CN110996237A

CN110996237A - Electron generator, net charge generating device and electrostatic loudspeaker

Info

Publication number: CN110996237A
Application number: CN201910392599.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董耀斌
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-05-14
Filing date: 2019-05-13
Publication date: 2020-04-10
Also published as: WO2019218697A1

Abstract

The invention provides a net charge generating device and an electron generator used for the net charge generating device, and also provides a vibrating diaphragm used in an electrostatic loudspeaker. In the prior art, the static charges required by the diaphragm of the electrostatic loudspeaker are injected by a high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the high-voltage direct-current power supply has a large volume, so that the electrostatic loudspeaker is not suitable for being used on portable electronic equipment and is a defect of the electrostatic loudspeaker. The invention provides a net charge generating device to replace a high-voltage direct-current power supply in an electrostatic loudspeaker in the prior art, the net charge generating device is simple in structure and convenient to miniaturize, so that the volume of the electrostatic loudspeaker designed by the net charge generating device is greatly reduced, and the use requirements of miniaturization, lightness and thinness of the electrostatic loudspeaker in mobile portable equipment can be met.

Description

Electron generator, net charge generating device and electrostatic loudspeaker

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of sound images, in particular to an electron generator, a net charge generating device and an electrostatic loudspeaker.

Background art:

from the beginning of the twentieth of the last century, loudspeakers with various sound production modes have appeared, of which moving coil loudspeakers (driven by magnetic field force) and electrostatic loudspeakers (driven by electrostatic force) have become two development directions mainly considered by sound engineers. Because of the consideration of technology, process and cost, the industry has selected the moving-coil loudspeaker, and this kind of loudspeaker simple structure, efficient can satisfy the index requirement of sound system to the speaker at that time basically, is the mainstream product in market all the time.

With the emergence of digital technology for sound source equipment and high fidelity audio amplifiers, the moving-coil loudspeaker widely used at present is difficult to keep up with the development of sound technology due to large distortion (about 3%), and becomes the bottleneck of sound reproduction system, and the moving-coil loudspeaker can not reproduce the sound information of high fidelity digital audio signals (distortion is less than or equal to 0.02%).

In order to restore the sound information of the high-fidelity digital audio signal, an electrostatic loudspeaker can be adopted, the principle of the electrostatic loudspeaker is shown in figure 1, the input audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through an audio transformer (101) and then is added to two fixed polar plates (103), an electric field which changes along with the voltage of the audio signal is generated between the two fixed polar plates (103), electrostatic charges are injected into a vibrating diaphragm (102) by a high-voltage direct-current power supply (104), and the vibrating diaphragm (102) vibrates under the action of the electric field force to generate sound.

The vibrating diaphragm (102) of the electrostatic loudspeaker is made by spraying a thin layer of high-impedance conductive material on a thin polyester film (only a few microns), and the vibrating diaphragm (102) is thin (only a few microns) and light (the mass of the vibrating diaphragm is only one hundredth of that of a moving-coil loudspeaker vibrating system), so that the transient characteristic is good, the capability of following audio signals is strong, the analytic power is extremely excellent, and the details of music can be distinguished; the theoretical distortion of the electrostatic loudspeaker is very small (the distortion is less than or equal to 0.05 percent), for example, the sound of the electrostatic loudspeaker of the ESL-2905 luxury edition of QUAD company in UK is more than 1000Hz, and the distortion is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; the distortion of the low frequency band (below 500 Hz) is slightly larger and is between 0.5 percent and 1 percent.

The electrostatic speaker performs well in the middle and high frequency bands, but cannot be compared with the moving coil speaker in the low frequency band (below 500 Hz). Since a slower but larger amplitude vibration is required in the low frequency band, and the distance between the two fixed poles of the electrostatic speaker is not too large in the prior art, if the distance between the two fixed poles is increased, the efficiency will be drastically reduced, so that it is more effective to use the electrostatic speaker in the middle and high frequency bands, and to use the conventional moving coil speaker in the low frequency band, such as the product of MARTIN lougan corporation, usa. The problem of the combined sound system is that the low frequency, the middle frequency and the high frequency are difficult to be seamlessly connected, because the cone has relatively large mass (compared with the vibrating diaphragm of the electrostatic loudspeaker), the capability of following the audio signal is poor, and the vibrating diaphragm of the electrostatic loudspeaker is very light and has good transient characteristic and almost synchronously changes with the audio signal, so the difference of the music quality represented by the two is still obvious.

If an electrostatic loudspeaker is adopted in the full frequency band, the vibrating diaphragm needs to be made into a large area, for example, the whole vibrating diaphragm is 107cm wide and 206cm high in flagship products of Sound Lab company in the United states, and is placed in a living room like two door plates.

The electrostatic loudspeaker has the advantages that: the vibrating diaphragm has extremely light weight, so the vibrating diaphragm has good transient characteristic, excellent resolving power and extremely excellent expressive force for centering and high-frequency signals, can capture extremely fine changes in music signals, and has natural sound and telepresence.

Disadvantages of electrostatic loudspeakers: the high-voltage direct-current loudspeaker needs polarization voltage which is generally 2500-3500V and is provided by a high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the high-voltage direct-current power supply is large in size and generally larger than 12cm multiplied by 8cm multiplied by 2cm, so that the electrostatic loudspeaker cannot be used in mobile portable equipment.

The technical scheme of the invention can overcome the defect of high-voltage direct-current power supply of the electrostatic loudspeaker.

The invention content is as follows:

in order to overcome the defect that an electrostatic loudspeaker in the prior art has a high-voltage direct-current power supply, the invention provides a net charge generating device to replace the high-voltage direct-current power supply, and simultaneously provides an important component in the net charge generating device: an electron generator; in order to facilitate the application of the net charge generating device, the invention also provides a diaphragm for an electrostatic loudspeaker.

The invention provides a vibrating diaphragm for an electrostatic loudspeaker, which is numbered as (903), and is shown in fig. 9: in the middle is an insulating material layer, on both sides of which a thin layer (about a few microns) of a high-impedance conductive material and a thin layer (about a few microns) of a low-impedance conductive material are applied, respectively, the sheet resistance of said high-impedance conductive material being at 10⁶～10¹²Omega, the surface resistance of the low-impedance conductive material is 0-10⁶For convenience of description, the surface coated with the high-resistance conductive material is referred to as a first conductive layer, and the surface coated with the low-resistance conductive material is referred to as a second conductive layer.

The invention provides an electron generator, which is numbered as (803), as shown in FIG. 7, and comprises: a first light emitting element (2), a convex lens (3), a transparent first anode (1) having conductivity, a first cathode (5) having conductivity, a first auxiliary electrode (6) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing case (7); the first anode (1) is made by depositing a thin transparent conductive film (about a few tenths of a millimeter) on the surface of the convex lens (3) on the side opposite to the first cathode (5); a thin (about several microns thick) photocathode material layer (4) is coated on the concave surface of the first cathode (5) opposite to the first anode (1), and a gap for moving electrons is formed between the first anode (1) and the first cathode (5); when light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) is converged by the convex lens (3) and penetrates through the first anode (1) to irradiate the photocathode material layer (4), photoelectrons escape from the photocathode material layer (4) due to photoelectric effect, the escaped photoelectrons drift to the first anode (1) across the gap, in order to enhance the working effect of the electron generator (803), the electron generator (803) is further provided with the first auxiliary electrode (6), when the electron generator (803) needs to emit electrons, a forward auxiliary voltage is applied between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) to promote the generated photoelectrons to smoothly move to the first anode (1), and when the electron generator (803) does not need to emit electrons (standby mode), a reverse cutoff voltage is applied between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) to prevent the generated photoelectrons from smoothly moving to the first anode (1) And preventing the photocathode material layer (4) from escaping photoelectrons.

The net charge generating device of the present invention is numbered (J001), and as shown in fig. 8, includes: an electron generator (803), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801) and a light source controller (804); the control signal outputs (denoted by a, b in fig. 8) of the voltage comparator (802) are simultaneously connected with the signal inputs (denoted by a in fig. 8) of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801)₁、b₁Represents), the voltage output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power interface of the first light-emitting component (2), the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can provide a constant voltage in a forward direction and a reverse direction (only a few volts is needed), a terminal is led out from the first cathode (5) of the electron generator (803) by a lead wire to be used as the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (J001), and a terminal is led out from the voltage comparator (802) by a lead wire to be used as the potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (J001); when the voltage comparator (802) obtains potential information from the potential detection signal input end (121), a trigger signal (i.e. a control signal) is sent out and simultaneously transmitted to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the first light-emitting component (2) to emit light or stop emitting light according to the received trigger signal,the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage or a reverse cutoff voltage according to the received trigger signal and applies the forward auxiliary voltage or the reverse cutoff voltage between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6); in fig. 8, a power supply (805) provides appropriate operating voltages to the light source controller (804), auxiliary voltage generator (801), and voltage comparator (802).

