CN111020391A - 耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,包括链板和销轴,所述销轴采用耐磨销轴钢,由以下质量百分数的化学成分组成:Mn:1.0%‑1.2%;Cr:0.8%‑1.1%;C:0.38%‑0.45%;P<0.025%;Mo:0.3%‑0.5%;Si:0.20%‑0.35%;V:0.2%‑0.5%;Ni≤0.25%;S≤0.025%;其余为Fe。本发明方法制作的输送链,具有较高的耐高温性能以及较高的耐磨性能,适于在冶金行业内使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冶金热处理技术领域,具体涉及一种耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法。
背景技术
冶金行业中使用的输送链需要具备耐高温性能以及耐磨性能,目前冶金行业所使用的输送链(包括链板和销轴)只是普通的链条,链条销轴以渗碳为主,渗碳技术以气体渗碳法为多,主要针对低碳钢、低碳合金钢等含碳量较低的钢铁材料。渗碳后金属表面含碳量可达到0.8%~1.2%,使得金属表面有较高的硬度、强度的同时,仍保持心部韧性。金属表面渗碳是由于分子(原子)永不停歇的、无规律的布朗运动。以气体渗碳为例,发生气体(C4H10、C3H8、CH4)和空气的混合气体在高温下发生反应,释放出活性碳原子进入碳原子浓度较低的金属表面,形成渗碳层。
目前输送链中,销轴的耐磨性能一般,在长时间的拖拉熔炼炉的过程中销轴容易损坏,并且,链板在在高温的环境下使用,传统链板使用钢板的材质比较普通,该类钢板的组织主要是以马氏体为基体,采用300℃以下的回火温度回火工艺获得。在300-500℃的高温使用时,极易出现性能大幅度降低,从而使得所制造装备的寿命也降低。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,解决以往输送链耐高性能以及耐磨性能差的问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,包括链板和销轴,所述销轴采用耐磨销轴钢,由以下质量百分数的化学成分组成:
Mn:1 .0%-1 .2%;Cr:0 .8%-1 .1%;C:0 .38%-0 .45%;
P<0 .025%; Mo:0 .3%-0 .5%;Si:0 .20%-0 .35%; V:0 .2%-0 .5%;Ni≤0.25%; S≤0 .025%;
其余为Fe。
进一步的,所述耐磨销轴通过如下步骤加工而成:
S1、按照上述耐磨销轴的组成成分及质量百分比称取原料,将原料破碎细化成金属粉末,并在氢气或真空条件下,在700-800℃下进行预退火处理,油冷至400-550℃出炉空冷,掺合后将小颗粒的粉末制成大颗粒或团粒;
S2、将步骤S1中制得的大颗粒或团粒粉末放入模具型腔内,在4850MPa-500MPa的压力下轧制成销轴坯料;
S3、将步骤S2中制得的销轴坯料在800-860℃条件下用淬火油进行淬火处理,保温1-4小时,油冷至室温,然后在500-550℃下回火处理,保温1-4小时;空冷得销轴粗品;
S4、将步骤S3中制得的销轴粗品经过车床粗车外圆和精车外圆后,再经磨床粗磨、精磨得销轴半成品;
S5、将步骤S4中的销轴半成品经过除油、酸洗除锈后先在75-85℃下在铬酸盐中氧化处理8-15min,然后再进行发黑处理,清洗后立即作脱水封闭处理得耐磨销轴。
进一步的,步骤S1中退火处理的温度为750-800℃,退火处理时间为3-5小时,油冷至450-550℃出炉空冷。
进一步的,步骤S3中淬火温度为830-880℃,回火处理温度为500-550℃,回火时间为2小时。
进一步的,步骤S 5中所述发黑处理中C o( CH3COO )2:15-16g/L,氧化剂KMnO4:8-12g/L,催化剂NiSO4:1 .5-2 .5g/L,用3-6g/L HNO3调节pH至2-3,温度为75-85℃,发黑处理10-15min。
进一步的,步骤S5中所述封闭处理采用水解盐法,所述水解盐溶液的化学成分为:NiSO4:3-4g/L、NaAc·3H2O:6-8g/L、CoSO4·7H2O:0 .3-0 .5g/L、H3BO3:2-3g/L。
