CN111010995A - Fresh corn ear picking test bed - Google Patents
Fresh corn ear picking test bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN111010995A CN111010995A CN201911345224.5A CN201911345224A CN111010995A CN 111010995 A CN111010995 A CN 111010995A CN 201911345224 A CN201911345224 A CN 201911345224A CN 111010995 A CN111010995 A CN 111010995A
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims description 74
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
- A01D45/02—Harvesting of standing crops of maize, i.e. kernel harvesting
- A01D45/021—Cornheaders
- A01D45/025—Snapping rolls
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D47/00—Headers for topping of plants, e.g. stalks with ears
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of test auxiliary machinery, and particularly relates to a fresh corn ear picking test bed which comprises an ear picking platform 1, a stem conveying device 2, a traction platform 3, a guide rail type chassis 4 and a traction belt 5; the ear picking platform 1 is used for cutting and picking corn stalks; the guide rail type chassis 4 is positioned below the ear picking platform 1, and one end of the guide rail type chassis is connected with the traction platform 3; the stalk conveying device 2 is arranged between the ear picking platform 1 and the guide rail type chassis 4 and can move back and forth along the guide rail under the traction of the traction belt 5; the upper surface of the guide rail type chassis 4 is provided with a groove-shaped track, and the front side and the rear side of the guide rail type chassis are provided with circular joints which can be fixed with the traction table 3. The invention can complete the performance and reliability tests of the ear picking header with different structural parameters indoors, has novel and simple structure, strong repeatability of the tests, short test period, less required testers, high efficiency and low labor intensity, and also avoids the environmental pollution and the damage to the human bodies of the testers in the field test process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular relates to a fresh corn ear picking test bed, and belongs to the field of auxiliary machinery for tests.
Background
In recent years, the planting area of fresh corn in China is rapidly expanded, and the planting area is increased from 200 ten thousand mu in 2003 to 2000-2200 ten thousand mu in 2018; the number of approved varieties also increased from 8 varieties to 56 varieties. Nowadays, the planting scale of fresh corn is continuously enlarged, and China is the world with the largest fresh corn production country and the largest fresh corn consumption country. However, the production process of the fresh-eating corn mainly depends on manpower, the labor burden of farmers is greatly increased, and the planting and popularization of the fresh-eating corn are also seriously hindered. The existing corn harvesting machinery has the problems of high damage rate and high loss rate to fresh corn and the like. Accelerating the development of fresh-eating corn harvesting mechanization is the urgent priority of the fresh-eating corn planting industry in China.
The corn harvester ear picking platform is a device which is matched with a main machine of the corn harvester, finishes the separation of corn ears and straws and conveys the corn ears to a conveying part. The ear picking platform is one of the core components of the corn combine harvester, and the quality of the technical performance of the ear picking platform directly influences the operation quality of the corn combine harvester. The ear picking header has poor performance, so that the ear picking effect of fresh corn is not ideal enough, the ear picking loss is large, the damage to the ears is serious, and the mechanical harvesting operation efficiency is low. Through a large amount of researches, parameters such as rotating speed, torsion and torque of the ear picking header can reflect the operation conditions such as stem pulling and ear picking of the ear picking header, the transmission efficiency and the power loss; the temperature variable and the distance variable of the ear picking header after running for a certain time can reflect the assembly quality, the working stability and the reliability of the ear picking header, and the parameters are integrated to accurately reflect the assembly quality and the reliability of the ear picking header on the whole. Therefore, in the early stage of developing a snapping header of a corn harvester, a series of related performance tests are necessary to determine the operation performance and reliability of the snapping header.
At present, the comprehensive performance test of the corn harvester ear picking platform in China is mainly to install the corn harvester ear picking platform on an operating machine (such as a main machine of a corn harvester), and the test needs to be completed through a large number of field tests. The disadvantages of this test method are: the test can be performed only on the corn ear picking table with one structural parameter at a time, the disassembly and the assembly are difficult, and the test repeatability is poor; the required testing personnel are more, the efficiency is low, and the labor intensity is high; the resource waste is serious, the test period is long, and the environmental pollution is serious. Therefore, there is a need to develop a fresh corn ear picking test bed which can perform a test without using a working machine, so as to improve the test efficiency and reduce the test cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fresh corn ear picking test bed to solve the two problems of high damage rate of fresh corn, high field test cost and low efficiency of the traditional corn machine in the background technology. The test bed can simulate and complete the test of the assembly quality and reliability of the ear picking platform of the corn harvester indoors, and can perform test research on the corn ear picking technology by changing performance parameters such as roller distance, feeding speed, stem cutting angle and the like, thereby providing data support for the research of the corn ear picking platform.