A circuit for providing electrostatic charge to a diaphragm (903) of an electrostatic speaker using the net charge generating device (J001) of the present invention is shown in fig. 9, and includes: a net charge generating device (J001), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a vibrating diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (J001) is electrically connected with the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903), and the potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (J001) is electrically connected with the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903); an input audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then is added to the two fixed polar plates (103); if the voltage comparator (802) detects that the static electricity quantity of the diaphragm (903) is reduced below a preset normal working electricity quantity range (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value) through the potential detection signal input end (121), the voltage comparator (802) sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the first light-emitting component (2) to emit light according to the received control signal, at the same time, the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a positive auxiliary voltage according to the received control signal and applies the positive auxiliary voltage between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6), the electron generator (803) starts to operate and emits electrons, the first cathode (5) is positively charged due to the escaping electrons, the positive charge is conveyed to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker through the charge output end (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804) to control the electron generator (803) to enter a standby state (i.e. no electron is required to be emitted, and the standby state is achieved), and the process of supplementing the static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished.

In the prior art, a high-voltage direct-current power supply is used for supplying static charges to a vibrating diaphragm of an electrostatic loudspeaker, the size of the vibrating diaphragm is generally more than 12cm multiplied by 8cm multiplied by 2cm, and 2800V-5000V direct-current voltage is generated. Such a large size limits the use of the electrostatic speaker and prevents it from being used in a mobile portable device. Compared with the prior art, the net charge generating device provided by the invention has simple structure and smaller volume, and the net charge generating device (J001) shown in figure 8 is an example of an electrostatic loudspeaker with a fixed power supply (AC 220V commercial power supply), wherein the electron generator (803) can be 3cm³～5cm³And the electrostatic voltage can easily reach more than 10000V.

Under the condition of a fixed power supply (AC 220V commercial power supply), the size of the net charge generating device provided by the invention is reduced to the original size compared with a high-voltage DC power supply adopted by the electrostatic loudspeaker in the prior art

Under the condition that the size of the device does not need to be changed, the electrostatic voltage can be easily increased, and the voltage can be easily increased to be more than 10000V, but the advantage is not particularly obvious, because the disadvantage that the high-voltage direct-current power supply is adopted in the prior art is not obvious, the volume of the electrostatic loudspeaker is large, and enough space can be reserved for the high-voltage direct-current power supply. However, in the mobile portable device, the high voltage dc power supply adopted in the electrostatic speaker in the prior art obviously cannot meet the requirement, and at this time, the advantage of the net charge generating device provided by the present invention is more prominent.

In the mobile portable device, since the required power is relatively small, the shape, size and performance parameters of each element in the electron generator (803) shown in fig. 7 can be further optimized to meet the requirements of the mobile portable device for small size, light weight and thin weight. Wherein the first light emitting element (2), the first anode (1), the first cathode (5) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) in the electron generator (803) are all designed to be thin plate-shaped and the convex lens (3) in the electron generator (803) is omitted, forming two kinds of electron generators suitable for mobile portable devices as shown in fig. 16 and 21.

As shown in fig. 16, the electron generator provided by the present invention is numbered (1702) and includes: a second light-emitting member (12), a second anode (13) having conductivity and transparency, a second cathode (11) having conductivity, a second auxiliary electrode (15) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing case (7); the second light emitting component (12), the second anode (13), the second cathode (11) and the second auxiliary electrode (15) are all made into a thin plate shape (about a few tenths of millimeters thick) to meet the requirements of mobile portable equipment on miniaturization and lightness, a photoelectric cathode material layer (4) is arranged on one surface of the second cathode (11) close to the second anode (13), and the working process of the electronic generator (1702) refers to a net charge generating device (YJ001) described below.

The net charge generating device of the present invention is numbered (YJ001), and as shown in fig. 17, includes: an electron generator (1702), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801) and a light source controller (804); the control signal outputs (denoted by a, b in fig. 17) of the voltage comparator (802) are simultaneously connected with the signal inputs (denoted by a in fig. 17) of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801)₁、b₁Representing), the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can provide a constant voltage in the forward and reverse directions (only a few volts); the light emitted by the second light-emitting component (12) is transmitted through the second anode (13) to irradiate the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) on the surface of the second cathode (11), meanwhile, a forward auxiliary voltage is applied between the second anode (13) and the second auxiliary electrode (15), the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) escapes photoelectrons due to photoelectric effect, and the escaped photoelectrons rapidly drift to the second anode (13) under the action of an electric field generated by the forward auxiliary voltage; when the electron generator (1702) is in standby, the second light emitting member (12) does not emit light and a reverse blocking voltage is applied between the second anode (13) and the second auxiliary electrode (15) to prevent the photocathode material layer (4) from escaping electrons.

A circuit for providing electrostatic charge to a diaphragm (903) of an electrostatic speaker using a net charge generating device (YJ001) according to the present invention is shown in fig. 18, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ001), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a vibrating diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ001) is electrically connected with the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903), and the potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ001) is electrically connected with the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903); an input audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then is added to the two fixed polar plates (103). If the voltage comparator (802) detects that the static electricity quantity of the diaphragm (903) is reduced below a preset normal working electricity quantity range (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value) through the potential detection signal input end (121), the voltage comparator (802) sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the first light-emitting component (2) to emit light according to the received control signal, while the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a positive auxiliary voltage between the second anode (13) and the second auxiliary electrode (15) according to the received control signal, the electron generator (1702) starts to operate and emits electrons, the second cathode (11) is positively charged due to the escaping electrons, the positive charge is conveyed to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker through the charge output end (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804) to control the electron generator (803) to enter a standby state (i.e. no electron is required to be emitted, and the standby state is achieved), and the process of supplementing the static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished.

As shown in fig. 21, another electronic generator for use in a mobile portable device is provided by the present invention, which is numbered (2201), and comprises: a second light-emitting component (12), a transparent insulating material layer (18), a fourth cathode (16) with conductivity and transparency, a fifth anode (17) with conductivity and an insulating sealing shell (7); the fourth cathode (16) and the fifth anode (17) are also made into a thin plate shape (about a few tenths of millimeters) to meet the requirements of mobile portable devices for miniaturization and light weight, the fourth cathode (16) is provided with a photocathode material (4) on one surface close to the fifth anode (17), and the working process of the electron generator (2201) is referred to the net charge generating device (YJ003) described below.

The net charge generating device of the present invention is numbered (YJ003), and as shown in fig. 22, includes: the device comprises an electronic generator (2201), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801), a capacitor (1203) and a light source controller (804); the control signal outputs (denoted by a, b in fig. 22) of the voltage comparator (802) are simultaneously connected with the signal inputs (denoted by a in fig. 22) of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801)₁、b₁Showing) are electrically connected, the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can provide a constant voltage in the forward and reverse directions (only a few volts), and the voltage output by the auxiliary voltage generator is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) of the electronic generator (2201); one terminal is led out from a fourth cathode (16) of the electronic generator (2201) by a lead wire to be used as a charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ003), and one terminal is led out from a voltage comparator (802) by a lead wire to be used as a potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ 003); the light emitted by the second light emitting component (12) is transmitted through the transparent insulating material layer (18) and the fourth cathode (16) to irradiate the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) on the surface of the fourth cathode (16), meanwhile, a positive auxiliary voltage is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16), the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) escapes photoelectrons due to a photoelectric effect, and the escaped photoelectrons smoothly drift to the fifth anode (17) under the action of an electric field generated by the positive auxiliary voltage; when the electron generator (2201) is in standby, the second light emitting member (12) does not emit light and a reverse blocking voltage is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) to prevent the photocathode material layer (4) from escaping electrons.

A circuit for supplying electrostatic charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker using a net charge generating device (YJ003) according to the present invention is shown in fig. 23, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ003), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); a charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ003) is electrically connected with a first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903), a potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ003) is electrically connected with a second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903), and an input audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then is added to the fixed polar plate (103); if the voltage comparator (802) detects that the static electricity quantity of the diaphragm (903) is reduced below a preset normal working electricity quantity range (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value) through the potential detection signal input end (121), the voltage comparator (802) sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting part (12) to emit light according to the received control signal, while the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a positive auxiliary voltage according to the received control signal and applies the positive auxiliary voltage between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16), the electron generator (2201) starts to work and emits electrons, the fourth cathode (16) is positively charged due to the escaping electrons, the positive charge is conveyed to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker through the charge output end (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804) to control the electron generator (2201) to enter a standby state (namely, the electron does not need to be emitted, and the device is in a standby state), so that the process of supplementing the static electricity quantity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished.

The voltage comparator (802), the auxiliary voltage controller (801) and the light source controller (804) in the net charge generating device (YJ001) and the net charge generating device (YJ003) all have a few volts of working voltage, so the voltage comparator (802), the auxiliary voltage controller (801), the light source controller (804) and the like can be integrated on a chip with a size of about 12mm × 12mm × 3.5mm by adopting an integrated circuit process, and the size of the net charge generating device (YJ001) and the size of the net charge generating device (YJ003) can be small enough to meet the requirements of miniaturization and light weight of the electrostatic speaker of a mobile portable device because the electronic generator (1702) shown in fig. 16 and the electronic generator (2201) shown in fig. 21 can also have the size of about 15mm × 15mm × 3.5 mm; the size of the high voltage dc voltage used in the prior art electrostatic speaker is generally over 12cm × 8cm × 2cm, so that the prior art electrostatic speaker cannot be used in a mobile portable device.