进一步的,所述链板采用耐高温磨损钢板,所述链板组分按质量百分比计包括:C:0 .13- 0 .18%、Si:0 .50-0 .80%、Nb:0 .02-0 .06%、V:0 .08-0 .15%、Mn:0 .20-0.60%、P≤0 .014%、S≤0 .003%、Ti:0 .015-0 .04%、Cr:0 .50-1 .00%、Mo:0 .30-0.80%、Ni:0 .00-0 .60%、W:0 .20-0 .50%、B:0 .0008-0 .0025%,Als:0 .03-0 .06%,N≤0 .0050%,H≤1 .5ppm,余量为铁;
所述的耐高温磨损钢板的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步,按照所述钢板中各组分的质量百分比配比,再进行冶炼,得到的钢水经真空脱气处理后进行连铸或模铸成钢坯,钢坯厚度150-300mm,将得到的钢坯加热至1180-1250℃,保温时间180-220min;
第二步,按第一步得到的钢坯进行再结晶区轧制和未再结晶区轧制,其中再结晶区轧制的终轧温度为1000-1100℃,未再结晶区轧制的终轧温度为800-960℃;
第三步,第二步轧制后的钢板以5-20℃/s的冷速冷却至600-700℃后空冷至室温,然后进行离线淬火和回火处理;离线淬火时分两级加热,其中一级加热温度为550-700℃,保温时间t钢板厚度h的关系满足t=xh,其中2≤x≤3,且t的单位是分钟,h的单位是毫米;二级加热温度为840-880℃,保温时间为10-30min;钢板在二级加热保温后水淬至室温,然后进行0-230℃的回火。
本发明的有益效果是:
采用本发明方法制作的输送链,其销轴为耐磨销轴,在耐磨销轴钢40Cr的基础上降低了镍( Ni )、硫( S )、磷( P ),进一步限定了硅( Si )的含量,并增加了锰( Mn )的含量,此外,还添加了钼( Mo )、钒( V )元素,不仅在强度和硬度上能够达到要求,而且塑性和韧性得到了很大的提高,此外还可以改善螺栓钢的冷加工性能。
2、本发明的耐磨销轴加工方法采用较为优化的调质处理方法,经过调质中淬火和回火后,可以获得强度、硬度、塑性和韧性都较好的耐磨销轴。
3、本发明的耐磨销轴加工方法采用常温发黑处理,发黑处理后的销轴表面获得兼有防蚀与装饰双重功能的转化膜,使用寿命长。
4、输送链的链板使用的钢材,添加一定量的Nb、V和Ti微合金元素以及耐高温合金元素,通过控制轧制、轧后冷却和离线热处理来实现大量纳米级碳化钒、碳化钛、碳化钛钼和碳化铌钛粒子,从而在高温下仍然具有良好的热稳定性和优异的性能。
5、本发明钢板的良好耐高温磨损性能是通过钢板在高温下具有较高硬度和良好热稳定性的纳米碳化钛、碳化钛钼和碳化钒混合析出相来实现的。
6、本发明得到的钢板冷弯性能、焊接性能良好,尤其是具有300-500℃之间的更高耐高温磨损性能。
具体实施方式
现在结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
一种耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,包括链板和销轴,所述销轴采用耐磨销轴钢,由以下质量百分数的化学成分组成:
Mn:1 .0%-1 .2%;Cr:0 .8%-1 .1%;C:0 .38%-0 .45%;
P<0 .025%; Mo:0 .3%-0 .5%;Si:0 .20%-0 .35%; V:0 .2%-0 .5%;Ni≤0.25%; S≤0 .025%;
其余为Fe。
可选的,耐磨销轴钢的化学成分(按质量百分数%);Mn: 1 .1%;Cr:1 .0%;C: 0.42%;
P<0 .025%; Mo:0 .4%;Si:0 .25%; V:0 .3%;Ni≤0 .25%; S≤0 .025%;
所述耐磨销轴通过如下步骤加工而成:
S1、按照上述耐磨销轴的组成成分及质量百分比称取原料,将原料破碎细化成金属粉末,并在氢气或真空条件下,在700-800℃下进行预退火处理,油冷至400-550℃出炉空冷,掺合后将小颗粒的粉末制成大颗粒或团粒;
S2、将步骤S1中制得的大颗粒或团粒粉末放入模具型腔内,在4850MPa-500MPa的压力下轧制成销轴坯料;
S3、将步骤S2中制得的销轴坯料在800-860℃条件下用淬火油进行淬火处理,保温1-4小时,油冷至室温,然后在500-550℃下回火处理,保温1-4小时;空冷得销轴粗品;
