CN111007790B

CN111007790B - Ship damage management monitoring reliability improvement design system and method

Info

Publication number: CN111007790B
Application number: CN201911142453.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石芳菲; 陈晨; 刘杰; 吕赟; 张玺; 周陈喜; 姚庆辰
Original assignee: Shanghai Institute Of Ship Electronic Equipment 726 Institute Of China Ship Heavy Industry Corp
Current assignee: Shanghai Institute Of Ship Electronic Equipment 726 Institute Of China Ship Heavy Industry Corp
Priority date: 2019-11-20
Filing date: 2019-11-20
Publication date: 2021-02-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-20
Also published as: CN111007790A

Abstract

The invention provides a design system and a method for improving the reliability of ship damage management monitoring, wherein different damage management stations are divided aiming at a cabin structure of a ship, and each damage management station is provided with a damage management display and control console which is used as a management layer of a distributed architecture; the PLC distributed stations form field monitoring equipment, the field monitoring equipment is distributed in each cabin, data information is collected and transmitted to a network, a control instruction is received, and corresponding instruction operation is executed to serve as a control layer of a distributed architecture; the system consists of various sensors and execution mechanisms and is used as a data layer of a distributed architecture. The invention provides a design method for realizing high-reliability fault tolerance without increasing excessive redundancy design, so that the system can avoid damage accidents caused by unexpected faults and ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. The monitoring system is suitable for the ship damage management environment with multiple cabins, multiple stations and complex structure, the monitoring function of the damage management area is ensured to be normal by taking over the designated standby damage management display and control console during fault, and the operation is safer and more reliable.

Description

Ship damage management monitoring reliability improvement design system and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of automatic control reliability design, in particular to a design method and a system for improving the reliability of ship damage monitoring.

Background

To ensure the safety, reliability and vitality of the ship, a damage management system with complete functions, advanced technology, reliable equipment and quick response is urgently needed to be established to implement damage management. The installation of a damage management monitoring system on a ship becomes a key for ensuring that relevant personnel can master the safety condition of the whole ship in time. At present, the damage monitoring system has gradually developed into a modern intelligent system with functions of visualization, evaluation, decision, control and prediction. The large ship utilizes the PLC technology to construct a distributed intelligent damage management monitoring system. The PLC is a programmable logic controller, is a high-efficiency industrial field control device, is based on a programmable memory, has functions of executing logic operation, sequence control, timing, counting algorithm operation and the like facing to user instructions, and controls the working state of various machines through the input and output of digital or analog signals. Although the PLC is designed and manufactured under severe working conditions and influenced by various factors, such as overhigh temperature, overlarge humidity, overlarge vibration and impact, serious electromagnetic interference or improper installation and use, insufficient anti-interference measures of peripheral circuits and the like, if the PLC fails, the normal, safe and reliable operation of the whole control system is directly influenced, so that the reliability of the whole control system is greatly reduced, and even serious damage accidents such as mistaken application of a fire extinguishing agent and the like occur.

In order to improve the reliability of the system, measures are generally adopted, such as improving the environmental conditions as much as possible and meeting the operating requirements of the PLC, for example, an isolation transformer, a filter and a stabilized voltage power supply are used, and shielding measures are adopted to improve the electromagnetic environment, but the method has the defect that the possibility of faults cannot be eliminated; or, a PLC product which has higher reliability and can adapt to a complex application environment is selected, and the defect that the misoperation in a PLC fault state cannot be avoided; or, adopt the redundant technology, increase one or more equal functional parts, and make every part coordinate the synchronous operation through certain redundant logic, when a certain part breaks down, can replace its function by the redundant part, guarantee the systematic normal operation, its disadvantage lies in increasing the complexity, cost, space consumption of the system; or paying attention to the ordinary maintenance and maintenance work of the system, replacing easily-worn parts in time, reasonably and normatively reducing the fault occurrence rate by using a PLC control system and the like, and having the defect of increased maintenance cost; alternatively, designing a fault detection program improves the system operational reliability, with the disadvantage that the occurrence of faults cannot be reduced.

