CN111020656A - Method for improving friction and wear performance of composite material - Google Patents
Method for improving friction and wear performance of composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111020656A CN111020656A CN201911073714.4A CN201911073714A CN111020656A CN 111020656 A CN111020656 A CN 111020656A CN 201911073714 A CN201911073714 A CN 201911073714A CN 111020656 A CN111020656 A CN 111020656A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- XSXHWVKGUXMUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Os]=O XSXHWVKGUXMUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011157 advanced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/10—Agitating of electrolytes; Moving of racks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/20—Electroplating using ultrasonics, vibrations
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the frictional wear performance of a composite material, belonging to the technical field of metal material processing; the method has simple preparation process, adopts alternating current pulse electrodeposition, takes a copper sheet or a stainless steel sheet as a cathode and takes pure nickel as an anode for deposition; the used instruments are common constant temperature water bath, pulse power supply, magnetic stirring, ultrasonic wave and the like, and the friction and wear performance of the obtained material is greatly improved compared with that of a pure nickel material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the frictional wear performance of a composite material, and belongs to the technical field of metal material processing.
Background
In practical engineering applications, many parts usually work under severe conditions of high speed, high temperature, high pressure, heavy load and the like, and the surfaces of the parts are subjected to strong abrasion and impact load for a long time to cause failure. In order to effectively reduce the wear of the material, prolong the working time of the material, reduce the industrial production cost and save resources, a certain treatment needs to be carried out on the workpiece to improve the wear resistance of the material. The carbon nanotube is a seamless hollow tube body rolled by graphene sheet layers; it has very high strength, toughness and elastic modulus, and is one ideal reinforcing material. The carbon nano tube reinforced metal matrix composite material is an advanced composite material developed in the last ten years and has good application potential in various fields.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the friction and wear performance of a composite material, which utilizes an electrodeposition process, adopts positive and negative pulse alternation, and takes pure nickel as an anode and a copper sheet or a stainless steel sheet as a cathode for electrodeposition; magnetic stirring and ultrasonic wave alternate treatment are utilized in the electrodeposition process to form a layer structure with a layer of large crystal grains and a layer of small crystal grains; meanwhile, the carbon nano tubes are dispersed more uniformly under the friction action of magnetic stirring and the cavitation action of ultrasonic waves; the method makes the composite material more wear-resistant while preparing the carbon nano tube reinforced nickel-based composite material, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the cathode and the anode for later use;
(2) preparing a basic plating solution, and adding the carbon nano tube into the basic plating solution according to the proportion of 0.2-2 g/L for later use;
(3) introducing ultrasonic waves intermittently in the electrodeposition process: before plating begins, putting a container filled with the plating solution, the cathode and the anode in the step (2) into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ for heat preservation to keep the temperature uniform, and after a power supply is switched on, depositing on the cathode by adopting pulse current, wherein the current parameters in the whole plating process are kept unchanged; after the current is adjusted, introducing magnetic stirring for plating for 30-60 min, closing the magnetic stirring, introducing ultrasonic waves for plating for 30-60 min, repeating the process for 6-12 times, and then performing magnetic stirring for plating for 12h to complete a cycle; the whole plating process is 4 cycles, and the total time is 72-144 h;
(4) and (4) cleaning the sample obtained in the step (3), drying by blowing, and removing the cathode to obtain the carbon nano tube reinforced metal matrix composite material with the laminated structure.
The basic plating solution is sulfamate system nickel plating solution or watt type nickel plating solution, wherein the sulfamate systemThe nickel plating solution comprises the following specific components: ni (NH)2SO3）2·4H2O 300~400g/L、NiCl2·6H2O 10~20g/L、H3BO320~50g/L、C12H25OSO2Na 0.5~1g/L、C36H70O190.2-0.5 g/L, and a pH value of 4-5.
The cathode is a copper sheet or a stainless steel sheet and the like, and the surface of the cathode is polished, cleaned and pickled before plating, wherein the thickness of the copper sheet is 0.25 mm-0.30 mm.
