12 hours, and more preferably 10 hours.
The calcination temperature is preferably 450-650 ℃, and more preferably 550 ℃; the calcination time is preferably 0.5-3 h, and more preferably 1.5 h;
the secondary drying mode is preferably selected from hot air drying or microwave drying, and the temperature of hot air drying during secondary drying is preferably 80-120 ℃, and more preferably 110 ℃; the time is preferably 2 to 5 hours, and more preferably 3 hours. The temperature for drying by microwave during secondary drying is preferably 70-110 ℃, and more preferably 100 ℃; the time is preferably 1 to 3 hours, and more preferably 2 hours.
The hydrophobic treatment is preferably performed by spraying a hydrophobic agent; the hydrophobic agent is preferably hydrogen-containing silicone oil; the oil content of the hydrogen-containing silicone oil is more than or equal to 28 wt%, and the hydrogen content is 1.5-2.5 wt%. The hydrophobic agent is preferably diluted and then sprayed; the volume ratio of the water repellent agent to the diluent is preferably 1: 1-5, and more preferably 1: 3.
The invention provides an application of the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt in the technical scheme or the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in a high-strength heat-insulating material.
The invention adopts YB/T4130-2005 to test the heat conductivity coefficient of the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt;
the tensile strength of the reinforced nanometer heat-insulating felt is tested by adopting a method specified in chapter 9 of GB/T17911-2006.
In order to further illustrate the invention, the reinforced nano heat insulation felt and the preparation method and application thereof provided by the invention are described in detail below with reference to the examples, but the reinforced nano heat insulation felt and the preparation method and application thereof are not to be construed as limiting the protection scope of the invention.
Example 1
Weighing 3636g of water, pouring the water into a beaker, starting stirring, sequentially adding 0.55g of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 127.3g of pure acrylic emulsion, stirring for 5min, then adding 15g of aromatic polyimide fiber with the length of 4.5 mm and the diameter of 12 microns, 65g of aluminum silicate fiber with the length of 2 mm and the length-diameter ratio of 1000, 7g of potassium hexatitanate whisker and 13g of hydroxyapatite nanowire with the length of 900 microns and the diameter of 40 nanometers, and stirring and dispersing at high speed for 30min to form stable suspension slurry; performing suction filtration on the slurry in a vacuum suction filtration mode, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, and the suction filtration time is 10s, so as to obtain a wet blank with uniformly compounded fibers and powder; then the wet embryo after suction filtration is placed on a leveling machine for surface leveling and the thickness is set to be 10 mm; drying the wet blank with a fixed thickness in a forced air drying oven at 150 ℃ for 12 h; after drying, putting the composite felt body into a muffle furnace to calcine for 1.5h at 550 ℃; diluting the hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water according to the volume ratio of 1:3, spraying the diluted hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water onto the surface of the calcined composite felt, and drying the composite felt in a blast drying oven at 110 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention has an average heat conductivity coefficient of 0.088W/(m.k) at 500 ℃ and a tensile strength of 11.5 MPa.
Example 2
Weighing 3636g of water, pouring the water into a beaker, starting stirring, sequentially adding 0.55g of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 127.3g of pure acrylic emulsion, stirring for 5min, then adding 15g of full para-aramid copolymer fiber with the length of 4.5 mm and the diameter of 12 microns, 65g of carbon fiber with the length of 2 mm, the length-diameter ratio of 200, 7g of potassium hexatitanate whisker and 13g of hydroxyapatite nanowire with the length of 900 microns and the diameter of 40 nanometers, and stirring and dispersing at high speed for 30min to form stable suspension slurry; performing suction filtration on the slurry in a vacuum suction filtration mode, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, and the suction filtration time is 10s, so as to obtain a wet blank with uniformly compounded fibers and powder; then the wet embryo after suction filtration is placed on a leveling machine for surface leveling and the thickness is set to be 10 mm; drying the wet blank with a fixed thickness in a forced air drying oven at 150 ℃ for 12 h; after drying, putting the composite felt body into a muffle furnace to calcine for 1.5h at 550 ℃; diluting the hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water according to the volume ratio of 1:3, spraying the diluted hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water onto the surface of the calcined composite felt, and drying the composite felt in a blast drying oven at 110 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention has an average heat conductivity coefficient of 0.085W/(m.k) at 500 ℃ and a tensile strength of 15.5 MPa.
