CN111014543A - Method for preparing high-tungsten high-cobalt-nickel alloy shaped charge liner by hot die forging for reducing deformation dead zone - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-tungsten high-cobalt-nickel alloy shaped charge liner by hot die forging for reducing deformation dead zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN111014543A CN111014543A CN201911169284.6A CN201911169284A CN111014543A CN 111014543 A CN111014543 A CN 111014543A CN 201911169284 A CN201911169284 A CN 201911169284A CN 111014543 A CN111014543 A CN 111014543A
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- die forging
- tungsten
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of liner processing, and relates to a method for preparing a high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy liner by hot die forging for reducing deformation dead zones. The alloy comprises the following components: 15-30 wt.% cobalt, 25-45 wt.% tungsten, the balance being nickel and unavoidable residual elements. The preparation method of the liner comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a blank; 2) heating the blank to 1000-1250 ℃, preserving heat for 30-120 min, putting the blank into a preheated die, and performing die forging on a hydraulic press. And determining the initial blank size by combining a numerical simulation technology and taking the criterion that the equivalent strain of the minimum strain area is more than or equal to 0.3 and the height/diameter ratio of the blank is less than or equal to 2.0. The method can obtain the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner forge piece with good forming, no obvious deformation dead zone and fine and uniform crystal grains, further optimizes the process for preparing the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner by hot die forging, and has the advantages of simplicity, easy operation and higher economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liner processing, and relates to a method for preparing a high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy liner by hot die forging, which can effectively reduce deformation dead zones.
Background
The liner is the primary element in the shaped charge structure that forms the jet or projectile. In the working process of the energy-gathered charge structure, the explosive type cover lined in the recess of the energy-gathered charge structure is compressed into a columnar high-speed metal jet by the energy-gathered effect generated by explosive charges, and the energy-gathered jet has the characteristics of high energy density and strong directionality and can be used for penetrating hard targets such as armor, rocks and the like. Research shows that as a final executor of the energy gathering effect, the geometric shape and the dimensional precision of the liner, the density, the grain structure, the mechanical property and the like of the liner material are important for the length, the speed and the continuous stability of the formed jet and the final penetration performance of the jet.
The preparation technology of the existing common shaped charge liner comprises the following steps: turning, hot die forging, spinning, swing grinding, stamping and the like. The turning is to directly turn the bar into the shape of the shaped cover, the operation is simple, but the internal structure of the final finished product cannot be improved, the performance is poor, and the material utilization rate is low. The spinning, stamping and swing-grinding shaped liner also has the defects of deformed texture, uneven internal structure, mixed crystal, larger performance anisotropy and the like. The hot die forging forming has the advantages of simple operation, relatively mature process, high production efficiency and high material utilization rate, and is a feasible process for preparing the liner.
It should be noted that the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy belongs to a single-phase austenite alloy and contains a large amount of alloying elements, and the deformation processing characteristics thereof are as follows: 1) the alloy belongs to single-phase alloy, cannot refine grains through annealing phase change, and must refine grains through deformation; 2) the work hardening rate is high during cold deformation, the single-pass deformation cannot be too large, and otherwise, the cracking phenomenon is easy to occur; 3) in order to obtain a uniform and fine fully recrystallized structure, it is necessary to perform press working above the dynamic recrystallization temperature of the alloy, resulting in a relatively small "window" temperature interval suitable for deformation during thermal deformation; 4) the dynamic recrystallization temperature is higher because the recrystallization activation energy of the alloy is higher.
Therefore, when the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy is subjected to hot die forging, the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy needs to be heated to a very high temperature for sufficient deformation so as to obtain a fine and uniform complete recrystallization structure.
