CN111000575A - Gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting and method thereof - Google Patents
Gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a head and neck gamma imaging instrument and method based on photon counting, a scanning device, a data processing case and an electronic imaging device, wherein the data processing case comprises at least one ADC (analog to digital converter) sampling chip or TDC (time to digital) sampling chip and an FPGA (field programmable gate array) processing chip, the ADC sampling chip is used for extracting energy and position of an electric signal, the TDC sampling chip is used for extracting time information in the electric signal, the FPGA processing chip is used for processing digital information obtained after passing through the ADC sampling chip and the TDC sampling chip, the head and neck gamma imaging instrument further comprises a data transmission chip, the data transmission chip is configured into gigabit Ethernet transmission and is used for packaging and framing data processed by the FPGA processing chip and outputting corresponding signals to the electronic imaging device, the electronic imaging device is used for restoring received information into an image and displaying the image on a display screen, and noninvasive soft and hard tissues of oral cavity can be achieved, Real-time, high resolution imaging, and convenient to carry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic information and medical instruments, in particular to a gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting and a method thereof.
Background
Molecular imaging is formed by the interdigitation of molecular biology and medical imaging. Molecular imaging can be broadly defined as qualitative and quantitative studies of living biological processes at the cellular and molecular level using imaging techniques. Molecular imaging techniques or molecular imaging techniques mainly include Magnetic Resonance (MRI) molecular imaging, optical molecular imaging, and nuclear medicine molecular imaging techniques. Currently, nuclear medicine molecular imaging technologies include Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, have the advantages of high sensitivity, quantifiability and the like, are currently promising molecular imaging technologies, and have the greatest development prospect in comparison with PET molecular imaging technologies. At present, the value of PET technology in oncology, neuropsychiatry and cardiology is well recognized and shows great application prospects.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) adopts annihilation radiation and positron collimation (or photon collimation) technology to quantitatively and dynamically measure the spatial distribution, the quantity and the dynamic change of PET imaging agent or metabolite molecules thereof in vivo from the outside in a nondestructive way, and obtains the image information of biochemical, physiological and functional metabolic changes generated by the interaction of the PET imaging agent and targets (such as receptors, enzymes, ion channels, antigenic determinants and nucleic acids) in vivo from the molecular level, thereby providing important information for clinical research. The basic principle of PET molecular imaging is as follows: PET tracer (molecular probe) → introduction into living tissue cell → interaction of PET molecular probe with specific target molecule → annihilation radiation, generation of two gamma photons with energy of 511keV but opposite directions forming 180 deg. each other → PET measurement signal → display of living tissue molecular image, functional metabolic image, gene conversion image. The PET molecular imaging should have the following conditions:
(1) PET molecular probes with high affinity and suitable pharmacokinetics. PET molecular probes are a prerequisite for PET molecular imaging studies. The PET molecular probe is a positive electronic nuclide (such as 11C and 18F) labeled molecule (PET imaging agent), can be a small molecule (such as a receptor ligand and an enzyme substrate) or a large molecule (such as a monoclonal antibody), and is easy to be labeled by the positive electronic nuclide. The PET molecular probe has high affinity with target, low affinity with non-target tissue, high target/non-target radioactivity ratio, easy penetration of cell membrane to target, no easy metabolism, and fast elimination from blood or non-specific tissue to obtain clear image.
(2) PET molecular probes should be able to overcome various biological transport barriers such as blood vessels, intercellular spaces, cell membranes, etc.
(3) Effective chemical or biological amplification techniques. Such as PET reporter gene expression imaging.
(4) An imaging system with fast, high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. For example, the successful development of a high resolution micro PET (micropet) scanner has become an important bridge for connecting experimental science and clinical science, and the PET system has very powerful functions, which results in the system being too large to be used in many special situations, such as the patient being unable to move and to arrive at a hospital for testing, which results in missing the optimal medical treatment time for the patient.
The existing detection equipment can cause insurmountable defects, the sensitivity and the resolution ratio are reduced, dislocation calibration can be generated due to the interference of DOI, and the equipment system is too large and inconvenient to carry and the like.