The invention discloses a fresh corn ear picking test bed which comprises an ear picking platform 1, a stalk conveying device 2, a traction platform 3, a guide rail type chassis 4 and a traction belt 5;
the ear picking platform 1 is used for cutting and picking corn stalks;
the guide rail type chassis 4 is positioned below the ear picking platform 1, and one end of the guide rail type chassis is connected with the traction platform 3;
the stalk conveying device 2 is arranged between the ear picking platform 1 and the guide rail type chassis 4 and can move back and forth along the guide rail under the traction of the traction belt 5;
the upper surface of the guide rail type chassis 4 is provided with a groove-shaped track, and the front side and the rear side of the guide rail type chassis are provided with circular joints which can be fixed with the traction table 3.
Preferably, the ear picking platform comprises a cutting table 11, a stalk pulling device 12, an ear pulling roller 13, a longitudinal positioning slide block 14, a hydraulic pump 15, a machine frame 16 and a connecting bridge 17;
the ear pulling roller is arranged in the rack 16, and the cutting table 11 is arranged on the outer side wall of the other end of the rack 16; the header 11 can change the front and rear position.
Preferably, the header 11 comprises a reciprocating cutter 111, a hydraulic pump 112, a gear 113, a gear seat 114, a positioning bolt 115, a transverse positioning slide block 116 and a chain 117;
the reciprocating type cutting knife 111 is arranged at the front part of the header 11 and comprises a knife holder 1111, a movable knife 1112 and a fixed knife 1113, the fixed knife 1113 is welded at the lower part of the front surface of the mounting plate, and the movable knife 1112 slides left and right on the upper surface of the fixed knife 1113 and is used for transversely cutting off straws; the hydraulic pump 112 is arranged on the gear seat 114, and drives the reciprocating cutting knife 111 to perform reciprocating motion through gear transmission and chain transmission; the upper end of the gear seat 114 is connected with the gear 113 and the hydraulic pump 112 through bolt connection, and the lower end is fixedly connected with the transverse positioning slide block 116. The lateral positioning slider 116 can move back and forth and is fixed in position by a positioning bolt 115.
Preferably, the stalk-pulling device 12 comprises a stalk-pulling frame, a reel 121, a rotating shaft 122, a ball bearing 123, a reel-throwing wheel 124, a hydraulic motor 125, a tension wheel 126, a driving wheel 127, a clamping belt 128 and a driven wheel 129;
the stem drawing frame is a main part of the stem drawing device 12;
the hydraulic motor 125 is installed on a hydraulic motor seat of the stalk pulling frame and is installed by using bolts, and the grain throwing wheel 124 and the driving wheel 127 rotate clockwise under the driving of the hydraulic motor 125;
the driving wheel 127 is provided with a clamping belt 128, the other end of the clamping belt 128 is mounted on a driven wheel 129 to drive the reel 121 to rotate, the driven wheel 129 and the reel 121 are mounted on the rotating shaft 122 at the same time, a tension wheel 126 is mounted on the shaft pin, the tension wheel 126 tensions the triangular belt, and the transmission ratio of the driving wheel 127 to the driven wheel 129 is 1: 1, the stem pulling devices 12 are distributed in a mirror symmetry manner in pairs and are arranged on the frame 16.
Preferably, the ear pulling rollers 13 comprise a hollow ear pulling roller 131 and a solid ear pulling roller 132;
the ear pulling roller 13 is matched with a mounting shaft on the frame 16, one end of the ear pulling roller 13 is mounted on an ear pulling roller seat on the stalk pulling frame, and the other end of the ear pulling roller is mounted in a sliding block at the rear end of the ear picking platform, so that the inclination angle of a main shaft of the ear pulling roller is variable, and the ear pulling roller 13 can change the roller distance through threaded connection at two ends.