The foregoing are several basic embodiments and applications of the electron generator and net charge generator devices provided by the present invention, other embodiments being detailed in the examples section of this specification; the electron generator and net charge generator device provided by the invention can be used not only in an electrostatic loudspeaker, but also in any other occasions requiring net charges.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art electrostatic speaker;

FIGS. 2 and 3 are structural views of a first cathode ⑤ in an electron generator (803) provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a structural view of a first cathode (5) having a first photocathode material layer (4) coated on the surface thereof in an electron generator (803);

fig. 5 is a front view of the first luminescent device (2);

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the electron generator (803) provided in the present invention [ the insulating and sealing case (7) is not shown ];

FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of the electron generator (803) provided in the present invention, seen from the side, which is also a schematic view of embodiment 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (J001) according to the present invention, which is also a schematic view of embodiment 2;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of example 3;

fig. 10 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (J002) provided by the present invention, which is also a schematic view of embodiment 4 and embodiment 5;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of example 6;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (J003) provided by the present invention, which is also a schematic view of embodiment 7 and embodiment 8;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of example 9;

fig. 14 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (J004) provided by the present invention, which is also a schematic view of embodiment 10 and embodiment 11;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of example 12;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of an electron generator (1702) according to the present invention, which is also a schematic view of embodiment 13;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (YJ001) according to the present invention, which is also a schematic view of example 14;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of example 15;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (YJ002) provided by the present invention, which is also a schematic view of example 16;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of example 17;

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of the electron generator (2201) provided in the present invention, seen from the side, which is also a schematic view of embodiment 18;

fig. 22 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (YJ003) according to the present invention, which is also a schematic view of example 19;

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of embodiment 20;

FIG. 24 is a schematic view of a net charge generating device (YJ004) provided by the present invention, which is also a schematic view of example 21;

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of example 22;

names and functions of the elements in the drawings:

audio transformer (101): boosting the audio signal;

a diaphragm (102): in the prior art, a diaphragm of an electrostatic loudspeaker is made by evaporating a thin layer (about several microns thick) of high-impedance conductive material on a thin (only several microns thick) and light (only equivalent to the mass of air with the same area and the thickness of several millimeters);

fixed pole plate (103): the audio signal is amplified by 200 to 300 times through an audio transformer (101) and then is added to the fixed polar plate;

high voltage direct current power supply (104): generating direct current high voltage, and injecting static charge into the diaphragm (102);

a diaphragm (903): in the vibrating diaphragm provided by the technical scheme of the invention, the insulating layer is arranged in the middle, one surface of the insulating layer is coated with a thin layer (about several microns thick) of high-impedance material, and the surface resistance of the high-impedance material is 10⁶～10¹²Between omega, marking as a first conducting layer; coating a thin layer (about several microns thick) of low-impedance material on the other surface of the insulating layer, wherein the surface resistance of the low-impedance material is 0-10⁶Between omega, marking as a second conducting layer;

power supply (805): providing proper working voltage for active devices such as an auxiliary voltage generator (801), a voltage comparator (802), a light source controller (804) and the like;

electron generator (803): the LED lamp is composed of a first luminous component (2), a convex lens (3), a first anode (1), a first cathode (5), a first auxiliary electrode (6) and an insulating sealing shell (7); indicated by the dotted line, the inside of the vacuum chamber is evacuated (degree of vacuum is about 10)^-2Pa)；

First anode (1): one side of the optical convex lens is covered with a layer of transparent conductive film, and the transparent conductive film is opposite to the first photoelectric cathode material layer (4);

first cathode (5): the anode is a disc-shaped conductor with the middle thinner than the edge and the central areas of two side surfaces both concave, the surface is a smooth curved surface, and a first thin (about several microns thick) photocathode material layer (4) is coated on the concave surface at the side opposite to the first anode (1);

the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) can be made of gallium arsenide GaAs, cesium antimonide CsSb or multi-alkali antimonide antimony potassium sodium cesium NaKSbCs and the like, and a thin layer (with the thickness of about a few micrometers) of the photoelectric cathode material is covered on the concave surface of the cathode ⑤ close to the anode ① by methods of vacuum evaporation, sputtering or crystal epitaxial growth and the like;

first light emitting component (2): the luminescence may cause the first cathode (5) to generate photoelectrons;

convex lens (3): converging light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) and irradiating the converged light to the area where the photocathode material layer (4) is located;

first auxiliary electrode (6): is arranged opposite to the first anode (1), is separated from the first cathode (5) and is electrically insulated from the first cathode (5), is made into a curved surface, and the convex surface faces the first anode (1);

insulating and sealing housing (7): made of insulating material, has sufficient mechanical strength;

auxiliary voltage generator (801): the active device can generate forward voltage and reverse cut-off voltage (only a few volts), and the working state of the active device is controlled by a trigger signal sent by a voltage comparator (802); generating forward voltage when in work, enabling the photoelectrons generated by the electron generator (803) to move to the first anode (1), and generating reverse voltage when waiting (namely in a default state) to prevent the photocathode material layer (4) from escaping electrons;

voltage comparator (802): if the static electricity quantity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is in a normal range, the voltage comparator (802) is in a standby state, and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) is in a standby state at the moment to generate reverse cut-off voltage; if the static electricity quantity of the first conductive material layer of the diaphragm (903) is lower than the set minimum value due to electric leakage (such as air humidity, ionization and the like), the voltage comparator (802) outputs a trigger signal and simultaneously transmits the trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), at the moment, the auxiliary voltage generator (801) is triggered to generate a forward voltage, the first light-emitting component (2) emits light, and the electron generator [ (803) ] emits electrons, so that the static electricity quantity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased;

light source controller (804): the active device is controlled by a trigger signal sent by a voltage comparator (802) in the working state, and controls the first light-emitting component (2) to emit light or extinguish;

electron generator (1202): as shown in fig. 12, the anode comprises a second cathode (8), a second anode (19) and an insulating sealed case (7), and is indicated by a portion enclosed by a dotted line, and the inside of the insulating sealed case (7) isVacuum pumping is carried out (the vacuum degree is about 10)^- ²Pa)；

Second cathode (8): the metal with higher melting point is made into a tip shape by a special process, and generally, the metal is tungsten or lanthanum hexaboride (LaB)₆) Thermionic emission or field electron emission is used;

second anode (19): is made of a plate conductor;

electron generator (1401): as shown in fig. 14, the anode comprises a second cathode (8), a third anode (9), a second auxiliary electrode (10), and an insulating sealed case (7), and is indicated by a portion enclosed by a dotted line, and the inside of the insulating sealed case (7) is evacuated (the degree of vacuum is about 10)^-2Pa)；

Third anode (9): the conductor is thinner in the middle than the edge and has a smooth curved surface;

second light-emitting component (12): in order to meet the requirements of mobile portable equipment, the second light-emitting component (12) is made into a thin (about 0.3mm to 1 mm) plate-shaped light source;

fourth anode (13): to meet the requirements of mobile portable devices, said fourth anode (13) is made in the form of a thin plate (of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter), said fourth anode (13) being made by depositing a thin transparent conductive film (of the order of a few microns to a few tenths of a millimeter) on a thin transparent material (of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter);

third cathode (11): to adapt to the requirements of mobile portable devices, said third cathode (11) is made in the form of a thin plate (of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter) made by depositing a thin layer (of the order of a few microns thick) of photocathode material (4) on a thin (of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter) plate-shaped conductor;

second auxiliary electrode

: to adapt to the requirements of the mobile portable device, the second auxiliary electrode is used

Is made into a thin (about a few tenths of millimeters) plate shape;

transparent insulating material layer

: as transparent conductive cathode

A substrate of (a);

the specific implementation mode is as follows:

the following describes the implementation of the technical solution of the present invention with specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

example 1: the invention provides an electron generator, which is numbered as (803), as shown in FIG. 7, and comprises: a first light emitting element (2), a convex lens (3), a transparent first anode (1) having conductivity, a first cathode (5) having conductivity, a first auxiliary electrode (6) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing case (7); the first anode (1) is made by depositing a thin transparent conductive film (about a few tenths of a millimeter) on the surface of the convex lens (3) on the side opposite to the first cathode (5); the first cathode (5) is a disc-shaped conductor with the middle thinner than the edge and the central areas of two side surfaces both concave, the surface of the first cathode (5) is a smooth curved surface, and the concave surface of one side of the first cathode (5) opposite to the first anode (1) is covered with a thinner (about several microns thick) photoelectric cathode material layer (4); the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) can adopt polybase antimonide such as: cesium antimonide (CsSb) or cesium sodium potassium antimonide (CsNaKSb), wherein a gap (about a few tenths of millimeters to a few millimeters, between about 0.1 mm and 4 mm) for moving electrons is formed between the first anode (1) and the photoelectric cathode material layer (4); the first auxiliary electrode (6) is made into a convex curved surface structure, one convex surface of the first auxiliary electrode is opposite to one convex surface of the first anode (1) and is separated on two sides of the first cathode (5), and the first auxiliary electrode (6) and the first cathode (5) are electrically insulated; the first light-emitting component (2) is made of a common light-emitting diode, and the position of the first light-emitting component is arranged near the outer side of the focus of the convex lens (3), so that light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) is converged by the convex lens (3) and penetrates through the first anode (1), and then light spots of the light just cover the area where the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) is located; the first light emitting component (2) described above, theThe convex lens (3), the first anode (1), the first cathode (5) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) are all fixed in an insulating sealed shell (7), and the inside of the insulating sealed shell (7) is vacuumized (the vacuum degree is about 10)^-2Pa), FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the electron generator (803) [ FIG. 6 does not show the insulating and sealing case (7)]。

Alternative to the electron generator (803) in example 1 one: the first light-emitting component (2) is arranged outside the insulating sealing shell (7), and meanwhile a transparent light window is arranged at a corresponding position of the insulating sealing shell (7), so that light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) penetrates through the transparent light window, the convex lens (3) and the first anode (1) and then irradiates the photocathode material layer (4).