S4、将步骤S3中制得的销轴粗品经过车床粗车外圆和精车外圆后,再经磨床粗磨、精磨得销轴半成品;
S5、将步骤S4中的销轴半成品经过除油、酸洗除锈后先在75-85℃下在铬酸盐中氧化处理8-15min,然后再进行发黑处理,清洗后立即作脱水封闭处理得耐磨销轴。
本实施例中,步骤S1中退火处理的温度为760℃,退火处理时间为4小时,油冷至500℃出炉空冷。
本实施例中,步骤S3中淬火温度为850℃,回火处理温度为520℃,回火时间为2小时。
本实施例中,步骤S 5中所述发黑处理中C o( CH3COO )2:15-16g/L,氧化剂KMnO4:8-12g/L,催化剂NiSO4:1 .5-2 .5g/L,用3-6g/L HNO3调节pH至2-3,温度为75-85℃,发黑处理10-15min。
本实施例中,步骤S5中所述封闭处理采用水解盐法,所述水解盐溶液的化学成分为:NiSO4:3-4g/L、NaAc·3H2O:6-8g/L、CoSO4·7H2O:0 .3-0 .5g/L、H3BO3:2-3g/L。
本发明耐磨销轴的性能,抗拉强度达到1150MPa,硬度达到370HB,收缩率达到53%,伸长率达到15%,韧性达到65J;
本实施例中,所述链板采用耐高温磨损钢板,所述链板组分按质量百分比计包括:C:0.13- 0 .18%、Si:0 .50-0 .80%、Nb:0 .02-0 .06%、V:0 .08-0 .15%、Mn:0 .20-0.60%、P≤0 .014%、S≤0 .003%、Ti:0 .015-0 .04%、Cr:0 .50-1 .00%、Mo:0 .30-0.80%、Ni:0 .00-0 .60%、W:0 .20-0 .50%、B:0 .0008-0 .0025%,Als:0 .03-0 .06%,N≤0 .0050%,H≤1 .5ppm,余量为铁;
本实施例中,C:0.16;Si:0.52;Mn:0.38;Cr:0.6;Mo:0.31;Ni:0.32;P≤0.014;S≤0.003,Nb:0.02-0.06%;V:0.08-0.15%;Ti:0.015-0.04%,W:0.20-0.50%,B:0.0008-0.0025,ALs:0.03-0.06%,N≤0.0050%,H≤1.5ppm;
所述的耐高温磨损钢板的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步,按照所述钢板中各组分的质量百分比配比,再进行冶炼,得到的钢水经真空脱气处理后进行连铸或模铸成钢坯,钢坯厚度150-300mm,将得到的钢坯加热至1180-1250℃,保温时间180-220min;
第二步,按第一步得到的钢坯进行再结晶区轧制和未再结晶区轧制,其中再结晶区轧制的终轧温度为1000-1100℃,未再结晶区轧制的终轧温度为800-960℃;
第三步,第二步轧制后的钢板以5-20℃/s的冷速冷却至600-700℃后空冷至室温,然后进行离线淬火和回火处理;离线淬火时分两级加热,其中一级加热温度为550-700℃,保温时间t钢板厚度h的关系满足t=xh,其中2≤x≤3,且t的单位是分钟,h的单位是毫米;二级加热温度为840-880℃,保温时间为10-30min;钢板在二级加热保温后水淬至室温,然后进行0-230℃的回火。
本实施例力学性能和高温磨损性能如下:
本发明的输送链链板的布氏硬度达到了401HB以上,抗拉强度大于1320MPa,延伸率达到13.4%,-40℃冲击功达到35J,高温耐磨性能优异,远高于Hardox450,300-500℃之间的高温磨损性能达到了Hardox450的2倍以上。可见本发链板不但具有高的强度、硬度和良好的低温韧性,而且还具有优异的高温磨损性能。
因此,综上所述,本发明方法制作的输送链,具有较高的耐高温性能以及较高的耐磨性能,适于在冶金行业内使用。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,其特征是,包括链板和销轴,所述销轴采用耐磨销轴钢,由以下质量百分数的化学成分组成:
Mn:1 .0%-1 .2%;Cr:0 .8%-1 .1%;C:0 .38%-0 .45%;
P<0 .025%; Mo:0 .3%-0 .5%;Si:0 .20%-0 .35%; V:0 .2%-0 .5%;Ni≤0.25%; S≤0 .025%;
