CN110999751A - Biochar prepared from facility agricultural wastes, preparation method of biochar, soilless culture substrate and application of substrate - Google Patents
Biochar prepared from facility agricultural wastes, preparation method of biochar, soilless culture substrate and application of substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110999751A CN110999751A CN201911324980.XA CN201911324980A CN110999751A CN 110999751 A CN110999751 A CN 110999751A CN 201911324980 A CN201911324980 A CN 201911324980A CN 110999751 A CN110999751 A CN 110999751A
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- biochar
- soilless culture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides biochar prepared from facility agricultural wastes, a preparation method thereof, a soilless culture substrate and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of crop culture. The method for preparing the biochar by utilizing the facility agricultural wastes comprises the following steps: and crushing the facility agricultural wastes, and then cracking for 3-4 h at 300-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, and crushing the obtained cracking product to obtain the biochar. The prepared biochar contains rich porous structures and nutrient components, including quick-acting potassium, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting nitrogen, organic matters and salt, and the pH is alkaline, so that sufficient ventilation pores and nutrients are provided for the growth of crops. Compared with the existing soilless culture substrate, the soilless culture substrate for the vegetables provided by the invention not only can stably improve the yield of cucumbers, but also can realize the recycling of facility agricultural production wastes such as straws and the like, and promotes carbon fixation, emission reduction and green development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to biochar prepared from facility agricultural wastes, a preparation method of the biochar, a vegetable soilless culture substrate and application of the vegetable soilless culture substrate.
Background
The facility vegetable production plays an important role in facility production in China, wherein the cultivation areas of tomatoes and cucumbers are respectively positioned at the first place and the second place. However, the treatment of facility agricultural wastes and waste vegetables in the current production is always a difficult problem in the facility production. At present, the treatment modes of the wastes mainly include concentrated composting, crushing and returning to the field, garbage treatment, incineration and the like, wherein the compost is placed in the waste treatment device, and the compost takes a certain land space due to long treatment time, so that the waste treatment device is difficult to popularize in production. And the second crop planting is influenced by crushing and returning to the field, so that diseases and insect pests exist, and the risk of soil-borne diseases is particularly increased. But also causes pollution to the environment as garbage disposal or incineration.
Scientific and recyclable utilization of facility agricultural wastes is imminent, biochar is a product formed by cracking the agricultural wastes under the condition of high temperature and limited oxygen, has the characteristics of high carbon content, porous structure, difficult degradation in soil and the like, and has wide application in soil improvement water and soil conservation and heavy metal adsorption. Therefore, the method has important significance on how to prepare wastes such as tomato seedlings, cucumber seedlings, eggplant seedlings and the like generated in facility production into biochar required by agricultural cultivation.
Soilless culture is an important form of future facility agriculture, at present, the soilless culture in China is mainly based on matrix culture and mainly prepared from turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a certain proportion. As the grass carbon in the matrix is difficult to regenerate resources, the production cost of the matrix is high, and particularly, the foreign excellent grass carbon has higher price and is difficult to utilize in production.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to provide biochar prepared from facility agricultural wastes, which has rich nutrient content and excellent physicochemical properties, solves the problem of difficulty in treating agricultural wastes, and provides a part of raw material sources for soilless culture substrates, and a method for preparing the same
The invention also provides a vegetable soilless culture substrate and application thereof, which not only can stably improve the vegetable planting yield, but also can realize the cyclic utilization of agricultural production wastes such as facility vegetable straws and the like, and promote the carbon fixation, emission reduction and green development.
The invention provides a preparation method for preparing biochar by utilizing facility agricultural wastes, which comprises the following steps:
and crushing the facility agricultural wastes, and then cracking for 3-4 h at 300-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, and crushing the obtained cracking product to obtain the biochar.
Preferably, the water content of the facility agricultural waste is 10% to 15%.
Preferably, the facility agricultural waste comprises tomato straw, pepper straw or eggplant straw.
Preferably, the cracking temperature of the facility agricultural waste is 350-450 ℃.
Preferably, the facility agricultural waste has a cracking time of 3.5 h.
Preferably, the crushing particle size of the cracking product is 1-2 mm.