Alternative two of the electron generator (803) in example 1: the convex lens (3) in the electron generator (803) in example 1 was removed while the first luminescent member (2) was replaced with a surface light source and abutted against the first anode (1).

Example 2: a net charge generator according to the present invention is characterized by being as follows, as shown in FIG. 8, and comprising: an electron generator (803), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801) and a light source controller (804); the control signal outputs (denoted by a, b in fig. 8) of the voltage comparator (802) are simultaneously connected with the signal inputs (denoted by a in fig. 8) of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801)₁、b₁Represents), the voltage output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power interface of the first light-emitting component (2), the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can provide a constant voltage in a forward direction and a reverse direction (only a few volts), and the voltage output by the auxiliary voltage generator is applied between the first anode (1) of the electron generator (803) and the first auxiliary electrode (6); a terminal is led out from a first cathode (5) of the electron generator (803) by a lead wire to be used as an electric charge output end (120) of the net electric charge generating device (J001), and a terminal is led out from the voltage comparator (802) by a lead wire to be used as a potential detection signal input end (121) of the net electric charge generating device (J001); the light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) passes through the convex lens (3)After converging and penetrating through the first anode (1), light spots of the light rays just cover the area where the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) is located, photoelectrons escape from the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) due to the photoelectric effect, meanwhile, a forward auxiliary voltage is applied between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6), and an electric field formed by the voltage can promote the photoelectrons to smoothly move to the first anode (1); in fig. 8, a power supply (805) provides appropriate operating voltages to the light source controller (804), auxiliary voltage generator (801), and voltage comparator (802).

Example 3: a circuit for supplying electrostatic charge to a diaphragm (903) of an electrostatic speaker using the net charge generating device (J001) described in embodiment 2 is shown in fig. 9; the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (J001) is electrically connected with the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903), and the potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (J001) is electrically connected with the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903). The working process is as follows: as shown in fig. 9, if the static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced below the preset normal operating electric quantity range, the static electricity on the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced correspondingly due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity through the electric potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset electric potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the first light-emitting component (2) to emit light according to the received control signal, and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage according to the received control signal and applies the forward auxiliary voltage between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6), the electron generator (803) starts to work and emits electrons, the first cathode (5) is charged with positive charges due to the escaping electrons, and the positive charges are conveyed to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker through the charge output end (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804) to control the electron generator (803) to enter a standby state (namely, no electron is required to be emitted, and the state is in a standby state), so that the process of supplementing static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished; if the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced again due to electric leakage caused by some reason (such as air humidity, ionization and the like), the static electricity of the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity again through the potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) next time starts until the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electric quantity range again, and the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) is ended again; the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment is positively electrostatically charged.

From the working process, the process of supplementing the diaphragm (903) with the static charge is discontinuous, the net charge generating device (J001) starts to work only when the static charge on the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced to a set threshold value, otherwise, the net charge generating device is in a standby state, so that the diaphragm (903) can be supplemented with the required static charge in a proper time manner, and the static charge of the diaphragm (903) can be kept relatively stable.

Example 4: the invention provides an electron generator, which is numbered as (1003), and comprises a part enclosed by a broken line in figure 10: a first light emitting member (2), a convex lens (3), a first anode (1) having conductivity and transparency, a first cathode (5) having conductivity, and an insulating sealed case (7); the first anode (1) is made by depositing a thin transparent conductive film (about a few tenths of a millimeter) on the surface of the convex lens (3) on the side close to the first cathode (5), and the first anode (1) is grounded; the first cathode (5) is a disc-shaped conductor with the middle thinner than the edge and the central areas of two side surfaces both concave, the surface of the first cathode (5) is a smooth curved surface, and the first cathode (5) is close to the first anode (1)The lateral concave surface is covered with a thin (about several microns thick) layer of photocathode material (4); the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) can adopt polybase antimonide such as: cesium antimonide (CsSb) or cesium sodium potassium antimonide (CsNaKSb), and the like, wherein a gap (about a few tenths of millimeters to a few millimeters, generally between 0.1 mm and 4 mm) for moving electrons is formed between the first anode (1) and the photoelectric cathode material layer (4); the first light-emitting component (2), the convex lens (3), the first anode (1) and the first cathode (5) are all fixed in the insulating sealed shell (7), and the inside of the insulating sealed shell (7) is vacuumized (the vacuum degree is about 10)^-2Pa) for emitting photoelectrons by the photocathode material layer (4) due to a photoelectric effect when the light emitted from the first light emitting element (2) is irradiated onto the photocathode material layer (4) through the convex lens (3) and the first anode (1), the emitted photoelectrons moving to the first anode (1) through the gap.

Example 5: the net charge generating device of the present invention is numbered (J002), and as shown in fig. 10, includes: the device comprises an electronic generator (1003), a voltage comparator (802) and a light source controller (804); the signal output terminals (denoted by a and b in FIG. 10) of the voltage comparator (802) and the signal input terminal (denoted by a in FIG. 10) of the light source controller (804)₁、b₁And (b) shows) are electrically connected, the output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power interface of the first light-emitting component (2), a terminal is led out from the first cathode (5) of the electronic generator (1003) by a wire to be used as a net charge output end (120), a terminal is led out from the voltage comparator (802) by a wire to be used as a potential detection signal input end (121), and the power source (805) in fig. 10 provides proper working voltage for the voltage comparator (802) and the light source controller (804).

In the embodiment, the photoelectric effect is utilized to enable the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) on the first cathode (5) to emit electrons, and the convex lens (3) can enable the light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) to be converged and irradiated on the photoelectric cathode material layer (4), so that the electric energy is saved, the light is prevented from being irradiated on an unnecessary part, and the working temperature of the whole electron generator (1003) is reduced; the voltage comparator (802) is configured to detect potential information input by the potential detection signal input end (121), and control the light source controller (804) to operate or stand by according to a detection result, and the light source controller (804) controls the first light emitting component (2) to emit light or stop emitting light according to a received control signal (i.e., a trigger signal emitted by the voltage comparator (802)).

Example 6: the net charge generating device (J002) according to embodiment 5 can be used to provide electrostatic charge to the diaphragm (903) of an electrostatic speaker, as shown in fig. 11, and includes: a net charge generating device (J002), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a vibrating diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device is electrically connected with the first conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), the potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device is electrically connected with the second conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), and an audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then added to the fixed polar plate (103). The working process is as follows: referring to fig. 11, if the static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced to below the predetermined normal operating electric quantity range, due to induction, the static electricity quantity on the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is correspondingly reduced, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity through the electric potential detection signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset electric potential value), the voltage comparator (802) then sends a trigger signal to the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the first light-emitting component (2) to emit light according to the received control signal, the electron generator (803) starts to operate and emits electrons, the first cathode (5) is positively charged due to the escaping electrons, the positive charge is conveyed to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker through the charge output end (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the light source controller (804) to control the electron generator (803) to enter a standby state (i.e. no electron is required to be emitted, and the light source controller is in a standby state), so that the process of supplementing the static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished; if the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903) is reduced again due to electric leakage caused by some reason (such as air humidity, ionization and the like), the static electricity of the second conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903) is reduced due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity again through the potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the light source controller (804), the process of supplementing the vibrating diaphragm (903) with electric charge next time is started until the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased again to a preset normal working electric quantity range, and the process of supplementing the vibrating diaphragm (903) with electric charge is ended again; the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment is positively electrostatically charged.

Example 7: the present invention also provides an electron generator, numbered 1202, as shown by the dashed box in FIG. 12, comprising: a second cathode (8) having conductivity, a second anode (19) having conductivity, and an insulating sealed case (7); the second cathode (8) is made of high-melting-point metal and has a tip-shaped structure, and a small gap (about a few tenths of millimeters) is reserved between the tip part of the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19); the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19) are fixed in the insulating sealed shell (7), and the inside of the insulating sealed shell (7) is vacuumized (the vacuum degree is about 10)^-2Pa) that, when a voltage (about 1000V) is applied between the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19), the tip of the second cathode (8) can emit electrons, which reach the second anode (19) across the gap.

The alternative scheme of the embodiment is as follows: the second cathode (8) in fig. 12 may also use thermionic emission or a mode of electron emission in which both field electron emission and thermionic emission are present.

The alternative scheme of the embodiment is as follows: the second cathode (8) in fig. 12 may be formed into a tip array consisting of a plurality of tips, or may be formed into a blade shape.

