CN111007355A - Disconnection fault detection method based on wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor - Google Patents
Disconnection fault detection method based on wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111007355A CN111007355A CN201911281155.6A CN201911281155A CN111007355A CN 111007355 A CN111007355 A CN 111007355A CN 201911281155 A CN201911281155 A CN 201911281155A CN 111007355 A CN111007355 A CN 111007355A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention relates to a disconnection fault detection method based on a wide area synchronous intelligent sensor, which is characterized in that three-phase current amplitude and phase reported periodically by the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor are monitored in real time, once obvious disconnection fault characteristics occur, three-phase current waveforms of all wide area synchronous intelligent sensors installed along a fault line with the disconnection characteristics at the current moment are taken, automatic verification and confirmation are carried out, and finally, the detection and the positioning of the disconnection fault are realized. The invention solves the problem of line break fault detection and positioning in the conventional power distribution network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronics, and particularly relates to a disconnection fault detection method based on a wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor.
Background
With the high-speed development of national economy, the scale of an electric power system is getting bigger and bigger, the network structure becomes more and more complex, and the requirement of a user on the stability of power supply is higher and higher, so that the upgrading of the electric power system needs to be continuously strengthened, the occurrence of faults is avoided in the running process of the system, even if the faults occur, the positions where the faults occur are rapidly and accurately found after the faults occur, the faults are rapidly eliminated, the safe running of the electric power system is ensured, and the loss is reduced to the minimum.
In recent years, disconnection failures have been frequently generated due to weather disasters, line aging, external damage, and the like. The three-phase voltage and current on the load side are not symmetrical due to the disconnection fault, and the generated negative sequence and zero sequence components can cause serious damage to various loads, particularly rotating equipment. In addition, the disconnection fault can also form a complex fault along with the grounding fault, so that fire and electric shock damage of people and livestock are easily caused, and even the fault is developed into an interphase short-circuit fault, and the power failure range is enlarged.
The line disconnection is usually mainly single-phase disconnection, and includes that both ends are suspended without grounding after disconnection, the power supply side is metallically grounded after disconnection, and the load end is metallically grounded after disconnection, and the voltages of the front end and the rear end of the port after disconnection are respectively as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1:
when the actual disconnection is grounded, because the grounding points are generally nonmetal and the grounding resistance is higher, the actual change of each phase voltage is very weak, which is equivalent to high-resistance grounding, and the grounding resistance can be up to thousands or even ten thousand ohms, so that the existing various low-current line selection devices or wave recording type fault indicators cannot trigger disconnection fault alarm and cannot realize the positioning of a fault area.
With the research and development of the single-phase earth fault line selection and positioning method of the small-current grounding system, the small-current line selection device started suddenly by zero-sequence voltage and the transient recording type fault indicator started suddenly by electric field in recent years are widely applied. However, these two types of devices have defects in principle, so that they have poor practical effects on detecting and locating a high-resistance ground fault, and are more difficult to be used for detecting a disconnection fault. The main problems are as follows:
1) weak signal characteristics and difficult start
The recording wave type fault indicator adopts electric field sudden change as a starting element of a ground fault, and when a high-resistance fault or a ground fault occurs, the fault alarm is difficult to start because the three-phase voltage changes weakly; the low-current line selection device takes zero-sequence voltage as a starting element, and similarly, the zero-sequence voltage is weak in change, so that fault alarm is difficult to trigger.
2) The synchronization accuracy is too low
The three-phase synchronization precision of the recording type fault indicator is very low and is close to 100 microseconds, and the error of the synthesized zero-sequence current and negative-sequence current is too large to be used for accurately judging the line breaking characteristics.
3) All using local signals, information incompleteness
The small current line selection device started by the sudden change of the zero-sequence voltage and the transient recording type fault indicator started by the sudden change of the electric field adopt local signals, line selection and positioning are realized by utilizing the zero-sequence power direction of a single point, fault positioning can not be realized by utilizing wide-area information, and the accuracy is low.
