CN111003709B - Method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts, prepared activated carbon and application - Google Patents

Method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts, prepared activated carbon and application Download PDF

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CN111003709B
CN111003709B CN202010006349.1A CN202010006349A CN111003709B CN 111003709 B CN111003709 B CN 111003709B CN 202010006349 A CN202010006349 A CN 202010006349A CN 111003709 B CN111003709 B CN 111003709B
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activated carbon
cigarette butts
carbonization
waste cigarette
pyrolysis
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CN111003709A (en
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李力群
纪旭东
郭春生
张峻松
陈晨
郝捷
叶亚军
王旭东
乔月梅
李瑞丽
朱远洋
李庆祥
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Inner Mongolia Kunming Cigarettes Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
    • C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
    • C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
    • B01J2220/4893—Residues derived from used synthetic products, e.g. rubber from used tyres

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts and the prepared activated carbon, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out pyrolysis pre-carbonization on the waste cigarette butts under protective gas; (2) adding an activating agent into the waste cigarette butts subjected to pyrolysis and pre-carbonization, and grinding and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; (3) and carrying out pyrolysis and carbonization on the mixture under the protection gas to obtain the active carbon. According to the invention, the pyrolysis pre-carbonization is adopted, so that the acetate fibers and tar in the waste cigarette butts are pyrolyzed and carbonized, the tar is carbonized on the surfaces of the acetate fibers in the pyrolysis process, the tar in the waste cigarette butts can be recycled, and the tar participates in the carbonization process, so that the yield of the active carbon is improved, and the specific surface area and the mesoporous rate of the active carbon are also obviously increased. The preparation method of the active carbon has low production cost and simple process; the prepared active carbon has high specific area and high pore structure, so that the active carbon has good application prospect in the fields of environmental protection, electrochemistry and the like.

Description

Method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts, prepared activated carbon and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to a resource utilization method of waste cigarette butts, in particular to a method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts and application of the prepared activated carbon and the prepared activated carbon in preparation of an adsorption material and/or an electrochemical material.
Background
The cigarette end refers to the residual part of the cigarette after burning and smoking, and mainly comprises fiber tows wrapped by outer wrapping paper and main stream smoke particulate matters intercepted in the burning and smoking process. China is a large country for cigarette production and consumption, and a large amount of waste cigarette butts are correspondingly produced along with the consumption of a large amount of cigarettes every year, so that the environment is polluted. The main component of the cigarette tows in the waste cigarette butts is cellulose acetate which is formed by acetylation of wood pulp fibers, tar components generated in the smoking process of cigarettes are adsorbed on the surfaces of the cellulose acetate, and the resource utilization of the waste cigarette butts is increasingly researched and valued by people.
CN101864608B discloses a production method for regenerating diacetate fiber tows by waste acetate fiber tows. According to the technical scheme, a large amount of waste diacetate fiber tows generated in the rod making and cigarette making processes are prepared into cigarette diacetate fiber tows, and the cigarette diacetate fiber tows are reapplied to the rod making and cigarette making processes, so that the raw materials are applied to the maximum extent. The patent relates to the production of diacetate tow from waste diacetate tow.
CN109173994A discloses a method for preparing biochar by high-temperature carbonization modification of waste cigarette butts, which comprises the following steps: firstly, carbonizing the cigarette butts by a hydrothermal method; secondly, centrifuging and drying; thirdly, high-temperature pyrolysis; fourthly, adding acid and filtering. The invention adopts waste cigarette butts as raw materials to prepare the biochar. The first step of carbonization in the method is carried out in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, high pressure is generated in the hydrothermal carbonization process, tar substances in cigarette end tows can be dissolved in water under the high pressure condition due to the deionized water in the reaction kettle, the tar substances are not beneficial to recycling, and the hydrothermal carbonization method has high requirements on equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preparing activated carbon only by pyrolysis, which directly prepares the activated carbon with high specific area by pyrolysis pre-carbonization and pyrolysis carbonization without crushing or hydrothermal treatment on waste cigarette butt raw materials; the method adopts pyrolysis pre-carbonization to pyrolyze and carbonize the acetate fibers and tar in the waste cigarette butts, and the specific surface area and the pore structure of the activated carbon are increased in the activation process of tar pyrolysis. The specific surface area of the activated carbon obtained by the method reaches 1500m2The mesopore ratio is 35-48 percent.