Example 8: the present invention also provides a net charge generating device, numbered (J003), as shown in fig. 12, comprising: an electron generator (1202), a voltage comparator (802),A pulse voltage generator (1202) and a capacitor (1203); signal outputs (denoted by a and b in fig. 12) of the voltage comparator (802) and signal inputs (denoted by a in fig. 12) of the pulse voltage generator (1201)₁、b₁Representing), a pulse voltage (peak value about 1000V) output by the pulse voltage generator (1201) is added between the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19) through the capacitor (1203), the pulse voltage generator (1201) can output a forward pulse voltage (peak value about 1000V) and a reverse cut-off voltage (about several volts to tens of volts); a terminal is led out from the second anode (19) of the electronic generator (1202) as a net charge output terminal (120), a terminal is led out from the voltage comparator (802) as a potential detection signal input terminal (121), and a power supply (805) in fig. 12 provides proper working voltage for the voltage comparator (802) and the pulse voltage generator (1201).

Example 9: a circuit for supplying electrostatic charge to a diaphragm (903) of an electrostatic speaker using the net charge generating device (J003) according to embodiment 8 is shown in fig. 13, and includes: a net charge generating device (J003), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a vibrating diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (J003) is electrically connected with the first conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), the potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (J003) is electrically connected with the second conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), and an audio signal is amplified by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then is added to the fixed polar plate (103). The working process is as follows: referring to fig. 13, if the static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced to below the predetermined normal operating electric quantity range, due to induction, the static electricity quantity on the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is correspondingly reduced, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity through the electric potential detection signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset electric potential value), the voltage comparator (802) then sends a trigger signal to the pulsed voltage generator (1201), the pulse voltage generator (1201) sends out a positive pulse voltage according to the received control signal and applies the positive pulse voltage between the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19), the electron generator (1202) starts to operate and emits electrons, the second anode (19) is charged with negative charges due to the obtained electrons, the negative charge is conveyed to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker via the charge output (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the pulse voltage generator (1201), the pulse voltage generator (1201) generates a reverse cut-off voltage according to the received control signal and adds the reverse cut-off voltage between the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19), the electron generator (1202) enters a standby state (namely does not need to emit electrons and is in a waiting state), and the process of supplementing static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished; if the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced again due to electric leakage caused by some reason (such as air humidity, ionization and the like), the static electricity of the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity again through the potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the pulse voltage generator (1201), the next process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) is started until the static electricity on the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electric quantity range again, and the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) is ended again; in this embodiment, the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker is negatively electrostatically charged.

Example 10: the present invention also provides an electron generator, which is numbered (1401), and a part indicated by (1401) in fig. 14, comprising: a second cathode (8) having conductivity, a third anode (9) having conductivity, a first auxiliary electrode (6) having conductivity, and an insulating sealed case (7); the second cathode (8) is made of high melting point metal and has a tip-shaped structure, the third anode (9) is a conductor which is thinner in the middle than the edge and has a smooth curved surface, a gap (about a few tenths of millimeters) for moving electrons is formed between the tip part of the second cathode (8) and the third anode (9), and the first auxiliary electrode(s) ((6) One side close to the third anode (9) is made into a convex structure, the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) are respectively positioned at two sides of the third anode (9), the first auxiliary electrode (6) and the third anode (9) are electrically insulated, the second cathode (8), the first auxiliary electrode (6) and the third anode (9) are all fixed in the insulating sealed shell (7), and the inside of the insulating sealed shell (7) is vacuumized (the vacuum degree is about 10 degrees)^-2Pa)。

In this example, electrons are emitted from the tip of the second cathode (8) by a strong electric field, and when the distance between the tip of the second cathode (8) and the third anode (9) is 0.5mm or less, the degree of vacuum inside the insulating sealed case (7) reaches about 10^- ²When the voltage is applied between the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) at the time of Pa, about 1000V (the specific voltage is related to the distance between the electrodes and the vacuum degree in the insulating sealed shell ⑦) can enable the tip of the second cathode (8) to emit electrons, and the emitted electrons cross the gap to reach the third anode (9).

The alternative scheme of the embodiment is as follows: the second cathode (8) in fig. 14 may also employ thermionic emission or a mode of electron emission in which both field electron emission and thermionic emission are present.

Example 11: the present invention also provides a net charge generating device, numbered (J004), as shown in fig. 14, comprising: an electron generator (1401), a voltage comparator (802) and a pulse voltage generator (1201); signal outputs (denoted by a and b in fig. 14) of the voltage comparator (802) and signal inputs (denoted by a in fig. 14) of the pulse voltage generator (1201)₁、b₁Representing), the pulse voltage generator (1201) outputs a pulse voltage to be applied between the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6), and the pulse voltage generator (1201) outputs a pulse voltage having a peak value of about 1000 volts and a reverse cut-off voltage (about several volts to tens of volts); one terminal is led out from the third anode (9) of the electronic generator (1401) by a lead wire to be used as a net charge output end (120), one terminal is led out from the voltage comparator (802) by a lead wire to be used as a potential detection signal input end (121), and the power supply (805) is shown in figure 14The voltage comparator (802) and the pulse voltage generator (1201) provide appropriate operating voltages.

Example 12: a circuit for supplying electrostatic charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker using the net charge generating device (J004) described in embodiment 11 is shown in fig. 15, and includes: a net charge generating device (J004), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a vibrating diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (J004) is electrically connected with the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903), the potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (J004) is electrically connected with the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903), and an audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then added to the fixed polar plate (103). The working process is as follows: referring to fig. 15, if the static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced to below the predetermined normal operating electric quantity range, due to induction, the static electricity quantity on the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is correspondingly reduced, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity through the electric potential detection signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset electric potential value), the voltage comparator (802) then sends a trigger signal to the pulsed voltage generator (1201), the pulse voltage generator (1201) sends out a positive pulse voltage according to the received control signal and applies the positive pulse voltage between the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6), the electron generator (1401) starts to operate and emits electrons, the third anode (9) is charged with negative charges due to the obtained electrons, the negative charge is conveyed to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker via the charge output (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives potential information transmitted by the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the pulse voltage generator (1201), the pulse voltage generator (1201) sends a reverse cut-off voltage according to a received control signal and adds the reverse cut-off voltage between the second cathode (8) and the third anode (9), the electron generator (1401) enters a standby state (namely does not need to emit electrons and is in a standby state), and the process of supplementing static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished; if the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced again due to electric leakage caused by some reason (such as air humidity, ionization and the like), the static electricity of the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity again through the potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the pulse voltage generator (1201), the next process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) is started until the static electricity on the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electric quantity range again, and the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) is ended again; in this embodiment, the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker is negatively electrostatically charged.

The electron generator, the net charge generating device or the electrostatic speaker according to embodiments 1 to 12 of the present invention are suitable for use in a fixed power supply (220V commercial ac power supply), and the electron generator, the net charge generating device or the electrostatic speaker according to embodiments 13 to 22 described below are suitable for use in a mobile portable device.

Example 13: the present invention provides an electron generator, which is numbered (1702), as shown in fig. 16, and comprises: a second light-emitting member (12), a transparent fourth anode (13) having conductivity, a third cathode (11) having conductivity, a second auxiliary electrode (15) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing case (7); the second light emitting member (12) is formed in a thin plate shape (about a few tenths of millimeters), the fourth anode (13) is formed by depositing a thin transparent conductive film (about a few tenths of millimeters) on the surface of a thin transparent insulating material (about a few tenths of millimeters), the third cathode (11) is formed by depositing a thin photocathode material layer (4) having a thickness of about a few micrometers on the surface of a thin plate-shaped conductor (about a few tenths of millimeters), a gap (about a few tenths of millimeters) for moving electrons is formed between the fourth anode (13) and the photocathode material layer (4), the second auxiliary electrode (15) is formed by a thin plate-shaped conductor (about a few tenths of millimeters), and the second light emitting member (12), the fourth anode (13), the third cathode (11) and the second auxiliary electrode (15) are formed by) Are all fixed in the insulating sealed shell (7), and the inside of the insulating sealed shell (7) is vacuumized (the vacuum degree is about 10)^-2Pa) is added. The light emitted by the second light-emitting element (12) is transmitted by the fourth anode (13) to irradiate the photocathode material layer (4), the photocathode material layer (4) escapes photoelectrons due to photoelectric effect, and the escaped photoelectrons drift to the fourth anode (13) through the gap; the second light emitting component (12), the fourth anode (13), the third cathode (11) and the second auxiliary electrode (15) are made as thin as possible, and under the prior art conditions, the electronic generator (1702) shown in fig. 16 can be realized by compressing the size of the electronic generator to 15mm × 15mm × 3.5mm or less; fig. 16 is a sectional view of the electron generator (1702).

