CN111019975B - 一种厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法 - Google Patents

一种厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法 Download PDF

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CN111019975B
CN111019975B CN201911291085.2A CN201911291085A CN111019975B CN 111019975 B CN111019975 B CN 111019975B CN 201911291085 A CN201911291085 A CN 201911291085A CN 111019975 B CN111019975 B CN 111019975B
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张放
曾建雄
张伟
戴昆
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Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法，包括以下步骤：S1：取污泥，过铁筛，用培养基悬浮，振荡混合均匀，离心去上清，重复以上操作若干次；S2：将步骤S1得到的污泥接种于培养瓶中，加入培养基，并在培养基中加入海藻酸钠，通入过量的氮气和二氧化碳的混合气体，密封培养瓶，在温度为34～36℃的条件下连续培养280～320天，进行污泥多糖水解菌群富集；S3：将步骤S2富集的污泥多糖水解菌群接种于厌氧反应器中，以剩余污泥为底物，接种量为80～125mL/L，通入过量的氮气和二氧化碳的混合气体，将厌氧反应器密封，在温度为34～36℃的条件下培养2～7天，得到代谢产物甲烷和有机酸。该方法条件温和、成本低。

Description

一种厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法，属于微生 物技术领域。
背景技术
剩余污泥(excess activated sludge)，是指活性污泥系统中从二次沉淀池(或沉淀区)排出系统外的活性污泥。剩余污泥处置是我国环境治理领域面临的 重要问题之一，据估算2018年剩余污泥(80％含水率)的产生量超过1亿吨。 国家《生态环境保护规划》要求大力推进污泥稳定化、无害化和资源化处理 处置，地级及以上城市污泥无害化处理率达到90％。但是，目前污泥的处理 以堆埋、焚烧、农业堆肥和自然干化为主，所需费用较高(占污水处理厂总运 行费用的50-60％)。
剩余污泥的有机成分复杂，包括细胞，胞外聚合物(EPS)和少量纤维素 等。其中EPS占污泥有机质干重的50-80％，具有维持微生物聚集体结构和 保持其功能的完整性的作用。EPS的主要成分是胞外多糖(PS,10-30％)与蛋 白质(PN,40％-60％)，并且，PS含有中含有海藻酸钠和黄原胶等多糖成分。
生物处理方法，比如混菌发酵的方法具有针对性强和成本较低等优 势，但是，现有技术中还没有成熟的应用于剩余污泥的混菌发酵的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法，可以有 效解决上述问题。
本发明是这样实现的：
一种厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：取污泥，过铁筛，用培养基悬浮，振荡混合均匀，离心去上清， 重复以上操作若干次；
S2：将步骤S1得到的污泥接种于培养瓶中，加入培养基，并在培养基 中加入海藻酸钠，通入过量的氮气和二氧化碳的混合气体，密封培养瓶， 在温度为34～36℃的条件下连续培养280～320天，进行污泥多糖水解菌群富 集；
S3：将步骤S2富集的污泥多糖水解菌群接种于厌氧反应器中，以剩余 污泥为底物，接种量为80～125mL/L，通入过量的氮气和二氧化碳的混合气 体，将厌氧反应器密封，在温度为34～36℃的条件下培养2～7天，得到代谢 产物甲烷和有机酸。
作为进一步改进的，在步骤S1中，所述污泥为剩余污泥。
作为进一步改进的，在步骤S1中，所述铁筛为200目铁筛。
作为进一步改进的，在步骤S1中，所述离心为5500～6500rpm离心 4～6min。
作为进一步改进的，所述培养基的配方为NH4Cl 450～550mg/L； KH2PO4 180～220mg/L；Na2SO4 45～55mg/L；KCl 45～55mg/L；CaCl2 8～12 mg/L；MgCl2 .6H2O 65～75mg/L；MnCl2 .4H2O 0.6～1mg/L；CoCl2 .2H2O 1.0～1.4 mg/L；FeSO4 .7H2O 3.0～3.4mg/L；AlCl30.4～0.6mg/L；NaMO4 .2H2O 0.05～0.15 mg/L；H3BO3 0.1～0.25mg/L；NiCl2 .6H2O 0.4～0.6mg/L；CuCl2 .2H2O 1.0～1.2 mg/L；ZnSO4 .2H2O 3.0～3.5mg/L；EDTA-2Na 2.8～3.2mg/L。
