CN110995290A - 一种支持uwb和fmcw双模的宽带射频收发机架构 - Google Patents

一种支持uwb和fmcw双模的宽带射频收发机架构 Download PDF

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CN110995290A
CN110995290A CN201811152697.9A CN201811152697A CN110995290A CN 110995290 A CN110995290 A CN 110995290A CN 201811152697 A CN201811152697 A CN 201811152697A CN 110995290 A CN110995290 A CN 110995290A
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fmcw
radio frequency
dual
uwb
bandwidth
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马建国
张蕾
周绍华
邹浩
赵升
杨自凯
杨闯
李旭光
李昭
张明哲
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Tianjin University Marine Technology Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/032—Constructional details for solid-state radar subsystems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/0209—Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H04B1/401—Circuits for selecting or indicating operating mode
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种支持UWB和FMCW双模的宽带射频收发机架构，通过信号源调制的方式提出实现双模式雷达的系统框架，并通过频率错开的方法实现射频前端的带宽的展宽，最终实现了基于半导体工艺双模式（FMCW/UWB）框架的设计并兼顾了射频前端的带宽。

Description

一种支持UWB和FMCW双模的宽带射频收发机架构
技术领域
本发明属于微波工程领域，具体涉及一种适用于支持超宽带+调频连续波的宽带射频收发机架构即一种支持UWB和FMCW双模的宽带射频收发机架构。
背景技术
随着高集成度产品（成像、汽车雷达等）需求的增长和太赫兹技术的发展，具有低成本的高效高集成度低成本的收发机芯片成为未来的一大趋势。比如在汽车雷达领域，毫米波雷达的整机体积可以做到很小巧且易于安装，很适合应用在汽车上作为防撞和测距雷达。因此，为了同时实现低成本和高集成度的需求，基于半导体工艺的太赫兹收发机芯片在未来的产品应用上的优势越来越明显。
在超宽带(ultrawideband,简称“UWB”)的雷达系统中，因为可以实现较宽的带宽，从而可以实现较高的距离分辨率。但是由于超宽带雷达在使用过程中因为允许的功率低限制了其可以检测的范围，检测概率小，多适用于近程雷达。调频连续波雷达(FrequencyModulated Continuous Wave，简称“FMCW”)雷达对发射功率的要求较小，需要进行连续发射功率，需要的峰值功率低，可以产生比较好的信噪比。但是缺点是带宽窄，距离分辨率低，多适用于远程雷达。
综合UWB和FMCW的各自存在的优缺点以及实际应用场景的复杂性，更多的产品采用双模式雷达来满足这样的需求，这样不仅不需要额外的路径，大大减小了实际使用中的芯片的使用个数，从而降低了功耗和芯片的面积。目前已经在被多个领域应用，比如汽车雷达、无人机等。双模式雷达是未来应用的一个趋势。
但是在双模式雷达的设计中，系统前端模块的带宽要求很高，必须达到一定的要求，同时满足调频连续波和超宽带雷达的带宽需求。尤其是在射频系统中，基于半导体的收发机将存在很多的寄生参数，这个大大限制了整个系统的工作带宽。因此，如何基于半导体工艺实现双模式（UWB/FMCW）的系统并兼顾整个射频前端的带宽是目前双模式雷达实现中的一个难点。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的难题，一种支持UWB和FMCW双模的宽带射频收发机架构，通过信号源调制的方式提出实现双模式雷达的系统框架，并通过频率错开的方法实现射频前端的带宽的展宽，最终实现了基于半导体工艺双模式（FMCW/UWB）框架的设计并兼顾了射频前端的带宽。
一种支持UWB和FMCW双模的宽带射频收发机架构，基于已有的FMCW系统的基本框架，在其基础上在信号源的部分增加脉冲信号（pulse wave）、多路选通器（Mux）和控制电压来实现UWB/FMCW两种工作模式的切换。同时在射频前端的功率放大器（PA）和低噪声放大器（LNA）两个模块中，均采用频率交错的方式拓展带宽，即PA/LNA通过多级来进行实现，每一级的中心频率都分别错开，在最终合成的时候，可以实现宽的频带范围。最终为双模雷达系统提供宽的工作带宽，保证雷达的正常工作。
一种支持UWB和FMCW双模的宽带射频收发机架构，具有以下几个优点：
1）基于半导体工艺，便于与后端电路集成，易于实现大规模量产，进而降低后续产品开发的成本；
2）实现双模雷达，大大降低了芯片功耗和面积，满足复杂应用场景需求；
3）基于频率错开的前端模块的设计方法，实现了很宽的工作频率范围，满足了双模式雷达的正常工作对于带宽的需求。
附图说明
图1是双模式雷达射频收发机架构的示意图；
图2是射频前端模块拓展带宽的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚的说明本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
一种支持UWB和FMCW双模的宽带射频收发机架构，整个系统主要包括发射链路和接收链路，如图一所示。其中，发射链路和接收链路通过Power Divider（功分器）共用信号源的部分。信号源的部分包括VCO（压控振荡器）、MUX（多路选通器）、Buffer（缓冲器）。其中，VCO为整个系统提供一定频率的连续波，通过改变控制电压Vtune可以实现对振荡器频率的改变。MUX用作控制是否对连续波信号进行脉冲调制。当控制端A和B分别为高电平和低电平的时候，MUX为直通的状态，也就是VCO输出的连续波信号没有被调制，仍然为连续波信号；当控制端A和B分别为低电平和高电平的时候，MUX将pulse wave（脉冲波）与VCO输出的连续波进行调制，MUX输出脉冲波。Buffer用来对MUX出来的信号进行放大。Buffer的输出端的信号作为Power Divider的输入信号，power divider最终产生两路信号。一路为发射端的buffer提供输入，另一路通过一个balun（巴伦）将信号变为差分信号作为混频器的本振输入信号。发射端的buffer的输出信号用来驱动PA（功率放大器）从而实现一定的功率输出，最后通过Tx_Antenna（发射端的天线）将信号辐射出去。接收端通过Rx_Antenna（接收端的天线）将接收空间中的信号，并通过LNA（低噪声放大器）实现对信号的放大，放大后的信号作为Mixer的射频输入，跟Balun提供的本振信号通过混频器进行相乘，得到中频输出IF_out。
为了满足双模系统中UWB对射频前端的带宽的要求，如图二所示，在PA和LNA的设计中，采用频率间隔的形式实现带宽的拓展，在图二中，放大器包括三级（实际的级数可以根据系统的要求进行适当的增加），其中第一级、第二级和第三级工作的中心频率分别为f1、f2和f3，f1和f2的带宽之间在中间进行交叠，f2和f3的带宽在中间也进行交叠，从而在实现射频前端模块的带宽的拓展。