Preferably, in the machine frame 16, a frame is composed of a front cross beam, a rear cross beam, a left longitudinal beam, a right longitudinal beam, a left longitudinal beam and a right longitudinal beam, the front cross beam and the rear cross beam are parallel to each other, the four feet of the longitudinal beams extend downwards to stably support the ear picking table on the ground, and the ear picking table plays a role in lifting the cutting table 11 and the ear pulling roller; a header 11 is arranged on a cantilever beam extending forwards from the crossbeam; the top end of the longitudinal beam is provided with a front cross beam and a rear cross beam which are parallel and discontinuous, and the discontinuous parts on the two sides of the cross beams are provided with screw holes which are connected and fixed with the stem pulling frame through bolts; rectangular holes are formed in the two longitudinal beams parallel to each other on the rear side of the rack 16 and the cantilever beams extending forwards from the two cross beams, and sliding blocks are mounted on the rectangular holes; the sliding blocks on the two parallel longitudinal beams control the lower end of the ear pulling roller to slide up and down so as to change the ear picking angle of the ear pulling roller; the slide block on the cantilever beam is used for fixing the front and back displacement position of the header 11.
Preferably, the stalk conveying device 2 comprises a conveying frame 21, a traction hole 22, a walking wheel 23, a stalk clamping mechanism 24 and a stalk distance fixing mechanism 25;
the two ends of the conveying frame 21 are provided with traction holes 22, the lower ends of the conveying frame are fixed with walking wheels 23, and the middle of the conveying frame is connected with a rod distance fixing mechanism 25 through bolt connection;
the straw clamping mechanism 24 is fixed on the frame 21 through a straw distance fixing mechanism 25 and used for clamping corn straws.
Preferably, the straw clamping mechanism 24 comprises a straw sleeve 241, a pipe sleeve 242, a straw fastening bolt 243 and a mounting base 244;
the pipe sleeve 242 is sleeved on the straw sleeve 241 through a straw fastening bolt 243;
the straw sleeve 241 is welded on the mounting base and is a section of hollow round pipe, an opening pipe sleeve matched with the straw fastening bolt 243 is sleeved on the upper portion of the straw sleeve 241, rubber gaskets can be overlapped inside the straw sleeve 241 according to the diameters of different corn plants for clamping the corn plants with different diameters, the length of the straw sleeve 241 is larger than 10cm and smaller than the mounting height of the cutter table, and the straw sleeve 241 cannot touch a cutter when being conveyed to the lower portion of the cutter table along with a conveying vehicle.
Two wings are arranged at the lower part of the mounting base 244 and are pressed and fixed by the lower frame 21, the upper rubber plate 252 and the fixed pressing plate 251; threaded holes are evenly distributed at the two sides and the middle position of the frame 21, the rubber plate 252 and the fixed pressure plate 251; the screw holes are used in cooperation with the base fastening bolts 243 to fasten the stationary platen 251. The position of the mounting base 244 can be adjusted according to the planting distance of the corn, and the actual state of field operation is simulated.
Preferably, the rod distance fixing mechanism 25 includes a fixing pressure plate 251, a rubber plate 252 and a base fastening bolt 253;
the rubber plates 252 are disposed between the two wings of the mounting base 244 and the fixed pressing plate 251, and are pressed by the fixed pressing plate 251, and the fixed pressing plate 251 is connected to the conveying frame through the base fastening bolts 253.
Preferably, the traction table 3 comprises a motor 31, a coupling 32, a fixed pulley 33, a small fixed pulley 34, a traction table base 35, a traction belt 36 and a joint 37;
the motor 31 is arranged on a traction table base 35 and connected with the fixed pulley 33 through a coupler 32 to provide power for corn conveying, one end of the traction belt 36 is connected with the fixed pulley 33, and the other end of the traction belt is connected with the stalk conveying device 2 around the small fixed pulley 34 to play a role in traction of the conveying vehicle to move.
The fresh corn ear picking test bed has the following beneficial effects:
1. this fresh corn ear picking test bench carries out experimental research to corn ear picking technique through performance parameters such as change roll spacing, feeding speed, stem cutting angle, provides data support for the research of corn ear picking bench, novel structure, and mechanical efficiency is high.
