CN111020141A - Atmosphere-controllable heat treatment processing technology - Google Patents
Atmosphere-controllable heat treatment processing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111020141A CN111020141A CN201911256591.8A CN201911256591A CN111020141A CN 111020141 A CN111020141 A CN 111020141A CN 201911256591 A CN201911256591 A CN 201911256591A CN 111020141 A CN111020141 A CN 111020141A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a controllable atmosphere heat treatment processing technology, which comprises the following processing technologies: the first step, the second step of preparing controllable atmosphere, the third step of carburizing the workpiece, and purifying the hydrogen in the controllable atmosphere. Through the effect of the controllable atmosphere, the workpiece is kept in the carburizing process, the uniform co-permeation is kept, the surface of the workpiece has no white spots, the color and luster of the surface of the workpiece after being processed are smooth, meanwhile, the strength and the strength of the workpiece in the practical application process are obviously improved compared with the traditional workpiece, through the increase of the nitrogen filling time, the hydrogen content in the controllable atmosphere is greatly reduced, the hydrogen content of the workpiece is greatly reduced in the co-permeation process, the strength of the workpiece is increased, the workpiece is prevented from cracking in the using process, through the effect of a drying agent, the oxygen and the moisture in the controllable atmosphere are greatly reduced, the uniformity and the depth of the workpiece in the co-permeation process are greatly improved, and the speed and the strength of the workpiece during carbonization are further increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment processing, in particular to a controllable atmosphere heat treatment processing technology.
Background
The controlled atmosphere is a gas whose composition is controllable for protecting the metal surface and adjusting the surface chemical composition of the metal when the metal is heated, and can avoid surface oxidation or decarburization when the metal is heated in the controlled atmosphere, and can also be carburized as required, and the controlled atmosphere is generally formed by mixing two or more gases, and when only surface oxidation is avoided, a single gas can be used as a protective gas, such as hydrogen, argon, nitrogen, and the like, and the controlled atmosphere is mainly used for metal heat treatment and also used for less-or non-oxidation heating of a forged blank.
With the technological progress, the hardness and quality requirements of workpieces are higher and higher, so that a carburizing technology needs to be performed on the surface of the workpiece, the strength and the use durability of the workpiece are enhanced, the working principle of the existing controllable atmosphere heat treatment process is that raw material gas (propane, natural gas or city gas) and air are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are introduced into a generator, the raw material gas and the air are heated from the outside to form an atmosphere, then the formed atmosphere permeates into the surface of the workpiece to form a carburized layer, more CO and H2 are provided, and less CO2 and H2O are provided, so that the workpiece can be effectively prevented from being oxidized and decarburized, however, the controllable atmosphere is influenced by the raw material and the process in the carburizing process, the content of hydrogen in the controllable atmosphere is higher, and the hydrogen in the process of permeating into the workpiece, the hydrogen can also flow into the workpiece along with the controllable atmosphere, and the hydrogen reacts with the workpiece, the hardness of the workpiece is greatly reduced, the workpiece is influenced by hydrogen in the storage process, the surface of the workpiece cracks, the hydrogen is directly quenched after the gas carbonitriding process and cannot be separated out, a large amount of supersaturated hydrogen also exists in the quenched workpiece, the depth and the length of the crack of the workpiece are further deepened in the processing process, on one hand, the normal use of the workpiece is influenced, and the waste of resources is increased on the other two sides, so that the utilization rate of the workpiece in the heat treatment processing process is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a controllable atmosphere heat treatment processing technology, which solves the problems of hydrogen embrittlement and workpiece cracking.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a controllable atmosphere heat treatment processing technology comprises the following processing technologies:
