CN111002646A - 一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111002646A
CN111002646A CN201911113030.2A CN201911113030A CN111002646A CN 111002646 A CN111002646 A CN 111002646A CN 201911113030 A CN201911113030 A CN 201911113030A CN 111002646 A CN111002646 A CN 111002646A
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composite material
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flange
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蔡登安
苑晓旭
徐志明
许以欣
徐澧明
周光明
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖及其制备方法，属于导弹发射装置技术领域，本发明的易碎盖包括法兰和抛出体，法兰和抛出体结合处称为分离区；抛出体为电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料，通过泡沫夹层、金属导电薄膜和碳纤维布以环氧树脂胶为基体固化成型而成；抛出体边缘具有一圈非贯穿型V型倒角，V型倒角内部充填环氧树脂胶后与法兰边缘胶合形成分离区；本发明结构简单、承载能力强、结构重量轻、稳定性好，具备电磁屏蔽等多种功能。

Description

一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于导弹发射装置技术领域，具体涉及一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖及其制备方法。
背景技术
导弹发射箱盖的设计是影响导弹快速反映能力的重要因素之一。因此在研制导弹贮存发射箱时，箱盖的设计非常重要。箱盖主要是能承受一定的压差，密封性能好，在发射导弹时能迅速打开。为满足上述要求，导弹发射箱盖过去常采用机械盖，爆炸螺栓开启盖等（详见US Pat.3970006, 1976; US Pat.4333381, 1982）,但这些箱盖均存在着不同程度的缺点，如机械打开盖需要用液压系统打开，机构复杂，不仅增加了发射箱的重量且耽误时间，爆炸盖打开反应较机械盖迅速，但是重新装弹和维修比较复杂，且采用火工品运输，贮存困难。
为提高导弹发射效率，满足部队快速作战的要求，国外已经研制出一种复合材料易碎薄膜箱盖（详见US Pat.4498368, 1985）。该种箱盖能承受一定的均布压力且在较小的集中力下就可使箱盖以预订轨迹破碎，反应迅速，提高了导弹发射效率。但该种复合材料发射箱盖需在导弹端部的作用下破坏，箱盖必然会对与之接触的导弹弹头产生一定的不利影响。国内的一种整体冲破式复合材料薄膜盖（详见CN 1844839A, 2006），利用导弹发射前引擎产生的气流冲击薄膜盖，薄膜盖以预定轨迹整体破坏，不会对导弹发射产生不利影响。但该种薄膜盖铺设的机织布层数较多，薄膜盖较厚，使用时较为笨重，且分离区范围较大，易形成内部缺陷，造成整体性能下降，质量稳定性较难控制。因此，此类型的发射箱盖实际应用时存在一定的局限性。一种顶破式环氧泡沫塑料易碎盖（详见CN 107932817A, 2018），利用弹头顶破泡沫塑料易碎盖，具备轻便快捷的作战要求，但其并不能准确按照应力槽分离，且无法满足电磁屏蔽的要求。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的问题，公开了一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖，本发明通过将电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料设置在抛出体区域，法兰仅由碳纤维布层构成，该设计减轻了抛出体部分的结构重量，避免了法兰厚度过厚无法保证气密性能的缺点，同时提供了操作简单、易于制作的工艺实现方法。
本发明是这样实现的：