2. The ear picking test bed can be used for testing the performance and reliability of the ear picking header with different structural parameters indoors, is simple in structure, strong in repeatability of tests, short in test period, few in required testers, high in efficiency and low in labor intensity, and further avoids environmental pollution and personal damage to the testers in the field test process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a fresh corn ear picking test bed of the invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the ear picking platform mounting rack of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a reciprocating header of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a stem pulling device of the present invention 1
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a stem pulling device of the present invention 2
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the ear pulling roller of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a stalk conveyor according to the present invention
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a traction table according to the present invention
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1 ear picking platform, 2 stalk conveying device, 3 traction platform, 4 guide rail type chassis and 5 traction belt
11 cutting table, 12 stalk pulling device, 13 ear pulling roller, 14 longitudinal positioning slide block, 15 hydraulic pump, 16 machine frame and 17 connecting bridge
111 reciprocating cutting knife, 112 hydraulic pump, 113 gears, 114 gear seat, 115 positioning bolt, 116 transverse positioning slide block and 117 chain
1111 knife seat, 1112 moving knife, 1113 fixed knife
121 reel, 122 rotating shaft, 123 ball bearing, 124 reel, 125 hydraulic motor, 126 tension wheel, 127 driving wheel, 128 clamping belt and 129 driven wheel
131 hollow ear pulling rollers and 132 solid ear pulling rollers
21 conveying frame, 22 traction holes, 23 walking wheels, 24 straw clamping mechanisms and 25 straw distance fixing mechanisms
241 straw sleeve, 242 pipe sleeve, 243 straw fastening bolt and 244 mounting base
251 fixed pressure plate, 252 rubber plate and 253 base fastening bolt
31 motor, 32 shaft coupling, 33 fixed pulley, 34 small fixed pulley, 35 traction table base, 36 traction belt and 37 joint
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments and the directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used in the explanation of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one broad embodiment of the invention, the fresh corn ear picking test bed comprises an ear picking platform 1, a stalk conveying device 2, a traction platform 3, a guide rail type chassis 4 and a traction belt 5. The ear picking platform 1 is used for cutting and picking corn stalks. The guide rail type chassis 4 is positioned below the ear picking platform 1, and one end of the guide rail type chassis is connected with the traction platform 3. The stalk conveying device 2 is arranged between the ear picking platform 1 and the guide rail type chassis 4 and can move back and forth along the guide rail under the traction of the traction belt 5.
The ear picking platform comprises a cutting table 11, a stalk pulling device 12, an ear pulling roller 13, a longitudinal positioning slide block 14, a hydraulic pump 15, a rack 16 and a connecting bridge 17. The ear pulling roller is installed inside the frame 16, and the cutting table 11 is installed on the outer side wall of the other end of the frame 16. The header 11 can change the front and back position to explore the influence of the relative position of the header 11 and the stalk pulling device 12 on the straw shearing.
The header 11 comprises a reciprocating cutting knife 111, a hydraulic pump 112, a gear 113, a gear seat 114, a positioning bolt 115, a transverse positioning slide block 116 and a chain 117.
Reciprocating type cutting knife 111 is arranged in header 11 front portion, including blade holder 1111, move sword 1112, stationary knife 1113 welds the lower part in the front surface of mounting panel, move the sword 1112 and slide left and right at stationary knife 1113 upper surface and be used for transversely cutting off the straw. The hydraulic pump 112 is arranged on the gear seat 114, and drives the reciprocating cutting knife 111 to perform reciprocating motion through gear transmission and chain transmission. The upper end of the gear seat 114 is connected with the gear 113 and the hydraulic pump 112 through bolt connection, and the lower end is fixedly connected with the transverse positioning slide block 116. The lateral positioning slider 116 can move back and forth and is fixed in position by a positioning bolt 115.
The stalk pulling device 12 comprises a stalk pulling frame, a reel 121, a rotating shaft 122, a ball bearing 123, a stalk throwing wheel 124, a hydraulic motor 125, a tension wheel 126, a driving wheel 127, a clamping belt 128 and a driven wheel 129. The welding of frame 16 upper surface center department has perpendicular roof beam, perpendicular roof beam top bolted connection crossbeam constitutes the connecting bridge, and installation axle for install ear of grain roller 13 is drawn in lower surface department welding. The frame 16 is as the carrier of other auxiliary parts, draw stem device 12 trunk be "L" shape hollow steel frame, its one end lateral surface welding hydraulic motor seat, six screw holes of equipartition on it for install hydraulic motor 125, the shaft hole runs through the upper and lower surface of drawing stem device 12 trunk, the mount pad is mutually supported, will draw stem device 12 to install on plucking ear of grain platform frame 16, the tight pulley seat welds perpendicularly and draws stem device 12 trunk inboard, there is the slot hole on the tight pulley seat, the slot hole runs through the upper and lower surface of tight pulley seat, in the corner apart from "L" shape hollow steel frame, in the lower surface welding who draws stem device 12 trunk have draw ear of grain roller seat. The tail end of the L-shaped hollow steel frame is welded with a driven wheel seat which is used for installing a driven wheel 129 of the stem pulling device 12, the stem pulling frame is a main part of the stem pulling device 12, a hydraulic motor 125 is installed on the hydraulic motor seat of the stem pulling frame and is installed by using a bolt, under the driving of the hydraulic motor 125, a grain throwing wheel 124 and a driving wheel 127 rotate clockwise, a clamping belt 128 is installed on the driving wheel 127, the other end of the clamping belt 128 is installed on the driven wheel 129 to drive a grain pulling wheel 121 to rotate, the driven wheel 129 and the grain pulling wheel 121 are installed on a rotating shaft 122 at the same time, a tension wheel 126 is installed on a shaft pin, the tension wheel 126 tensions the triangular belt, and the transmission ratio of the driving wheel 127 to the driven wheel: 1, the stem pulling devices 12 are distributed in a mirror symmetry manner in pairs and are arranged on the frame 16 to form a feeding type stem pulling device.