Example 14: the net charge generating device of the present invention is numbered (YJ001), and as shown in fig. 17, includes: an electron generator (1702), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801) and a light source controller (804); the control signal outputs (denoted by a, b in fig. 17) of the voltage comparator (802) are simultaneously connected with the signal inputs (denoted by a in fig. 17) of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801)₁、b₁Representing), a voltage output terminal of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with a power interface of the second light emitting component (12); the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can generate a constant voltage (only a few volts) in the forward direction and the reverse direction, and the voltage is applied between the fourth anode (13) and the second auxiliary electrode (15) of the electronic generator (1702); a terminal is led out from a third cathode (11) of the electronic generator (1702) by a lead wire to be used as an electric charge output end (120) of the net electric charge generating device (YJ001), and a terminal is led out from the voltage comparator (802) by a lead wire to be used as a potential detection signal input end (121) of the net electric charge generating device (YJ 001); the battery (1701) in fig. 17 provides the appropriate operating voltages to the light source controller (804), auxiliary voltage generator (801) and voltage comparator (802).

Example 15: a circuit for supplying electrostatic charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker using the net charge generating device (YJ001) described in embodiment 14 is shown in fig. 18, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ001), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a vibrating diaphragm (903); a charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ001) is electrically connected with a first conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), a potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ001) is electrically connected with a second conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), and an audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then is added to the fixed polar plate (103); the working process is as follows: as shown in fig. 18, if the static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced below the preset normal operating electric quantity range, the static electricity on the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced correspondingly due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity through the electric potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset electric potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting part (12) to emit light according to the received control signal, and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage according to the received control signal and applies the forward auxiliary voltage between the fourth anode (13) and the second auxiliary electrode (15), the electron generator (1702) starts to work and emits electrons, the third cathode (11) is charged with positive charges due to the escaping electrons, and the positive charges are conveyed to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker through the charge output end (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804) to control the electron generator (1702) to enter a standby state (namely, no electron is required to be emitted, and the state is in a standby state), so that the process of supplementing static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished; if the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced again due to electric leakage caused by some reason (such as air humidity, ionization and the like), the static electricity of the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity again through the potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) next time starts until the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electric quantity range again, and the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) is ended again; the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment is positively electrostatically charged.

Example 16: the second auxiliary electrode (15) in the electronic generator (1702) in fig. 17 is removed, and the fourth anode (13) is grounded, so as to form an electronic generator, as shown in fig. 19, which is numbered (1902), and a net charge generating device, as shown in fig. 19, is formed by matching the electronic generator (1902) with other components, and is numbered (YJ002), and comprises: an electronic generator (1902), a voltage comparator (802), and a light source controller (804); control signal outputs (denoted by a and b in fig. 19) of the voltage comparator (802) and a signal input (denoted by a in fig. 19) of the light source controller (804)₁、b₁Representing), a voltage output terminal of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with a power interface of the second light emitting component (12); a terminal is led out from a third cathode (11) of the electronic generator (1902) by a lead wire to be used as a charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ002), and a terminal is led out from the voltage comparator (802) by a lead wire to be used as a potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ 002); the battery (1701) in fig. 19 provides the appropriate operating voltage to the light source controller (804) and voltage comparator (802).

Alternatives for the electronic generator (1902): the second light emitting component (12) can be moved to the outside of the insulating and sealing shell (7), and meanwhile, a transparent light window is reserved at a corresponding position on the insulating and sealing shell (7), so that light emitted by the second light emitting component (12) is irradiated onto the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) through the transparent light window.

Example 17: a circuit for supplying electrostatic charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker using the net charge generating device (YJ002) described in embodiment 16 is shown in fig. 20, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ002), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a vibrating diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ002) is electrically connected with the first conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), the potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ002) is electrically connected with the second conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), and an input audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then added to the fixed polar plate (103). The working process is as follows: referring to fig. 20, if the static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced to below the predetermined normal operating electric quantity range, due to induction, the static electricity quantity on the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is correspondingly reduced, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity through the electric potential detection signal input terminal (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset electric potential value), the voltage comparator (802) then sends a trigger signal to the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting part (12) to emit light according to the received control signal, the electron generator (1902) starts to operate and emits electrons, the third cathode (11) is positively charged due to the escaping electrons, the positive charge is conveyed to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker through the charge output end (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the light source controller (804) to control the electron generator (1902) to enter a standby state (i.e. no electron is required to be emitted, and the light source controller is in a standby state), so that the process of supplementing the static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished; if the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903) is reduced again due to electric leakage caused by some reason (such as air humidity, ionization and the like), the static electricity of the second conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903) is reduced due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity again through the potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the light source controller (804), the process of supplementing the vibrating diaphragm (903) with electric charge next time is started until the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased again to a preset normal working electric quantity range, and the process of supplementing the vibrating diaphragm (903) with electric charge is ended again; the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment is positively electrostatically charged.

Example 18: the invention provides an electron generator with transmission type design, which is numbered (2201), as shown in fig. 21, and comprises: a second light-emitting component (12), a transparent insulating material layer (18), a fourth cathode (16) with conductivity and transparency, a fifth anode (17) with conductivity and an insulating sealing shell (7); the second light emitting component (12) is made into a thin plate shape (about a few tenths of millimeters thick), the fourth cathode (16) is made by depositing a thin transparent conductive film (about a few tenths of millimeters thick) on the surface of a thin transparent insulating material and then depositing a thin photoelectric cathode material layer (4) with a thickness of about a few micrometers on the transparent conductive film, the fifth anode (17) is made of a thin plate-shaped conductor (about a few tenths of millimeters thick), a gap (about a few tenths of millimeters wide) for moving electrons is formed between the fifth anode (17) and the photoelectric cathode material layer (4), the second light emitting component (12), the fourth cathode (16) and the fifth anode (17) are all fixed in the insulating sealed shell (7), and the inside of the insulating sealed shell (7) is vacuumized (the vacuum degree is about 10 vacuum degree)^-2Pa); light emitted by the second light emitting component (12) is irradiated onto the photocathode material layer (4) through the transparent insulating material layer (18) and the fourth cathode (16), the photocathode material layer (4) escapes photoelectrons due to a photoelectric effect, and the escaped photoelectrons drift to the fifth anode (17) through the gap; the second light emitting component (12), the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) are made as thin as possible, and under the prior art conditions, the electronic generator shown in fig. 21 can be realized by compressing the size of the electronic generator to be less than 15mm × 15mm × 3.5 mm; fig. 21 is a sectional view of the electron generator.

Alternatives for the electron generator (2201): the second light emitting component (12) can be moved outside the insulating and sealing shell, and meanwhile, a transparent light window is reserved on the corresponding position of the insulating and sealing shell (7), so that light emitted by the second light emitting component (12) can be irradiated on the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) through the transparent light window and the fourth cathode (16).

Example 19: the net charge generating device (YJ003) according to the present invention is constituted by the electron generator (2201) shown in fig. 21 in combination with other components, as shown in fig. 22, and comprises: the device comprises an electronic generator (2201), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801), a capacitor (1203) and a light source controller (804); the control signal outputs (denoted by a, b in fig. 22) of the voltage comparator (802) are simultaneously connected with the signal inputs (denoted by a in fig. 22) of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801)₁、b₁Representing), the voltage output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power interface of the second light-emitting component (12), the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can provide a constant voltage in a forward direction and a reverse direction (only a few volts), and the voltage output by the auxiliary voltage generator is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) of the electron generator (2201); one terminal is led out from a fourth cathode (16) of the electronic generator (2201) by a lead wire to be used as a charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ003), and one terminal is led out from a voltage comparator (802) by a lead wire to be used as a potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ 003); the battery (1701) in fig. 22 provides the appropriate operating voltages to the light source controller (804), auxiliary voltage generator (801) and voltage comparator (802).

The voltage comparator (802) is configured to detect a potential input by the potential detection signal input terminal (121), and control a working state of the light source controller (804) according to a detection result, and the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting component (12) to emit light or stop emitting light according to a received control signal (i.e., a trigger signal); the voltage comparator (802) is further used for triggering the working state of the auxiliary voltage generator (801) according to the detection result, and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) determines to output a forward voltage or a reverse cutoff voltage according to the received control signal (namely a trigger signal) and is added between the fourth cathode (16) and the fifth anode (17) of the electronic generator (2201).

In the embodiment, electrons escape from the photoelectric cathode material layer (4) by utilizing the photoelectric effect, and the escaped electrons can smoothly move to the fifth anode (17) by generating an auxiliary voltage between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16); and in standby, the auxiliary voltage controller (801) is used for generating a reverse cut-off voltage between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) to prevent the photocathode material layer (4) from escaping electrons.

Example 20: a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit for supplying electrostatic charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker using the net charge generating device (YJ003) according to embodiment 19 is shown in fig. 23, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ003), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a diaphragm (903); the charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ003) is electrically connected with the first conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), the potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ003) is electrically connected with the second conducting layer of the vibrating diaphragm (903), and an input audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then is added to the fixed polar plate (103). The working process is as follows: as shown in fig. 23, if the static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced below the preset normal operating electric quantity range, the static electricity on the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced correspondingly due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity through the electric potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset electric potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting component (12) to emit light according to the received control signal, meanwhile, the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage according to the received control signal and adds the forward auxiliary voltage between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16), and the electric generator (2201) starts to operate and emit electrons, the fourth cathode (16) is charged with a positive charge as a result of the escaping electrons, said positive charge being transported to the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker via the charge outlet (120); if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804) to control the electron generator (2201) to enter a standby state (namely, the electron does not need to be emitted, and the device is in a standby state), so that the process of supplementing static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished; if the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced again due to electric leakage caused by some reason (such as air humidity, ionization and the like), the static electricity of the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity again through the potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) next time starts until the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electric quantity range again, and the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) is ended again; the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker in this embodiment is positively electrostatically charged.