一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖，所述的复合材料易碎盖包括法兰以及法兰中间设置的抛出体，所述的抛出体与法兰的结合处为分离区，具体的，所述的分离区为抛出体边缘处设置的具有一圈非贯穿型V型倒角；所述的V型倒角内部充填环氧树脂胶后与法兰边缘胶合形成分离区；所述的抛出体为电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料，所述的电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料为五层结构，通过聚氨酯泡沫夹层、金属导电薄膜和碳纤维布以环氧树脂胶为基体固化成型而成，所述的五层结构为聚氨酯泡沫、聚氨酯泡沫上下两侧设置的导电金属薄膜；上下层导电金属薄膜外侧设置的碳纤维布层。本发明的结构简单、承载能力强；由于电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料仅位于抛出体区域，法兰仅由碳纤维布层构成，因此整体结构重量轻、稳定性好。此外，本发明的抛出体通过聚氨酯泡沫夹层、金属导电薄膜和碳纤维布以环氧树脂胶为基体固化成型而成，为对称铺层结构，本发明的复合材料易碎盖具备电磁屏蔽等多种功能。
进一步，所述的电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料为对称铺层结构，即[(±45)(0/90)MFM(0/90)(±45)]，M为导电金属薄膜、F为聚氨酯泡沫。
进一步，所述的电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料仅位于抛出体区域，法兰仅由碳纤维布层构成。
进一步，所述的非贯穿型V型倒角为45度。
本发明还公开了一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
1）清理模具，并在模具上涂抹低温油脂，贴好聚酯易碎塑料纸；
2）根据易碎盖设定尺寸剪裁好碳纤维布、导电金属薄膜和聚氨酯泡沫；
3）配置环氧树脂胶液，根据具体实际的需要，可以配置不同配比的树脂胶液；
4）按[(±45)(0/90)MFM(0/90)(±45)]铺层顺序逐层铺设，并使每层的胶液均匀渗透纤维布；
5）固化、热处理、冷却、脱模；
6）在易碎盖分离区切割非贯穿型V型倒角；
7）在V型倒角内注入环氧树脂胶；
8）室温固化后、热处理、冷却、打磨光滑，易碎盖制作完成。
进一步，所述的非贯穿型V型倒角为45度。
本发明与现有技术的有益效果在于：
由于导弹在发射前贮存于发射箱内，此时箱内存在一定的保护气体，并存在一定的内压。发射箱通过上下两侧的发射箱盖（易碎盖）密封，导弹发射前易碎盖须承受一定的内压并具备良好的密封性能；本发明的抛出体中聚氨酯泡沫夹层的使用增加了结构厚度，提高了易碎盖的抗弯刚度，降低了易碎盖承压时的挠曲变形，可以满足易碎盖限定的变形要求，比现有技术中采用纯复合材料层压板达到此性能要求，减轻了结构重量。
导弹点火时，在其尾部产生高速燃气流，并迅速冲击发射箱上下两侧的易碎盖；此刻，易碎盖达到设定的耐压值，分离区迅速裂开，抛出体与法兰分离抛出，继而导弹顺利发射出去。聚氨酯泡沫夹层上下两侧采用导电金属薄膜和碳纤维布层，两种材料均为导体，实现了易碎盖的电磁屏蔽功能。
本发明分离区的非贯穿型V型倒角填充树脂胶后，形成薄弱区，使得易碎盖具有承压性能好、可操作性强、固化后韧性好和密封性能强的优点，同时确保易碎盖达到设定的耐压值时分离区迅速裂开，抛出体与法兰分离抛出，继而导弹顺利发射出去，调节非贯穿型V型倒角的大小、深浅即可调节易碎盖的开盖压力。
本发明的电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料仅位于抛出体区域，法兰仅由碳纤维布层构成的有益效果为：减轻了抛出体部分的结构重量，避免了法兰厚度过厚无法保证气密性能的缺点，同时提供了操作简单、易于制作的工艺实现方法。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中抛出体夹层结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中的分离区结构示意图。
1-法兰，2-分离区，3-抛出体，4-碳纤维布层，5-导电金属薄膜，6-聚氨酯泡沫，7-非贯穿型V型倒角。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚，明确，以下列举实例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当指出此处所描述的具体实施仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，本发明的一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖，主要以碳纤维布、导电金属薄膜、聚氨酯泡沫以及环氧树脂胶为主体材料设计制作导弹发射箱盖。具体而言，本发明的电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖包括：法兰1和抛出体3，法兰1和抛出体3结合处称为分离区2。抛出体3夹层结构如图2所示，抛出体夹层结构采用电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料，为对称铺层结构，即[(±45)(0/90)MFM(0/90)(±45)]，M为导电金属薄膜5、F为聚氨酯泡沫6。聚氨酯泡沫6位于抛出体中心位置，上下两侧贴合复合材料层，即在聚氨酯泡沫6的上下两侧设置导电金属薄膜5、在导电金属薄膜5外侧再设置碳纤维布层4。