Example 3
Weighing 3636g of water, pouring the water into a beaker, starting stirring, sequentially adding 0.55g of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 127.3g of pure acrylic emulsion, stirring for 5min, then adding 15g of full para-aramid copolymer fiber with the length of 4.5 mm and the diameter of 12 microns, 65g of alumina fiber with the length of 2 mm and the length-diameter ratio of 1000, 7g of silicon nitride, 13g of hydroxyapatite nanowire with the length of 900 microns and the diameter of 40 nanometers, and stirring and dispersing at high speed for 30min to form stable suspension slurry; performing suction filtration on the slurry in a vacuum suction filtration mode, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, and the suction filtration time is 10s, so as to obtain a wet blank with uniformly compounded fibers and powder; then the wet embryo after suction filtration is placed on a leveling machine for surface leveling and the thickness is set to be 10 mm; drying the wet blank with a fixed thickness in a forced air drying oven at 150 ℃ for 12 h; after drying, putting the composite felt body into a muffle furnace to calcine for 1.5h at 550 ℃; diluting the hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water according to the volume ratio of 1:3, spraying the diluted hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water onto the surface of the calcined composite felt, and drying the composite felt in a blast drying oven at 110 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention has an average heat conductivity coefficient of 0.086W/(m.k) at 500 ℃ and a tensile strength of 13.6 MPa.
Example 4
Weighing 3636g of water, pouring the water into a beaker, starting stirring, sequentially adding 0.55g of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 127.3g of pure acrylic emulsion, stirring for 5min, then adding 15g of aromatic polyimide fiber with the length of 4.5 mm and the diameter of 12 microns, 65g of high silica fiber with the length of 2 mm and the length-diameter ratio of 1500, 7g of silicon carbide and 13g of hydroxyapatite nanowire with the length of 900 microns and the diameter of 40 nanometers, and stirring and dispersing at a high speed for 30min to form stable suspension slurry; performing suction filtration on the slurry in a vacuum suction filtration mode, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, and the suction filtration time is 10s, so as to obtain a wet blank with uniformly compounded fibers and powder; then the wet embryo after suction filtration is placed on a leveling machine for surface leveling and the thickness is set to be 10 mm; drying the wet blank with a fixed thickness in a forced air drying oven at 150 ℃ for 12 h; after drying, putting the composite felt body into a muffle furnace to calcine for 1.5h at 550 ℃; diluting the hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water according to the volume ratio of 1:3, spraying the diluted hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water onto the surface of the calcined composite felt, and drying the composite felt in a blast drying oven at 110 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention has an average heat conductivity coefficient of 0.089W/(m.k) at 500 ℃ and a tensile strength of 12.8 MPa.
Example 5
Weighing 3636g of water, pouring the water into a beaker, starting stirring, sequentially adding 0.55g of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 127.3g of pure acrylic emulsion, stirring for 5min, then adding 15g of full meta-aramid fiber with the length of 4.5 mm and the diameter of 12 microns, 65g of aluminum silicate fiber with the length of 2 mm and the length-diameter ratio of 1000, 7g of potassium hexatitanate whisker and 13g of hydroxyapatite nanowire with the length of 900 microns and the diameter of 40 nanometers, and stirring and dispersing at a high speed for 30min to form stable suspension slurry; performing suction filtration on the slurry in a vacuum suction filtration mode, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, and the suction filtration time is 10s, so as to obtain a wet blank with uniformly compounded fibers and powder; then the wet embryo after suction filtration is placed on a leveling machine for surface leveling and the thickness is set to be 10 mm; drying the wet blank with a fixed thickness in a forced air drying oven at 150 ℃ for 12 h; after drying, putting the composite felt body into a muffle furnace to calcine for 1.5h at 550 ℃; diluting the hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water according to the volume ratio of 1:3, spraying the diluted hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water onto the surface of the calcined composite felt, and drying the composite felt in a blast drying oven at 110 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt prepared in the embodiment 5 of the invention has an average thermal conductivity of 0.082W/(m.k) at 500 ℃ and a tensile strength of 10.5 MPa.
Comparative example 1
Weighing 3636g of water, pouring the water into a beaker, starting stirring, sequentially adding 0.55g of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 127.3g of pure acrylic emulsion, stirring for 5min, then adding 15g of polyethylene fiber with the length of 4.5 mm and the diameter of 8 microns, 65g of aluminum silicate fiber with the length of 2 mm and the length-diameter ratio of 1000, 7g of potassium hexatitanate whisker and 13g of hydroxyapatite nanowire with the length of 900 microns and the diameter of 40 nanometers, and stirring and dispersing at a high speed for 30min to form stable suspension slurry; performing suction filtration on the slurry in a vacuum suction filtration mode, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.095 MPa, and the suction filtration time is 10s, so as to obtain a wet blank with uniformly compounded fibers and powder; then the wet embryo after suction filtration is placed on a leveling machine for surface leveling and the thickness is set to be 10 mm; drying the wet blank with a fixed thickness in a forced air drying oven at 150 ℃ for 12 h; after drying, putting the composite felt body into a muffle furnace to calcine for 1.5h at 550 ℃; diluting the hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water according to the volume ratio of 1:3, spraying the diluted hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion and water onto the surface of the calcined composite felt, and drying the composite felt in a blast drying oven at 110 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt.