Example 21: the net charge generator shown in fig. 24, which is designated by reference numeral (YJ004), is formed by slightly changing the connection mode of the electron generator (2201) in the net charge generator (YJ003) shown in fig. 23, and includes: the device comprises an electron generator (2201), a voltage comparator (802), an auxiliary voltage generator (801) and a light source controller (804); the control signal outputs (denoted by a, b in fig. 24) of the voltage comparator (802) are simultaneously connected with the signal inputs (denoted by a in fig. 24) of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801)₁、b₁Representing), the voltage output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power interface of the second light-emitting component (12), the auxiliary voltage generator (801) can generate a forward and reverse constant voltage (only a few volts), and the output voltage is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) of the electronic generator (2201); one terminal is led out from the fifth anode (17) of the electronic generator (2201) by a lead wire to be used as a terminalA charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device, and a terminal is led out from the voltage comparator (802) by a wire and is used as a potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device; the battery (1701) in fig. 24 provides the appropriate operating voltages to the light source controller (804), auxiliary voltage generator (801) and voltage comparator (802).

Example 22: a circuit for supplying electrostatic charge to a diaphragm of an electrostatic speaker using a net charge generating device (YJ004) is shown in fig. 25, and includes: a net charge generating device (YJ004), an audio transformer (101), two fixed polar plates (103) and a vibrating diaphragm (903); a charge output end (120) of the net charge generating device (YJ004) is electrically connected with a first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903), a potential detection signal input end (121) of the net charge generating device (YJ004) is electrically connected with a second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903), and an audio signal is boosted by 200-300 times through the audio transformer (101) and then is added to the fixed polar plate (103); the working process is as follows: as shown in fig. 25, if the static electricity on the first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced below the preset normal operating electric quantity range, the static electricity on the second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced correspondingly due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity through the electric potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset electric potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting component (12) to emit light according to the received control signal, meanwhile, the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward auxiliary voltage according to the received control signal and adds the forward auxiliary voltage between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16), and the electric generator (2201) starts to operate and emit electrons, the fifth anode (17) is charged with a negative charge as a result of the acquisition of electrons, said negative charge being transported via the charge output (120) to a diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker: if the static electricity quantity on the vibrating diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electricity quantity range, the voltage comparator (802) receives the potential information transmitted from the potential detection signal input end (121) and sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804) to control the electron generator (2201) to enter a standby state (namely, the electron does not need to be emitted, and the device is in a standby state), so that the process of supplementing static electricity to the vibrating diaphragm (903) is finished; if the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced again due to electric leakage caused by some reason (such as air humidity, ionization and the like), the static electricity of the second conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is reduced due to induction, the voltage comparator (802) detects the change of the electric quantity again through the potential detection signal input end (121) (the detection result corresponds to a preset potential value), the voltage comparator (802) immediately sends a trigger signal to the auxiliary voltage generator (801) and the light source controller (804), the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) next time starts until the static electricity of the first conducting layer of the diaphragm (903) is increased to a preset normal working electric quantity range again, and the process of supplementing the electric charge to the diaphragm (903) is ended again; in this embodiment, the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker is negatively electrostatically charged.

The foregoing embodiments are described in terms of specific implementations, so that those skilled in the art can more clearly and accurately understand the core idea of the technical solution of the present invention, and as a person skilled in the art can make appropriate equivalent changes or rearrangements on these embodiments to achieve the same technical effect without changing the core idea of the technical solution of the present invention, so that these embodiments should not be taken as limitations on the content of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention as claimed should be determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electronic generator characterized by comprising: a first light-emitting member (2), a transparent first anode (1) having conductivity, a first cathode (5) having conductivity, and an insulating sealed case (7); the first anode (1) and the first cathode (5) are arranged in the insulating sealed shell (7), and the first anode (1) is grounded; and a gap for moving electrons is formed between the first anode (1) and the first cathode (5), and when light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) is irradiated onto the first cathode (5) through the first anode (1), the first cathode (5) can generate photoelectrons moving to the first anode (1).

2. The electronic generator of claim 1, wherein: the first cathode (5) is close to one side of the first anode (1) is of a concave structure, and the first anode (1) is close to one side of the first cathode (5) and is of a convex structure.

3. The electronic generator of claim 1, wherein: the first cathode (5) is a conductor thinner in the middle than at the edges.

4. The electron generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the concave surface of the first cathode (5) close to the first anode (1) is provided with a layer of photocathode material (4).

5. The electronic generator according to claim 1, further comprising a convex lens (3), wherein said convex lens (3) is located between said first luminescent member (2) and said first anode (1).

6. A net charge generating device comprising a voltage comparator (802), a light source controller (804) and an electron generator according to any of claims 1 to 5; the signal output end of the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the signal input end of the light source controller (804), and the voltage output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power interface of the first light-emitting component (2).

7. A net charge generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that it has a charge output (120) and a potential detection signal input (121); the first cathode (5) is electrically connected with the charge output end (120), and the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the potential detection signal input end (121); the voltage comparator (802) is configured to detect a potential input by the potential detection signal input end (121), and send a control signal to control a working state of the light source controller (804) according to a detection result, and the light source controller (804) controls the first light emitting component (2) to emit light or stop emitting light according to the received control signal.

8. An electronic generator characterized by comprising: a first light-emitting member (2), a transparent first anode (1) having conductivity, a first cathode (5) having conductivity, a first auxiliary electrode (6) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing case (7); the first anode (1), the first cathode (5) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) are all arranged in the insulating sealed shell (7), a gap for electrons to move is formed between the first anode (1) and the first cathode (5), the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) are arranged on two sides of the first cathode (5), and the first auxiliary electrode (6) and the first cathode (5) are electrically insulated; when the light emitted by the first light-emitting component (2) is irradiated onto the first cathode (5) through the first anode (1), the first cathode (5) escapes photoelectrons due to photoelectric effect, and a voltage is applied between the first anode (1) and the first auxiliary electrode (6), and an electric field formed by the voltage can promote the escaped photoelectrons to smoothly move to the first anode (1).

9. The electronic generator of claim 8, wherein: the first cathode (5) is close to one side of the first anode (1) is of a concave structure, and the first anode (1) is close to one side of the first cathode (5) and is of a convex structure.

10. The electron generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the first cathode (5) is made of a conductor thinner in the middle than at the edges.

11. The electron generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the concave surface of the first cathode (5) close to the first anode (1) is provided with a layer of photocathode material (4).

12. The electron generator according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises a convex lens (3), said convex lens (3) being located between said first luminescent means (2) and said first anode (1).

13. A net charge generating device, comprising: -a voltage comparator (802), -an auxiliary voltage generator (801), -a light source controller (804) and-an electron generator according to any of claims 8 to 12; the control signal output end of the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the signal input ends of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801), and the voltage output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power interface of the first light-emitting component (2).

14. The net charge generation device of claim 13, having a charge output (120) and a potential detection signal input (121); the first cathode (5) of the electronic generator is electrically connected with the charge output end (120), the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the potential detection signal input end (121), the voltage comparator (802) is used for detecting the potential input by the potential detection signal input end (121) and sending out a control signal according to the detection result to control the working states of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage generator (801), the light source controller (804) controls the first light-emitting component (2) to emit light or stop emitting light according to the received control signal, and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates forward voltage or reverse cut-off voltage according to the received control signal.

15. An electronic generator characterized by comprising: a second cathode (8) having conductivity, a second anode (19) having conductivity, and an insulating sealed case (7); the second cathode (8) is made into a tip array or a knife-edge-shaped structure consisting of a single tip or a plurality of tips, and a gap for moving electrons is formed between the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19); the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19) are arranged in the insulating sealed shell (7), when a certain voltage is applied between the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19), the tip of the second cathode (8) can emit electrons, and the emitted electrons reach the second anode (19) through the gap.

16. A net charge generating device, comprising: -a voltage comparator (802), a pulsed voltage generator (1201), a capacitor (1203) and an electronic generator according to claim 15; the signal output end of the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the signal input end of the pulse voltage generator (1201), and the voltage output by the pulse voltage generator (1201) is applied between the second cathode (8) and the second anode (19) of the electronic generator.

17. The net charge generation device of claim 16, having a charge output (120) and a potential detection signal input (121); the second anode (19) of the electronic generator is electrically connected with the charge output end (120), and the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the potential detection signal input end (121); the voltage comparator (802) is used for detecting the potential input by the potential detection signal input end (121), sending a control signal according to a detection result to control the working state of the pulse voltage generator (1201), and the pulse voltage generator (1201) sending a forward pulse voltage or a reverse cut-off voltage according to the received control signal.