firstly, preparing a controllable atmosphere, putting a workpiece into a controllable atmosphere furnace by using a tool fixture, then starting to prepare raw material gas to be processed, mixing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water, methane and air, introducing the mixture into the controllable atmosphere furnace through a pipeline, heating the gas to 870 ℃ through a heater, then adding a proper amount of catalyst, catalyzing unburned parts in the mixed gas (when the air amount is less, the mixed gas is partially combusted firstly), and performing thermal cracking to prepare the controllable atmosphere;
secondly, carburizing the workpiece, namely keeping the reacted controllable atmosphere stable, then inputting the carburizing agent into the furnace, ensuring that the controllable atmosphere in the furnace is in a relatively balanced state before injecting the carburizing agent, adjusting the injection dosage of air and fuel through a flow meter to ensure that the controllable atmosphere is in balance, then cracking and reacting the carburizing agent at high temperature to generate carburizing gas, transmitting the carburizing gas on a gas-solid interface, absorbing the carburizing atmosphere by the workpiece and carrying out interface reaction on the carburizing atmosphere in the transmission process to generate active carbon atoms, deeply migrating and diffusing the carbon atoms from the surface of the workpiece, and finally forming a carbon-nitrogen layer on the surface of the workpiece;
purifying hydrogen in a controllable atmosphere, stopping supplying nitrogen and methane at the later stage of workpiece carburization, filling nitrogen into a furnace to remove all gases including hydrogen in the original furnace gas, keeping the furnace temperature at 820 ℃ for one hour through the nitrogen with the content of 98%, 1% oxygen and 1% water vapor when the co-cementation is finished, adding 10% of ethanolamine into the controllable atmosphere to absorb redundant carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, adding 10% of calcium oxide to combine with water in the controllable atmosphere to generate hydrate, reacting, discharging redundant water in the controllable atmosphere, filling nitrogen, discharging hydrogen, quenching oil, quickly tempering the workpiece after the co-cementation is finished, keeping the tempering temperature at 150 ℃, cooling the workpiece, and keeping the cooling speed of the workpiece equal to the room temperature; and arranging the workpieces on the placing rack after the workpieces are taken out.
Preferably, the controlled atmosphere furnace is provided with the following processes: the hearth has good sealing property, positive pressure is kept in the furnace, the hearth must be forced to circularly flow, the installation device is arranged in the furnace, and the inner wall member of the hearth resists atmosphere corrosion.
Preferably, the nitrogen charge is maintained within one hour for the first 20 minutes at 5m3H, 1.5m after 40 minutes3And introducing nitrogen at the time of/h, and calculating the times of nitrogen filling according to the size of the hearth, the gas temperature and the volume coefficient, wherein the times of air change in the first 20 minutes is 11 times, and the times of air change in the last 40 minutes is 7 times.
The beneficial effects are as follows:
the invention eliminates high content of hydrogen in the controllable atmosphere by charging high purity nitrogen dose, so that the hardness of the workpiece and the durability of the workpiece are improved in the co-permeation process of the workpiece, the abrasion and the strength of the workpiece are increased in use, simultaneously, the workpiece is kept to be relatively uniform and co-permeated in the carburizing process under the action of the controllable atmosphere, the surface of the workpiece has no white spots, the color and luster of the processed surface of the workpiece are relatively smooth and the brightness is higher, simultaneously, the strength and the strength of the workpiece in the practical application process are obviously improved compared with the traditional workpiece, the content of hydrogen in the controllable atmosphere is greatly reduced by increasing the nitrogen charging time, the content of hydrogen is greatly reduced in the co-permeation process of the workpiece, thereby the strength of the workpiece is increased, the cracking phenomenon of the workpiece is avoided in the use process, and simultaneously, under the action of the drying agent, the oxygen and the moisture in the controllable atmosphere are greatly reduced, the uniformity and the depth of the workpiece in the co-permeation process are greatly improved, and the speed and the strength of the workpiece during carbonization are further increased.
