CN111017681A

CN111017681A - Self-service escape elevator car

Info

Publication number: CN111017681A
Application number: CN201811205556.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑晓波; 宋伟力; 郑祖平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-10-10
Filing date: 2018-10-10
Publication date: 2020-04-17

Abstract

The utility model provides a self-service elevator car of fleing, belongs to the elevator field: mainly constitute its characterized in that by structures such as towline 1 and car: a base 3 is arranged on a car frame cross beam 8, a rope wheel 2 is arranged on the base, the rope wheel is connected with a speed reducer 4, the speed reducer is connected with a brake motor 5, and the speed reducer and the brake motor are both fixed on the base 3; the hoisting rope 1 is firmly connected with the rope wheel 2 and is pre-wound with the length of about 3 meters; the brake motor is provided with an unlocking pull rod 6, and in an initial state, the brake motor and the rope wheel are locked and cannot rotate. When an accident happens, a passenger pulls the unlocking pull rod, the braking motor and the rope pulley are unlocked, then the rope pulley rotates, the traction rope 1 is placed by the rope pulley 2 for about 3 meters of length wound in advance, the lift car can slowly descend to the flat position under the action of the self gravity of the braking motor, and the passenger is helped to get rid of the trouble by himself. The mode is simple to operate, and can ensure that passengers get rid of the trouble conveniently, safely and quickly.

Description

Self-service escape elevator car

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of elevators, in particular to a self-help escape elevator car used when passengers are trapped in an elevator.

Technical Field

At present, the level of urbanization of human society is higher and higher, and the use amount of elevators is also higher and higher as high-rise buildings are repaired more and more, but faults sometimes occur due to long-term operation of the elevators. Particularly, passengers are often trapped in the elevator, so that the passengers are out of control in a narrow space to perform some irrational behaviors, and even people forcibly steal the door to escape at a non-flat position, so that tragedies such as falling and death occur.

However, China also perfects the management system of the elevator, for example, after passengers are specified to be trapped in the elevator, rescue workers must arrive within 30 minutes, so that the management cost in the use process of the elevator is undoubtedly increased, and anxiety is caused to the passengers.

Currently, in order to enable passengers to get out of the trapped state by self, there are roughly the following methods:

the first kind of automatic power-off leveling device is one spare accumulator, which supplies power to the elevator control system automatically to take over the control right and provide certain power to the elevator to level. However, the device can only solve the problem of power failure, and cannot be used for locking the elevator brake caused by other conditions.

The second type is that a simple ladder is arranged in the elevator car, an escape window is arranged on the top of the car, the ladder is hidden at ordinary times, passengers can take out the ladder by themselves when an accident happens, the escape window is opened, and the passengers climb out through the top of the car, but the escape window is dangerous and is unsuitable for most people.

And thirdly, a long rope is used for connecting the car with a brake in the machine room, and the other rope is connected with a turning gear in the machine room. The two ropes penetrate through the whole hoistway from top to bottom. In case of accident, the brake is opened by pulling one of the ropes, and then the barring gear in the machine room is rotated by pulling the other rope, so that the elevator can be lifted to the flat position. See the patent: a car type elevator capable of self-help escape, which has application number 201510825458.5. The disadvantage of this device is that two extra long ropes are required and must be tightened at the bottom, similar to two sets of speed limiting cables, or tied off. This is not suitable and the operation is not flexible enough for long shaft.

There are, of course, other ways, which are not listed here.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the mode, the invention provides a novel elevator car for self-help escape of passengers in a trapped state.