Therefore, there is a need for an improved detector that addresses the above-mentioned problems with crystals to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting and a using method thereof, solve the problems of the prior art and provide a detecting instrument and a method thereof, which can improve the resolution and the sensitivity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting, which comprises a scanning device, a data processing case and a data transmission chip, wherein the scanning device is used for scanning the head and neck of a human body, acquiring gamma rays and outputting the gamma rays to the data processing case, the data processing case is used for processing data sent by the scanning device and extracting and storing information in the data, the data processing case comprises at least one ADC (analog to digital converter) sampling chip or TDC (top to digital) sampling chip and an FPGA (field programmable gate array) processing chip, the ADC sampling chip is used for extracting energy and position of an electric signal, the TDC sampling chip is used for extracting time information in the electric signal, the FPGA processing chip is used for processing digital information obtained after passing through the ADC sampling chip and the TDC sampling chip, the data transmission chip is configured to be transmitted by gigabit Ethernet and is used for packaging and framing data processed by the FPGA processing chip, and outputting the corresponding signal to an electronic imaging device, wherein the electronic imaging device is used for restoring the received information into an image and displaying the image on a display screen.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the scanning device comprises a helmet, a signal interface, a crystal fixing block and a photomultiplier, wherein the crystal fixing block is correspondingly arranged on two sides of the helmet respectively, the crystal fixing block is used for fixing a crystal inside the helmet to prevent the crystal from moving, the crystal is used for receiving gamma rays emitted by a human body and converting the gamma rays into optical signals, the photomultiplier is convenient for subsequent processing of the photomultiplier, the photomultiplier is used for converting the optical signals into electric signals and outputting the electric signals to the signal interface, and the signal interface is used for transmitting the electric signals to the data processing case.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the helmet is provided with an inner helmet shell, an outer helmet shell, an annular helmet base and foam, wherein the inner helmet shell is used for fixing the head of a person and preventing the head of the person from moving during testing, the outer helmet shell is used for protecting the crystal and the photomultiplier inside, the foam is used for fixing the inner helmet shell, the outer helmet shell and the crystal and preventing the movement, the weight is reduced, and the annular helmet base is used for supporting the helmet.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the data processing case further comprises a data storage chip, and the data storage chip is used for storing the packed and framed data and is convenient for the storage data to be extracted and carried.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the data processing case also comprises a plurality of signal interfaces, wherein one signal interface is used for receiving a new number received from the scanning device and transmitting the new number to the ADC sampling chip and the TDC sampling chip for processing, and the other signal interface can be directly connected by Ethernet transmission or data storage connection to transmit data.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the electronic imaging device comprises a data acquisition device module, a data preprocessing module, an image reconstruction module and a display screen module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for receiving processed information and outputting the processed information to the data preprocessing module, the data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the received information and outputting the preprocessed information to the image reconstruction module, the image reconstruction module is used for reconstructing the preprocessed information and restoring an image, and the display screen module is used for displaying the image obtained after the information is reconstructed on the display screen, so that medical staff can conveniently view the situation.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the image reconstruction module comprises a system matrix solving module, a data rearrangement module and a data iterative reconstruction module, wherein the system matrix solving module is used for solving a system matrix in image information and facilitating iterative reconstruction of data and outputting the data to the data rearrangement module, the data rearrangement module is used for rearranging the data according to the system matrix and outputting the data to the data iterative reconstruction module, and the data iterative reconstruction module is used for iteratively reconstructing the data subjected to data rearrangement according to the system matrix and outputting the data to the display screen module.