Detailed Description
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a controllable atmosphere heat treatment processing technology comprises the following processing technologies:
firstly, preparing a controllable atmosphere, putting a workpiece into a controllable atmosphere furnace by using a tool fixture, then starting to prepare raw material gas to be processed, mixing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water, methane and air, introducing the mixture into the controllable atmosphere furnace through a pipeline, heating the gas to 870 ℃ through a heater, then adding a proper amount of catalyst, catalyzing unburned parts in the mixed gas (when the air quantity is less, the mixed gas is partially combusted firstly), carrying out thermal cracking to prepare the controllable atmosphere, wherein the content of the carbon monoxide is 20-25%, the content of the hydrogen is 30-40%, and the content of the nitrogen is 60-70%, the carbon dioxide, the water and the methane are subjected to customized increase according to other capacities of the controllable atmosphere, so that the controllable atmosphere tends to be in a stable state, and the gas is filtered by a filter arranged on the pipeline before being injected into the furnace, the gas is ensured not to contain other impurities, so that the gas purity in the controllable atmosphere is improved, the stability of the controllable atmosphere is facilitated, and the utilization rate of the controllable atmosphere is increased;
secondly, carburizing the workpiece, keeping the reacted controllable atmosphere stable, inputting the carburizing agent into the furnace, before injecting the carburizing agent, ensuring that the controllable atmosphere in the furnace is in a relatively balanced state, adjusting the injection dosage of air and fuel through a flow meter, controlling the concentration of the controllable atmosphere by controlling the injection amount of air and the injection amount of fuel, so that the carbon potential coefficient of the controllable atmosphere is changed along with the adjustment of the controllable atmosphere, facilitating the real-time adjustment of the controllable atmosphere, ensuring that the controllable atmosphere can be suitable for different types of workpieces, increasing the carbonization speed and uniformity of different workpieces in the atmosphere with different contents, ensuring that the controllable atmosphere can be suitable for different types of workpieces, ensuring that the controllable atmosphere is in balance, then cracking and reacting the carburizing agent at high temperature to generate carburizing gas, transmitting the carburizing gas on a gas-solid interface, and absorbing and interface reacting the workpieces to the carburizing atmosphere in the transmitting process, generating activated carbon atoms, wherein the carbon atoms migrate and diffuse from the surface of the workpiece to the depth, and finally forming a carbon-nitrogen layer on the surface of the workpiece;
thirdly, purifying hydrogen in a controllable atmosphere, stopping supplying nitrogen and methane at the later stage of carburizing the workpiece, filling nitrogen into the furnace to remove all gases including hydrogen in the original furnace gas, keeping the furnace temperature at 820 ℃ through the nitrogen with the content of 98%, 1% oxygen and 1% water vapor when the co-permeation is finished, filling nitrogen for one hour, eliminating high-content hydrogen in the controllable atmosphere, greatly reducing the content of hydrogen in the controllable atmosphere, removing the workpiece which is doped with hydrogen in the co-permeation process, greatly reducing the hardness of the workpiece, influencing the normal use of the workpiece, greatly increasing the durability of the workpiece through eliminating the action of hydrogen, avoiding the phenomenon that the hydrogen remains in the workpiece during the use and placement of the workpiece, causing the workpiece to crack and be incapable of being used again after a period of time of reaction, and then adding 10% ethanolamine into the controllable atmosphere to absorb redundant carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, adding 10 percent of calcium oxide to combine with water in a controllable atmosphere to generate hydrate, discharging excessive water in the controllable atmosphere after reaction, removing the water in the controllable atmosphere to improve the carbon potential in the controllable atmosphere, greatly improving the uniformity of the workpiece in the carbonization process, avoiding the phenomenon of carbon black in the high-temperature processing process of the workpiece, increasing the aesthetic degree and the use strength of the workpiece during processing, quenching oil after nitrogen recharging and hydrogen discharging are finished, rapidly tempering the workpiece after the end of the co-cementation, controlling the tempering temperature to be 150 ℃, gradually separating out hydrogen in the workpiece by controlling the tempering temperature, enabling the content of hydrogen in the workpiece to be close to zero, increasing the strength of the workpiece during the co-cementation, then cooling the workpiece, keeping the cooling speed of the workpiece equal to the room temperature, further taking out the content of hydrogen in the workpiece, the hydrogen content in the workpiece is further separated out, so that the hydrogen brittleness of the workpiece is improved, and the strength of the workpiece is further increased; the hydrogen-containing workpiece is arranged on the placing frame after being taken out, and hydrogen in the workpiece can be separated out through the placing of the workpiece, so that the hydrogen brittleness of the workpiece is eliminated, and the service cycle of the workpiece is prolonged.
Wherein, the controllable atmosphere furnace needs to be provided with the following processes: the furnace leakproofness is good, make the phenomenon that the controlled atmosphere can not appear leaking, make the controlled atmosphere in the stove keep the state of relative preferred, make the controlled atmosphere in the stove more balanced simultaneously, keep the malleation in the stove, furnace must force the burner gas circulation flow, install installation device in the stove, and furnace inner wall component anti atmosphere corrodes, increase furnace's life cycle, make furnace in the use, the phenomenon that controllable atmosphere leaks and contains impurity in the controlled atmosphere can not appear in the controlled atmosphere corruption, the stability and the security of the controlled atmosphere in the stove increase, make the controlled atmosphere in the use, keep the state of relative stability, the mobility through many controlled atmospheres increases simultaneously, make the homogeneity and the ageing of work piece coinfiltration increase, be convenient for accelerate the carbonization of work piece, make the carbonization degree on work piece top layer more homogeneity.
