CN110997303A - 具有嵌入的连接元件的夹层结构 - Google Patents

具有嵌入的连接元件的夹层结构 Download PDF

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CN110997303A
CN110997303A CN201880050078.0A CN201880050078A CN110997303A CN 110997303 A CN110997303 A CN 110997303A CN 201880050078 A CN201880050078 A CN 201880050078A CN 110997303 A CN110997303 A CN 110997303A
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insert
sandwich structure
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弗雷德里克·奥尔登布格
莫里茨·赖弗沙伊德
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Lufthansa Technik AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有嵌入的连接元件(6)的夹层结构(1)以及一种用于制造这种夹层结构的方法。根据本发明的夹层结构(1)具有两个覆盖层(2、3)和布置在覆盖层之间的芯(4)，芯具有用于连接其他构件的至少一个连接元件(6)，其中，连接元件(6)包括在一个覆盖层(2)处嵌入到夹层结构(1)中的嵌入件(7)，嵌入件的嵌入深度小于芯(4)的厚度。在此，连接元件(6)被加工为与嵌入连接元件(6)所经过的覆盖层(2)的外侧齐平，或从该覆盖层(2)突出。根据本发明的用于制造这种夹层结构(1)的方法包括以下步骤：a)从夹层结构(1)的一个覆盖层(2)起始制造盲孔(5)；b)将连接元件(6)引入到盲孔(5)中并且将连接元件(6)固定在盲孔中；c)加工连接元件(6)，使得连接元件与覆盖层(2)齐平或从覆盖层(2)突出一预定高度。

Description

具有嵌入的连接元件的夹层结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有嵌入的连接元件的夹层结构，以及用于制造这种夹层结构的方法。
背景技术
特别在轻质结构领域中，例如在航空领域中经常使用的轻质结构，通常应用夹层结构。在相应地构造时，在两个吸收力的坚固覆盖层之间布置有较软的芯，该芯将两个覆盖层以抗剪切力的方式彼此连接。根据所使用的芯，该结构能够在低重量的情况下也有极大的抗弯强度。在此，芯经常具有本领域技术人员熟知的所谓的蜂窝结构。
可以将不同的材料用于覆盖层和芯。在航空领域中，特别是对于客机的机舱内部构造经常使用以下夹层结构，其具有两层浸有酚醛树脂的玻璃纤维覆盖层、和一个由浸有酚醛树脂的芳纶蜂窝结构制成的芯。为了得到吸引人的视觉印象，相应的夹层结构至少在装入状态下可视的平面处设置有贴面。例如，如果需要提供高品质实木家具的印象，则首先将木贴面粘贴到夹层结构处，然后配有高光漆。
夹层结构通常以夹层板的形式作为半成品被提供。为了将相应的夹层板与其他部件连接，通常在为此设置的连接点处将内螺纹衬套(所谓的嵌入件)引入到夹层板中。对此，从两个覆盖层之一起始在夹层板中铣削出盲孔，嵌入件借助粘合剂固定在盲孔中，从而内螺纹能够用作为连接点。
另一覆盖层在设置用于嵌入件的盲孔区域中是连续的，即没有被开口穿透。其也适用于在其上施加贴面。
然而，在该另一覆盖层处通常显示出表面缩进，所谓的嵌入件拉动(InsertPulls)。在嵌入件拉动的情况下，该另一覆盖层在夹层板的芯的方向上收缩几微米。即使这些凹陷自身不能以肉眼识别，但是当在夹层结构上施加高光涂装且抛光的表面贴面时，这些凹陷以干扰光反射的形式表现得十分明显。与嵌入件拉动相关区域的加工(通常需要重新涂漆)是复杂且昂贵的。