In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a self-service escape elevator car: mainly comprises a hoisting rope, a lift car frame and other structures; the car frame is composed of a cross beam, a vertical column, a bottom beam, a bottom plate and the like; a base is arranged in the middle of a cross beam of the car frame, a rope wheel is installed on the base, and a central shaft of the rope wheel is installed on the base through a bearing; a gear and a speed reducer are arranged on the side edge of the rope wheel, the speed reducer is connected with a brake motor, and the brake motor and the speed reducer are both fixed on a cross beam base of the car frame; the rope wheel is provided with a rope head combination, the hoisting rope is firmly connected with the rope head combination, the rope wheel is wound in advance for a plurality of circles, and the winding length is not less than the height of one floor. The elevator car is hung under a traction rope through the locked rope pulley, and the elevator normally runs in the state.

In addition, a hidden door (the height is more than 1.5 m to prevent children from touching) is arranged on the car wall, a pull rope is arranged in the hidden door, and the pull rope is connected with an unlocking pull rod of a brake motor; meanwhile, the car door is provided with an observation window and a lock (triangular lock) which can open the car door in an emergency.

When the elevator has an accident, the traction motor of the elevator machine room is locked by the original brake of the elevator and cannot operate, and the traction rope cannot be pulled, so that the passengers are difficult to get rid of the elevator car by themselves if the elevator car is not at the flat-bed position.

The rope wheel is arranged on the top of the car and is wound for a plurality of circles in advance, so that the traction rope has a scaling distance more than one floor height under the condition that the traction rope cannot be pulled, and the car can descend to the flat position under the action of gravity.

Under the circumstances of outage, when the elevator breaks down and is locked, the passenger opens the hidden door of establishing on the car wall, stay cord pulling brake motor's unblock pull rod through in the hidden door, the brake motor friction disc is loosened, the motor just can rotate, so the rope sheave is also released, elevator car is down under the effect of self gravity, and because the rope sheave is synchronous operation with brake motor, so the rope sheave is rotatory will drive brake motor rotatory, through choosing suitable reduction ratio, suitable spring pressure and braking piece frictional resistance isoparametric size, through the pulling force size of hand power control pull rod, can conveniently control the speed that the car descends. Under the best condition, when the full load is lowered, the speed of the device is not more than half of the normal operation speed, so as to ensure the use safety.

Meanwhile, trapped passengers can observe the position of the lift car relative to the landing door by observing an observation window arranged on the lift car door, or a corresponding landing position sensing device is arranged to sense whether the elevator reaches the landing; when the elevator reaches the leveling position, the passengers loosen their hands, the unlocking pull rod returns to the original position, the braking motor is locked, the rope wheel stops rotating, and the cage stops descending. Then, the passengers can open the car door and the landing door through the triangular key hidden in the hidden door, and safely evacuate the elevator from the trapped state, so that self-help escape is completed.

The above is a manual control for the passenger to operate without power.

In many cases the elevator is locked in a fault not because of a power outage but for other reasons, in which case it is still powered. When passengers are trapped under the condition, the downward button of the brake motor can be arranged in the hidden door, the passengers press the downward button after seeing an electric signal, and the brake motor moves downward to drive the lift car to descend at a low speed. The descending speed of the lift car can move downwards at a lower speed within a preset range by selecting a larger speed ratio of the speed reducer. When the passenger observes that the passenger reaches the flat-bed position through the observation window, the button is released, the lift car stops moving downwards, and the lift door can be opened to finish self-help escaping when the passenger is at the flat-bed position.

After a passenger leaves, the elevator is recovered to be operated by a maintenance person, an ascending button of a brake motor is arranged on the top of the car, the maintenance person climbs the top of the car and presses the ascending button of the brake motor, the brake motor drives a rope wheel to rotate in the rope winding direction, so that the car is driven to ascend, when the hoisting rope winds the rope wheel to reach the preset length, the button is released, the brake motor stops rotating and is locked, the rope wheel is also locked, and the elevator is recovered to the initial state capable of normally operating.

