CN111014934A - Method for preparing metal laminar composite material by high-energy pulse current-assisted ultrasonic consolidation - Google Patents
Method for preparing metal laminar composite material by high-energy pulse current-assisted ultrasonic consolidation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111014934A CN111014934A CN201911402573.6A CN201911402573A CN111014934A CN 111014934 A CN111014934 A CN 111014934A CN 201911402573 A CN201911402573 A CN 201911402573A CN 111014934 A CN111014934 A CN 111014934A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
- B23K20/103—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding using a roller
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a metal laminated composite material by high-energy pulse current-assisted ultrasonic consolidation, which comprises the steps of preparing one or more metal foils, cleaning oil stains on the surface of the metal foils and drying the metal foils for later use; connecting a pulse current power supply with ultrasonic consolidation equipment to ensure that the strip/substrate between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse current is a unique passage; applying a pulse electric field with current density and frequency in the ultrasonic consolidation process by adopting a synchronous coupling mode to complete the consolidation of the metal foil in a single pass; and after the third step is finished, repeating the third step as required to realize the layer-by-layer accumulative consolidation of the metal foil, finally preparing the metal laminated composite material with different thicknesses/layers, and obtaining the high-energy pulse current assisted ultrasonic consolidation to prepare the metal laminated composite material. The method utilizes the electro-plastic effect of the pulse current to improve the plasticity of the material substantially differently from the traditional method for improving the plasticity of the material by the thermal effect, and can improve the plastic deformation capability of the material instantly under the condition of little temperature rise.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a metal layered composite material, in particular to a method for preparing a metal layered composite material by high-energy pulse current-assisted ultrasonic consolidation, and belongs to the field of preparation of layered composite materials.
Background
The metal layered composite material and the structure (comprising the same and different metal layered composite materials, the metal foam (honeycomb) sandwich plate, the layered electrode composite material and the like) have wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, ships, ground weapons, rail transit, automobile manufacturing, power electronics and the like due to excellent mechanical and functional characteristics. In order to overcome the defects of the traditional forming and manufacturing process (such as explosion forming, rolling compounding, brazing and the like) of the metal laminar composite material, in recent years, the U.S. develops an ultrasonic direct layer-by-layer consolidation forming and rapid manufacturing technology. The ultrasonic consolidation forming and manufacturing technology is a novel metal rapid forming and additive manufacturing technology after a metal 3D printing technology using high-energy three beams (laser, electron beam and plasma beam) as a heat source. The forming technology does not need external energy input, and only under the action of ultrasonic energy and static pressure, metal atoms at the interface are mutually diffused to complete solid-state physical metallurgical bonding, so that solid-state connection and forming among metal foils are realized. However, due to the limitations of transducer power and the performance of material strength of specific kinds of metals, the ultrasonic consolidation forming technology cannot be applied to consolidation forming and manufacturing of high-strength metal foils (such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, etc.) or foils with large thickness at normal temperature. Consolidating high strength metals currently often requires the introduction of an additional heat source (substrate heating), but this method causes a number of problems such as: long preheating and cooling time, complex processing procedure, overlarge influence of environmental conditions on the processing technology, local residual stress caused by large temperature difference and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a metal laminated composite material by high-energy pulse current-assisted ultrasonic consolidation, which aims to overcome the defects of long preheating and cooling time, complex processing procedure, overlarge influence of environmental conditions on a processing process, local stress residue caused by temperature change and the like when a traditional substrate heating mode is adopted to ultrasonically consolidate the metal laminated composite material.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for preparing a metal laminar composite material by high-energy pulse current auxiliary ultrasonic consolidation comprises an ultrasonic rapid consolidation technology and a pulse current rapid processing technology, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing one or more metal foils, cleaning oil stains on the surface of the metal foils and drying the metal foils for later use;
connecting a pulse current power supply with ultrasonic consolidation equipment to ensure that the strip/substrate between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse current is a unique passage;
step three, applying a pulse electric field with current density and frequency in the ultrasonic consolidation process by adopting a synchronous coupling mode to complete the consolidation of the metal foil in a single pass;
and step four, after the step three is finished, repeating the step three processes as required to realize the layer-by-layer accumulation consolidation of the metal foil, finally preparing the metal laminated composite materials with different thicknesses/layers, and obtaining the high-energy pulse current auxiliary ultrasonic consolidation to prepare the metal laminated composite materials.