为了防止出现嵌入件拉动，在现有技术中已知：在应设置嵌入件的区域中，在制造夹层结构期间就已经通过刚性填充材料替换夹层结构的芯，随后能够将嵌入件以所述方式装入该刚性填充材料中。虽然相应的夹层结构中不再出现嵌入件拉动，但是相对于没有相应填充材料的夹层结构增加了重量。相应夹层结构的制造也很复杂，因此不适合单个生产或小批量生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种夹层结构，其具有嵌入其中的连接元件，以及提供一种用于制造这种夹层结构的方法，其中，现有技术中的缺点不再出现或仅以减小的程度出现。
该目的通过根据独立权利要求所述的夹层结构以及根据并列权利要求9所述的方法来实现。从属权利要求的主题是有利的改进方案。
因此，本发明涉及一种夹层结构，其具有两个覆盖层以及布置在覆盖层之间的芯，芯具有用于连接其他构件的至少一个连接元件，其中，连接元件包括在一个覆盖层处嵌入到夹层结构中的嵌入件，嵌入件的嵌入深度小于夹层结构的芯的厚度，并且其中，嵌入件或布置在嵌入件上的补偿元件被加工为与嵌入连接元件所经过的覆盖层的外侧齐平或者从该覆盖层突出。
本发明还涉及一种将连接元件插入到夹层结构中的方法，夹层结构具有两个覆盖层以及布置在覆盖层之间的芯，其中，连接元件包括嵌入件，该方法具有以下步骤：
a)从夹层结构的一个覆盖层起始制造盲孔；
b)将连接元件引入到盲孔中并且将连接元件固定在盲孔中；并且
c)加工连接元件，使得连接元件与覆盖层齐平或者从覆盖层突出一预定高度。
“夹层结构的芯的厚度”对应于两个覆盖层之间的距离。“嵌入深度”表示嵌入件嵌入到夹层结构中的深度。
本发明基于以下发现，嵌入件拉动尤其出现在嵌入件相对于覆盖层(嵌入件通过该覆盖层嵌入到夹层结构中)凹陷地布置时。如果将旋入嵌入件的内螺纹中的螺丝拧紧，而夹层结构抵靠另一部件，则能够引起夹层结构的变形，这最终能够导致另一覆盖层的嵌入件拉动。
为了避免这种情况，根据本发明提出，将包括嵌入件的连接元件加工为与其所嵌入处的覆盖层的外侧齐平或从覆盖层突出。由此阻止了由于拧紧旋入到嵌入件中的螺丝而在连接元件与夹层结构之间引起相对运动以及因此引发的嵌入件拉动。
在本发明的意义下，“加工的连接元件”理解为以下连接元件，其在装入到覆盖层中的状态下被加工，直到与覆盖层齐平为止。这能够例如通过施加或去除材料来实现。在本发明的意义下被加工的连接元件能够由此被识别：连接元件以特别精确的方式匹配于覆盖层的平面。此外，这通过在施加或去除时产生的连接元件的结构变化而能够被识别。
优选地，连接元件的加工通过打磨得与覆盖层齐平来实现。
连接元件首先布置为从覆盖层突出的，然后，在需要时，能够将连接元件打磨得与该覆盖层的平面齐平。换而言之，在覆盖层上首先突出的连接元件被打磨，直至其与覆盖层齐平为止。在该过程中，覆盖层本身不会被损伤或打磨。连接元件是否布置得与覆盖层齐平或被打磨齐平，能够在之后被轻松识别出，例如根据磨痕和/或在打磨表面处的连接元件边缘的造型而被识别出。
代替齐平的打磨，连接元件也能够从连接元件嵌入到夹层结构中所经过的覆盖层突出或者被保留。在这种情况下也有效避免了在另一覆盖层处的嵌入件拉动。
如果连接元件没有被打磨齐平，则连接元件优选地从嵌入连接元件所经过的覆盖层突出小于6mm，更加优选地小于3mm。突出的连接元件也能够被打磨，以达到例如期望的突出高度和/或连接元件的打磨平面与覆盖层平行。
连接元件能够只包括嵌入件。然而，连接元件也能够包括布置在嵌入件上的与覆盖层不重叠的补偿元件。在本文中，“不重叠”意味着补偿元件在垂直穿过覆盖层的投影中与该覆盖层不相交。换而言之，补偿元件在该投影中完全位于嵌入件的周界线内。如果设置有补偿元件，那么该补偿元件能够被加工得与覆盖层齐平，优选被打磨齐平，或者在覆盖层上突出。在后一种情况下，嵌入件本身也能够已经在覆盖层上突出，但是由于附加的补偿元件而实现了突出部的更高的高度。补偿元件能够在嵌入件嵌入到夹层结构中之后布置在嵌入件上。在这种情况下，嵌入件首先能够根据现有技术被引入到夹层结构中，并且随后才通过施加补偿元件成为根据本发明的连接元件。
补偿元件也能够是在施加到嵌入件上之后硬化的填料或者是预制构件，该预制构件与嵌入件接触并且优选材料配合地与嵌入件连接。预制构件能够例如设计为环形并且与垫片类似。如果补偿元件是预制构件，那么优选的是，其由相比于嵌入件的材料耐腐蚀的材料制成。
在优选的实施方式中，设置有遮盖连接元件和夹层结构的覆盖层的板，其中，在嵌入件与遮盖板之间的空间被硬化的填料填充。遮盖板允许以简单的方式和方法为用作为补偿元件的可硬化填料提供与覆盖层齐平的边界。因此，该实施方式允许将补偿元件简单并且准确地加工成与覆盖层齐平，因此连接元件必然与覆盖层齐平。