The waste cigarette butts as raw materials adopted by the invention are cigarette butts which are discarded in an ashtray or a roadside and the like after the cigarette is consumed by people, and the cigarette butts are wide in raw material source and low in cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing activated carbon using waste cigarette butts, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) carrying out pyrolysis pre-carbonization on the waste cigarette butts under protective gas, wherein the temperature of the pyrolysis pre-carbonization is 250-300 ℃;
(2) adding an activating agent into the waste cigarette butts subjected to pyrolysis and pre-carbonization, and grinding and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(3) and carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on the mixture under the protection gas, wherein the temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization is 500-800 ℃, and obtaining the active carbon.
Further, in the step (1), the conditions of the pyrolysis pre-carbonization are as follows: the heating rate is 5-30 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 250-300 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 0.5-3 h;
preferably, in the step (1), the conditions of the pyrolysis pre-carbonization are as follows: the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 270-290 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 1-2 h;
more preferably, in step (1), the conditions of the pyrolysis pre-carbonization are as follows: the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 280 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 1.5 h.
Further, in the step (1), the shielding gas is at least one selected from carbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen and helium, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 90-120 mL/min. The protective gas is used for creating an oxygen-deficient atmosphere in the high-temperature carbonization process, so that the substance is carbonized instead of being burnt. The waste cigarette butts can only char under the inert protective gas atmosphere.
Preferably, in the step (1), the shielding gas is nitrogen, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 100-110 mL/min.
Further, in the step (2), the activating agent is selected from one of zinc chloride, phosphoric acid and calcium chloride.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the activating agent to the pre-carbonized waste cigarette butts is 0.5-2: 1.
The activator functions primarily to produce a developed pore structure and higher pore surface area. The activating agent can perform a series of cross-linking polycondensation reactions with the pre-carbonized carbon at high temperature, so that hydrogen and oxygen in hydrocarbons in the substances are removed, in addition, the pyrolysis tar generates active carbon under the action of the zinc chloride activating agent, and the blockage of pores is avoided, thereby achieving the purpose of pore forming. And after the pre-carbonization, the pyrolysis tar can be fully contacted with the activating agent, so that the activating effect is better.
Further, in the step (3), the pyrolysis carbonization conditions are as follows: the heating rate is 10-50 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 500-800 ℃/min, and the constant temperature is kept for 1-4 h;
preferably, in the step (3), the pyrolysis carbonization conditions are as follows: the heating rate is 20-40 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 600-700 ℃/min, and the constant temperature is kept for 2-3 h;
more preferably, in the step (3), the pyrolysis carbonization conditions are as follows: the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 650 ℃/min, and the constant temperature is kept for 2 h.
Further, in the step (3), the shielding gas is at least one selected from argon, nitrogen and helium, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 150-180 mL/min.
Preferably, in the step (3), the shielding gas is nitrogen, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 160-170 mL/min.
Further, in the step (3), the crude product after high-temperature carbonization is washed by distilled water to remove the active agent, and then is dried;
preferably, the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃, and the drying time is 3-10 h.