The invention provides biochar prepared by the preparation method, which comprises the following nutrients in parts by weight:
154.0mg/kg of quick-acting nitrogen, 1240.0mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 19.00g/kg of quick-acting potassium, 66.89g/kg of organic matters, 28.88g/kg of salt, 2.37 percent of total nitrogen, 1.72 percent of total phosphorus, 4.1 percent of total potassium and 9.23 of pH value.
The invention provides a vegetable soilless culture substrate, which comprises biochar and a soilless culture substrate; the mass ratio of the biochar to the soilless culture substrate is 1-3: 100.
The invention provides an application of the soilless culture substrate for vegetables in vegetable planting.
The invention provides a method for preparing biochar by using facility agricultural wastes, which comprises the steps of crushing the facility agricultural wastes, then cracking the crushed wastes for 3-4 hours at 300-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, and crushing the obtained cracking products to obtain the biochar. The prepared biochar contains rich nutrient components including quick-acting potassium, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting nitrogen as well as organic matters and salt, and the pH value is alkaline, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth of crops. Meanwhile, the biochar is subjected to pyrolysis in the preparation process, has a rich porous structure, and provides root oxygen for the growth of crops. The method not only solves the problem that agricultural wastes are difficult to treat, but also provides a raw material source for the soilless culture substrate.
Compared with the existing vegetable substrate cultivation method, the vegetable soilless culture substrate containing the biochar prepared by the scheme is used, the vegetable yield can be stably improved, agricultural production wastes such as straws can be recycled, and carbon fixation, emission reduction and green development are promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the influence of the addition of tomato straw biochar to a soilless culture substrate on the plant height and stem thickness of cucumber; wherein, fig. 1-A is a bar chart of the influence of the soilless culture substrate added with the tomato straw biochar on the plant height of the cucumber, and fig. 1-B is a bar chart of the influence of the soilless culture substrate added with the tomato straw biochar on the stem thickness of the cucumber;
fig. 2 is a graph of the effect of adding tomato straw biochar to a soilless culture substrate on the individual plant yield and the average per mu yield of cucumbers, wherein fig. 2-A is a bar graph of adding tomato straw biochar to the soilless culture substrate on the individual plant yield of cucumbers, and fig. 2-B is a bar graph of adding tomato straw biochar to the soilless culture substrate on the average per mu yield of cucumbers.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preparing biochar by utilizing facility agricultural wastes, which comprises the following steps:
and crushing the facility agricultural wastes, and then cracking for 3-4 h at 300-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, and crushing the obtained cracking product to obtain the biochar.
In the present invention, the facility agricultural waste includes all crop waste in agricultural production, preferably includes tomato straw, pepper straw or eggplant straw. The source of the facility agricultural waste is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the facility agricultural waste known in the art may be used. The facility agricultural waste is preferably dried prior to pyrolysis. The method of drying is not particularly limited in the present invention, and drying schemes well known in the art, such as natural drying or mechanical drying, may be used. The drying degree is such that the water content of the agricultural waste of facilities is preferably 10% to 15%, more preferably 11% to 14%, and still more preferably 12% to 13%.
In the invention, the cracking temperature of the facility agricultural waste is preferably 350-450 ℃, and most preferably 400 ℃. The cracking time of the facility agricultural waste is preferably 3.5 h. The pyrolysis is preferably carried out in a high temperature carbonization furnace.
In the invention, the crushed particle size of the cracking product is preferably 1-2 mm, and more preferably 1.5 mm. The biochar is prepared by adopting the scheme, and the yield is 25-30%.
The invention provides biochar prepared by the preparation method, which comprises the following nutrients in parts by weight:
154.0mg/kg of quick-acting nitrogen, 1240.0mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 19.00g/kg of quick-acting potassium, 66.89g/kg of organic matters, 28.88g/kg of salt, 2.37 percent of total nitrogen, 1.72 percent of total phosphorus, 4.1 percent of total potassium and 9.23 of pH value.