The ear pulling roller 13 comprises a hollow ear pulling roller 131 and a solid ear pulling roller 132, the ear pulling roller 13 is matched with a mounting shaft on the rack 16, one end of the ear pulling roller 13 is mounted on an ear pulling roller seat on the stalk pulling frame, and the other end of the ear pulling roller is mounted in a sliding block at the rear end of the ear picking platform, so that the inclination angle of a main shaft of the ear pulling roller is variable. The ear pulling roller 13 can change the roller spacing through threaded connection at two ends, and is used for researching the influence of the roller spacing on ear picking of fresh corn.
In the machine frame 16, a frame is composed of a front cross beam, a rear cross beam, a left longitudinal beam and a right longitudinal beam which are parallel to each other, four downward extending feet of the longitudinal beams stably support the ear picking table on the ground, and the ear picking table plays a role in lifting the cutting table 11 and the ear pulling roller. The header 11 is installed on the cantilever beam that the crossbeam extends forward. The top end of the longitudinal beam is provided with a front cross beam and a rear cross beam which are parallel and discontinuous, screw holes are arranged at the discontinuous positions of the two sides of the cross beams, and the cross beams are fixedly connected with the stem pulling frame through bolts. Rectangular holes are formed in the two longitudinal beams parallel to each other on the rear side of the rack 16 and the cantilever beams extending forwards from the two cross beams, and sliding blocks are installed on the rectangular holes. The sliding blocks on the two parallel longitudinal beams control the lower end of the ear pulling roller to slide up and down. So as to change the picking angle of the ear pulling roller. The slide block on the cantilever beam is used for fixing the front and back displacement position of the header 11.
The stalk conveying device 2 comprises a conveying frame 21, a traction hole 22, a walking wheel 23, a stalk clamping mechanism 24 and a stalk distance fixing mechanism 25. The two ends of the conveying frame 21 are provided with traction holes 22, the lower ends of the conveying frame are fixed with walking wheels 23, and the middle of the conveying frame is connected with a rod distance fixing mechanism 25 through bolt connection. The straw clamping mechanism 24 is fixed on the frame 21 through a straw distance fixing mechanism 25 and used for clamping corn straws.
Wherein, the straw clamping mechanism 24 comprises a straw sleeve 241, a pipe sleeve 242, a straw fastening bolt 243 and a mounting base 244. The pipe sleeve 242 is sleeved on the straw sleeve 241 through a straw fastening bolt 243. The straw sleeve 241 is welded on the mounting base and is a section of hollow round pipe, and the upper part of the straw sleeve 241 is sleeved with an open pipe sleeve matched with the straw fastening bolt 243 for use; the inside of the straw sleeve 241 can be overlapped with rubber gaskets according to the sizes of different diameters of corn plants, and is used for clamping the corn plants with different diameters. The length of the straw sleeve 241 is larger than 10cm and smaller than the installation height of the cutter table, so that the straw sleeve 241 cannot touch the cutter when being conveyed to the position below the cutter table along with the conveying vehicle. During operation is with vertical straw sleeve of putting into of maize straw, and the straw sleeve pipe plays certain supporting role to the maize plant, screws up straw fastening bolt, fixes the maize plant, makes maize straw slope or lodging because of the vibrations of machine when preventing to test.