In order to make the elevator car slowly descend at a stable speed, the braking motor can be replaced by other braking modes, such as braking by a service brake similar to an automobile, so that the whole structure is more economical and simpler. The passenger pulls the unlocking pull rod of the brake through the pull rope to remove the locked state, then controls the descending speed of the car through controlling the tensioning degree of the unlocking pull rod to enable the car to descend to the flat position, then loosens the unlocking pull rod, the unlocking pull rod returns to the original position under the action of the spring, the brake is locked again, and then the passenger can get rid of the trouble by oneself. This structure is mature and simple and will not be described again.

After the passengers leave, the work of restoring the original state is finished by maintenance personnel, at the moment, the elevator is required to be firstly reduced to the lowest point to be placed on a foundation pit buffer, then the maintenance personnel loosens the hoisting rope through a barring gear on the roof, meanwhile, the maintenance personnel below manually rotate a rope wheel on the top of the car, so that the hoisting rope can be wound on the rope wheel in advance to the preset length and then is locked, and the elevator can be normally used.

Preferably, the brake motor is directly connected with the speed reducer, and the output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with the rope wheel shaft through a coupling. In order to prevent the elevator from dropping rapidly due to the failure of the friction plate or misoperation of passengers, an encoder for limiting speed is arranged at the end of the rope wheel shaft, and when the dropping speed of the elevator exceeds a certain value, a rotating speed signal detected by the encoder controls a brake positioned on the end surface of the rope wheel through a speed-limiting controller to lock the rope wheel, so that the elevator car is prevented from dropping rapidly. The rotating speed signal of this encoder converts elevator lifting speed signal and displacement signal into, shows in the car hidden door, and the operator is when controlling the elevator and descend, observes the speed that the elevator descends, and the pulling force size of accessible control haulage rope makes the elevator descend at safe speed within range.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: after the passenger is trapped in the elevator, the elevator car can be easily and safely transferred to the flat bed position, so that the passenger can get rid of the elevator by self, and the waiting time for rescue is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the sheave of the present invention;

description of reference numerals: 1, a hoisting rope; 2, a rope wheel; 3, a base; 4, a speed reducer; 5 braking the motor (brake); 6, unlocking the pull rod; 7, pulling a rope; 8, a cross beam; 9, a column; 10, a bottom plate; 11, a bottom beam; 12; and (6) combining rope ends.

Detailed Description

The following further describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, but the structure of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, which is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment 1 of the present device, in the figure, the lower end of a hoist rope 1 is fixed on a rope pulley 2, and the rope pulley is pre-wound for a certain length (slightly longer than the height of a building on one floor), the central shaft of the rope pulley 2 is installed on a base 3 through a bearing, and the base 3 is fixed in the middle of a cross beam 8; a gear and a speed reducer 4 are arranged on the side edge of the rope wheel 2, the speed reducer 4 is directly connected with a brake motor 5, and the brake motor 5 and the speed reducer 4 are both fixed on the base 3; the brake motor 5 is provided with an unlocking pull rod 6 (provided with a return spring), the unlocking pull rod 6 is connected with a pull rope 7, and the pull rope 7 droops down to the inside of a hidden door in the middle of the lift car (not shown).

In the initial state, the brake motor 5 is in power-off locking, because the brake motor 5 is tightly connected (meshed) with the rope pulley 2 through the speed reducer 4, under the condition that the brake motor 5 is in locking, the rope pulley 2 is also locked and can not rotate, the elevator car is hung under the traction rope 1 through the locked rope pulley 2, and the elevator normally runs in the state.

For better understanding of the structure of the design, please refer to fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of the rope pulley 2, wherein the rope pulley 2 is provided with a rope end combination 12, and the traction rope 1 is firmly connected to the rope end combination 12 and is pre-wound around the rope pulley for a certain number of turns. The length of the rope sheave winding is related to the specific floor height and should be treated differently in different situations.

In addition, a hidden door (not shown) is arranged on the car wall, the pull rope 7 can be pulled through the hidden door, and the height of the hidden door is more than 1.5 m so as to prevent children from touching the hidden door; meanwhile, the car door is provided with an observation window and a triangular lock (not shown) which can be opened by a triangular key. The observation window is arranged at the lowest point of the door, and the width of the observation window is not more than 10cm, and the height of the observation window is preferably 30-50 cm.