Therefore, although new ground fault location technologies have emerged in many years, the detection and location of fault lines in power distribution networks still remains a problem that has not been solved well.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a disconnection fault detection method based on a wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor, which aims to solve the problem of disconnection fault in the existing power distribution network.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a three-phase current amplitude and a three-phase current phase reported periodically by a wide area synchronous intelligent sensor are monitored in real time, when obvious disconnection fault characteristics occur, three-phase current waveforms of all wide area synchronous intelligent sensors installed along a fault line with the disconnection characteristics at the current moment are taken, automatic verification and confirmation are carried out, and finally detection and positioning of disconnection faults are achieved.
Preferably, the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly setting the reporting period of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor according to the real-time requirement of the disconnection fault detection;
step 2: monitoring the amplitude and the phase of three-phase current periodically reported by the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor in real time;
and step 3: if obvious line break fault characteristics occur, acquiring three-phase current waveforms at the current moment from all wide-area synchronous intelligent sensors on the fault line, and automatically finishing the confirmation of the line break fault;
and 4, step 4: when the line breaking characteristics are confirmed to be met, positioning of a line breaking fault area is achieved;
and 5: and if not, exiting the current fault analysis, waiting for the next periodic report of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor, and repeating the steps 2-4.
Preferably, in the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor, after the step 4, the disconnection fault positioning result and the relevant recording waveform can be uploaded to a distribution automation master station or an internet of things cloud platform.
Preferably, in the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide area synchronous intelligent sensors, the three-phase current and phase information reported by all the wide area synchronous intelligent sensors are at the same time.
Preferably, the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor adopts induction self-energy-taking power supply, and a positioning navigation unit is arranged in the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor and is a global positioning system or a Beidou satellite navigation system.
Preferably, in the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor, the sampling frequency of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor is not lower than 12.8kHz or 15.36kHz, and the sampling bit width is not lower than 16 bits.
Preferably, in the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor, the measurement accuracy of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor is not lower than 0.5 level.
Preferably, in the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor, the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor realizes data transmission by adopting high-speed wireless communication.
Preferably, in the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor, the reporting cycle time of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor is set within a range from 1 second to 1 hour.
Preferably, the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor is characterized in that the maximum value of the three-phase current is greater than an effective current threshold 5A, the minimum value of the three-phase current is less than a power failure current threshold 1A, and the absolute value of the phase difference between two phases with larger current and 180 degrees is less than 10 degrees.
By the scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages:
1. the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor adopts induction electricity taking, is completely self-powered, and does not need an external independent power supply. The wiring and the stay wire are not needed, the construction is time-saving and labor-saving, and the measurement data at any time can be obtained by installation at any place and any position.
2. According to the invention, by monitoring the three-phase current amplitude and phase reported periodically by the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor in real time, once obvious line break fault characteristics occur, the system can quickly complete automatic verification and confirmation, and the detection and positioning of the line break fault are realized. And instruct the remote control intelligent switch to realize fault isolation and prevent personal injury accidents.
3. The sampling frequency of the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor is not lower than 12.8kHz (50Hz power grid) or 15.36kHz (60Hz power grid), so that original transient signals can be restored without distortion.
4. The invention is based on a positioning navigation unit, comprises a global positioning system or a Beidou satellite navigation system, can realize automatic frequency calibration, and ensures that the synchronous error between the currents of each measuring point of a line is not more than 20 microseconds.
5. The wide area synchronous intelligent sensor supports at least 1 hour of wave recording cache, and can eliminate the influence of communication interruption caused by short-time instability of a wireless network.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wide area synchronous smart sensor installation for a line of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the disconnection fault of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the disconnection fault detection and positioning process of the present invention.
Fig. 4a and 4b are schematic diagrams of the broken line fault area positioning of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a three-phase current waveform diagram of a disconnection fault according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in figure 3 of the drawings,
a three-phase current amplitude and a phase which are periodically reported by a wide area synchronous intelligent sensor are monitored in real time, and when obvious line break fault characteristics occur, three-phase current waveforms of all wide area synchronous intelligent sensors installed along a fault line with the line break characteristics at the current moment are taken and automatically verified and confirmed, so that detection and positioning of line break faults are finally realized.