Further, the method also comprises the step of pretreating the waste cigarette butts;
preferably, the pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps: and tearing off the wrapping paper of the waste cigarette butts to obtain the cigarette butt tow part.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides the activated carbon prepared by the method, and the specific surface area of the activated carbon reaches 1500m2The mesopore ratio is more than 60 percent.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides the application of the activated carbon in preparing an adsorbing material and/or an electrochemical material. The prepared activated carbon has high specific area and high mesoporous rate, and the adsorption performance of the adsorption material and/or the electrochemical performance of the electrochemical material can be improved by using the adsorption material and/or the electrochemical material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts pyrolysis pre-carbonization to pyrolyze and carbonize the acetate fiber and tar in the waste cigarette butts, the tar is carbonized on the surface of the acetate fiber in the pyrolysis process, the specific surface area and the pore structure are increased, and a small amount of elements such as nitrogen, sulfur and the like in the tar can be doped into the pyrolysis carbon, thereby being beneficial to improving the catalytic performance, the electrochemical performance and the like of the activated carbon. In addition, the invention can realize the reutilization of tar in the waste cigarette butts by selecting proper pre-carbonization conditions, and the tar participates in the carbonization process, thereby not only improving the yield of the activated carbon, but also obviously increasing the specific surface area and the mesoporous rate of the activated carbon.
(2) The preparation method of the active carbon has low production cost and simple process; the specific surface area of the prepared activated carbon reaches 1500m2The mesoporous rate is more than 35-48%, and the obtained activated carbon has good application prospects in the fields of environmental protection, electrochemistry and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and the implementation or use of the present invention is not limited by the description of the present invention.
In the present invention, the raw materials and equipment used are commercially available or commonly used in the art, if not specified. The methods in the examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting waste cigarette butts at smoking places of the high-speed rail stations, peeling off the outer packaging paper, and separating out a cigarette butt fiber tow part;
(2) directly placing the separated fiber tows in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 15 ℃/min, setting the final heating temperature to be 280 ℃, introducing nitrogen, heating for pre-carbonization, setting the flow of the nitrogen to be 100mL/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 1.5 h;
(3) crushing and grinding the pre-carbonized fiber tows in the previous step until the granularity is 150 meshes, adding phosphoric acid in the grinding and crushing process, and grinding and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; the mass ratio of the added phosphoric acid to the pre-carbonized fiber tows is 1: 1;
(4) placing the mixture in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 30 ℃/min, the heating final temperature to be 650 ℃, introducing nitrogen, heating for pre-carbonization, introducing nitrogen, heating for activation, keeping the nitrogen flow at 160mL/min for 2h at constant temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an activated pyrolysis carbon sample;
(5) adding the obtained pyrolytic carbon sample into dilute alkali solution, stirring for neutralization, washing and filtering for multiple times by using distilled water until the pyrolytic carbon sample is neutral to obtain activated carbon, and drying the washed activated carbon in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain the activated carbon.
Example 2
A method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting waste cigarette butts at smoking places of streets, peeling off the outer packaging paper, and separating out fiber tow parts of the cigarette butts;
(2) directly placing the separated fiber tows in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 5 ℃/min, setting the final temperature to be 250 ℃, introducing nitrogen, heating for pre-carbonization, keeping the flow of the nitrogen at 90mL/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 3 hours;
(3) crushing and grinding the filter rod fiber tows precarbonized in the previous step until the granularity is 200 meshes, adding calcium chloride in the grinding and crushing process, grinding and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the added calcium chloride to the precarbonized fiber tows is 0.5: 1;
(4) placing the mixture in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 10 ℃/min, setting the final heating temperature to be 500 ℃, introducing argon to heat and pre-carbonize, introducing argon to heat and activate, keeping the nitrogen flow at 180mL/min for 4h at constant temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an activated pyrolysis carbon sample;
(5) washing the obtained pyrolytic carbon sample with distilled water for multiple times, filtering to neutrality to obtain activated carbon, and drying the washed activated carbon in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the activated carbon.