In the step one, the metal foil is made of titanium alloy, stainless steel, copper alloy, aluminum alloy and other metal foils with different thicknesses;
in the second step, the consolidation connection mode of the pulse current and the ultrasonic wave can be a fixed electrode mode and a movable electrode mode;
in the third step, the pulse current density is not higher than 10A/mm2, and the frequency is not higher than 450 Hz;
and in the fourth step, the thickness of the metal foil can be set, and the metal foil is used for preparing metal laminated composite materials with different layer-thickness ratios.
The innovation points of the invention are as follows:
(1) at present, the ultrasonic consolidation for preparing the high-strength metal (titanium alloy, stainless steel and the like) laminated composite material usually needs a substrate heating mode to improve the plastic deformation capacity of the metal material, and the required temperature is higher and higher (100 ℃ and 300 ℃) along with the increase of the strength and the thickness of the metal foil to be formed. The problem that follows is that the substrate is first preheated before the material preparation is carried out, and the sampling can be carried out after the temperature of the substrate is reduced after the solidification is finished. Compared with the traditional forming method, the temperature rise is extremely small (less than 5 ℃) in the process of utilizing the pulse current to assist the ultrasonic consolidation, the whole operation process can be completed at room temperature, the temperature rise and temperature reduction time is not reserved, and the preparation efficiency of the metal laminar composite material is improved.
(2) After the metal laminated composite material obtained by a traditional substrate heating mode under a high-temperature consolidation condition is cooled, a large local stress is remained at the interface, so that the overall performance of the material is influenced to a certain extent, and the phenomenon of interlayer cracking can be caused. The layered composite material prepared by pulse current assisted ultrasonic consolidation has no large temperature difference from preparation to finished products, dislocation can be pushed to move under the action of electronic wind power peculiar to pulse current, local deformation stress is released, and the finally obtained layered composite material has low internal stress and uniform distribution.
(3) The plasticizing capacity of the pulse current electro-plastic plasticizing method adopted by the invention to the high-strength metal material is several times of that of the traditional thermoplastic plasticizing capacity, so that the metal foil with higher strength and thickness can also realize the preparation of the rapid layered composite material theoretically.
(4) The metal laminar composite material prepared by the invention can be processed in the atmosphere without a gas protection or vacuum device, and has the advantages of simple equipment and low processing cost.
(5) The invention can be matched with a numerical control milling center to realize the rapid additive manufacturing of the metal laminated composite material, and can prepare the laminated composite material and parts with the gradient function.
(6) Because the substrate does not need to be heated and the formed structure does not need to be heated and insulated, functional components such as a thermocouple, piezoelectric ceramics, optical fibers and the like can be arranged in the layered composite material structure to prepare intelligent components with different functions.
(7) The method can be used for quickly preparing the metal laminated composite material, the consolidation speed is not lower than 25mm/s, the automation degree is higher, and the time and the labor cost are greatly saved.
(8) The invention can prepare the metal laminar composite material with any number of layers and realize the manufacture of the component with a certain shape by matching with the corresponding material reduction process. The preparation of the layered composite material with any thickness under a certain number of layers can be realized by changing the thickness of each layer of foil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method utilizes the electro-plastic effect of the pulse current to improve the plasticity of the material substantially differently from the traditional method for improving the plasticity of the material by the thermal effect, and can improve the plastic deformation capability of the material instantly under the condition of little temperature rise.
(2) Tests and analyses show that the diffusion distance of titanium and aluminum atoms on the interface of the titanium-aluminum layered composite material obtained by the pulse current-assisted ultrasonic consolidation is larger than that of an ultrasonic consolidation sample obtained by a traditional substrate heating mode, and the results prove that the metallurgical bonding of the interface is more sufficient and the consolidation quality is better.
(3) According to the peeling experiment result, the interface peeling strength of the titanium-aluminum laminated composite material obtained by the pulsed current assisted ultrasonic consolidation is higher than that of a titanium-aluminum laminated composite material sample consolidated by the substrate heating ultrasonic consolidation, and the interface mechanical property is more excellent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a production apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of a titanium-aluminum layered composite;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the interface of the titanium-aluminum layered composite material;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a scanning spectrum of the interface region of the titanium-aluminum layered composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a novel preparation method capable of quickly preparing a layered composite material at room temperature, and aims to overcome the defects that the traditional substrate heating mode is adopted to carry out ultrasonic consolidation on a metal layered composite material, the preheating and cooling time is long, the processing procedure is complex, the environmental conditions have excessive influence on the processing technology, the local stress residue is caused by temperature change, and the like.