电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料为五层结构，通过聚氨酯泡沫夹层、金属导电薄膜和碳纤维布以环氧树脂胶为基体固化成型而成。聚氨酯泡沫夹层的应用，提高了易碎盖的抗弯刚度，减轻了结构重量。电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料仅位于抛出体3区域，法兰1仅由碳纤维布层构成。抛出体3边缘具有一圈非贯穿型V型倒角7，如图3所示，V型倒角内部充填环氧树脂胶后与法兰1边缘胶合形成分离区2，非贯穿型V型倒角7为45度。该分离区结构形式具有较好的密封性和稳定性，承压能力强，冲破性能稳定。
本发明的一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖，其制备过程包括以下步骤：1）清理模具，并在模具上涂抹低温油脂，贴好聚酯易碎塑料纸；2）根据易碎盖设定尺寸剪裁好碳纤维布、导电金属薄膜和聚氨酯泡沫，碳纤维布采用T300双向斜纹布；3）配置环氧树脂胶液；4）按[(±45)(0/90)MFM(0/90)(±45)]的铺层顺序逐层铺设，并使每层的胶液均匀渗透纤维布，M为导电金属薄膜、F为聚氨酯泡沫；5）室温固化24小时后50℃热处理3小时，冷却后脱模；6）在易碎盖分离区切割45°非贯穿型V型倒角，倒角高度为法兰厚度的3/4；7）在V型倒角内注入环氧树脂胶；8）室温固化12小时后50℃热处理3小时，冷却后用砂纸打磨光滑，易碎盖制作完成。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖，其特征在于，所述的复合材料易碎盖包括法兰（1）以及法兰（1）中间设置的抛出体（3），所述的抛出体（3）与法兰（1）的结合处为分离区（2），具体的，所述的分离区（2）为抛出体（3）边缘处设置的具有一圈非贯穿型V型倒角；所述的V型倒角内部充填环氧树脂胶后与法兰（1）边缘胶合形成分离区（2）；所述的抛出体（3）为电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料，所述的电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料为五层结构，通过聚氨酯泡沫夹层、金属导电薄膜和碳纤维布以环氧树脂胶为基体固化成型而成，所述的五层结构为聚氨酯泡沫（6）、聚氨酯泡沫（6）上下两侧设置的导电金属薄膜（5）；上下层导电金属薄膜（5）外侧设置的碳纤维布层（4）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖，其特征在于，所述的电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料为对称铺层结构，即[(±45)(0/90)MFM(0/90)(±45)]，M为导电金属薄膜（5）、F为聚氨酯泡沫（6）。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖，其特征在于，所述的电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料仅位于抛出体（3）区域，法兰（1）仅由碳纤维布层构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖，其特征在于，所述的非贯穿型V型倒角为45度。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一所述的一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
1）清理模具，并在模具上涂抹低温油脂，贴好聚酯易碎塑料纸；
2）根据易碎盖设定尺寸剪裁好碳纤维布、导电金属薄膜和聚氨酯泡沫；
3）配置环氧树脂胶液；
4）按设定的铺层顺序逐层铺设，并使每层的胶液均匀渗透纤维布；
5）固化、热处理、冷却、脱模；
6）在易碎盖分离区切割非贯穿型V型倒角；
7）在V型倒角内注入环氧树脂胶；
室温固化后、热处理、冷却、打磨光滑，易碎盖制作完成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料易碎盖，其特征在于，所述的非贯穿型V型倒角为45度。
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