Because the die forging process of the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy belongs to single-pass near-net forming, the flow of metal in the deformation process is influenced by various factors such as temperature, friction, stress, dies and the like, and deformation dead zones are easy to occur in the die forging process. The metal in the deformation dead zone in the thermal deformation process does not deform enough, so that complete recrystallization cannot occur, original coarse grains are reserved in the deformation dead zone, the structure and the performance of the forged piece are uneven, and the performance of the forged piece is seriously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner, which can obtain a high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner without a deformation dead zone, has good molding, fine and uniform crystal grains, excellent mechanical properties and high material utilization rate, and meets the use requirements of high-efficiency shaped charge liners and the low-cost manufacturing requirements.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner by hot die forging for reducing deformation dead zones is characterized in that the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-45 wt.% of tungsten, 15-30 wt.% of cobalt, and the balance nickel and unavoidable residual elements; the preparation steps are as follows:
1) cutting a cylindrical blank from the alloy bar stock;
2) heating the blank, and then placing the heated blank into a preheated die for die forging forming;
further, the size of the alloy bar in the step 1) needs to be subjected to numerical simulation in a hot die forging process according to the size of the liner forging, and the size of the initial bar is determined by taking the minimum strain area equivalent strain more than or equal to 0.3 and the blank height/diameter ratio less than or equal to 2.0 as criteria.
Further, in the die forging process in the step 2), the blank with the sheath is heated to 1000-1250 ℃ and is kept warm for 30-120 min before die forging.
Further, in the die forging process in the step 2), the die is preheated at the preheating temperature of 200-600 ℃ before die forging.
Further, in the step 2), in the die forging process, a layer of lubricating grease is coated on the surface of the die cavity before die forging, and the lubricating grease is selected from the following components: graphite, molybdenum disulfide and boron nitride.
Further, in the die forging process in the step 2), a hydraulic quick forging machine is adopted as deformation equipment.
Furthermore, the liner is in a conical or segmental structure.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-tungsten high-cobalt-nickel alloy shaped charge liner, which can be known through computer numerical simulation that the smaller the diameter of an initial bar stock is, the smaller the deformation dead zone of a forging is, as shown in figure 1. Therefore, the diameter of the small-sized bar stock is favorable for eliminating the dead zone of the forging deformation, but the diameter of the forging is too small, and the height-diameter ratio of the blank is too large, so that the defects of bending, folding and the like can occur in the deformation process. It is desirable to optimize the range of starting diameters of the billet. The method for optimizing the deformation dead zone by adjusting the diameter of the bar provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement and has unexpected effects.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, the die forging process is simulated through numerical simulation, and a field experiment is combined to determine the relation between the deformation dead zone of the forge piece and the size of the initial bar, and the local minimum strain of the forge piece in the blank material deformation performance process can be ensured by using the equivalent strain of the minimum strain zone not less than 0.3, so that complete dynamic recrystallization can be ensured to locally occur. And the height/diameter ratio of the blank is less than or equal to 2.0, so that the defects of bending, folding and the like of the blank in the deformation process are avoided, and one-time near-net forming is realized.
2) In the die forging process, a large-tonnage hydraulic press is adopted, the load is applied stably in the deformation process, the interior of the blank is fully deformed, the mold filling is good, one-step forming can be realized, the secondary growth of crystal grains caused by repeated remelting and temperature rise is avoided, and the fine and uniform internal structure of the crystal grains is ensured to be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of initial bar diameter versus liner die forging deformation dead zone.
FIG. 2 shows the grain structure of the high-tungsten high-cobalt alloy liner forging obtained in example 1 of the present invention after heat treatment.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A preparation process of a segmental high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a high-tungsten high-cobalt alloy round bar blank for the shaped charge liner, and blanking in a linear cutting mode, wherein the high-tungsten high-cobalt alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% tungsten and 19% cobalt, the balance nickel and unavoidable impurity elements.
2) And (4) carrying out computer numerical simulation, and determining the optimal blank size range by taking the minimum strain area equivalent strain more than or equal to 0.3 and the blank height/diameter ratio less than or equal to 2.0 as criteria.
3) Preheating a mould at 200 ℃; heating the sheathed blank to 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, coating a layer of high-temperature-resistant lubricating grease on the surface of a die cavity, heating the blank, putting the heated blank into a preheated die, and performing die forging forming on a hydraulic press.
4) And (4) machining the shaped charge liner forging to obtain a part with the surface, shape and size meeting the requirements.