Wherein the nitrogen charge is maintained within one hour and 5m for the first 20 minutes3H, 1.5m after 40 minutes3Introducing nitrogen during the hour of the treatment process, calculating the times of nitrogen charging according to the size of a hearth, the gas temperature and the volume coefficient, wherein the times of air change in the first 20 minutes is 11, the times of air change in the second 40 minutes is 7, and hydrogen in the controllable atmosphere is greatly removed by charging high-content nitrogen, so that the content in the controllable atmosphere is further purified, the uniformity of the carbon potential of the workpiece during the co-permeation is improved, the hardness and the service cycle of the workpiece after the workpiece is processed are greatly improved, the durability of the workpiece during the use is increased, and the utilization rate of the workpiece is improved.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A heat treatment processing technology with controllable atmosphere is characterized in that: the processing technology comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a controllable atmosphere, putting a workpiece into a controllable atmosphere furnace by using a tool fixture, then starting to prepare raw material gas to be processed, mixing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water, methane and air, introducing the mixture into the controllable atmosphere furnace through a pipeline, heating the gas to 870 ℃ through a heater, then adding a proper amount of catalyst, catalyzing unburned parts in the mixed gas (when the air amount is less, the mixed gas is partially combusted firstly), and performing thermal cracking to prepare the controllable atmosphere;
secondly, carburizing the workpiece, namely keeping the reacted controllable atmosphere stable, then inputting the carburizing agent into the furnace, ensuring that the controllable atmosphere in the furnace is in a relatively balanced state before injecting the carburizing agent, adjusting the injection dosage of air and fuel through a flow meter to ensure that the controllable atmosphere is in balance, then cracking and reacting the carburizing agent at high temperature to generate carburizing gas, transmitting the carburizing gas on a gas-solid interface, absorbing the carburizing atmosphere by the workpiece and carrying out interface reaction on the carburizing atmosphere in the transmission process to generate active carbon atoms, deeply migrating and diffusing the carbon atoms from the surface of the workpiece, and finally forming a carbon-nitrogen layer on the surface of the workpiece;
purifying hydrogen in a controllable atmosphere, stopping supplying nitrogen and methane at the later stage of workpiece carburization, filling nitrogen into a furnace to remove all gases including hydrogen in the original furnace gas, keeping the furnace temperature at 820 ℃ for one hour through the nitrogen with the content of 98%, 1% oxygen and 1% water vapor when the co-cementation is finished, adding 10% of ethanolamine into the controllable atmosphere to absorb redundant carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, adding 10% of calcium oxide to combine with water in the controllable atmosphere to generate hydrate, reacting, discharging redundant water in the controllable atmosphere, filling nitrogen, discharging hydrogen, quenching oil, quickly tempering the workpiece after the co-cementation is finished, keeping the tempering temperature at 150 ℃, cooling the workpiece, and keeping the cooling speed of the workpiece equal to the room temperature; and arranging the workpieces on the placing rack after the workpieces are taken out.
2. A controlled atmosphere heat treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the controlled atmosphere furnace needs to have the following process: the hearth has good sealing property, positive pressure is kept in the furnace, the hearth must be forced to circularly flow, the installation device is arranged in the furnace, and the inner wall member of the hearth resists atmosphere corrosion.
3. A controlled atmosphere heat treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said nitrogen chargeKeeping within one hour for the first 20 minutes at 5m3H, 1.5m after 40 minutes3And introducing nitrogen at the time of/h, and calculating the times of nitrogen filling according to the size of the hearth, the gas temperature and the volume coefficient, wherein the times of air change in the first 20 minutes is 11 times, and the times of air change in the last 40 minutes is 7 times.
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| CN201911256591.8A CN111020141A (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Atmosphere-controllable heat treatment processing technology |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113913731A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-11 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Press-in type controllable atmosphere generating device |
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Application publication date: 20200417 |