Example 3
A method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting waste cigarette butts at smoking places of the high-speed rail stations, peeling off the outer packaging paper, and separating out a cigarette butt fiber tow part;
(2) directly placing the separated fiber tows in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 10 ℃/min, setting the heating final temperature to be 270 ℃, introducing nitrogen, heating for pre-carbonization, setting the flow of the nitrogen to be 100mL/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 2 hours;
(3) crushing and grinding the filter rod fiber tows pre-carbonized in the previous step until the granularity is 150 meshes, adding phosphoric acid in the grinding and crushing process, grinding and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the added phosphoric acid to the pre-carbonized fiber tows is 0.9: 1;
(4) placing the mixture in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 20 ℃/min, the heating final temperature to be 600 ℃, introducing nitrogen, heating for pre-carbonization, introducing nitrogen, heating for activation, keeping the nitrogen flow at 170mL/min for 3h at constant temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an activated pyrolysis carbon sample;
(5) washing the obtained pyrolytic carbon sample with distilled water for multiple times, filtering to neutrality to obtain activated carbon, and drying the washed activated carbon in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the activated carbon.
Example 4
A method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting waste cigarette butts at smoking places of streets, peeling off the outer packaging paper, and separating out fiber tow parts of the cigarette butts;
(2) directly placing the separated fiber tows in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 20 ℃/min, setting the heating final temperature to be 290 ℃, introducing nitrogen, heating for pre-carbonization, setting the flow of the nitrogen to be 120mL/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 1 h;
(3) crushing and grinding the filter rod fiber tows precarbonized in the previous step until the granularity is 150 meshes, adding zinc chloride in the grinding and crushing process, grinding and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the added zinc chloride to the precarbonized fiber tows is 1: 1;
(4) placing the mixture in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 40 ℃/min, the heating final temperature to be 700 ℃, introducing nitrogen, heating for pre-carbonization, introducing nitrogen, heating for activation, keeping the nitrogen flow at 160mL/min for 2h at constant temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an activated pyrolysis carbon sample;
(5) adding the obtained pyrolytic carbon sample into dilute alkali solution, stirring for neutralization, washing and filtering for multiple times by using distilled water until the pyrolytic carbon sample is neutral to obtain activated carbon, and drying the washed activated carbon in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the activated carbon.
Example 5
A method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting waste cigarette butts at smoking places of streets, peeling off the outer packaging paper, and separating out fiber tow parts of the cigarette butts;
(2) directly placing the separated fiber tows in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 30 ℃/min, setting the final temperature to be 300 ℃, introducing nitrogen, heating for pre-carbonization, setting the flow of the nitrogen to be 100mL/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 0.5 h;
(3) crushing and grinding the filter rod fiber tows pre-carbonized in the previous step until the granularity is 150 meshes, adding phosphoric acid in the grinding and crushing process, grinding and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the added phosphoric acid to the pre-carbonized fiber tows is 2: 1;
(4) placing the mixture in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, setting the heating rate to be 50 ℃/min, setting the final heating temperature to be 800 ℃, introducing nitrogen, heating for pre-carbonization, introducing nitrogen, heating for activation, keeping the nitrogen flow at 150mL/min for 1h at constant temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an activated pyrolysis carbon sample;
(5) adding the obtained pyrolytic carbon sample into dilute alkali solution, stirring for neutralization, washing and filtering for multiple times by using distilled water until the pyrolytic carbon sample is neutral to obtain activated carbon, and drying the washed activated carbon in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the activated carbon.
Comparative example 1
An activated carbon was produced by following the procedure of example 1 except that the final temperature was raised to 220 ℃ (precarbonization temperature), and the remaining operation was the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
An activated carbon was prepared by following the procedure of example 1 except that the final temperature was raised to 320 ℃ (precarbonization temperature), and the remaining operational procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
An activated carbon was produced in the same manner as in example 1 except that the constant-temperature holding time was 0.3h (pre-carbonization time), and the remaining operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
An activated carbon was produced in the same manner as in example 1 except that the constant-temperature holding time was 4 hours (pre-carbonization time), and the remaining operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1.