通过相应的板还能够将连接元件区域中的力大面积地分散在夹层结构上，从而能够避免可能导致夹层结构损伤的负载峰值。
夹层结构的芯优选是蜂窝芯，其例如由铝或纤维增强的合成材料制成。利用相应的芯能够实现特别轻的夹层结构。更优选的是，嵌入件由金属制成。在金属嵌入件的情况下，通常实现内螺纹的高承载能力。
根据本发明的夹层结构在以下情况下是特别有利的，其中在连接元件的嵌入没有经过的覆盖层上施加光亮的表面层，例如高光涂装的木贴面、漆、薄膜、皮革或其他织物。
参考以上阐述来解释根据本发明的方法。
附图说明
现在根据有利的实施方式参照附图示例性地描述本发明。示出：
图1a-d示出用于制造根据本发明的第一夹层结构的根据本发明方法的第一实施例；
图2a-e示出用于制造根据本发明的第二夹层结构的根据本发明方法的第二实施例；以及
图3示出用于制造根据本发明的第三夹层结构的根据本发明方法的第三实施例。
具体实施方式
图1a-d示出用于制造根据本发明的第一夹层结构1的方法。
图1a示出了夹层结构1的初始状态。夹层结构1包括两个覆盖层2、3，它们通过设计为蜂窝芯的芯4彼此固定连接。覆盖层2、3以及芯4都由纤维增强的合成材料制成。在图1a中下方示出的覆盖层3上布置有高光涂装的木贴面3`。
在第一步骤中，通过铣削从夹层结构1的一个覆盖层2起始制造盲孔5，使得另一覆盖层3保持完好无缺(图1b)
然后，将连接元件6布置到该盲孔5中，连接元件由具有内螺纹8的嵌入件7构成，并且连接元件利用粘合剂9固定在盲孔中。但是与现有技术不同，在此，嵌入件7布置为在夹层结构1的覆盖层2上突出。在此，嵌入件7的嵌入深度小于芯4的厚度，使得嵌入件7与另一覆盖层3之间存在距离(图1c)。
在粘合剂9硬化之后，打磨连接元件6，使得连接元件在覆盖层2上仅还突出一预定高度(图1d)。通常在实际过程之后仍然能够很好地确定该打磨，例如，根据磨痕或者根据在嵌入件7的上侧边缘处的原始设置的倒角的缺失确定该打磨(参见图2c)。当然也可能的是，预定高度等于零，即，连接元件6打磨得与覆盖层2齐平。
通过根据本发明，将连接元件6可靠地与覆盖层2齐平或在覆盖层2上突出，能够有效地避免在连接元件6的区域中在另一覆盖层3处的嵌入件拉动。
图2中示出了用于制造根据本发明的夹层结构1的根据本发明方法的第二实施例。
图2a示出了夹层结构1与图1a相同的初始状态。夹层结构也包括两个由纤维增强的合成材料构成的覆盖层2、3，覆盖层通过设计为蜂窝芯的芯4彼此固定连接，芯同样由纤维增强的合成材料制成。在覆盖层3上布置有高光涂装的木贴面3`。
在第一步骤中，再次从夹层结构1的没有配备木贴面3`的覆盖层2起始通过铣削制造盲孔5，其中，另一覆盖层3和其上布置的木贴面3`保持完好无缺(图2b)。
然后，嵌入件7作为连接元件6的一部分以已知的方式装入到该盲孔5中，并且利用粘合剂9固定嵌入件。在此，嵌入件7沉入到夹层结构1中，即，嵌入件7从外部可接触的侧面凹陷地布置在覆盖层2后方。然而，嵌入件7的嵌入深度也小于芯4的厚度(图2c)。
然后，为了使连接元件6完整，在嵌入件7上将形状与垫片类似的单独构件作为补偿元件10与嵌入件7优选材料配合地(在这种情况下通过粘合)连接。补偿元件10具有通孔11，使得嵌入件7的内螺纹8保持可触及。同时，补偿元件10与覆盖层2不重叠(图2d)。
最后，打磨连接元件6，特别是打磨单独的补偿元件，使得连接元件在覆盖层2上仅还突出一预定高度(图2e)。当然也可行的是，预定高度等于零，即，连接元件6打磨得与覆盖层2齐平。在此也能够有效避免在连接元件6的区域中在另一覆盖层2处的嵌入件拉动。
图3示出了用于制造根据本发明的夹层结构1的根据本发明方法的第三实施例。
如上面阐述的实施例，首先利用粘合剂9将嵌入件7固定在夹层结构1的盲孔5中。然而，嵌入件7在此没有到达覆盖层2，即，嵌入件7凹陷地布置在覆盖层2后方。
以根据本发明的方式加工连接元件6，使得连接元件与覆盖层2齐平，在这种情况下通过施加硬化的填料12实现；填料起到补偿元件10的作用。为了避免填料的复杂填充(这也是可设想的)，设置有遮盖覆盖层2的板13。板13连同嵌入件7形成填充空间，该填充空间被填料12填充。在如此形成的填充空间中分布填料，使得填料形成与覆盖层2齐平的补偿元件10。在该过程中，板13具有用于以填料填充该填充空间的填充开口。