In order to improve the processing capability and widen the application range of the ultrasonic consolidation manufacturing technology and enable the ultrasonic consolidation manufacturing technology to be applied to consolidation forming manufacturing of metal foils with higher strength and larger thickness, the invention provides a novel technology for manufacturing and preparing metal laminated composite materials by adopting pulse current auxiliary synchronous coupling ultrasonic consolidation according to a pulse current processing forming theory. The method utilizes the electro-plastic effect of pulse current to promote the diffusion and dislocation motion of metal atoms, reduce the metal deformation resistance, improve the metal plastic deformation capability and realize the ultrasonic rapid consolidation forming and additive manufacturing of the high-strength and large-thickness metal foil at room temperature.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method for preparing the layered composite material by pulse current auxiliary ultrasonic consolidation synchronous coupling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) cleaning oil stains on the surface of the metal foil material by using alcohol, and drying for later use.
(2) Connecting a pulse current positive and negative power supply to a strip clamping stand column of ultrasonic consolidation equipment, and performing insulation protection to ensure that a pulse current flows through the path: positive power supply-strip/substrate-negative power supply.
(3) A single-layer metal foil/two-layer metal foil is taken as a consolidation unit, and a pulse current auxiliary ultrasonic consolidation process is carried out by selecting proper technological parameters. The main parameters are as follows: ultrasonic amplitude is 1-40 μm, static pressure is 1-2500N, consolidation speed is 1-1800mm/s, and pulse current density is 0.1-10A/mm 2.
(4) The above consolidation operations are repeated in the same consolidation unit lay-up. And after the proper number of layers and thickness of the composite laminated material are obtained, removing corners by using milling operation to obtain the metal laminated composite material or the metal laminated component.
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail by the following specific examples, it should be understood that these examples are for illustrating the present invention, but not limiting the present invention, and the present invention is simply modified on the premise of the concept of the present invention, and all of them fall into the scope of the claimed invention.
Example 1
Taking Ti foil and Al foil with the thickness of 0.2mm, removing surface dirt and grease by using alcohol, and then drying for standby. A total of 5 consolidated units were prepared with a Ti foil-Al foil combination as one consolidated unit with Ti foil above and Al foil below.
In the preparation of the pulse current assisted ultrasonic consolidation titanium-aluminum layered composite material, the specific process parameters are as follows: the ultrasonic amplitude is 40 μm, the static pressure is 2000N, the consolidation speed is 25mm/s, the pulse current density is 1.35A/mm2, the pulse current frequency is 150Hz, and the schematic diagram of the preparation device is shown in figure 1. And (3) finishing the consolidation of the foil units of the first time by adopting the parameters, and repeating the process parameters to prepare the titanium-aluminum laminated composite material with five consolidation units.
As can be seen from the section micrograph (attached figure 2) of the titanium-aluminum layered composite material prepared by the embodiment, the interface bonding between the Ti layer and the Al layer is good, and no obvious cracking or defect exists. The thickness of each layer is uniform, straight and regular, and the conditions of large-range damage, extrusion deformation and the like are avoided. In order to further judge the metallurgical bonding condition of the interface of the titanium-aluminum laminated composite material prepared by the invention, a scanning electron microscope is used for obtaining a high-power scanning picture of the Ti/Al interface (shown in figure 3). As can be seen from FIG. 3, after the pulsed current assisted ultrasonic consolidation, the original interfaces of the Ti foil and the Al foil are completely fused, and the good metallurgical bonding interface characteristics are shown. Fig. 4 is an EDS energy spectrum scanning result performed on the interface, and it can be seen from the result that Ti atoms and Al atoms in the consolidation interface region respectively diffuse to the opposite region to different extents, which proves that the interface of the titanium-aluminum layered composite material prepared by pulsed current-assisted ultrasonic consolidation at room temperature in the microscopic level realizes solid-state metallurgical bonding.