As shown in fig. 7, two wings are provided at the lower part of the mounting base 244, and the two wings are pressed and fixed by the lower frame 21, the upper rubber plate 252 and the fixed pressing plate 251; threaded holes are evenly distributed at the two sides and the middle position of the frame 21, the rubber plate 252 and the fixed pressure plate 251; the screw holes are used in cooperation with the base fastening bolts 243 to fasten the stationary platen 251. The position of the mounting base 244 can be adjusted according to the planting row spacing of the corn, so that the actual state of field operation can be well simulated, and technical support is provided for the research and development of the corn mechanical harvesting technology and equipment. Meanwhile, the straw sleeve 241, the pipe sleeve 242 and the straw fastening bolt 243 are set, so that the problem that the corn straw is easy to fall down in the conveying process due to the fact that the corn straw is high in gravity center and unstable in clamping is solved.
The rod distance fixing mechanism 25 comprises a fixed pressing plate 251, a rubber plate 252 and a base fastening bolt 253. The rubber plates 252 are disposed between the two wings of the mounting base 244 and the fixed pressing plate 251 and are pressed by the fixed pressing plate 251. The fixed pressing plate 251 is connected with the conveying vehicle frame through a base fastening bolt 253.
The traction table 3 comprises a motor 31, a coupler 32, a fixed pulley 33, a small fixed pulley 34, a traction table base 35, a traction belt 36 and a joint 37. The motor 31 is arranged on a traction table base 35 and connected with a fixed pulley 33 through a coupler 32 to provide power for corn conveying. One end of the traction belt 36 is connected with the fixed pulley 33, and the other end of the traction belt is connected with the stalk conveying device 2 by winding the small fixed pulley 34, so that the function of traction of the conveying vehicle is achieved.
The upper surface of the guide rail type chassis 4 is provided with a groove-shaped track, and the front side and the rear side of the guide rail type chassis are provided with circular joints which can be fixed with the traction table 3.
The working process of the ear picking test bed of the invention is as follows:
before working, the corn stalks are clamped on the stalk conveying device 2.
When the device works, the hydraulic motor 125 is started, the whole machine runs in no-load mode, the device to be stripped runs stably, the angle of the ear pulling roller 13 and the position of the cutting table 11 are adjusted to be proper positions, the starting motor 31 rotates through the fixed pulley 33 connected with the output shaft of the motor through the coupler 32, and the belt 36 is contracted. The traction belt 36 drives the stalk conveyor 2 to move smoothly along the track. Meanwhile, under the driving of the hydraulic motor, the grain throwing wheel 124 and the driving wheel 127 rotate clockwise, a triangular belt 128 is installed on the driving wheel 127, the other end of the triangular belt 128 is installed on a driven wheel 129 to drive the grain pulling wheel 121 to rotate, the driven wheel 129 and the grain pulling wheel 121 are installed on the rotating shaft 122 at the same time, a tension wheel 126 is installed on a shaft pin, and the tension wheel 126 tensions the triangular belt 128 to pull the corn stalks contacted with the stalk conveying device 2. Meanwhile, the bottom of the stalk is cut off while advancing into contact with the cutter 111. After the clamping device finishes clamping the upper parts of the corn stalks, the corn stalks are conveyed to the rear part of the ear picking platform 1 along with the moving clamping belt 128, and ears at the lower ends of the corn stalks are broken off by the inclined ear pulling rollers 13 in the process of conveying the corn stalks backwards. The remaining stalks are transported away by the grain throwing wheel 124.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fresh corn ear picking test bed is characterized by comprising an ear picking platform (1), a stalk conveying device (2), a traction platform (3), a guide rail type chassis (4) and a traction belt (5);
the ear picking platform (1) cuts and picks up corn stalks;
the guide rail type chassis (4) is positioned below the ear picking platform (1), and one end of the guide rail type chassis is connected with the traction platform (3);
the stalk conveying device (2) is arranged between the ear picking platform (1) and the guide rail type chassis (4) and can move back and forth along the guide rail under the traction of the traction belt (5);
the upper surface of the guide rail type chassis (4) is provided with a groove-shaped rail, and the front side and the rear side of the guide rail type chassis are provided with circular joints which can be fixed with the traction table (3).
2. The fresh corn ear picking test stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the ear picking stand comprises a cutting stand (11), a stalk pulling device (12), an ear pulling roller (13), a longitudinal positioning slide block (14), a hydraulic pump (15), a frame (16) and a connecting bridge (17);
the ear pulling roller is arranged in the rack (16), and the cutting table (11) is arranged on the outer side wall of the other end of the rack (16); the header (11) can change the front and rear positions.