The prior art related to the present application is patent document CN 204507212U, and provides an automatic balancing device for adjusting ship attitude, which includes a sensor group, a data collector group, a communication network, a controller group, a pump group, a remote control valve, and a monitoring station, wherein the sensor group is connected to the communication network through the data collector group, the pump group and the remote control valve are connected to the communication network through the controller group, and the data collector group, the controller group, and the monitoring station are interconnected through the communication network. The defect that the traditional damage management monitoring platform device cannot automatically perform attitude balance is overcome, the current parameters of the ship are acquired through the sensor group and the data acquisition unit group, the monitoring platform performs balance decision according to the current parameters of the ship, and then the automatic control of opening and closing of the ballast pump, the balance valve switch, the cabin drainage pump and the oil pump and the water pump is realized through the controller group, so that the automatic balancing device with higher automation degree and higher balancing speed is provided for the captain of the ship, and the speed of ship body balance is greatly improved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for improving the reliability of monitoring the damage of a ship.

According to the ship damage management monitoring reliability improvement design system provided by the invention, a distributed architecture is adopted, and the system comprises:

loss control monitoring platform module: different damage management stations are divided according to the cabin structure of the ship, each damage management station is provided with a damage management display and control console, and the damage management display and control console is communicated with the first PLC and serves as a management layer of a distributed architecture;

a logic controller module: the PLC distributed stations form field monitoring equipment, the field monitoring equipment is distributed in each cabin, data information is collected and transmitted to a network, a control instruction is received, corresponding instruction operation is executed and used as a control layer of a distributed architecture, and a second PLC of the PLC distributed stations is communicated with a first PCL;

a sensor module: the system comprises various sensors and an actuating mechanism, and is used as a data layer of a distributed architecture, sampling data obtained by sampling of the sensors are transmitted to a second PLC controller, and the second PLC controller controls the actuating mechanism through a relay.

Preferably, the damage management display and control console of each damage management station is networked, so that monitoring information interaction and information uploading are realized; and networking the first PLC controllers of all the damage management stations to realize monitoring information interaction.

Preferably, the first PLC controller realizes button collection of the operation panel of the damage control display and control console through local digital quantity input, and realizes human-computer interaction control output through digital quantity output.

Preferably, the damage management display and control console is provided with a damage confirmation button, the damage confirmation button is set to be manually controlled, and after the damage alarm is received, effective equipment control is implemented after the damage confirmation is carried out through the damage confirmation button.

Preferably, the loss management stations implement mutual backup, and alarm monitoring data of the two mutual backup loss management stations are shared, so that a main loss management station and a standby loss management station are realized.

Preferably, the PLC distributed station inputs acquisition information through digital quantity, and outputs an active or passive contact through a digital quantity output control relay so as to control an actuating mechanism. And the second PLC is separated from the power supply of the relay. The control of the relay is double-wire control, two ends of a coil of the relay are respectively controlled, and the positive end and the negative end of the coil of the relay are controlled by two independent PLC distributed digital output units.

Preferably, one channel in the digital output on the same distributed station rack is used as a diagnosis output, an idle channel of the digital input is introduced, and the idle channel is controlled by a program to output a periodic diagnosis signal and simultaneously monitor to realize external diagnosis of the digital output.