作为进一步改进的，所述培养基通过酸或碱调节pH为7.0～7.4。
作为进一步改进的，所述海藻酸钠的在培养基中的浓度为1～3g/L。
作为进一步改进的，所述氮气和二氧化碳的混合气体中氮气和二氧化 碳的体积比70～85％：15～25％。
作为进一步改进的，所述有机酸为乙酸、丙酸、丁酸或己酸中的一种 或多种。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法能够快速水解转化剩 余污泥。
本发明厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法能够转化剩余污泥为 烷，氢气，乙酸，丙酸，丁酸，己酸，乙醇和丁醇等产品，能够变废为宝。
本发明厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法相对于碱处理、高温 处理等常规剩余污泥预处理方式，具有运行条件温和运行成本低等优势。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式的技术方案，下面将对实施方式中 所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的 某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员 来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关 的附图。
图1是本发明实施例的污泥多糖水解菌群SPHB降解剩余污泥的厌氧 反应器装置图。
图2本发明实施例的污泥多糖水解菌群SPHB的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施方式的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合 本发明实施方式中的附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完 整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全 部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作 出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范 围。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。基 于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提 下所获得的所有其他实施方式，如改变污泥来源、反应器运行模式(UASB、 SBR和EGSB等)都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
污泥接种自福州金山污水处理厂的剩余污泥(20mL)，将污泥过200 目铁筛以去除非生物杂质，并利用50mL无机盐厌氧培养基(pH值为7.2， 其组成为NH4Cl 500mg/L；KH2PO4200mg/L；Na2SO4 50mg/L；KCl 50mg/L； CaCl2 10mg/L；MgCl2.6H2O 70mg/L；MnCl2.4H2O0.8mg/L；CoCl2.2H2O 1.2 mg/L；FeSO4.7H2O 3.2mg/L；AlCl3 0.5mg/L；NaMO4.2H2O 0.1mg/L；H3BO3 0.2mg/L；NiCl2.6H2O 0.5mg/L；CuCl2.2H2O 1.1mg/L；ZnSO4.2H2O 3.2mg/L； EDTA-2Na 3.0mg/L)悬浮污泥，涡流振荡混合均匀，放置离心机6000rpm， 5分钟离心，去除上清液；上述步骤重复3次，确保有机质以及其他干扰结 果因素去除。
之后，将清洗过后的污泥接种于1L的厌氧反应器中，并加入0.5g海藻 酸钠和250mL上述厌氧培养基，确保加入的微生物量在1.5-2g/L左右。通 入50L(氮气/二氧化碳＝80％/20％)混合气，排除反应器中原有的空气。 将上述厌氧反应器用丁基橡胶塞和铝帽密封，并维持温度为35℃。每隔2 天分析主要代谢产物，包括甲烷和氢气采用气相色谱仪(SP6890,山东鲁南 瑞虹化工仪器有限公司)分析。乙酸，丙酸，丁酸，己酸，乙醇和丁醇等采用气相色谱仪(GC7890,安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司)分析。连续培养 300天，得到SPHB菌群。