Referring to fig. 1, when an elevator has a power failure accident, a traction motor of an elevator machine room is locked by an original brake of the elevator, and cannot operate any more, and a traction rope 1 is also locked and cannot be pulled; at this moment, stranded personnel open hidden door (not shown), through stay cord 7 pulling unblock pull rod 6, brake motor 5 is unblock, just can rotate (outage state), so rope sheave 2 is also unblock, at this moment elevator car is down under the effect of self gravity, drive rope sheave and rotate, and because rope sheave 2 is connected (the meshing) through the reduction gear with brake motor 5, so brake motor also follows and rotates, provide the resistance moment through the inside braking friction disc of brake motor and prevent the elevator from descending fast, reach a balanced value, enable the elevator and descend slowly at a certain speed, the bigger is the reduction gear speed ratio, the friction disc braking moment of balanced elevator gravity just is littleer, operating personnel just can easily control elevator descent speed.

The elevator descending speed is judged by an operator through an elevator descending speed display meter in the hidden door, the speed is not suitable to be too high and is not more than half of the normal running speed of the elevator, and when the speed exceeds a preset certain value, a safety brake on the rope pulley acts to lock the brake motor and the speed reducer, so that the safety is guaranteed.

Meanwhile, at the lowest point of each floor door, the positions corresponding to the observation windows are marked with lines with the sizes of 50cm, 40cm, 30cm, 20cm, 10cm and 0 from top to bottom in sequence, trapped people observe the position of the car relative to the floor doors through the observation windows, when the lowest point of the car door reaches a scale line of 10cm, passengers loosen the pull rope 7, the unlocking pull rod 6 returns to the original position under the action of the spring, the brake motor 5 is locked, the rope pulley 2 stops rotating, and the car stops descending. Then, the passengers open the car door and the landing door through a triangular key hidden in the hidden door in advance, and safely evacuate the elevator from the trapped state, so that self-help escape is completed.

Above be manual operation, be applicable to the power failure situation, under the condition that the elevator is not cut off the power supply, above operation can also change into electrical operation: a descending button (not shown) of a brake motor is arranged in a hidden door of a car, a passenger opens the hidden door, directly presses the descending button of the car, the brake motor 5 rotates (runs) downwards to drive the car to descend, and when the situation that the car reaches a flat floor is observed, the button is loosened.

It should be noted that the brake motor is different from the brake motor widely used at present, and needs to be specially designed, for example, the locking state of the brake motor should be adapted to the long-term locking requirement of the brake. Also for example, the walls of the car should be additionally provided with handrails to prevent passengers from falling down as a result of sudden stops, but these features are not relevant to the features of this patent and are therefore not described in great detail.

After the passenger leaves, the elevator recovers the original state and needs to be operated by maintenance personnel, under the condition of an incoming call, the maintenance personnel climbs the top of the car and presses an ascending button of a brake motor 5 to drive a rope pulley 2 to rotate so as to drive the car to ascend, when the elevator ascends to a preset mark, after a traction rope 1 winds the rope pulley 2 to reach a preset length, the button is loosened, the brake motor stops rotating and is locked, the rope pulley is also locked, and the elevator recovers to the initial state capable of normally running.

Example 2:

in the embodiment 1, the brake motor is provided with the unlocking pull rod, and the device has wide application in the market, is a mature product and is completely feasible. However, there is still room for improvement in the operation of distinguishing between live and dead conditions, and also between manual and electrical operation, which is somewhat complicated for a passenger who never touches the device.

Embodiment 2 is basically the same as embodiment 1 in principle and structure, and a base 3 and a sheave 2 are installed on a car cross member 8, and a hoisting rope 1 is wound around the sheave 2 in advance by a certain length and braked by a brake motor 5, see fig. 1.