Performing characterization analysis on the activated carbon structures obtained in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4 by adopting a BET pore structure analyzer, and calculating the yield of the activated carbon, wherein the mesoporosity refers to the pore diameter
Figure BDA0002355423190000082
The ratio of the pore volume of the mesopores to the total pore volume. The yield of activated carbon refers to the ratio of the mass of the activated carbon produced to the mass of the raw material (waste cigarette butts after treatment). The analysis results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002355423190000081
Figure BDA0002355423190000091
From the results in table 1, it can be seen that the invention realizes resource recycling of fiber tows and tar in cigarette butts by adopting pyrolysis pre-carbonization and high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization, and the specific surface area of the activated carbon obtained in the embodiment of the invention reaches 1500m2More than g, up to 1852.55m2The total pore volume of the active carbon is 0.65-0.92 cm3The pore rate of the activated carbon is between 35 and 48 percent, the yield of the activated carbon is between 18 and 25 percent, and the yield is higher. Compared with example 1, the setting of the pre-carbonization temperature in comparative example 1 is too low, the setting of the pre-carbonization temperature in comparative example 2 is too high, the setting of the pre-carbonization time in comparative example 3 is shorter, and the setting of the pre-carbonization time in comparative example 4 is longer, which all affect the specific surface area, the mesopore ratio and the yield of the obtained activated carbon. Therefore, the invention pre-carbonizes the fiber tows and tar in the cigarette butt by optimizing the pre-carbonization conditions, so that the specific surface area, the mesopore ratio and the yield of the active carbon are all better.
The above description is only an example of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by these specific examples, but is defined by the claims of the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the technical idea and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (16)

1. A method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out pyrolysis pre-carbonization on the waste cigarette butts under protective gas, wherein the pyrolysis pre-carbonization conditions are as follows: the heating rate is 5-30 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 250-300 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 0.5-3 h;
(2) adding an activating agent into the waste cigarette butts subjected to pyrolysis and pre-carbonization, and grinding and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
the activating agent is selected from at least one of zinc chloride, phosphoric acid and calcium chloride; the mass ratio of the activating agent to the waste cigarette butts subjected to pyrolysis pre-carbonization is 0.5-2: 1;
(3) and carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on the mixture under the protection gas, wherein the temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization is 500-800 ℃, and obtaining the active carbon.
2. The method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the conditions of the pyrolysis pre-carbonization are as follows: the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 270-290 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 1-2 h.
3. The method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the conditions of the pyrolysis pre-carbonization are as follows: the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 280 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 1.5 h.
4. The method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the protective gas is at least one selected from carbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen and helium, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 90-120 mL/min.
5. The method for preparing activated carbon by using the waste cigarette butts according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the shielding gas is nitrogen, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 100-110 mL/min.
6. The method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (3), the pyrolysis carbonization conditions are as follows: the heating rate is 10-50 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 500-800 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 1-4 h.
7. The method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts according to claim 6, wherein in the step (3), the pyrolysis carbonization conditions are as follows: the heating rate is 20-40 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 600-700 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 2-3 h.
8. The method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts according to claim 7, wherein in the step (3), the pyrolysis carbonization conditions are as follows: the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 650 ℃, and the constant temperature is kept for 2 h.
9. The method for preparing activated carbon by using the waste cigarette butts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (3), the protective gas is at least one selected from carbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen and helium, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 150 to 180 mL/min.
10. The method for preparing activated carbon by using the waste cigarette butts as claimed in claim 9, wherein in the step (3), the shielding gas is nitrogen, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 160-170 mL/min.
11. The method for preparing activated carbon by using the waste cigarette butts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (3), the crude product after high-temperature carbonization is washed by distilled water to remove the active agent, and then is dried.
12. The method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts according to claim 11, wherein the drying temperature is 100 to 110 ℃ and the drying time is 3 to 10 hours.
13. The method for preparing activated carbon using waste cigarette butts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method further comprises a step of pretreating the waste cigarette butts.
14. The method for preparing activated carbon by using waste cigarette butts as claimed in claim 13, wherein the pretreatment is carried out by the following specific operations: and tearing off the wrapping paper of the waste cigarette butts to obtain the cigarette butt tow part.
15. Activated carbon obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 14, having a specific surface area of not less than 1500m2The mesopore ratio is more than 60 percent.
16. Use of the activated carbon of claim 15 for the preparation of an adsorbent material and/or an electrochemical material.
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