As a further improvement of the present solution, the method of the data iteration algorithm comprises at least the following steps:
step S1: k is 0, initialization, f(k),f(0)(x, y) using gray images with equal pixel values;
step S2: dividing projection data p (x, y) into 11 subsets [ p1, p2, …, p11] according to rules;
step S3: dividing the encoding function h (x, y) into 11 subsets { h1, h2, …, h11} according to the same grouping rule of projection data;
step S4: note that the reconstructed image of the first sub-iteration in the first iteration is f1(1), and is calculated by this formula:
wherein, is the k-th image estimation value, P: ((k+1)(x, y) is the k +1 measured projection value, h (x, y) is the coding function, "+" indicates the convolution operation,
representing a correlation operation;
step S5: f. of1 (1)(x, y) is the initial value of the second sub-iteration, and is substituted into the formula for calculation;
step S6: repeating S4 until the image is updated once for each subset { h1, h2, …., h11} and { p1, p2, …, p11 };
step S7: taking a reconstructed image obtained after the iteration of the previous wheel is finished as an initial value, and repeating the steps from S2 to S6;
step S8: and judging whether the reconstructed image meets the convergence requirement or not according to the relevant criterion, stopping iteration if the reconstructed image meets the convergence requirement, and continuing the iteration if the reconstructed image does not meet the requirement.
As a further improvement of this solution, the number of subsets into which the encoding function is divided in step S3 needs to be the same as the number of subsets into which the projection data is divided.
A method for constructing the gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting at least comprises the following signal transmission steps:
step S1: the crystal receives gamma ray and converts the gamma ray into an optical signal;
step S2: converting the gamma rays into electric signals through a photoelectric converter;
step S3: obtaining position information and capability information through an ADC sampling chip or obtaining time information through a comparator and a TDC sampling chip by a flash pulse;
step S4: the information processed by the ADC sampling chip and the TDC sampling chip is processed by the FPGA processing chip;
step S5: the processed data is packed and framed through Ethernet;
step S6: data is firstly preprocessed after being stored in a memory or received by an upper computer;
step S7: and carrying out iterative reconstruction on the preprocessed data through an algorithm to form an image and sending the image to a display screen.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting comprises a scanning device, a data processing case and an electronic imaging device, wherein the scanning device is used for scanning the head and neck of a human body, collecting gamma rays and outputting the gamma rays to the data processing case, the data processing case is used for processing data sent by the scanning device and extracting and storing information in the data, the data processing case comprises at least one ADC sampling chip or TDC sampling chip and an FPGA processing chip, the ADC sampling chip is used for extracting energy and position of an electric signal, the TDC sampling chip is used for extracting time information in the electric signal, the FPGA processing chip is used for processing digital information obtained after passing through the ADC sampling chip and the TDC sampling chip, the gamma head and neck imaging instrument further comprises a data transmission chip, and the data transmission chip is configured to be transmitted by gigabit Ethernet, the FPGA processing chip is used for processing the data of the image data, packaging and framing the data processed by the FPGA processing chip, and outputting a corresponding signal to the electronic imaging device, and the electronic imaging device is used for restoring the received information into an image again and displaying the image on the display screen.
The invention aims to apply photon counting to head and neck lesion detection and diagnosis, and simultaneously has the function of video images, and can be used for the auxiliary detection and diagnosis of head and neck early lesions, accurate biopsy sampling and surgical navigation, postoperative monitoring and other clinical applications. The invention is mainly used for noninvasive, real-time and high-resolution imaging of oral soft and hard tissues, the resolution is up to 1-10 microns, and most of early cancer cells which are derived from 2-3 mm below the surface layer of the tissues and are several microns in size in epithelial tissues can be effectively distinguished. The invention can be applied to the early lesion detection of organs and tissues such as teeth, oral mucosa, tongue and the like, and simultaneously solves the problem that the medical instrument is inconvenient to carry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of an apparatus for gamma head and neck imaging based on photon counting according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an apparatus for gamma head and neck imaging based on photon counting according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an apparatus of a gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting according to the apparatus provided by the present invention.