The enhanced nano heat-insulating felt prepared in the invention in the comparative example 1 has an average heat conductivity coefficient of 0.088W/(m.k) at 500 ℃ and a tensile strength of 7.2 MPa.
From the above embodiments, the invention provides an enhanced nano heat insulation felt, which comprises organic enhanced fibers, inorganic refractory fibers, inorganic nano powder and hydroxyapatite nanowires; the organic reinforced fiber is selected from one or more of aliphatic polyimide fiber, semi-aromatic polyimide fiber, full para-aramid copolymer fiber, full meta-aramid fiber and meta-aramid copolymer fiber containing methyl substituent and the like; the organic reinforced fibers account for 10-30% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt. According to the invention, the organic reinforced fiber is mixed with the inorganic refractory fiber and the inorganic refractory powder, and the hydroxyapatite nanowire is introduced into the mixture as a cross-linking agent, so that the fiber and the powder are fully and uniformly compounded, and the nano heat-insulating felt has better tensile property. And also has better heat insulation performance. The experimental results show that: the enhanced nano heat-insulating felt provided by the invention has an average heat conductivity coefficient of 0.085-0.089W/(m.k) at 500 ℃; the tensile strength is 11.5-15.5 MPa.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An enhanced nano heat-insulating felt comprises organic reinforced fibers, inorganic refractory fibers, inorganic nano powder and hydroxyapatite nanowires;
the organic reinforced fiber is selected from one or more of aliphatic polyimide fiber, semi-aromatic polyimide fiber, full para-aramid copolymer fiber, full meta-aramid fiber and meta-aramid copolymer fiber containing methyl substituent and the like;
the organic reinforced fibers account for 10-30% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt.
2. The reinforced nano heat insulation felt according to claim 1, wherein the organic reinforcing fibers have a diameter of 5 to 20 micrometers and a length of 0.1 to 5 millimeters;
the hydroxyapatite nanowire is 5-100 nanometers in diameter and 30-1200 micrometers in length;
the hydroxyapatite nanowire accounts for 1-15% of the heat-insulating felt by mass.
3. The reinforced nano insulation blanket of claim 1, wherein the inorganic refractory fibers are selected from one or more of glass fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, magnesium silicate fibers, high silica fibers, quartz fibers, alumina fibers, and carbon fibers;
the inorganic refractory fibers account for 50-70% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt;
the length of the inorganic refractory fiber is 0.1-3 mm.
4. The reinforced nano heat-insulating felt according to claim 3, wherein the aspect ratio of the glass fiber is 125 to 800; the length-diameter ratio of the aluminum silicate fibers is 300-1500; the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium silicate fibers is 300-2000; the length-diameter ratio of the high silica fibers is 250-2000; the length-diameter ratio of the quartz fibers is 1000-4000; the length-diameter ratio of the alumina fiber is 125-1300; the length-diameter ratio of the carbon fiber is 60-300.
5. The reinforced nano heat insulation felt according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic nanopowder is selected from one or more of nano silica, nano titania, nano zirconia, nano zirconium silicate, potassium hexatitanate whisker, ultrafine alumina powder, ultrafine aluminum hydroxide powder, carbon black, silicon carbide and silicon nitride;
the inorganic nano powder accounts for 2-20% of the mass of the heat-insulating felt.
6. The reinforced nano insulation blanket of claim 1 further comprising a hydrophobic material; the hydrophobic material is hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion; the oil content of the hydrogen-containing silicone oil emulsion is more than or equal to 28 wt%, and the hydrogen content is 1.5-2.5 wt%.
7. A method of making the reinforced nano insulation blanket of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
fully dispersing water, a surfactant, an organic binder, organic reinforcing fibers, inorganic refractory fibers, hydroxyapatite nanowires and inorganic nano powder to obtain slurry;
carrying out suction filtration on the slurry to obtain a wet blank;
and drying the wet blank for the first time, calcining, performing hydrophobic treatment and then drying for the second time to obtain the enhanced nano heat insulation felt.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the primary drying manner is selected from hot air drying or microwave drying; the hot air drying temperature is 120-180 ℃ during primary drying, and the time is 10-18 h; the microwave drying is carried out at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 5-12 h during primary drying;
the calcining temperature is 450-650 ℃, and the calcining time is 0.5-3 h;
the secondary drying mode is selected from hot air drying or microwave drying, and the temperature of hot air drying is 80-120 ℃ during secondary drying, and the time is 2-5 h; and during secondary drying, microwave drying is adopted at the temperature of 70-110 ℃ for 1-3 h.
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein the water: surfactant (b): organic binder: (organic reinforcing fiber + inorganic refractory fiber): inorganic nano-powder: the mass ratio of the hydroxyapatite nano-wire is 100: 0.01-0.2: 2-5: 1-3: 0.01-1: 0.01 to 0.75.
10. The application of the reinforced nano heat-insulating felt according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the reinforced nano heat-insulating felt prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in high-strength heat-insulating materials.
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