18. An electronic generator characterized by comprising: a second cathode (8) having conductivity, a third anode (9) having conductivity, a first auxiliary electrode (6) having conductivity, and an insulating sealed case (7); the second cathode (8) is made into a tip-shaped structure, the third anode (9) is a conductor with a thinner middle part than an edge, the second cathode (8) is made into a structure with a single tip or a tip array consisting of a plurality of tips, and a gap for moving electrons is arranged between the second cathode (8) and the third anode (9); the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) are arranged on two sides of the third anode (9), and the first auxiliary electrode (6) and the third anode (9) are electrically insulated; the second cathode (8), the third anode (9) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) are all fixed in the insulating sealed shell (7), when a certain voltage is applied between the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6), the tip of the second cathode (8) can emit electrons, and the emitted electrons move to the third anode (9) through the gap.

19. A net charge generating device, comprising: -a voltage comparator (802), a pulsed voltage generator (1201) and an electronic generator according to claim 18; the signal output end of the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the signal input end of the pulse voltage generator (1201), and the voltage output by the pulse voltage generator (1201) is applied between the second cathode (8) and the first auxiliary electrode (6) of the electronic generator.

20. The net charge generation device of claim 19, having a charge output (120) and a potential detection signal input (121); the third anode (9) of the electronic generator is electrically connected with the charge output end (120), and the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the potential detection signal input end (121); the voltage comparator (802) is used for detecting the potential input by the potential detection signal input end (121), sending a control signal according to a detection result to control the working state of the pulse voltage generator (1201), and the pulse voltage generator (1201) sending a forward pulse voltage or a reverse cut-off voltage according to the received control signal.

21. An electronic generator characterized by comprising: a second light-emitting member (12), a transparent fourth anode (13) having conductivity, a third cathode (11) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing case (7); the fourth anode (13) and the third cathode (11) are arranged in the insulating sealed shell (7); a gap for moving electrons is arranged between the fourth anode (13) and the third cathode (11); when the light emitted by the second light emitting member (12) is irradiated onto the third cathode (11) through the fourth anode (13), the third cathode (11) may generate electrons moving toward the fourth anode (13).

22. The electronic generator of claim 21, wherein: the fourth anode (13) is made of a plate-shaped conductor.

23. The electronic generator of claim 21, wherein: the third cathode (11) is made of a plate-shaped conductor, and a photoelectric cathode material layer (4) is arranged on one surface, close to the fourth anode (13), of the third cathode (11).

24. The electronic generator of claim 21, wherein: the second light emitting member (12) is made of a plate-shaped light source.

25. A net charge generating device, characterized by: comprising a voltage comparator (802) and a light source controller (804) and an electron generator according to any of claims 21 to 24; the control signal output end of the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the signal input end of the light source controller (804), and the voltage output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power supply interface of the second light-emitting component (12);

26. a net charge generation device according to claim 25, wherein: said net charge generating means having a charge output (120) and a potential detection signal input (121); the third cathode (11) of the electronic generator is electrically connected with the charge output end (120), and the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the potential detection signal input end (121); the voltage comparator (802) is configured to detect a potential input by the potential detection signal input end (121), and send a control signal to control a working state of the light source controller (804) according to a detection result, and the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting component (12) to emit light or stop emitting light according to the received control signal.

27. An electronic generator characterized by comprising: a second light-emitting member (12), a transparent fourth anode (13) having conductivity, a third cathode (11) having conductivity, a second auxiliary electrode (15) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing case (7); the fourth anode (13), the third cathode (11) and the second auxiliary electrode (15) are all arranged in the insulating sealed shell (7); and a gap for electron movement is formed between the fourth anode (13) and the third cathode (11), when light emitted by the second light emitting component (12) is irradiated onto the third cathode (11) through the fourth anode (13), the third cathode (11) escapes photoelectrons due to a photoelectric effect, and a voltage is applied between the fourth anode (13) and the second auxiliary electrode (15), wherein an electric field formed by the voltage can promote the escaped photoelectrons to smoothly move to the fourth anode (13).

28. The electronic generator of claim 27, wherein: the fourth anode (13) is made of a plate-shaped conductor.

29. The electronic generator of claim 27, wherein: the third cathode (11) is made of a plate-shaped conductor, and a photoelectric cathode material layer (4) is arranged on one surface, close to the fourth anode (13), of the third cathode (11).

30. The electronic generator of claim 27, wherein: the second light emitting member (12) is made of a plate-shaped light source.

31. The electronic generator of claim 27, wherein: the second auxiliary electrode (15) is made of a plate-like conductor.

32. A net charge generating device, comprising: -a voltage comparator (802), -an auxiliary voltage generator (801), -a light source controller (804) and-an electron generator according to any of claims 27 to 31; the control signal output end of the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the signal input ends of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801), and the voltage output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power interface of the second light emitting component (12).

33. A net charge generation device according to claim 32, wherein: said net charge generating means having a charge output (120) and a potential detection signal input (121); the third cathode (11) of the electronic generator is electrically connected with the charge output end (120), and the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the potential detection signal input end (121); the voltage comparator (802) is configured to detect a potential input by the potential detection signal input end (121), and send a control signal according to a detection result to control working states of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage generator (801), the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting component (12) to emit light or stop emitting light according to the received control signal, and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward voltage or a reverse cut-off voltage according to the received control signal.

34. An electronic generator characterized by comprising: a second light-emitting member (12), a fourth cathode (16) having conductivity and transparency, a fifth anode (17) having conductivity, and an insulating sealing case (7); the fourth cathode (16) and the fifth anode (17) are arranged in the insulating sealed shell (7), a gap for electron movement is arranged between the fourth cathode (16) and the fifth anode (17), a photocathode material (4) is arranged on one surface of the fourth cathode (16) close to the fifth anode (17), when light emitted by the second light emitting component (12) is irradiated onto the photocathode material (4) through the fourth cathode (16), photoelectrons escape from the photocathode material (4) due to photoelectric effect, and a voltage is applied between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) to form an electric field which can promote the escaped photoelectrons to smoothly move to the fifth anode (17).

35. The electronic generator of claim 34, wherein: the fifth anode (17) is made of a plate-shaped conductor.

36. The electronic generator of claim 34, wherein: the fourth cathode (16) is made of a transparent plate conductor.

37. The electronic generator of claim 34, wherein: the second light emitting member (12) is made of a plate-shaped light source.

38. A net charge generating device, comprising: -a voltage comparator (802), -a light source controller (804), -an auxiliary voltage generator (801), -a capacitor (1203) and-an electron generator according to any of claims 34 to 37; the control signal output end of the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the signal input ends of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage controller (801) at the same time, the voltage output end of the light source controller (804) is electrically connected with the power interface of the second light-emitting component (12), and the voltage output by the auxiliary voltage generator (801) is added between the fifth anode (17) and the fourth cathode (16) of the electron generator through the capacitor (1203).

39. A net charge generation device according to claim 38, wherein: said net charge generating means having a charge output (120) and a potential detection signal input (121); the fourth cathode (16) of the electronic generator is electrically connected with the charge output end (120), and the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the potential detection signal input end (121); the voltage comparator (802) is configured to detect a potential input by the potential detection signal input end (121), and send a control signal according to a detection result to control working states of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage generator (801), the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting component (12) to emit light or stop emitting light according to the received control signal, and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) generates a forward voltage or a reverse cut-off voltage according to the received control signal.

40. A net charge generation device according to claim 38, wherein: said net charge generating means having a charge output (120) and a potential detection signal input (121); the fifth anode (17) of the electronic generator is electrically connected with the charge output end (120), and the voltage comparator (802) is electrically connected with the potential detection signal input end (121); the voltage comparator (802) is configured to detect a potential input by the potential detection signal input end (121), and send a control signal according to a detection result to control working states of the light source controller (804) and the auxiliary voltage generator (801), the light source controller (804) controls the second light emitting component (12) to emit light or stop emitting light according to the received control signal, and the auxiliary voltage generator (801) outputs a forward voltage or a reverse cut-off voltage according to the received control signal.

41. An electrostatic speaker, characterized by: the electrostatic loudspeaker comprising an audio transformer (101), two fixed plates (103), a diaphragm (903) and a net charge generating device according to any one of claims 6, 7, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 25, 26, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40; an input audio signal is boosted by the audio transformer (101) and then applied to the fixed polar plate (103), and the net charge generating device provides static charge for the diaphragm (903).

42. An electrostatic loudspeaker as claimed in claim 41, wherein the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic loudspeaker comprises: the insulating material layer in the middle, and a first conducting layer and a second conducting layer which are respectively arranged on two surfaces of the insulating material layer.

43. The electrostatic speaker of claim 42, wherein said first conductive layer has an area resistance of 10⁶～10¹²Omega, the surface resistance of the second conducting layer is 0-10⁶Omega is between.

44. The electrostatic speaker of claim 41, wherein a charge output terminal (120) of the net charge generating device is electrically connected to a first conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), a potential detection signal input terminal (121) of the net charge generating device is electrically connected to a second conductive layer of the diaphragm (903), an input audio signal is boosted by the audio transformer (101) and then applied to the two fixed plates (103), the net charge generating device provides electrostatic charge to the diaphragm (903) of the electrostatic speaker through the charge output terminal (120), the diaphragm (903) is located between the two fixed plates (103), an electric field varying with the audio signal is generated between the two fixed plates (103), and the diaphragm (903) vibrates under the action of the varying electric field force to generate sound.