In the figure: 100. a scanning device; 110. an inner helmet shell; 120. a helmet shell; 130. foaming; 140. an annular helmet base; 150. a crystal fixing block; 160. a crystal; 170. a photomultiplier tube; 180. a signal interface; 200. a data processing cabinet; 210. a signal interface; 220. an ADC sampling chip; 230. a TDC sampling chip; 240. an FPGA processing chip; 250. ethernet transmission; 260. storing data; 270. a signal interface; 300. an electronic imaging device; 310. acquiring data; 320. preprocessing data; 330. reconstructing an image; 331. solving a system matrix; 332. rearranging data; 333. performing iterative reconstruction on data; 340. a display screen.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings. It should be understood that in the description of the present application, the terms "center", "length", "depth", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the present application.
The invention provides a gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting, which comprises a scanning device 100, a data processing case 200 and an electronic imaging device 300, wherein the scanning device 100 is used for scanning the head and neck of a human body and collecting gamma rays to output the gamma rays to the data processing case 200, the data processing case 200 is used for processing data sent by the scanning device 100 and extracting and storing information in the data, the data processing case 200 comprises at least one ADC sampling chip 220 or TDC sampling chip 230 and an FPGA processing chip 240, the ADC sampling chip 220 is used for extracting energy and position of an electric signal, the TDC sampling chip 230 is used for extracting time information in the electric signal, the FPGA processing chip 240 is used for processing digital information obtained after passing through the ADC sampling chip 220 and the TDC sampling chip 230, and further comprises a data transmission chip, the data transmission chip is configured as a gigabit ethernet transmission 250, and is configured to package and frame the data processed by the FPGA processing chip 240, and output a corresponding signal to the electronic imaging device 300, and the electronic imaging device 300 is configured to restore the received information to an image again and display the image on the display screen 340.
Preferably, the scanning device 100 includes a helmet, a signal interface 180, a crystal fixing block 150, and a photomultiplier 170, wherein the crystal fixing block 150 is correspondingly installed on both sides of the helmet, the crystal fixing block 150 is used for fixing a crystal 160 inside the helmet to prevent the crystal 160 from moving, wherein the crystal 160 is used for receiving gamma rays emitted from a human body and converting the gamma rays into optical signals, which facilitates subsequent processing of the photomultiplier 170, the photomultiplier 170 is used for converting the optical signals into electrical signals and outputting the electrical signals to the signal interface 180, and the signal interface 180 is used for transmitting the electrical signals to the data processing case 200.
Preferably, the helmet is configured with an inner helmet shell 110, an outer helmet shell 120, a ring-shaped helmet base 140 and a foam 130, the inner helmet shell 110 is used for fixing the head of a person and preventing the movement of the head during a test, the outer helmet shell 120 is used for protecting the crystal 160 and the photomultiplier 170 inside, the foam 130 is used for fixing the inner helmet shell 110, the outer helmet shell 120 and the crystal 160, preventing the movement and reducing the weight, and the ring-shaped helmet base 140 is used for supporting the helmet.
Preferably, the data processing chassis 200 further includes a data storage 260 chip, which is used for storing the packed and framed data, so as to facilitate the storage of data for extraction and carrying.
Preferably, the data processing enclosure 200 further comprises a plurality of signal interfaces, wherein one signal interface 210 is used for receiving the new number received from the scanning device 100 and transmitting the new number to the ADC sampling chip 220 and the TDC sampling chip 230 for processing, and the other signal interface 270 may be connected directly by the ethernet transmission 250 or connected by a data storage to transmit data.
Preferably, the electronic imaging device 300 includes a data acquisition 310 module, a data preprocessing 320 module, an image reconstruction 330 module, and a display screen 340 module, wherein the data acquisition 310 module is configured to receive the processed information and output the processed information to the data preprocessing 320 module, the data preprocessing 320 module is configured to preprocess the received information and output the preprocessed information to the image reconstruction 330 module, the image reconstruction 330 module is configured to reconstruct the preprocessed information and restore the image, and the display screen 340 module is configured to display the image obtained after reconstructing the information on the display screen 340, so as to facilitate the medical staff to view the situation.