The anode is pure nickel, and the surface of the anode is polished and cleaned before plating, wherein the purity of the pure nickel is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
The forward current density of the pulse current in the process of cathode nickel deposition in the step (3) is 1A/dm2The reverse current density was 0.5A/dm2The forward working time is 100ms, the reverse working time is 10ms, the magnetic stirring speed is 500-800 r/min, the ultrasonic power is 60-240W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20-60 KHz.
The reagents used in the invention are analytically pure, and the plating solution is prepared by deionized water.
The scheme of the invention is not limited to the sulfamate system nickel plating solution, but also applicable to the watt type nickel plating solution which is a conventional formula.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the electroplating process, the nickel base has good toughness, so that low-stress adhesive wear occurs under low load. As the load increases, the adhesion points shift, causing the material to fall off or be removed. When the detached material fragments form abrasive dust between the friction partners, a slight wear of the abrasive particles is accompanied. The positive stress presses the abrasive dust to a certain depth on the surface of the material and moves along the surface parallel to the friction surface under the action of the shear stress, a deeper furrow is generated by cutting the tough matrix, and the carbon nano tube in the composite material belongs to a graphite phase, so that the surface damage is reduced to a great extent, and the composite material is more wear-resistant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the coefficient of friction of the layered structure composite prepared in example 1 and pure nickel in a continuous linear loading mode;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the molar coefficients of the composite materials of the layered structure obtained in examples 2 and 3 in a constant load mode.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Carrying out plating pretreatment on a copper sheet with the thickness of 0.26 mm: sanding with sand paper to brightness, wherein the sand paper used for sanding is 180#, 240#, 400#, 800#, 1200# and 2000# in sequence, placing the sand paper in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning for 15min after being washed with clean water, pickling for 5min (5 ml/L of hydrochloric acid), connecting a copper sheet with a power supply cathode, adopting a pure nickel plate (the purity is 99.99 wt%) as an anode, and connecting the copper sheet with a power supply anode after sanding, cleaning and wrapping gauze;
(2) preparing a plating solution: the formula of the plating solution is Ni (NH)2SO3）2·4H2O 350g/L、NiCl2·6H2O 15g/L、H3BO330g/L、C12H25OSO2Na 0.75g/L、C36H70O190.25g/L, 0.2g/L CNTs, and a pH value of 4;
(3) introducing ultrasonic waves intermittently in the electrodeposition process: before the beginning of plating, putting the container containing the plating solution, the cathode and the anode in the step (2) into a water bath kettle with the temperature of 45 ℃ for heat preservation to keep the temperature uniform, and adopting pulse current to deposit on a cathode plate after the power supply is switched on, wherein the forward current density of the pulse current is 1A/dm2The reverse current density was 0.5A/dm2The forward working time is 100ms, the reverse working time is 10ms, and the parameters of the whole plating process are kept unchanged; after the current is adjusted, magnetic stirring (800 r/min) is introduced for plating for 60 min; closing the magnetic stirring, introducing ultrasonic waves (the ultrasonic power is 60W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz) and plating for 60 min; repeating the process for 6 times, and then performing magnetic stirring plating for 12 hours to complete a cycle; the whole plating process is 4 cycles, totaling96h；
(4) And (4) cleaning the sample obtained in the step (3), drying by blowing, and removing the negative plate to obtain the carbon nano tube reinforced metal matrix composite material with the laminated structure.
The experiment adopts a continuous loading mode, the load range is set to be 0-100N, the loading rate is 100N/min, and the sliding length is 5 mm. As can be seen from fig. 1, the coefficient of friction (COF) reaches a maximum value first rapidly, gradually decreases with increasing load, then increases slowly and finally remains relatively smooth. The friction coefficient of pure nickel is kept at about 0.5, and the sample with 0.2g of carbon tubes is kept at about 0.45, which shows that the friction and wear performance of the composite material is improved.