Example 2
A preparation process of a segmental high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a high-tungsten high-cobalt alloy round bar blank for the shaped charge liner, and blanking in a linear cutting mode, wherein the high-tungsten high-cobalt alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 34% tungsten and 20% cobalt, balance nickel and unavoidable impurity elements.
2) And (4) carrying out computer numerical simulation, and determining the optimal blank size range by taking the minimum strain area equivalent strain more than or equal to 0.3 and the blank height/diameter ratio less than or equal to 2.0 as criteria.
3) Preheating a mould at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃; heating the blank with the sheath to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, coating a layer of high-temperature-resistant lubricating grease on the surface of a die cavity of the die, heating the blank, putting the heated blank into a preheated die, and performing die forging forming on a hydraulic press.
4) And (4) machining the shaped charge liner forging to obtain a part with the surface, shape and size meeting the requirements.
Example 3
A preparation process of a segmental high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a high-tungsten high-cobalt alloy round bar blank for the shaped charge liner, and blanking in a linear cutting mode, wherein the high-tungsten high-cobalt alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 36% tungsten and 19% cobalt, balance nickel and inevitable impurity elements.
2) And (4) carrying out computer numerical simulation, and determining the optimal blank size range by taking the minimum strain area equivalent strain more than or equal to 0.4 and the blank height/diameter ratio less than or equal to 1.8 as criteria.
3) Preheating a mould at the preheating temperature of 400 ℃; heating the blank with the sheath to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, coating a layer of high-temperature-resistant lubricating grease on the surface of a die cavity of the die, heating the blank, putting the heated blank into a preheated die, and performing die forging forming on a hydraulic press.
4) And (4) machining the shaped charge liner forging to obtain a part with the surface, shape and size meeting the requirements.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for preparing a high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner by hot die forging, which effectively reduces deformation dead zones, eliminates the deformation dead zones, has the advantages of good molding, high material utilization rate, uniform internal structure, fine crystal grains and excellent mechanical properties, further optimizes the process for preparing the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner by hot die forging, and is simple and easy to implement and has higher economic benefits.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and all the modifications of the equivalent structure and equivalent flow path, or the direct or indirect application to other related technical fields, should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner by hot die forging for reducing deformation dead zones is characterized in that the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-45 wt.% of tungsten, 15-30 wt.% of cobalt, and the balance nickel and unavoidable residual elements; the method comprises the following steps:
1) cutting a cylindrical blank from the alloy bar stock;
2) and heating the blank, and then putting the heated blank into a preheated die for die forging forming.
2. The method for preparing the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy liner by hot die forging for reducing the deformation dead zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 1) performing numerical simulation on the alloy bar size in the hot die forging process according to the size of the liner forging, and determining the initial bar size by taking the minimum strain area equivalent strain not less than 0.3 and the blank height/diameter ratio not more than 2.0 as criteria.
3. The method for preparing the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy liner by hot die forging for reducing the deformation dead zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 3) in the die forging process, the blank with the sheath is heated to 1000-1250 ℃ and is kept warm for 30-120 min before die forging.
4. The method for preparing the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy liner by hot die forging for effectively reducing the deformation dead zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 2) in the die forging process, preheating the die before die forging, wherein the preheating temperature is 100-600 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy liner by hot die forging for reducing the deformation dead zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 2) in the die forging process, a layer of lubricating grease is smeared on the surface of a die cavity of the die before die forging, and the lubricating grease is selected from the following components: graphite, molybdenum disulfide and boron nitride.
6. The method for preparing the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy liner by hot die forging for reducing the deformation dead zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 2) in the die forging process, the deformation equipment adopts a forging hydraulic press or a hydraulic quick forging machine.
7. The method for preparing the high-tungsten high-cobalt nickel alloy shaped charge liner by hot die forging with the deformation dead zone reduced as in claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the liner is in a conical or segmental structure.
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| US4771818A (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1988-09-20 | Alumax Inc. | Process of shaping a metal alloy product |
| CN85103156A (en) * | 1985-04-21 | 1986-03-10 | 李声寿 | Improve a kind of simple new technology of high-temperature alloy forging quality |
| CN103302214A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-09-18 | 北京科技大学 | Difficultly-deformed nickel-based superalloy superplastic forming method |
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