Preferably, the image reconstruction 330 module includes a system matrix solving 331 module, a data rearranging 332 module, and a data iterative reconstruction 333 module, where the system matrix solving 331 is configured to solve a system matrix in the image information, and facilitates iterative reconstruction of data, and output the data to the data rearranging 332 module, the data rearranging 332 module is configured to rearrange data according to the system matrix, and output the data to the data iterative reconstruction 333 module, and the data iterative reconstruction 333 module is configured to iteratively reconstruct data after being rearranged by the data rearranging 332 according to the system matrix, and output the data to the display screen 340 module.
Preferably, the method of data iteration algorithm comprises at least the following steps:
step S1: k is 0, initialization, f(k),f(0)(x, y) using gray images with equal pixel values;
step S2: dividing projection data p (x, y) into 11 subsets [ p1, p2, …, p11] according to rules;
step S3: dividing the encoding function h (x, y) into 11 subsets { h1, h2, …, h11} according to the same grouping rule of projection data;
step S4: note that the reconstructed image of the first sub-iteration in the first iteration is f1(1), and is calculated by this formula:
wherein, is the k-th image estimation value, P: ((k+1)(x, y) is the k +1 measured projection value, h (x, y) is the coding function, "+" indicates the convolution operation,
representing a correlation operation;
step S5: f. of1 (1)(x, y) is the initial value of the second sub-iteration, and is substituted into the formula for calculation;
step S6: repeating S4 until the image is updated once for each subset { h1, h2, …., h11} and { p1, p2, …, p11 };
step S7: taking a reconstructed image obtained after the iteration of the previous wheel is finished as an initial value, and repeating the steps from S2 to S6;
step S8: and judging whether the reconstructed image meets the convergence requirement or not according to the relevant criterion, stopping iteration if the reconstructed image meets the convergence requirement, and continuing the iteration if the reconstructed image does not meet the requirement.
Preferably, the number of subsets into which the encoding function in step S3 is divided needs to be the same as the number of subsets into which the projection data is divided.
A construction method of the gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting at least comprises the following signal transmission steps:
step S1: the crystal receives gamma ray and converts the gamma ray into an optical signal;
step S2: converting the gamma rays into electric signals through a photoelectric converter;
step S3: obtaining position information and capability information through an ADC sampling chip or obtaining time information through a comparator and a TDC sampling chip by a flash pulse;
step S4: the information processed by the ADC sampling chip and the TDC sampling chip is processed by the FPGA processing chip;
step S5: the processed data is packed and framed through Ethernet;
step S6: data is firstly preprocessed after being stored in a memory or received by an upper computer;
step S7: and carrying out iterative reconstruction on the preprocessed data through an algorithm to form an image and sending the image to a display screen.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the whole scanning device is in a helmet shape, wherein the crystal used in the device is a large-field flat plate structure, and the size is 380mm × 440mm × 10mm, so that the flat plate detector in the invention utilizes the large-field flat plate crystal for detection, changes the existing ring structure, breaks through the acquisition method of TOF (time of flight), annihilates positrons, respectively acquires two generated gamma photons, each gamma photon appears to be independent, acquires in a X + Y manner on the Z axis, can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional, and solves TOF dislocation acquisition in an oblique incidence region, wherein the number of crystals in fig. 1 and 2 can be a regular quadrangle, a regular hexagon or more polygons.
One method of testing a patient of the present invention comprises the steps of:
step S1, doctor carries scanning device, data processing case and radioactive nuclide;
step S2, arriving at the home of the patient to carry out intravenous injection on the patient;
step S3, the data collected by the scanning device is transmitted to the data processing case;
step S4, the data processing case receives the data;
step S5, data is sampled by ADC and TDC;
step S6, the sampled data is processed by FPGA to extract main information;
step S7, transmitting the information to Ethernet to be packed and framed;
step S8, storing the framed data in a memory;
step S9, the doctor leads the device to the hospital for meeting and derives the data from the memory;
and step S10, the electronic imaging device reconstructs the data into an image to know the head and neck condition of the patient.
In step S2, a radionuclide, which is an unstable tracer, is injected into the human body, and decays in the human body to convert protons into neutrons and emit positrons and neutrons, which interact with surrounding materials to annihilate and generate a pair of gamma rays with equal energy (511keV) and opposite directions.