The invention provides a design method for improving the reliability of ship damage monitoring, which comprises the following steps:

a damage monitoring station step: different damage management stations are divided according to the cabin structure of the ship, each damage management station is provided with a damage management display and control console, and the damage management display and control console is communicated with the first PLC and serves as a management layer of a distributed architecture;

the logic controller comprises the following steps: the PLC distributed stations form field monitoring equipment, the field monitoring equipment is distributed in each cabin, data information is collected and transmitted to a network, a control instruction is received, corresponding instruction operation is executed and used as a control layer of a distributed architecture, and a second PLC of the PLC distributed stations is communicated with a first PCL;

a sensor step: the system comprises various sensors and an actuating mechanism, and is used as a data layer of a distributed architecture, sampling data obtained by sampling of the sensors are transmitted to a second PLC controller, and the second PLC controller controls the actuating mechanism through a relay.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the system is suitable for ship damage management environments with multiple cabins, multiple stations and complex structures, each damage management station can monitor a sensor and fire fighting equipment in the area in real time, and a designated standby damage management display and control console is used for connecting the area in a fault to ensure that the monitoring function of the damage management area is normal, so that the system is safer and more reliable to operate;

2. the system has the advantages that excessive redundancy design is not added, high-reliability fault tolerance is realized, damage accidents caused by accidental faults can be avoided, and safe and reliable operation of the system is guaranteed.

3. Aiming at a distributed intelligent damage management monitoring system constructed based on a PLC technology, an implementation method for overcoming software and hardware fault prevention and misoperation of a controller is provided.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic system architecture of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control separation of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a design method for realizing high-reliability fault tolerance without increasing excessive redundancy design aiming at a ship damage monitoring system based on a sensor, a programmable logic controller and a damage monitoring console, so that the system can avoid damage accidents caused by accidental faults and ensure safe and reliable operation of the system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the ship damage control monitoring is a distributed structure system consisting of a sensor, a programmable logic controller and a damage control monitoring platform, logically adopts a system architecture based on three-layer models of a management layer, a control layer and a data layer, and bears entities of the system architecture, namely the damage control monitoring platform, field control and data processing equipment, various sensors and execution mechanisms.

Different damage management stations are divided aiming at the structure of the cabin of the ship, and each damage management station is provided with a damage management display and control console which is used as a management layer and mainly comprises an upper computer and a PLC (programmable logic controller). The upper computer can display the state of the damage management system in a graphical mode, and can transmit a control instruction to each field device and the data processing device through the PLC to realize man-machine interaction. The control layer is a field monitoring device composed of PLC distributed stations, is distributed in each cabin, collects data information, transmits the data information to a network, receives a control instruction, and executes corresponding instruction operation. The data layer includes various sensors and actuators.

And networking the upper computers of the damage management stations to realize monitoring information interaction and information uploading. And the PLC controllers of the loss management stations are networked to realize monitoring information interaction.

The PLC controller of each loss management station realizes button collection of an operation panel of the loss management display and control console through a local digital quantity input module, and realizes man-machine interaction control output of an indicator panel, an audible and visual alarm and the like through a digital quantity output module.

And the PLC controllers of all the loss management stations monitor the field monitoring equipment formed by the distributed stations of the PLC through field buses.

The damage monitoring station is provided with a damage confirmation button, and the manual control can be effectively controlled only by firstly confirming the damage and then operating and controlling the equipment, so that the artificial accidental misoperation can be avoided.

The damage management station has the mutual operation function: two spare loss management stations alarm monitoring data share each other, and when the damage happens under the condition of a certain regional loss management station host computer fault, the control to the regional loss management equipment is realized through a pre-specified spare loss management station through manual confirmation.

The PLC distributed station collects information of external equipment through the digital quantity input module, and controls the relay to output an active contact or a passive contact through the digital quantity output module so as to control the external equipment.

For active control, the power supply in the PLC is separated from the power supply for controlling the actuating mechanism, so that interference caused by external introduction is avoided.

The control external equipment is changed from conventional single-wire control into double-wire control, namely two ends of a relay coil are respectively controlled, and the positive end and the negative end of the relay coil are controlled by two independent PLC distributed digital quantity output modules.

