CN110990987B - Simulation method of optical remote sensing camera imaging full link - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a simulation method of an imaging full link of an optical remote sensing camera. The simulation method comprises the steps of establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera, establishing a structure model and a finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera, establishing a star atlas target model, establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera containing various static errors, establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera containing various dynamic errors, superposing a dynamic point diffusion function and a static point diffusion function to generate a total point diffusion function, and carrying out convolution operation on the total point diffusion function and an original star atlas to obtain a final image formed by an optical system. The simulation method of the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera can comprehensively consider various error factors such as various dynamic errors, static errors and the like, and has high precision and high confidence level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical remote sensing imaging, in particular to a simulation method of an imaging full link of an optical remote sensing camera.
Background
With the continuous development of optical remote sensing imaging technology, space optical remote sensing systems become more and more complex. The space optical remote sensing system is developing towards higher spatial resolution, spectral resolution and radiation resolution, so that the design and development difficulty of the space optical remote sensor is increasing. The simulation technology is adopted in a laboratory to carry out simulation on the whole remote sensing physical process from an optical facility and a facility platform, and the required image can be obtained at low economic cost. Therefore, the optical remote sensing simulation technology has extremely important application value in a series of fields such as remote sensing task prediction, imaging system design, image quality evaluation, image processing algorithm verification, image interpretation training and the like.
Because the image quality obtained by the space optical remote sensing system is influenced by many factors, the final image quality of the optical remote sensing camera needs to be researched comprehensively by carrying out simulation analysis on the full link of the remote sensing imaging system from the perspective of system engineering. Full-link simulation of an optical remote sensing camera for astronomical observation is a cross-domain comprehensive technology relating to a plurality of subjects such as optics, mechanics, thermodynamics, control science, image processing and the like. The scientific, accurate and high-confidence full-link imaging simulation system has important reference value and guiding significance for overall scheme design, index distribution, image and data processing and the like of the space remote sensing camera.
Therefore, for the requirement of the prior art for simulating the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera, it is necessary to provide a simulation method for the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera, which has high precision and high confidence and can comprehensively consider various error factors such as an optical design residual, an optical surface manufacturing residual, an optical setup residual, an error caused by a gravity environment change, an error caused by an on-orbit thermal environment, an error caused by micro-vibration and precise image stabilization, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the requirement of the prior art on the imaging full link simulation of the optical remote sensing camera, the embodiment of the invention provides a simulation method of the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera. The simulation method can comprehensively consider various error factors such as optical design residual, optical surface manufacturing residual, optical installation and adjustment residual, error caused by gravity environment change, error caused by on-orbit thermal environment, error caused by micro-vibration and precise image stabilization and the like, and has high precision and high confidence level.
The specific scheme of the simulation method of the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera is as follows: a simulation method of an imaging full link of an optical remote sensing camera comprises the following steps of S1: establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera in optical software; step S2: establishing a structure model and a finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera, calculating a first rigid body displacement and a first surface-shaped Zernike coefficient of each reflector in the optical system caused by gravity and temperature change, and calculating a second rigid body displacement and a second surface-shaped Zernike coefficient of each reflector in the optical system caused by on-orbit thermal environment change; step S3: representing the star atlas target by using a gray value, and establishing a star atlas target model; step S4: establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera containing various static errors, and calculating a static point spread function of the optical system under various static errors; step S5: establishing a dynamic simulation model of micro-vibration and precise image stabilization, and calculating a dynamic point spread function of the optical system at different times within the staring time; step S6: superposing the dynamic point spread function and the static point spread function to generate a total point spread function, and carrying out image quality evaluation; step S7: and performing convolution operation on the total point spread function and the original star map to obtain a final image formed by the optical system.
Preferably, the optical model of the optical remote sensing camera in the step S1 is an optical full model from an optical mirror surface to an imaging focal plane.
Preferably, the optical software in step S1 includes CODE V software or Zemax software.
Preferably, in step S2, the on-orbit temperature field distribution of the optical remote sensing camera is provided by the thermal control system to calculate the second rigid body displacement and the second zernike coefficients of the mirrors in the optical system due to the on-orbit thermal environment change.