In step S6, the FPGA mainly extracts energy, time, and position information in the data, and these three kinds of information can sufficiently represent information of each position of the head and neck region.
The method of testing another patient of the present invention comprises the steps of,
step S1, the doctor carries out intravenous injection to the patient;
step S2, the data collected by the scanning device is transmitted to the data processing case;
step S3, data is sampled by ADC and TDC;
step S4, the sampled data is processed by FPGA to extract main information;
step S5, transmitting the information to Ethernet to be packed and framed;
s6, directly transmitting the framed data to an electronic imaging device through a signal interface;
step S7, the electronic imaging device reconstructs the data;
and step S8, sending the reconstructed image to a computer of a corresponding doctor, so that the doctor can conveniently check the condition of the patient.
In this embodiment, the FPGA processes the data in step S4, and it is necessary to match the data, identify the response line, and determine the correct pair of gamma rays, so as to accurately extract various information therein.
In step S7, the terminal reconstructs data using a data iteration algorithm, reduces data processing time, and increases the sharpness of the reconstructed image.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention is not to be limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and other embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims of the present application are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A gamma head and neck imaging instrument based on photon counting comprises a scanning device (100), a data processing cabinet (200) and an electronic imaging device (300), and is characterized in that:
the scanning device (100) is used for scanning the head and neck of a human body, collecting gamma rays and outputting the gamma rays to the data processing case (200);
the data processing case (200) is used for processing data sent by the scanning device (100), extracting information in the data and storing the information, wherein the data processing case (200) comprises at least one ADC sampling chip (220) or TDC sampling chip (230) and an FPGA processing chip (240), the ADC sampling chip (220) is used for extracting energy and position of an electric signal, the TDC sampling chip (230) is used for extracting time information in the electric signal, the FPGA processing chip (240) is used for processing digital information obtained after the ADC sampling chip (220) and the TDC sampling chip (230), and the data processing case also comprises a data transmission chip, the data transmission chip is configured to be gigabit Ethernet transmission (250) and is used for packaging and framing the data processed by the FPGA processing chip (240), outputting a corresponding signal to the electronic imaging device (300);
the electronic imaging device (300) is used for restoring the received information into an image and displaying the image on the display screen (340).
2. The photon-counting-based gamma head and neck imaging instrument according to claim 1, wherein:
the scanning device (100) comprises a helmet, a signal interface (180), a crystal fixing block (150) and a photomultiplier (170), wherein the crystal fixing blocks (150) are respectively and correspondingly arranged on two sides of the helmet;
the crystal fixing block (150) is used for fixing the crystal (160) in the helmet and preventing the crystal (160) from moving, wherein the crystal (160) is used for receiving gamma rays emitted by a human body and converting the gamma rays into optical signals, so that the photomultiplier (170) is convenient to process subsequently;
the photomultiplier (170) is used for converting the optical signal into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal to the signal interface (180);
the signal interface (180) is used for transmitting the electric signal to the data processing case (200).
3. The photon-counting-based gamma head and neck imaging instrument according to claim 2, wherein:
the helmet is configured with an inner helmet shell (110), an outer helmet shell (120), an annular helmet base (140), and foam (130);
the helmet inner shell (110) is used for fixing the head of a person and preventing the head of the person from moving during testing;
the helmet shell (120) is used for protecting the crystal inside and the photomultiplier (170);
the foam (130) is used for fixing the inner helmet shell (110), the outer helmet shell (120) and the crystal, preventing movement and reducing weight;
the annular helmet base (140) is for supporting the helmet.
4. The photon-counting-based gamma head and neck imaging instrument according to claim 1, wherein:
the data processing enclosure (200) further comprises a data storage (260) chip;
the data storage chip is used for storing the packed and framed data, and is convenient for the stored data to be extracted and carried.