As shown in fig. 1, the ship damage monitoring system logically adopts a system architecture based on three models, namely a management layer model, a control layer model and a data layer model, and the bearing entities of the ship damage monitoring system are a damage display and control console, an on-site monitoring device, various sensors and an execution mechanism respectively. The upper computer of the damage management display and control console of the management layer can display the state of the damage management system in a graphical mode and can transmit a control instruction to each field control device and the data processing device through the PLC to realize man-machine interaction. The man-machine interaction interface software provides centralized monitoring and operation management of main equipment of the ship damage management system, and information such as relevant operation parameters, states and alarms of the damage management system is interacted and uploaded through the dual-redundancy Ethernet, and damage management aid decision information is displayed and provided on a display screen. The control layer is an on-site monitoring device which is distributed in each cabin, collects data information and transmits the data information to the network, receives a control instruction and executes the corresponding operation of the instruction. The data layer includes various sensors and actuators.

As shown in fig. 2, the loss management station loss management display and control console is composed of a monitoring upper computer 1, a digital input module 3, a digital output module 4, a power supply 5, a button switch 6, an indicator lamp panel 7 and a PLC host 2. Wherein, power 5 supplies power for each part, can be embedded in the display and control platform, also can independently set up in the loss management station. The PLC host 2 can be embedded in the display and control console and can also be independently arranged in the damage management station. The PLC host 2 collects the control information of the button switch 6 of the damage control display console through the digital input module 3, and controls the indicator lamp panel 7 and other man-machine interaction output devices such as audible and visual alarms and buzzers through the digital output module 4. The PLC host 2 communicates with a PLC slave station 8 arranged on the site, and distributed monitoring is achieved. The PLC host 2 is communicated with the monitoring upper computer 1, monitoring information is interacted, and the monitoring upper computer 1 realizes a graphical human-computer interaction interface. The PLC host 2 can be connected with a communication module in an extensible mode to access other monitoring equipment. The monitoring upper computer 1 is connected to a whole-ship platform network, and information interaction and whole-ship information sharing of the damage management display and control station between the damage management stations are achieved. And the PLC host of the damage management station is networked, so that mutual backup and mutual operation between the damage management stations are realized. And the monitoring upper computer B1 of the damage management station B has a fault, and after manual confirmation, the monitoring upper computer of the damage management station A defined in advance realizes the monitoring function.

The field monitoring equipment consists of a PLC slave station 8, a power supply 5, a digital output module 4, a digital input module 3, an analog input module 11, relays 9, 14-16. The PLC slave station collects the state and alarm data of the detection sensor 13 through the digital input module 3 and the analog input module 11, and controls the

relays

9 and 14 to output active or passive contact control actuating mechanisms 12 through the digital output module 4. The power supply 5 provides PLC slave station power and active output power.

As shown in fig. 3, the power supply in the field monitoring device is divided into two independent and mutually isolated power supplies, the PLC uses the logic power supply, and the active output uses the control power supply.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the relay 9 is used for passive control output, and the relay 14 is used for active control output. The positive end of the coil of the relay 9 is controlled by a passive control end of a digital output module PLC, and the positive end of the coil of the relay 14 is controlled by an active control end of the digital output module PLC. The digital output module outputs two PLC public end controls 1 and 2 to control the

relays

15 and 16 so as to control the coil negative ends of the

relays

9 and 14. Therefore, any path of active control output m can be effectively output only under the condition that the PLC active control m and the PLC common control 1 or 2 have output, and similarly, any path of passive control output n can be effectively output only under the condition that the PLC passive control n and the PLC common control 1 or 2 have output. The PLC common control 1 or 2 is controlled by an independent digital output module. Therefore, the single output module failure does not cause the equipment malfunction.