Example 2
(1) Carrying out pre-plating treatment on a copper sheet with the thickness of 0.28 mm: sanding with sand paper to brightness, wherein the sand paper used for sanding is 180#, 240#, 400#, 800#, 1200# and 2000# in sequence, placing the sand paper in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning for 15min after being washed with clean water, pickling for 5min (5 ml/L of hydrochloric acid), connecting a copper sheet with a power supply cathode, and connecting an anode with a pure nickel plate (the purity is 99.99 wt%) after being cleaned and wrapped with gauze;
(2) preparing a plating solution: the formula of the plating solution is Ni (NH)2SO3）2·4H2O 350g/L、NiCl2·6H2O 15g/L、H3BO330g/L、C12H25OSO2Na 0.75g/L、C36H70O190.25g/L, CNTs 0.4.4 g/L, pH value is 5;
(3) introducing ultrasonic waves intermittently in the electrodeposition process: before the beginning of plating, putting the container containing the plating solution, the cathode and the anode in the step (2) into a water bath kettle with the temperature of 50 ℃ for heat preservation to keep the temperature uniform, and adopting pulse current to deposit on a cathode plate after the power supply is switched on, wherein the forward current density of the pulse current is 1A/dm2The reverse current density was 0.5A/dm2The forward working time is 100ms, the reverse working time is 10ms, and the parameters of the whole plating process are kept unchanged; after the current is adjusted, magnetic stirring (600 r/min) is introduced for plating for 60 min; magnetic stirring is turned off, and ultrasonic waves are introduced (Ultrasonic power is 60W, ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz) for 60 min; repeating the above process for 6 times, and performing magnetic stirring plating for 12 h; the process is one cycle, and the whole plating process is 4 cycles, which are 96 hours in total;
(4) and (4) cleaning the sample obtained in the step (3), drying by blowing, and removing the negative plate to obtain the carbon nano tube reinforced metal matrix composite material with the laminated structure.
The experiment is carried out under the dry friction condition, the load of 30N is constant, the duration is 30min, and the sliding length is 31.65 m; as can be seen from fig. 2, the coefficient of friction (COF) is unstable and increases with time, reaching a maximum value first rapidly, and as the load increases, when reaching the maximum value, it starts to decrease slowly, and finally reaches a relatively stable state. Through calculation, the average friction coefficient of the sample with 0.4g of the added carbon nano tube is 0.436 which is smaller than the friction coefficient of the pure nickel material when being stable, which shows that the friction and wear performance of the composite material is improved.
Example 3
(1) Carrying out pre-plating treatment on a copper sheet with the thickness of 0.3 mm: sanding with sand paper to brightness, wherein the sand paper used for sanding is 180#, 240#, 400#, 800#, 1200# and 2000# in sequence, placing the sand paper in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning for 15min after being washed with clean water, pickling for 5min (5 ml/L of hydrochloric acid), connecting a copper sheet with a power supply cathode, and connecting an anode with a pure nickel plate (the purity is 99.99 wt%) after being cleaned and wrapped with gauze;
(2) preparing a plating solution: the formula of the plating solution is Ni (NH)2SO3）2·4H2O 350g/L、NiCl2·6H2O 15g/L、H3BO330g/L、C12H25OSO2Na 0.75g/L、C36H70O190.25g/L, CNTs2g/L, pH 4.5;
(3) introducing ultrasonic waves intermittently in the electrodeposition process: before the beginning of plating, the container with plating solution, cathode and anode is placed into a water bath kettle with the temperature of 50 ℃ for heat preservation to keep the temperature uniform, and pulse current is adopted to deposit on the cathode plate after the power supply is switched on, wherein the forward current density of the pulse current is 1A/dm2The reverse current density was 0.5A/dm2The forward working time is 100ms, the reverse working time is 10ms, and the parameters of the whole plating process are kept unchanged; after the current is adjusted, introducing magnetic stirring (500 r/min) for plating for 35 min; closing the magnetic stirring, introducing ultrasonic waves (the ultrasonic power is 60W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz) and plating for 40 min; repeating the process for 12 times, and then performing magnetic stirring plating for 12 hours to complete a cycle; the whole plating process is 4 cycles, totaling 108 h;
(4) cleaning the sample obtained in the step (3), drying the sample, and removing the negative plate to obtain the carbon nano tube reinforced metal matrix composite material with the laminated structure;