In summary, the following steps: the invention discloses a method for preparing a metal laminar composite material by rapid forming, and relates to the technical field of ultrasonic consolidation and pulse current rapid processing. The invention replaces the necessary substrate continuous heating mode in the traditional ultrasonic consolidation high-strength metal process, and realizes the purpose of improving the plasticity of the material by virtue of the electro-plastic effect of the pulse current and instantaneous synchronous coupling of the ultrasonic energy field. The method comprises the following steps: ti foil and Al foil with the thickness of 0.2mm are taken, alcohol is used for removing dirt and grease on the surface, and a pulse current auxiliary ultrasonic consolidation method is carried out to prepare the titanium-aluminum layered composite material, wherein the amplitude of ultrasonic waves is 40 mu m, the static pressure is 2000N, the consolidation speed is 25mm/s, the pulse current density is 1.35A/mm2, and the pulse current frequency is 150 Hz. The interface bonding strength of the laminar composite material prepared by the method is good, each layer is complete and uniform, and the interface deformation is small. The technical scheme of the invention is simple and convenient to operate, and solves the problems caused by continuous high-temperature heating of the substrate in the past, such as long preheating and cooling time, overlarge interlayer residual stress caused in the heating and cooling process of the prepared material, and the like. And test analysis shows that the diffusion distance of titanium and aluminum atoms on the interface of the titanium-aluminum layered composite material obtained by pulse current assisted ultrasonic consolidation is larger than that of an ultrasonic consolidation sample obtained by a traditional substrate heating mode, so that interface metallurgical bonding is more sufficient, the bonding strength of the interface is higher, and the quality of a consolidated and formed metal layered material is better.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing a metal laminar composite material by high-energy pulse current auxiliary ultrasonic consolidation comprises an ultrasonic rapid consolidation technology and a pulse current rapid processing technology, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preparing one or more metal foils, cleaning oil stains on the surface of the metal foils and drying the metal foils for later use;
connecting a pulse current power supply with ultrasonic consolidation equipment to ensure that the strip/substrate between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse current is a unique passage;
step three, applying a pulse electric field with current density and frequency in the ultrasonic consolidation process by adopting a synchronous coupling mode to complete the consolidation of the metal foil in a single pass;
and step four, after the step three is finished, repeating the step three processes as required to realize the layer-by-layer accumulation consolidation of the metal foil, finally preparing the metal laminated composite materials with different thicknesses/layers, and obtaining the high-energy pulse current auxiliary ultrasonic consolidation to prepare the metal laminated composite materials.
2. The method for preparing the metal laminated composite material by the high-energy pulse current-assisted ultrasonic consolidation according to claim 1, wherein the metal foil in the first step is a metal foil of titanium alloy, stainless steel, copper alloy, aluminum alloy and the like with different thicknesses.
3. The method for preparing metal laminated composite material by high-energy pulse current auxiliary ultrasonic consolidation according to claim 1, wherein the connection mode of pulse current and ultrasonic consolidation in the second step can be a fixed electrode mode and a movable electrode mode.
4. The method for preparing metal laminar composite material by high-energy pulse current auxiliary ultrasonic consolidation according to claim 1, wherein the pulse current density in the three steps is not higher than 10A/mm2, and the frequency is not higher than 450 Hz.
5. The method for preparing the metal laminated composite material by the high-energy pulse current-assisted ultrasonic consolidation according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metal foil in the fourth step can be set, and the metal foil is used for preparing the metal laminated composite materials with different layer-thickness ratios.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN112626320A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-09 | 华南理工大学 | Pulse current assisted ultrasonic rolling surface strengthening device and method |
| CN112941280A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for preparing soft and hard composite metal material in situ by adopting pulse current |
| CN114571056A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-03 | 太原理工大学 | Method for connecting metal and carbon fiber composite material by using electric activation assisted ultrasonic wave |
| CN115194314A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-10-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multifunctional field auxiliary manufacturing method for hollow turbine blade made of hard-to-deform material |
| CN115740491A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-03-07 | 燕山大学 | Method for preparing 3D printing heterogeneous material with excellent interface performance based on pulse current |
| CN115815776A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-03-21 | 中北大学 | Ultrasonic-electric field assisted vacuum hot-pressing heterogeneous interface diffusion forming device and process |
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| CN114571056A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-03 | 太原理工大学 | Method for connecting metal and carbon fiber composite material by using electric activation assisted ultrasonic wave |
| CN115194314A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-10-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multifunctional field auxiliary manufacturing method for hollow turbine blade made of hard-to-deform material |
| CN115740491A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-03-07 | 燕山大学 | Method for preparing 3D printing heterogeneous material with excellent interface performance based on pulse current |
| CN115815776A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-03-21 | 中北大学 | Ultrasonic-electric field assisted vacuum hot-pressing heterogeneous interface diffusion forming device and process |
| CN115815776B (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-05-16 | 中北大学 | Ultrasonic-electric field assisted vacuum hot-pressing heterogeneous interface diffusion forming device and process |
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Application publication date: 20200417 |