可替代地，也能够在装入嵌入件7之后，首先用填料12填充盲孔5。在此优选地，施加比填充空间能容纳的略多的填料12。然后，将板13布置成覆盖在盲孔5和覆盖层2之上，从而从填充空间中挤压出多余的填料12。通过该过程同样能够确保连接元件6被加工成与覆盖层2齐平。
因此，内螺纹8保持为是可触及的，优选设置有通孔11。

Claims (13)

1.一种夹层结构(1)，具有两个覆盖层(2、3)和布置在所述覆盖层之间的芯(4)，所述芯具有用于连接其他构件的至少一个连接元件(6)，其中，所述连接元件(6)包括在一个所述覆盖层(2)处嵌入到所述夹层结构(1)中的嵌入件(7)，所述嵌入件的嵌入深度小于所述芯(4)的厚度，其特征在于，所述连接元件(6)被加工为与嵌入所述连接元件(6)所经过的所述覆盖层(2)的外侧齐平，或从该覆盖层(2)突出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹层结构(1)，其特征在于，齐平加工的所述连接元件(6)是被打磨齐平的。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层结构(1)，其特征在于，所述连接元件(6)突出小于6mm，优选地突出小于3mm。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层结构(1)，其特征在于，所述连接元件(6)包括布置在所述嵌入件(7)上的与所述覆盖层(2)不重叠的补偿元件(10)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的夹层结构(1)，其特征在于，所述补偿元件(10)由在施加到所述嵌入件(7)上之后硬化的填料制成或者是与所述嵌入件(7)接触的单独构件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的夹层结构(1)，其特征在于，设有遮盖所述连接元件(6)和所述夹层结构(1)的覆盖层(2)的板，其中，在所述嵌入件(7)与遮盖板之间的空间被硬化的所述填料填充。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层结构(1)，其特征在于，所述夹层结构(1)的所述芯(4)是蜂窝芯，和/或，所述嵌入件(7)由金属制成。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层结构(1)，其特征在于，所述连接元件(6)的嵌入没有经过的所述覆盖层(3)上施加有光亮的表面层，优选地施加有高光涂装的木贴面(3`)。
9.一种用于将连接元件(6)插入到夹层结构(1)中的方法，所述夹层结构具有两个覆盖层(2、3)和布置在所述覆盖层之间的芯(4)，
其中，所述连接元件包括嵌入件(7)，所述方法具有以下步骤：
a)从所述夹层结构(1)的一个所述覆盖层(2)起始制造盲孔(5)；
b)将所述连接元件(6)引入到所述盲孔(5)中并且将所述连接元件(6)固定在所述盲孔中；以及
c)加工所述连接元件(6)，使得所述连接元件与所述覆盖层(2)齐平或从所述覆盖层(2)突出一预定高度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连接元件(6)被打磨至高出所述覆盖层(2)的高度小于6mm，优选小于3mm。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述连接元件(6)引入到所述盲孔(5)中并且将所述连接元件(6)固定在所述盲孔中包括以下子步骤：
-将所述嵌入件(7)引入到所述盲孔(5)中，并且将所述嵌入件(7)固定在所述盲孔中；并且
-将补偿元件(10)布置在所述嵌入件(7)上，使得所述补偿元件不与所述覆盖层(2)重叠并且在所述覆盖层上突出。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，为了安装所述补偿元件(10)，将填料施加到所述嵌入件(7)上并且固化所述填料，或者将单独构件优选材料配合地固定在所述嵌入件(7)处。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在不作为待制造的所述盲孔(5)的起点的所述覆盖层(3)上施加有光亮的表面层，优选地施加有高光涂装的木贴面(3`)。
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