The invention provides a vegetable soilless culture substrate, which comprises biochar and a soilless culture substrate; the mass ratio of the biochar to the soilless culture substrate is 1-3: 100. The soilless culture substrate comprises grass carbon: vermiculite: perlite. The grass carbon: the volume ratio of the vermiculite to the perlite is 3:1: 1. The source of the soilless culture substrate is not particularly limited in the invention, and the soilless culture substrate known in the field can be used. The soilless culture substrate for vegetables preferably also comprises moisture. The addition amount of the water accounts for 50-60% of the total mass of the soilless culture substrate. According to the preparation method of the vegetable soilless culture substrate, the biochar and the soilless culture substrate are mixed in proportion.
The invention provides an application of the soilless culture substrate for vegetables in vegetable planting.
In the present invention, the method for vegetable cultivation preferably comprises the steps of:
and (3) loading the soilless culture substrate of the vegetables into a pot or a soilless culture groove, watering thoroughly, planting the vegetables after 1-2 days, and performing conventional planting management.
The following examples are provided to describe the biochar prepared by using agricultural wastes, the method for preparing the biochar, the soilless culture substrate for vegetables and the application of the soilless culture substrate for vegetables in the present invention in detail, but the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto.
Example 1
Preparation method of biochar
Utilizing agricultural wastes such as facility tomato straws, wheat straws, peanut shells, rice hulls, garden trees and the like to crack for 3-4 hours at 300-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, crushing a cracking product to 1-2 mm by using a crusher, detecting nutrient content and physicochemical properties, and determining the detection method by referring to a soil sample analysis method, namely a quick-acting nitrogen alkali de-diffusion method; the quick-acting potassium and the total potassium are measured by flame photometry; measuring the quick-acting phosphorus by an Olsen-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method; organic substance adopts TOC, measuring by using an analyzer; the total nitrogen is measured by adopting a semi-micro Kjeldahl method; all phosphorus warp H2SO4-HClO4After digestion, measuring by a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method; the pH value is water: diluting the mixture according to the carbon ratio of 5:1, and measuring the mixture by a pH meter; and (4) determining the content of the water-soluble total salt by adopting a residue drying-mass method. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 content of biochar nutrients and physicochemical properties from different agricultural waste sources
Example 2
The tomato straw biochar prepared in the example 1 is added into a soilless culture substrate to improve the cucumber yield
1. The experiment was designed in a randomized block, with 3 treatments, each repeated 3 times. Adding the tomato straw biochar into a commercial soilless culture substrate according to the mass ratio of 0% (B0), 3% (B3) and 5% (B5) (the volume ratio of the turf to the vermiculite to the perlite is 3:1:1), fully mixing, and filling into soilless culture pots (the length, the width and the height of each pot are 76cm, 42cm and 27cm, and each pot contains 10kg of culture substrate) for later use.
2. Transplanting 3-4 true leaves of south China type cucumber variety 'Yulong', watering the matrix thoroughly 2 days before planting, planting 2 plants in each pot, processing 16 plants for planting, and watering for planting once after planting. And managing after planting according to a conventional soilless cucumber cultivation method. Watering the soilless culture nutrient solution fertilizer once every 2 days in the seedling stage (the EC value is 1.6), and watering the nutrient solution fertilizer once every day in the flowering and fruit setting stage; the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 25 ℃ on average in the daytime and 20 ℃ on average at night; greenhouse humidity, illumination intensity and CO2The concentration is not controlled and is consistent with the natural condition.
3. Harvesting: planting in 2019, 9 and 15 days, harvesting in 10 and 22 days, finishing harvesting in 11 and 09 days, harvesting commodity melons every day or every other day in the sitting melon period, and expressing the yield of each plant according to the cumulative yield of a cell.
Test results
1. Influence of tomato straw biochar added into soilless culture substrate on cucumber growth
The plant height and stem thickness of the cucumber are measured in the cucumber sitting-cucumber full-season. As shown in fig. 1-a and fig. 1-B, the plant height and stem thickness of the cucumber were not significantly different from those of the control treatment (adding biochar 0) by adding 3% of biochar to the soilless culture substrate, while the plant height of the cucumber was significantly reduced by adding 5% of biochar to the soilless culture substrate without significantly affecting the stem thickness of the cucumber. Under each treatment condition, cucumber plant height and stem thickness measured at 3% charcoal treatment were the greatest.
