CN111020462A - Treatment method capable of improving surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel - Google Patents

Treatment method capable of improving surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel Download PDF

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CN111020462A
CN111020462A CN201911158648.0A CN201911158648A CN111020462A CN 111020462 A CN111020462 A CN 111020462A CN 201911158648 A CN201911158648 A CN 201911158648A CN 111020462 A CN111020462 A CN 111020462A
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treatment
speed steel
tungsten
surface hardness
treatment method
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赵得萍
任可真
王朝朋
方刚
祝曼
付小强
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AECC Aero Engine Xian Power Control Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80—After-treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of material heat treatment, and relates to a treatment method capable of improving the surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel, which comprises gas nitriding treatment and ice cooling treatment after the gas nitriding treatment; the ice cooling treatment is a process of keeping the tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel subjected to the gas nitriding treatment in an environment of not higher than-75 ℃ and carrying out air cooling. The invention provides a treatment method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of high-speed steel and improving the surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel.

Description

Treatment method capable of improving surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material heat treatment, relates to a surface hardness treatment method, and particularly relates to a treatment method capable of improving the surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel.
Background
High speed steel has been used for a last hundred years and is the main material of cutting tools in machining. In recent years, high-speed steel has made great progress in mechanical research, production, application, and the like. In order to improve the surface hardness of high-speed steel, the heat treatment is often carried out in a GB9943-88 mode in the prior art, and the specific expression is quenching. W9Mo3Cr4V is a typical tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel, and there is no specific process for improving the surface hardness of the high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V, and there is no data on how to further improve the heat treatment method of the surface hardness after nitriding.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a treatment method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of high-speed steel and improving the surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a treatment method capable of improving the surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel comprises gas nitriding treatment and is characterized in that: the treatment method capable of improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel further comprises ice-cooling treatment after gas nitriding treatment; the ice cooling treatment is a process of keeping the tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel subjected to the gas nitriding treatment in an environment with the temperature not higher than-75 ℃ and carrying out air cooling.
The ice-cooling time is 60-80 minutes.
The tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel is W9Mo3Cr 4V.
The treatment method for improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel further comprises quenching treatment before gas nitriding treatment.
The gas nitriding treatment is a one-stage nitriding treatment or a two-stage nitriding treatment.
When the gas nitriding treatment is a one-stage nitriding treatment, the specific implementation manner of the gas nitriding is as follows: pure ammonia nitriding, 490-520 ℃, nitriding time 28 hours.
The specific implementation mode of the gas nitriding is as follows: pure ammonia nitriding, 505-515 deg.C.
When the gas nitriding treatment is a two-stage nitriding treatment, the specific implementation manner of the gas nitriding is as follows: pure ammonia nitriding at 490-510 deg.c for 18 hr; azotizing at 560-570 deg.C for 12 hr.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a treatment method capable of improving the surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel, which is characterized in that ice-cooling treatment (less than or equal to-75 ℃, heat preservation for 60-80 minutes and air cooling) is uniquely added on the basis of quenching and gas nitriding in the traditional treatment mode, because the ice-cooling process is added, the residual austenite after the gas nitriding treatment is converted into martensite, the surface hardness of the nitrided high-speed steel is further improved by reducing the internal defects of materials through tissue transformation, and the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V can be improved, so that the service life of the high-speed steel material is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a quenched structure diagram of W9Mo3Cr4V high-speed steel;
FIG. 2 is a tissue map of the penetrated layer of different test numbers in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a W9Mo3Cr4V nitrided layer structure of high-speed steel which has been subjected to a gas nitriding treatment but not to an ice-cooling treatment;
FIG. 4 is a structural view of a W9Mo3Cr4V nitrided layer structure of high-speed steel subjected to gas nitriding treatment and ice-cooling treatment;
FIG. 5 is a structural view of the W9Mo3Cr4V steel with its core structure treated by gas nitriding and without ice-cooling;
FIG. 6 is a structural view of a core structure of high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V after gas nitriding treatment and ice cooling treatment.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a heat treatment method for the surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel, in particular W9Mo3Cr4V, which comprises a mode of combining gas nitriding and ice-cooling treatment after nitriding. In the gas nitriding stage, the influence of the nitriding mode and the nitriding temperature on the surface hardness of the high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V is researched, and the nitrided high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V is subjected to ice-cooling treatment, so that the retained austenite is continuously converted into martensite, the tissue refining effect is achieved, and the surface hardness is further improved. Meanwhile, the residual stress in the material is reduced, and the dimensional stability is improved. Wherein the ice-cooling treatment is a process of keeping the tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel subjected to the gas nitriding treatment at the temperature of not higher than-75 ℃ and performing air cooling, and the treatment time is 60-80 minutes.
The first embodiment is as follows: carrying out quenching treatment on high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr 4V:
the surface hardness of the quenched high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V is measured according to GB 9943-88:
TABLE 1 quenching Process parameters
Figure BDA0002285460970000021
All samples after quenching and tempering are subjected to hardness test by using 60 kg load, each sample is detected at 3 points, and the average value is HRC65-66(822-850 HV).
And (3) observing the structure of the quenched sample by using 4% nitric acid alcohol solution, wherein the structure is quenched martensite and granular carbide, the grain size is relatively uniform, and the grade of eutectic carbide is 2. Since quenched martensite is not easily corroded, the martensite structure is not conspicuous, as shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, no significant retained austenite appears because the two tempers minimize the retained austenite.
Example two: the quenched high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V was subjected to gas nitriding study according to the method shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 gas nitriding Process
Figure BDA0002285460970000031
After different nitriding modes are researched, the process parameters of one-stage pure ammonia nitriding with the nitriding temperature of 510 +/-5 ℃ are finally considered to be the best, and the nitriding surface hardness is also the best.
FIG. 2 shows the penetrated layer structure of different test numbers, and it can be seen that the penetrated layer has substantially no white bright layer after nitriding. After the nitric acid alcohol corrosion, the nitride layer becomes dark and gradually transits to a central bright area, and the transition degree can be only seen by color under an optical microscope without tissue change.
After the quenched high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V is subjected to gas nitriding, the surface layer generates high-hardness nitride after the gas nitriding, so that the surface hardness of the high-speed steel reaches 998HV 0.5; the surface hardness HRC65-66(822-850HV) of the non-nitriding treatment is obviously higher than that of the non-nitriding treatment after the gas nitriding treatment of the quenched high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr 4V.
Example three:
the nitrided high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V was subjected to ice-cooling treatment to further improve its surface hardness.
Dividing the quenched and gas nitrided high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V into two groups, performing ice cooling treatment on one group at the temperature of less than or equal to-75 ℃, preserving heat for 1-1.5 hours, and performing air cooling; the other group was not ice-cooled and used for control.
The hardness of the nitrided layer after ice-cooling treatment was 1054HV0.5 and the brittleness was class II, which was examined with a load of 500g, and the surface hardness after nitriding of the high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V was greatly improved by the ice-cooling treatment.
After the two sets of samples were etched with a 4% ferric chloride solution, the structures were observed under a 500-fold optical microscope, as shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, and 6. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the nitrided layer structure of the high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V after gas nitriding is martensite, vein-like nitride, and carbide. However, in fig. 4, the microstructure of the nitrided layer after the gas nitriding treatment and the ice cooling treatment is still martensite, vein-like nitrides and carbides, but the vein-like nitrides are more dispersed and fine after the ice cooling treatment. Fig. 5 and 6 show the matrix structure of high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V after gas nitriding.
The surface treatment method for the high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V provided by the invention comprises the steps of quenching, nitriding, and finally carrying out ice-cooling treatment on the W9Mo3Cr4V after nitriding to convert the retained austenite into martensite, and reducing the internal defects of the material through structure transformation to further improve the surface hardness of the high-speed steel after nitriding. The heat treatment method of quenching, gas nitriding and ice-cooling treatment after nitriding is utilized to obviously improve the surface hardness of the high-speed steel W9Mo3Cr4V, and the performance indexes of the processed parts are as follows: the results of the surface hardness and appearance measurements are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 results of surface hardness and appearance test
Heat treatment method Surface hardness HRC Appearance of the product
Quenching HRC65-66(822-850HV) Uniformity
Gas nitriding 998HV0.5 Uniform and no black spot
Gas nitriding and ice-cooling treatment 1054HV0.5 Uniform and no black spot