the experiment is carried out under the dry friction condition, the load of 30N is constant, the duration is 30min, and the sliding length is 31.65 m; as can be seen from fig. 2, the coefficient of friction (COF) is unstable and increases with time, reaching a maximum value first rapidly, and as the load increases, when reaching the maximum value, it starts to decrease slowly, and finally reaches a relatively stable state. Through calculation, the average friction coefficient of the sample with 2g of the added carbon nano tube is 0.371 which is smaller than the friction coefficient of the pure nickel material when being stable, which shows that the friction and wear performance of the composite material is improved.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the friction and wear performance of a composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating the cathode and the anode for later use;
(2) preparing a basic plating solution, and adding the carbon nano tube into the basic plating solution according to the proportion of 0.2-2 g/L for later use;
(3) introducing ultrasonic waves intermittently in the electrodeposition process: before plating begins, putting a container filled with the plating solution, the cathode and the anode in the step (2) into a water bath kettle at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ for heat preservation to keep the temperature uniform, and after a power supply is switched on, depositing on the cathode by adopting pulse current, wherein the current parameters in the whole plating process are kept unchanged; after the current is adjusted, introducing magnetic stirring for plating for 30-60 min, closing the magnetic stirring, introducing ultrasonic waves for plating for 30-60 min, repeating the process for 6-12 times, and then performing magnetic stirring for plating for 12h to complete a cycle; the whole plating process is 4 cycles, and the total time is 72-144 h;
(4) and (4) cleaning the sample obtained in the step (3), drying by blowing, and removing the cathode to obtain the carbon nano tube reinforced metal matrix composite material with the laminated structure.
2. The method for improving the frictional wear performance of a composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the basic plating solution is nickel plating solution.
3. The method for improving the frictional wear performance of a composite material according to claim 2, wherein: the nickel plating solution is sulfamate system nickel plating solution or watt type nickel plating solution.
4. The method for improving the frictional wear performance of a composite material according to claim 3, wherein: the nickel plating solution of the sulfamate system comprises the following components: ni (NH)2SO3）2·4H2O 300~400g/L、NiCl2·6H2O 10~20g/L、H3BO320~50g/L、C12H25OSO2Na 0.5~1g/L、C36H70O190.2-0.5 g/L, and a pH value of 4-5.
5. The method for improving the frictional wear performance of a composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the cathode is a copper sheet or a stainless steel sheet, and the surface of the cathode is polished, cleaned and pickled before plating, wherein the thickness of the copper sheet is 0.25 mm-0.30 mm.
6. The method for improving the frictional wear performance of a composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the anode is pure nickel, and the surface of the anode is polished and cleaned before plating, wherein the purity of the nickel is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
7. The method for improving the frictional wear performance of a composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the forward current density of the pulse current in the step (3) is1A/dm2The reverse current density was 0.5A/dm2The forward working time is 100ms, and the reverse working time is 10 ms; the magnetic stirring speed is 500-800 r/min, the ultrasonic power is 60-240W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20-60 kHz.
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| CN201911073714.4A CN111020656A (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Method for improving friction and wear performance of composite material |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105143521A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-09 | 莫杜美拓有限公司 | A method and apparatus for continuously applying nanolaminate metal coatings |
| CN105220205A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of composite electrodeposition prepares the method for CNTs/Ni matrix material |
| CN110184625A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-08-30 | 昆明理工大学 | A method of improving pure nickel mechanical property |
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2019
- 2019-11-06 CN CN201911073714.4A patent/CN111020656A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105143521A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-09 | 莫杜美拓有限公司 | A method and apparatus for continuously applying nanolaminate metal coatings |
| CN105220205A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of composite electrodeposition prepares the method for CNTs/Ni matrix material |
| CN110184625A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-08-30 | 昆明理工大学 | A method of improving pure nickel mechanical property |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 薛玉君等: ""超声-脉冲电沉积制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合材料", 《特种铸造及有色合金》 * |
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