3. The fresh corn ear picking test stand according to claim 2, characterized in that the cutting platform (11) comprises a reciprocating cutter (111), a hydraulic pump (112), a gear 113, a gear seat (114), a positioning bolt (115), a transverse positioning slide block (116) and a chain (117);
the reciprocating type cutting knife (111) is arranged at the front part of the header (11) and comprises a knife holder (1111), a movable knife (1112) and a fixed knife (1113), the fixed knife (1113) is welded at the lower part of the front surface of the mounting plate, and the movable knife (1112) slides left and right on the upper surface of the fixed knife (1113) and is used for transversely cutting off straws; the hydraulic pump (112) is arranged on the gear seat (114) and drives the reciprocating cutting knife (111) to do reciprocating motion through gear transmission and chain transmission; the upper end of the gear seat (114) is connected with a gear 113 and a hydraulic pump (112) through bolt connection, and the lower end of the gear seat is fixedly connected with a transverse positioning sliding block (116); the transverse positioning slide block (116) can move back and forth, and is fixed by a positioning bolt (115).
4. The fresh corn ear picking test bed as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the stem pulling device (12) comprises a stem pulling frame, a reel (121), a rotating shaft (122), a ball bearing (123), a grain throwing wheel (124), a hydraulic motor (125), a tension wheel (126), a driving wheel (127), a clamping belt (128) and a driven wheel (129);
the stem drawing frame is a main body part of the stem drawing device (12);
the hydraulic motor (125) is arranged on a hydraulic motor seat of the stalk pulling frame and is arranged by utilizing a bolt, and the grain throwing wheel (124) and the driving wheel (127) rotate clockwise under the driving of the hydraulic motor (125);
the utility model discloses a set up reel, including axis (122), axis (126), drive wheel (127), centre gripping belt (128) are equipped with on action wheel (127), the other end of centre gripping belt (128) is installed on driven wheel (129), drives reel (121) and rotates, driven wheel (129) and reel (121) are installed simultaneously on axis of rotation (122), take-up pulley (126) are installed on the axis of rotation, take-up pulley (126) carry out the tensioning setting to the V belt, the drive ratio of action wheel (127) and driven wheel (129) is 1: 1, the stem pulling devices (12) are distributed in a pairwise mirror symmetry manner and are arranged on the frame (16).
5. The fresh-corn ear-picking test stand according to claim 2, characterized in that the ear-pulling rollers (13) comprise a hollow ear-pulling roller (131) and a solid ear-pulling roller (132);
the ear pulling roller (13) is matched with a mounting shaft on the rack (16), one end of the ear pulling roller (13) is mounted on an ear pulling roller seat on the stalk pulling frame, the other end of the ear pulling roller is mounted in a slide block at the rear end of the ear picking platform, so that the inclination angle of a main shaft of the ear pulling roller is variable, and the ear pulling roller (13) can change the roller distance through threaded connection at the two ends.
6. The fresh corn ear picking test bed according to claim 2, characterized in that in the machine frame (16), a front cross beam and a rear cross beam which are parallel to each other and a left longitudinal beam and a right longitudinal beam which are parallel to each other form a frame, four feet extending downwards from the longitudinal beams stably support the ear picking platform on the ground and play a role in lifting the cutting platform (11) and the ear pulling roller; a header (11) is arranged on a cantilever beam extending forwards from the crossbeam; the top end of the longitudinal beam is provided with a front cross beam and a rear cross beam which are parallel and discontinuous, and the discontinuous parts on the two sides of the cross beams are provided with screw holes which are connected and fixed with the stem pulling frame through bolts; rectangular holes are formed in the two longitudinal beams parallel to each other on the rear side of the rack (16) and the cantilever beams extending forwards from the two cross beams, and sliding blocks are mounted on the rectangular holes; the sliding blocks on the two parallel longitudinal beams control the lower end of the ear pulling roller to slide up and down so as to change the ear picking angle of the ear pulling roller; the slide block on the cantilever beam is used for fixing the front and back displacement position of the cutting table (11).
7. The fresh corn ear picking test bed according to claim 1, characterized in that the stalk conveying device (2) comprises a conveying frame (21), a traction hole (22), a travelling wheel (23), a stalk clamping mechanism (24) and a stalk distance fixing mechanism (25);
the two ends of the conveying frame (21) are provided with traction holes (22), the lower end of the conveying frame is fixed with a travelling wheel (23), and the middle of the conveying frame is connected with a stalk distance fixing mechanism (25) through bolt connection;
the straw clamping mechanism (24) is fixed on the frame (21) through a straw distance fixing mechanism (25) and is used for clamping corn straws.