Setting an external diagnosis function of the PLC module on the basis of self diagnosis of the PLC module, introducing one channel of a digital output module of the same distributed station rack as diagnosis output into an idle channel of a digital input module, programming and controlling the channel to output a periodic diagnosis signal, monitoring simultaneously, judging that the module has a fault if a monitoring input channel is not in accordance with an expected signal, and realizing external diagnosis of the digital output module; when the fault is diagnosed, software is adopted to isolate and control the output, so that the error output is avoided.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof provided by the present invention in purely computer readable program code, the same procedures can be implemented entirely by logically programming method steps such that the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof are provided in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system, the device and the modules thereof provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included in the system, the device and the modules thereof for implementing various programs can also be considered as structures in the hardware component; modules for performing various functions may also be considered to be both software programs for performing the methods and structures within hardware components.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims

1. A ship damage management monitoring reliability improvement design system is characterized by adopting a distributed architecture and comprising:

a sensor module: the system comprises various sensors and an actuating mechanism, and is used as a data layer of a distributed architecture, sampling data obtained by sampling of the sensors are transmitted to a second PLC controller, and the second PLC controller controls the actuating mechanism through a relay;

in the ship damage management monitoring reliability improvement design system, one channel in a digital quantity output unit on the same distributed station rack is taken as diagnosis output and introduced into an idle channel of a digital quantity input unit, and the idle channel is controlled by a program to output periodic diagnosis signals and simultaneously monitor to realize external diagnosis of the digital quantity output unit;

the ninth relay (9) is used for passive control output, and the fourteenth relay (14) is used for active control output; the positive coil end of the ninth relay (9) is controlled by the PLC passive control end of the digital output unit, and the positive coil end of the fourteenth relay (14) is controlled by the PLC active control end of the digital output unit; the digital quantity output unit outputs a first PLC common end control (1) and a second PLC common end control (2) to control a fifteenth relay (15) and a sixteenth relay (16), and the fifteenth relay (15) and the sixteenth relay (16) are used for controlling coil negative ends of a ninth relay (9) and a fourteenth relay (14);

the first PLC public end control (1) and the second PLC public end control (2) control relays are matched with the digital quantity output unit to improve the stability of the system.

2. The system for improving and designing the reliability of ship damage management monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the damage management display and control console of each damage management station is networked to realize monitoring information interaction and information uploading; and networking the first PLC controllers of all the damage management stations to realize monitoring information interaction.

3. The system for improving and designing the reliability of monitoring the damage of the ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first PLC controller realizes the button collection of the operation panel of the damage monitoring and control console through a local digital input unit, and realizes the man-machine interaction control output through a digital output unit.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein a damage confirmation button is provided on the damage management display and control console, the damage confirmation button is configured to be manually controlled, and after receiving the damage alarm, the damage confirmation button performs damage confirmation and then performs effective device control.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the damage management stations implement mutual backup, and alarm monitoring data of two mutually backup damage management stations are shared to implement a main damage management station and a standby damage management station.

6. The system for improving and designing the reliability of monitoring the damage of the ship according to claim 1, wherein the PLC distributed station collects information through a digital quantity input unit, and controls a relay to output an active contact or a passive contact through a digital quantity output unit so as to control an actuating mechanism.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the second PLC controller is separate from a power supply of the relay.

8. The system for improving reliability of monitoring the damage of the ship according to claim 6, wherein the control of the relay is a two-wire control, two ends of a coil of the relay are respectively controlled, and the positive end and the negative end of the coil of the relay are controlled by two independent PLC distributed digital output units.

9. A design method for improving reliability of ship damage monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a sensor step: the system comprises various sensors and an actuating mechanism, and is used as a data layer of a distributed architecture, sampling data obtained by sampling of the sensors are transmitted to a second PLC controller, and the second PLC controller controls the actuating mechanism through a relay;

in the design method for improving the reliability of monitoring the damage of the ship, one channel in a digital output unit on a rack of the same distributed station is taken as diagnosis output and is led into an idle channel of a digital input unit, and the idle channel is controlled by a program to output periodic diagnosis signals and is monitored at the same time so as to realize the external diagnosis of the digital output unit;