On the basis of the embodiment, the disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly setting the reporting period of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor according to the real-time requirement of the disconnection fault detection, wherein the reporting period is generally set to be 5 minutes;
step 2: monitoring the amplitude and the phase of three-phase current periodically reported by the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor in real time to detect whether obvious line break fault characteristics exist or not;
and step 3: if the fault line has obvious line breaking characteristics, three-phase current waveforms at the current moment are acquired from all wide-area synchronous intelligent sensors on the fault line, and the line breaking fault is automatically confirmed.
And 4, step 4: and after the line breaking characteristics are confirmed to be met, positioning of the line breaking fault area is realized.
And 5: and if not, exiting the current fault analysis, waiting for the next periodic report of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor, and repeating the steps 2-4.
Meanwhile, after the step 4, the power distribution automation master station or the Internet of things cloud platform guides the remote control intelligent switch to realize fault isolation, and power supply is recovered after line patrol and fault removal are arranged at the first time.
The wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor supports butt joint of an automatic power distribution main station or an Internet of things cloud platform, and management, scheduling and fault isolation of information are achieved.
The wide area synchronous intelligent sensor comprises a 3G/4G high-speed wireless communication module, so that the batch transmission of high-speed sampling data is realized, and the bandwidth problem of data transmission is solved.
The wide area synchronous intelligent sensor adopts induction self-energy-taking power supply, and further comprises a positioning navigation unit comprising a global positioning system or a Beidou satellite navigation system, so that automatic frequency calibration can be realized, and accurate synchronization of three-phase current among measurement points is guaranteed.
The sampling frequency of the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor is not lower than 12.8kHz (50Hz power grid) or 15.36kHz (60Hz power grid), and the sampling bit width is not lower than 16 bits.
The measurement precision of the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor is not lower than 0.5 grade (0-100A: the measurement error is less than 0.5A; 100-630A: the measurement error is less than 0.5%).
The synchronous error between three phases of the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor is less than 20 microseconds.
The wide-area synchronous error between the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensors installed at different positions is less than 20 microseconds.
The wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor supports caching of 1-hour wave recording data.
According to the invention, high-speed wireless communication is adopted between the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor and the power distribution automation master station or the Internet of things cloud platform to realize data transmission.
The line break fault is characterized in that the maximum value of three-phase current is greater than 5A of an effective current threshold, namely, the line break judgment is not carried out on a light-load line below 5A, so that the misjudgment of the light-load line caused by the fluctuation of the load per se is prevented;
the minimum value of the three-phase current is smaller than the power failure current threshold 1A, namely the maximum error measured by the sensor when the line has power failure is smaller than the value;
the absolute value of the phase difference-180 of the two phases with larger current is less than 10 degrees, namely the two phases which are not in fault show the phase reversal characteristics when the line is broken, the phase difference is close to 180 degrees, so the absolute value of the phase difference-180 is close to 0 degree, and in order to prevent the phase error introduced by the line parameters, a threshold is reserved with a certain margin value set as 10.
Example one
1. As shown in fig. 1, a transformer substation is selected, a wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor 101 is installed on an outgoing line, and the reporting period is set to be 5 minutes;
2. as shown in fig. 2, when a disconnection fault occurs, real-time analysis is performed according to the three-phase current amplitude and phase information reported periodically, and whether the disconnection characteristic is satisfied is performed;
3. as shown in fig. 3, the distribution automation master station or the internet of things cloud platform acquires three-phase current waveforms of all wide-area synchronous intelligent sensors on a fault line at the current moment, wherein the three-phase current waveforms have identical time labels;
4. and based on the confirmation of the three-phase current waveform disconnection fault of each set of wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor, as shown in fig. 5, if the three-phase current waveform disconnection fault meets the requirement, the disconnection is confirmed, and the positioning is realized.
The positioning judgment mode is realized by the following method, including one of the methods
If the first outgoing line sleeve meets the line breaking condition, the first outgoing line sleeve can only be positioned on the line and cannot be accurately positioned, referring to fig. 4a, one main line and no branch line in the middle, it can be obtained from the above judgment mode that 1 meets the line breaking condition, and 2, 3 and 4 definitely meet the line breaking condition, but the line breaking position can be at any position before the user load of the line.