8. The fresh corn snapping test stand of claim 7, wherein the straw clamping mechanism (24) comprises a straw sleeve (241), a pipe sleeve (242), a straw fastening bolt (243) and a mounting base (244);
the pipe sleeve (242) is sleeved on the straw sleeve (241) through a straw fastening bolt (243);
the straw sleeve (241) is welded on the mounting base and is a section of hollow round tube, an opening tube sleeve matched with the straw fastening bolt (243) for use is sleeved on the upper portion of the straw sleeve (241), rubber gaskets can be stacked in the straw sleeve (241) according to the diameters of different corn plants for clamping the corn plants with different diameters, the length of the straw sleeve (241) is larger than 10cm and smaller than the mounting height of the cutter table, and the straw sleeve (241) cannot touch a cutter when being conveyed to the position below the cutter table along with the conveying vehicle;
two wings are arranged at the lower part of the mounting base (244), and the two wings are pressed and fixed by a lower frame (21), an upper rubber plate (252) and a fixed pressing plate (251); threaded holes are evenly distributed on the two sides and the middle position of the frame (21), the rubber plate (252) and the fixed pressure plate (251); the threaded holes are used for being matched with the base fastening bolts (243) to fasten the fixed pressing plate (251), and the position of the mounting base (244) can be adjusted according to the planting distance of the corn to simulate the actual state of field operation.
9. The fresh corn snapping test stand of claim 6, wherein the stalk distance fixing mechanism (25) comprises a fixing pressure plate (251), a rubber plate (252) and a base fastening bolt (253);
the rubber plates (252) are arranged between two wings of the mounting base (244) and the fixed pressing plates (251) and are pressed by the fixed pressing plates (251), and the fixed pressing plates (251) are connected with the conveying frame through base fastening bolts (253).
10. The fresh corn ear picking test stand of claim 1, characterized in that the traction table (3) comprises a motor (31), a coupling (32), a fixed pulley (33), a small fixed pulley (34), a traction table base (35), a traction belt (36) and a joint (37);
the motor (31) is arranged on the traction table base (35) and is connected with the fixed pulley (33) through the coupler (32) to provide power for corn conveying, one end of the traction belt (36) is connected with the fixed pulley (33), and the other end of the traction belt is connected with the straw conveying device (2) through the small fixed pulley (34) to play a role in traction of the conveying vehicle.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911345224.5A CN111010995B (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Fresh corn ear picking test bed |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911345224.5A CN111010995B (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Fresh corn ear picking test bed |
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| CN111010995A true CN111010995A (en) | 2020-04-17 |
| CN111010995B CN111010995B (en) | 2022-09-16 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114303630A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-04-12 | 山东理工大学 | Corn header ear picking device of up-down inertia force type |
| CN115004937A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-06 | 河南农业大学 | Fresh corn picking device |
| CN116406564A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-07-11 | 山东常林机械集团股份有限公司 | Efficient corn harvester |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101019483A (en) * | 2007-03-17 | 2007-08-22 | 山西中天石科贸有限公司 | Multipurpose self-propelled corn harvester |
| CN107873238A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-06 | 吉林大学 | A kind of bionical harvesting harvesting-platform of towed fresh edible maize |
-
2019
- 2019-12-24 CN CN201911345224.5A patent/CN111010995B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101019483A (en) * | 2007-03-17 | 2007-08-22 | 山西中天石科贸有限公司 | Multipurpose self-propelled corn harvester |
| CN107873238A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-06 | 吉林大学 | A kind of bionical harvesting harvesting-platform of towed fresh edible maize |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114303630A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-04-12 | 山东理工大学 | Corn header ear picking device of up-down inertia force type |
| CN114303630B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-03-31 | 山东理工大学 | Corn header ear picking device of up-down inertia force type |
| CN115004937A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-06 | 河南农业大学 | Fresh corn picking device |
| CN115004937B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-10-27 | 河南农业大学 | Fresh corn picking device |
| CN116406564A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-07-11 | 山东常林机械集团股份有限公司 | Efficient corn harvester |
| CN116406564B (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-11-07 | 山东常林机械集团股份有限公司 | Efficient corn harvester |
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| CN111010995B (en) | 2022-09-16 |
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