Claims (8)

1. A treatment method capable of improving the surface hardness of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel comprises gas nitriding treatment and is characterized in that: the treatment method capable of improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel further comprises ice-cooling treatment after gas nitriding treatment; the ice cooling treatment is a process of keeping the tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel subjected to the gas nitriding treatment in an environment with the temperature not higher than-75 ℃ and carrying out air cooling.
2. The treatment method for improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel according to claim 1, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: the time for the ice-cooling treatment is 60 to 80 minutes.
3. The treatment method for improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel according to claim 2, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: the tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel is W9Mo3Cr 4V.
4. The treatment method for improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the treatment method for improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel further comprises quenching treatment before gas nitriding treatment.
5. The treatment method for improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel according to claim 4, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: the gas nitriding treatment is a one-stage nitriding treatment or a two-stage nitriding treatment.
6. The treatment method for improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel according to claim 5, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: when the gas nitriding treatment is a one-stage nitriding treatment, the specific implementation manner of the gas nitriding is as follows: pure ammonia nitriding, 490-520 ℃, nitriding time 28 hours.
7. The treatment method for improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel according to claim 5, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: the specific implementation mode of the gas nitriding is as follows: pure ammonia nitriding, 505-515 deg.C.
8. The treatment method for improving the surface hardness of the tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel according to claim 5, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: when the gas nitriding treatment is two-stage nitriding treatment, the specific implementation manner of the gas nitriding is as follows: pure ammonia nitriding at 490-510 deg.c for 18 hr; azotizing at 560-570 deg.C for 12 hr.
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Application publication date: 20200417