Two of it
After the device is positioned on a certain main line (a certain rod), the main line searches from the outgoing line to the tail end one by one to determine whether the following conditions are met:
1. the upstream equipment is not full of the wire breaking condition;
2. one set of downstream equipment (including trunk and branch lines) meets the line breaking condition;
if so, then it is located after the upstream device, as shown in fig. 4b, and any one of the three devices, anchor points 2, 4 and 6, meets the broken line (3, 5 and 7 are also broken necessarily), and anchor point 1 does not meet, then it is located after anchor point 1.
The invention has at least the following advantages:
1. the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor adopts induction electricity taking, is completely self-powered, and does not need an external independent power supply. The wiring and the stay wire are not needed, the construction is time-saving and labor-saving, and the measurement data at any time can be obtained by installation at any place and any position.
2. According to the invention, by monitoring the three-phase current amplitude and phase reported periodically by the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor in real time, once obvious line break fault characteristics occur, the system can quickly complete automatic verification and confirmation, and the detection and positioning of the line break fault are realized. And instruct the remote control intelligent switch to realize fault isolation and prevent personal injury accidents.
3. The sampling frequency of the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor is not lower than 12.8kHz (50Hz power grid) or 15.36kHz (60Hz power grid), so that original transient signals can be restored without distortion.
4. The invention is based on a positioning navigation unit, comprises a global positioning system or a Beidou satellite navigation system, can realize automatic frequency calibration, and ensures that the synchronous error between the currents of each measuring point of a line is not more than 20 microseconds.
5. The wide area synchronous intelligent sensor supports at least 1 hour of wave recording cache, and can eliminate the influence of communication interruption caused by short-time instability of a wireless network.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A disconnection fault detection method based on a wide area synchronous intelligent sensor is characterized in that three-phase current amplitude and phases reported periodically by the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor are monitored in real time, when obvious disconnection fault characteristics occur, three-phase current waveforms of all wide area synchronous intelligent sensors installed along a fault line with the disconnection characteristics at the current moment are taken, automatic verification and confirmation are carried out, and finally disconnection fault detection and positioning are achieved.
2. The disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor, according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: uniformly setting the reporting period of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor according to the real-time requirement of the disconnection fault detection;
step 2: monitoring the amplitude and the phase of three-phase current periodically reported by the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor in real time to detect whether obvious line break fault characteristics exist or not;
and step 3: if obvious line break fault characteristics occur, acquiring three-phase current waveforms at the current moment from all wide-area synchronous intelligent sensors on the fault line, and automatically finishing the confirmation of the line break fault;
and 4, step 4: when the line breaking characteristics are confirmed to be met, positioning of a line breaking fault area is achieved;
and 5: and if not, exiting the current fault analysis, waiting for the next periodic report of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor, and repeating the steps 2-4.
3. The disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: after the step 4, the disconnection fault positioning result and the relevant wave recording waveform can be uploaded to a distribution automation main station or an internet of things cloud platform.
4. The disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the three-phase current and phase information reported by all the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensors are at the same moment.
5. The disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor adopts induction self-energy-taking power supply, is internally provided with a positioning navigation unit and is a global positioning system or a Beidou satellite navigation system.
6. The disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the sampling frequency of the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor is not lower than 12.8kHz or 15.36kHz, and the sampling bit width is not lower than 16 bits.
7. The disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the measurement accuracy of the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor is not lower than 0.5 level.
8. The disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor realizes data transmission by adopting high-speed wireless communication.
9. The disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the reporting cycle time of the wide area synchronous intelligent sensor is set within the range of 1 second to 1 hour.
10. The disconnection fault detection method based on the wide-area synchronous intelligent sensor as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the disconnection fault is characterized in that the maximum value of the three-phase current is greater than 5A of the effective current threshold, the minimum value of the three-phase current is less than 1A of the outage current threshold, and the absolute value of the phase difference of-180 of the two phases with larger current is less than 10 degrees.
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