其余为Fe。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,其特征是,所述耐磨销轴通过如下步骤加工而成:
S1、按照上述耐磨销轴的组成成分及质量百分比称取原料,将原料破碎细化成金属粉末,并在氢气或真空条件下,在700-800℃下进行预退火处理,油冷至400-550℃出炉空冷,掺合后将小颗粒的粉末制成大颗粒或团粒;
S2、将步骤S1中制得的大颗粒或团粒粉末放入模具型腔内,在4850MPa-500MPa的压力下轧制成销轴坯料;
S3、将步骤S2中制得的销轴坯料在800-860℃条件下用淬火油进行淬火处理,保温1-4小时,油冷至室温,然后在500-550℃下回火处理,保温1-4小时;空冷得销轴粗品;
S4、将步骤S3中制得的销轴粗品经过车床粗车外圆和精车外圆后,再经磨床粗磨、精磨得销轴半成品;
S5、将步骤S4中的销轴半成品经过除油、酸洗除锈后先在75-85℃下在铬酸盐中氧化处理8-15min,然后再进行发黑处理,清洗后立即作脱水封闭处理得耐磨销轴。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,其特征是,步骤S1中退火处理的温度为750-800℃,退火处理时间为3-5小时,油冷至450-550℃出炉空冷。
4.根据权利要求2所述的耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,其特征是,步骤S3中淬火温度为830-880℃,回火处理温度为500-550℃,回火时间为2小时。
5.根据权利要求2所述的耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,其特征是,步骤S 5中所述发黑处理中C o( CH3COO )2:15-16g/L,氧化剂KMnO4:8-12g/L,催化剂NiSO4:1 .5-2 .5g/L,用3-6g/L HNO3调节pH至2-3,温度为75-85℃,发黑处理10-15min。
6.根据权利要求2所述的耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,其特征是,步骤S5中所述封闭处理采用水解盐法,所述水解盐溶液的化学成分为:NiSO4:3-4g/L、NaAc·3H2O:6-8g/L、CoSO4·7H2O:0 .3-0 .5g/L、H3BO3:2-3g/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温、高耐磨输送链加工方法,其特征是,所述链板采用耐高温磨损钢板,所述链板组分按质量百分比计包括:C:0 .13- 0 .18%、Si:0 .50-0.80%、Nb:0 .02-0 .06%、V:0 .08-0 .15%、Mn:0 .20-0 .60%、P≤0 .014%、S≤0.003%、Ti:0 .015-0 .04%、Cr:0 .50-1 .00%、Mo:0 .30-0 .80%、Ni:0 .00-0 .60%、W:0 .20-0 .50%、B:0 .0008-0 .0025%,Als:0 .03-0 .06%,N≤0 .0050%,H≤1.5ppm,余量为铁;
所述的耐高温磨损钢板的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步,按照所述钢板中各组分的质量百分比配比,再进行冶炼,得到的钢水经真空脱气处理后进行连铸或模铸成钢坯,钢坯厚度150-300mm,将得到的钢坯加热至1180-1250℃,保温时间180-220min;
第二步,按第一步得到的钢坯进行再结晶区轧制和未再结晶区轧制,其中再结晶区轧制的终轧温度为1000-1100℃,未再结晶区轧制的终轧温度为800-960℃;
第三步,第二步轧制后的钢板以5-20℃/s的冷速冷却至600-700℃后空冷至室温,然后进行离线淬火和回火处理;离线淬火时分两级加热,其中一级加热温度为550-700℃,保温时间t钢板厚度h的关系满足t=xh,其中2≤x≤3,且t的单位是分钟,h的单位是毫米;二级加热温度为840-880℃,保温时间为10-30min;钢板在二级加热保温后水淬至室温,然后进行0-230℃的回火。
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