2. Influence of tomato straw biochar added into soilless culture substrate on cucumber yield
As shown in fig. 2-a and 2-B, the addition of 3% of tomato straw biochar to the soilless culture substrate significantly increased cucumber yield, which was 22.8% higher than the control treatment (0 added with biochar), while the addition of 5% of biochar decreased cucumber yield, which was 8.57% lower than the control treatment. This is probably due to the fact that the high salt content in the tomato seedling biochar and the organic compounds thereof, such as n-alkanoic acid, hydroxy and acetoxy acid-containing compounds, benzoic acid and phenols, are easily re-condensed into the biochar during the waste cracking and cooling process, and the compounds have a promoting effect (toxic excitation effect) on the growth of crops under the condition of low concentration and are harmful to the growth of crops under the condition of high concentration. Therefore, it is presumed that the high content of organic compounds and high salt contained in the vegetable soilless culture substrate to which the 3% tomato straw biochar is added inhibits the growth of cucumber. Therefore, the amount of the tomato straw biochar added into the soilless culture substrate is not higher than 5%, and the yield increase effect of the cucumber is the best by adding 3% biochar in the experimental example.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for preparing the biochar by utilizing the facility agricultural wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and crushing the facility agricultural wastes, and then cracking for 3-4 h at 300-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, and crushing the obtained cracking product to obtain the biochar.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the facility agricultural waste is 10% to 15%.
3. A method of producing as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the facility agricultural waste comprises tomato straw, pepper straw or eggplant straw.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis temperature of the facility agricultural waste is 350-450 ℃.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the facility agricultural waste is cracked for 3-4 hours.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, wherein the crushed particle size of the cleavage product is 1 to 2 mm.
7. The biochar prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized by comprising the following nutrients:
154.0mg/kg of quick-acting nitrogen, 1240.0mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 19.00g/kg of quick-acting potassium, 66.89g/kg of organic matters, 28.88g/kg of salt, 2.37 percent of total nitrogen, 1.72 percent of total phosphorus, 4.1 percent of total potassium and 9.23 of pH value.
8. A soilless culture substrate for vegetables, comprising the biochar of claim 7 and a soilless culture substrate; the mass ratio of the biochar to the soilless culture substrate is 1-3: 100.
9. The soilless culture substrate for vegetables in claim 8 is used for planting vegetables.
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| CN201911324980.XA CN110999751A (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Biochar prepared from facility agricultural wastes, preparation method of biochar, soilless culture substrate and application of substrate |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113620744A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Phosphorus-rich biochar, preparation method thereof and water culture nutrient solution containing phosphorus-rich biochar |
| CN114751394A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-15 | 兰州文理学院 | Preparation of nitrogen-doped pepper residue biomass porous carbon material and application of nitrogen-doped pepper residue biomass porous carbon material as electrode material |
| CN114902930A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-08-16 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of biochar soilless culture substrate |
| CN114946597A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 淮阴工学院 | Plant seedling raising substrate production method capable of reducing greenhouse gas emission |
| CN116082092A (en) * | 2023-01-12 | 2023-05-09 | 南开大学 | Preparation method of biochar, and method and application for returning tail vegetables to field |
-
2019
- 2019-12-20 CN CN201911324980.XA patent/CN110999751A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113620744A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Phosphorus-rich biochar, preparation method thereof and water culture nutrient solution containing phosphorus-rich biochar |
| CN114751394A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-15 | 兰州文理学院 | Preparation of nitrogen-doped pepper residue biomass porous carbon material and application of nitrogen-doped pepper residue biomass porous carbon material as electrode material |
| CN114902930A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-08-16 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of biochar soilless culture substrate |
| CN114902930B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-11-24 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of biochar soilless culture substrate |
| CN114946597A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 淮阴工学院 | Plant seedling raising substrate production method capable of reducing greenhouse gas emission |
| CN114946597B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-12-26 | 淮阴工学院 | Plant seedling raising substrate production method capable of reducing greenhouse gas emission |
| CN116082092A (en) * | 2023-01-12 | 2023-05-09 | 南开大学 | Preparation method of biochar, and method and application for returning tail vegetables to field |
| CN116082092B (en) * | 2023-01-12 | 2024-04-19 | 南开大学 | Preparation method of biochar, and method and application for returning tail vegetables to field |
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