5. The photon-counting-based gamma head and neck imaging instrument according to claim 4, wherein:
the data processing cabinet (200) further comprises a plurality of signal interfaces;
one of the signal interfaces (210) is used for receiving a new number received from the scanning device (100) and transmitting the new number to the ADC sampling chip (220) and the TDC sampling chip (230) for processing;
the other signal interface (270) can be directly connected by Ethernet transmission (250) or connected with data storage
And transmitting the data.
6. The photon-counting-based gamma head and neck imaging instrument according to claim 1, wherein:
the electronic imaging device (300) comprises a data acquisition (310) device module, a data preprocessing (320) module, an image reconstruction (330) module, and a display screen (340) module;
the data acquisition (310) module is used for receiving the processed information and outputting the processed information to the data preprocessing (320) module;
the data preprocessing (320) module is used for preprocessing the received information and outputting the information to the image reconstruction (330) module;
the image reconstruction (330) module is used for reconstructing the preprocessed information and restoring the image;
and the display screen (340) module is used for displaying the image obtained after the information is reconstructed on the display screen (340).
7. The photon-counting-based gamma head and neck imaging instrument according to claim 6, wherein:
the image reconstruction (330) module comprises a system matrix solving (331) module, a data rearrangement (332) module and a data iterative reconstruction (333) module;
the system matrix solving module (331) is used for solving a system matrix in the image information, so that iterative reconstruction of data is facilitated, and the data is output to the data rearrangement module (332);
the data rearrangement (332) module is used for rearranging data according to the system matrix and outputting the rearranged data to the data iterative reconstruction (333);
and the data iterative reconstruction (333) module is used for iteratively reconstructing the data subjected to data rearrangement (332) according to a system matrix and outputting the data to the display screen (340) module.
8. The photon-counting-based gamma head and neck imaging instrument according to claim 7, wherein:
the method of the data iteration algorithm comprises at least the following steps:
step S1: k is 0, initialize f(k)，f(0)(x, y) using gray images having equal pixel values;
step S2: dividing projection data p (x, y) into 11 subsets [ p1, p2, …, p11] according to rules;
step S3: dividing the encoding function h (x, y) into 11 subsets { h1, h2, …, h11} according to the same grouping rule of projection data;
step S4: note that the reconstructed image of the first sub-iteration in the first iteration is f1(1), and is calculated by this formula:
wherein f is(k)For the k-th image estimation, P: ((k+1)(x, y) is the k +1 measured projection value, h (x, y) is the coding function, "+" indicates the convolution operation,
representing a correlation operation;
step S5: f. of1 (1)(x, y) is the initial value of the second sub-iteration, and is substituted into the formula for calculation;
step S6: repeating S4 until the image is updated once for each subset { h1, h2, …., h11} and { p1, p2, …, p11 };
step S7: taking a reconstructed image obtained after the iteration of the previous wheel is finished as an initial value, and repeating the step S2 to the step 6;
step S8: and judging whether the reconstructed image meets the convergence requirement or not according to the relevant criterion, stopping iteration if the reconstructed image meets the convergence requirement, and continuing the iteration if the reconstructed image does not meet the requirement.
9. The photon-counting-based gamma head and neck imaging instrument according to claim 8, wherein:
the number of subsets into which the encoding function in step S3 is divided needs to be the same as the number of subsets into which the projection data is divided.
10. A method of constructing a gamma head and neck imaging apparatus based on photon counting according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein:
the method comprises at least the following signalling steps:
step S1: the crystal receives gamma ray and converts the gamma ray into an optical signal;
step S2: converting the gamma rays into electric signals through a photoelectric converter;
step S3: obtaining position information and capability information through an ADC sampling chip or obtaining time information through a comparator and a TDC sampling chip by a flash pulse;
step S4: the information processed by the ADC sampling chip and the TDC sampling chip is processed by the FPGA processing chip;
step S5: the processed data is packed and framed through Ethernet;
step S6: data is firstly preprocessed after being stored in a memory or received by an upper computer;
step S7: and carrying out iterative reconstruction on the preprocessed data through an algorithm to form an image and sending the image to a display screen.
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