在如图1所示的厌氧反应器中，接种上述富集得到的SPHB菌群5mL， 以福州金山污水处理厂的二沉池剩余污泥(55mL)为底物，通入过量的氮 气和二氧化碳的混合气体(氮气/二氧化碳＝80％/20％)，将厌氧反应器密 封，培养3天。经检测，主要代谢产物包括甲烷(1.2mM)，中间代谢产物 包括氢气(0.8mM)和乙酸(186mg/L)等产品；而当加入2-溴乙基磺酸 钠抑制产甲烷菌活性后，代谢产物中不含有甲烷，主要包括氢气(1.56mM)， 乙酸(250mg/L)，丙酸(280mg/L)，丁酸(440mg/L)，己酸(17mg/L)， 乙醇(80mg/L)和丁醇(60mg/L)等产品。
所述甲烷和氢气采用气相色谱仪(SP6890,山东鲁南瑞虹化工仪器有限 公司)检测。该仪器主要仪器参数如下：包括双路热导池的检测器和两根 长度为2m填充
Figure BDA0002319115980000051
分子筛的不锈钢气相色谱分离柱。氢气的测定条件为： 进样口、柱温箱和热导池温度分别为60、80和100℃；用氮气气作为载气； 气体的进样量为1mL。气相中甲烷的测定条件改为：进样口、柱温箱和热 导池温度分别为120、120和130℃；用氢气作为载气；气体的进样量为1 mL。乙酸，丙酸，丁酸，己酸，乙醇和丁醇等采用气相色谱仪(GC7890,安 捷伦科技(中国)有限公司)进行检测。该仪器主要包括火焰离子化检测器、 自动进样系统和色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm的熔融硅胶毛细管色谱柱(DB-FFAP))。测定条件简述如下：采用程序升温方式控制柱温箱温度，初 温为70℃并保持3分钟，然后以20℃/分钟的速度升高到180℃，并保持3分钟；进样口和检测器的温度分别设定为250和300℃；载气是高纯N2 (>99.99％)。液相样品测定之前先用0.45μm微滤膜过滤，然后用3％的甲 酸溶液稀释和酸化。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式而已，并不用于限制本发明，对 于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的 精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发 明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种厌氧转化剩余污泥为有机酸的方法，其特征在于： 包括以下步骤：
S1：取污泥，过铁筛，用培养基悬浮，振荡混合均匀，离心去上清，重复以上操作若干次；
S2：将步骤S1得到的污泥接种于培养瓶中，加入培养基，并在培养基中加入海藻酸钠，通入过量的氮气和二氧化碳的混合气体，密封培养瓶，在温度为34~36℃的条件下连续培养280~320天，进行污泥多糖水解菌群富集；所述培养基的配方为NH4Cl 450~550 mg/L;KH2PO4 180~220 mg/L; Na2SO4 45~55 mg/L; KCl 45~55 mg/L; CaCl2 8~12 mg/L;MgCl2 .6H2O 65~75 mg/L; MnCl2 .4H2O 0.6~1 mg/L; CoCl2 .2H2O 1.0~1.4 mg/L; FeSO4 .7H2O3.0~3.4 mg/L; AlCl3 0.4~0.6 mg/L; NaMO4 .2H2O 0.05~0.15 mg/L; H3BO3 0.1~0.25 mg/L; NiCl2 .6H2O 0.4~0.6 mg/L; CuCl2 .2H2O 1.0~1.2 mg/L; ZnSO4 .2H2O 3.0~3.5 mg/L;EDTA-2Na 2.8~3.2 mg/L；
S3：将步骤S2富集的污泥多糖水解菌群接种于厌氧反应器中，以剩余污泥为底物，接种量为80~125 mL/L，通入过量的氮气和二氧化碳的混合气体，加入2-溴乙基磺酸钠，将厌氧反应器密封，在温度为34~36℃的条件下培养2~7天，得到代谢产物为有机酸；所述有机酸为丙酸、丁酸中的一种或多种；
所述氮气和二氧化碳的混合气体中氮气和二氧化碳的体积比70%~85%：15%~25%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的厌氧转化剩余污泥为有机酸的方法，其特征在于：在步骤S1中，所述污泥为剩余污泥。
3.根据权利要求1所述的厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法，其特征在于：在步骤S1中，所述铁筛为200目铁筛。
4.根据权利要求1所述的厌氧转化剩余污泥为甲烷和有机酸的方法，其特征在于：在步骤S1中，所述离心为5500~6500 rpm离心4~6min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的厌氧转化剩余污泥为有机酸的方法，其特征在于：所述培养基通过酸或碱调节pH为7.0~7.4。
6.根据权利要求1所述的厌氧转化剩余污泥为有机酸的方法，其特征在于：所述海藻酸钠的在培养基中的浓度为1~3g/L。
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