Different from the above, in the embodiment 2, the initial state of the braking motor is not the connection of an external power supply, but is connected with a resistor, the potential energy generated when the car descends is used for driving the braking motor to reversely rotate to generate power, so that the braking motor is changed into a power generation state, a resistance is provided for balancing the gravity of the car, and the car can slowly descend at a constant speed at a preset speed.

Although the lift car is heavy and is calculated according to 2 tons when the lift car is fully loaded, the lift car is 20000 newtons, but the lift car is connected with the brake motor through the speed reducer, and if the speed ratio of the speed reducer is 1: 200, the brake motor only needs to provide 100 newtons of resistance when generating electricity, and the weight of the lift car can be balanced and the lift car can be maintained to descend at a constant speed by combining 10 kilograms of force in popular science. Meanwhile, the rotating speed of the rotor on the motor side is 200 times faster than that of the traction wheel, even if the lift car descends at a slower speed, the rotating speed of the motor rotor is also larger, the motor rotor quickly slides in a magnetic field, and the generated Lorentz force is also large. Therefore, the car can descend at a proper speed and a uniform speed by setting proper parameters such as speed ratio, moment, magnetic field intensity, voltage, current, load and the like.

Preferably, under the condition of full load, the speed is set to be 0.2-0.3 m/s, so that when only one passenger in the car has one person, the gravity (pulling force) is smaller, the descending speed is slower, and the safety is higher.

Meanwhile, as in embodiment 1, the brake motor 5 is provided with a release lever 6 or the like. When a fault occurs, a passenger opens the hidden door, and only needs to pull the unlocking pull rod 6 through the pull rope 7 to unlock the brake motor 5, the lift car can descend at a slow constant speed under the action of self gravity to drive the brake motor to generate electricity (the connection resistor is in a power generation state at the moment), and potential energy of the brake motor is changed into electric energy, so that the electric energy is consumed through the resistor. When the passenger observes that the lift car reaches the flat-layer position through the observation window, the passenger loosens the hand, and unblock pull rod 6 resets under the spring action, and brake motor 5 is deadlocked, and the lift car stops steadily the back, and the passenger just can utilize the triangle key hidden in the hidden door to open the door, easily gets rid of poverty.

In this way, the operating buttons of the brake motor are all arranged on the top of the car and are used for the maintenance personnel to operate, the maintenance personnel only need to switch off the resistor and switch on the external power supply to change the brake motor from a power generation state to an electric state, the maintenance personnel presses the uplink button, the brake motor 5 moves upwards, after the hoisting rope winding rope sheave reaches the preset length of about one floor height, the button is released and then locked, then the external power supply is switched off, and the resistor is switched on.

In the mode, the passenger does not need an external power supply or manually control the speed of the passenger, the speed is operated within a preset range, and other operations are not needed, so that the passenger is a safe and simple operation mode.

Claims

1. A self-service escape elevator car: the elevator car frame mainly comprises a structure such as a hauling rope and a car frame, wherein the car frame comprises a cross beam, a stand column, a bottom beam, a bottom plate and the like; the method is characterized in that: a base is arranged on a cross beam of the car frame, a rope wheel is arranged on the base, and a central shaft of the rope wheel is arranged on the base through a bearing; the rope wheel is connected with the speed reducer, and the speed reducer is connected with the brake motor; the brake motor and the speed reducer are both fixed on the crossbeam base; the rope wheel is provided with a rope head combination, the hoisting rope is firmly connected with the rope head combination, and the rope wheel is wound in advance for a plurality of circles; the brake is provided with an unlocking pull rod, the unlocking pull rod is connected with a pull rope, and the pull rope is connected into the cab hidden door in a pulling mode.

2. The self-service escape elevator car as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the initial state, the hoisting rope is wound on the rope pulley in advance by a length which is slightly higher than one floor.

3. The self-service escape elevator car as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the initial state, the brake motor is in a power-off locking state.