Claims (1)

1.一种支持UWB和FMCW双模的宽带射频收发机架构，其特征在于：基于已有的FMCW系统的基本框架，在其基础上在信号源的部分增加脉冲信号、多路选通器和控制电压来实现UWB/FMCW两种工作模式的切换；同时在射频前端的功率放大器和低噪声放大器两个模块中，均采用频率交错的方式拓展带宽，即PA/LNA通过多级来进行实现，每一级的中心频率都分别错开，在最终合成的时候，可以实现宽的频带范围，最终为双模雷达系统提供宽的工作带宽，保证雷达的正常工作。
CN201811152697.9A 2018-09-29 2018-09-29 一种支持uwb和fmcw双模的宽带射频收发机架构 Pending CN110995290A (zh)

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LU101283A LU101283B1 (en) 2018-09-29 2019-07-02 Broadband RF transceiver architecture supporting dual modes of UWB and FMCW

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11956007B2 (en) 2021-09-08 2024-04-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Electronic device and method for transmitting UWB signal in electronic device

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CN106788295A (zh) * 2017-01-06 2017-05-31 上海华虹宏力半导体制造有限公司 一种多级放大器
CN107819490A (zh) * 2017-09-14 2018-03-20 天津大学 一种脉冲超宽带太赫兹收发构架
CN108572358A (zh) * 2017-03-14 2018-09-25 恩智浦有限公司 可重新配置的雷达单元、集成电路和其方法

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CN103391054A (zh) * 2013-07-08 2013-11-13 吴江市同心电子科技有限公司 一种超宽带高增益低噪声放大器
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CN108572358A (zh) * 2017-03-14 2018-09-25 恩智浦有限公司 可重新配置的雷达单元、集成电路和其方法
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US11956007B2 (en) 2021-09-08 2024-04-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Electronic device and method for transmitting UWB signal in electronic device

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