Preferably, the various static errors in step S4 include optical design residual, optical surface manufacturing residual, optical setup residual, gravitational environment change, and residual caused by on-orbit thermal environment.
Preferably, the quantitative indicators of the image quality evaluation in step S6 include the full-field average wave aberration, the energy concentration, the angular resolution, and the ellipticity of the point spread function.
Preferably, the step S3 is performed by simulation and modeling using Matlab software.
Preferably, in the step S2, a three-dimensional design software UG and a finite element analysis software msc.patran and msc.nastran are used to build a structural model and a finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera.
Preferably, working condition loading is carried out in the finite element analysis software according to the actual constraint state and the boundary condition, and the node displacement of each reflector is calculated; and respectively fitting each reflector mirror surface node by adopting an optical machine integration tool sigfit to obtain a first rigid body displacement, a first surface shape Zernike coefficient, a second rigid body displacement and a second surface shape Zernike coefficient.
Preferably, the process of establishing the dynamic simulation model of the micro-vibration in step S5 is as follows: adopting an optical-mechanical integration tool sigfit to fit to obtain an optical model, adopting finite element analysis software MSC.Patran to establish a finite element model, then integrating the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran into the optical-mechanical model through a sensitivity matrix, loading a time domain load, and analyzing to obtain rigid body displacement of each reflector; the process of establishing the dynamic simulation model of the precise image stabilization in step S5 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of taking three-axis residual errors after micro-vibration and attitude control as input, obtaining an optical model by adopting a sigfit of an optical machine integration tool, establishing a finite element model by adopting finite element analysis software MSC.Patran, integrating the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran into the optical machine model by a sensitivity matrix, establishing a control model by Matlab, calling the optical machine model, and analyzing to obtain rigid body displacement of each reflector.
According to the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided by the embodiment of the invention covers a plurality of disciplines such as optics, mechanics, thermology, control, image processing and the like, and the related contents comprise a camera optical-mechanical structure, an error item model, a star map target model, a micro-vibration model and a precise image stabilization model, so that the whole physical process is simulated more comprehensively. Further, the simulation method of the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the invention simultaneously considers a static error item and a dynamic error item in a physical process, so that the simulation is closer to an actual process, and the simulation method has important reference values for the overall scheme design, index distribution, image and data processing and the like of the optical remote sensing camera. Furthermore, the simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively predict and identify the key factors influencing the imaging performance of the optical system by analyzing the imaging quality reduction caused by the factors such as design, manufacture, system installation and debugging, on-orbit environmental change, image stabilization control and the like in the imaging link of the optical remote sensing camera. Furthermore, the simulation method of the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for simulating from a system level, and the design of each subsystem can be optimized and balanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a simulation method of an imaging full link of an optical remote sensing camera provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic error diagram in a simulation method of an imaging full link of an optical remote sensing camera provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a diffusion point function result obtained by taking a central field of view as an example in the simulation method for the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an image quality evaluation index of a full-field wave aberration example in the simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of a simulation method of an imaging full link of an optical remote sensing camera provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises seven steps, and the specific process is explained as follows.
Step S1: and establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera in optical software. The optical software specifically includes CODE V software or Zemax software. The optical model of the optical remote sensing camera is an optical full model from an optical mirror surface to an imaging focal plane. Namely, an optical full model of each optical mirror surface to an imaging focal plane is established in CODE V software or Zemax software.
Step S2: and establishing a structure model and a finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera, calculating a first rigid body displacement U and a first surface Zernike (Zernike) coefficient U 'of each reflector in the optical system, which are caused by gravity and temperature change, and calculating a second rigid body displacement P and a second surface Zernike (Zernike) coefficient P' of each reflector in the optical system, which are caused by the change of the on-orbit thermal environment. Wherein, the second rigid body displacement P and the second Zernike (Zernike) coefficient P' of the second surface shape of each reflector in the optical system are calculated by the on-orbit temperature field distribution of the optical remote sensing camera provided by the thermal control system.
The specific implementation process is as follows: and establishing a three-dimensional structure model and a finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera by adopting three-dimensional design software UG and finite element analysis software MSC.Patran and MSC.Nastran. And (3) carrying out working condition loading in finite element analysis software (namely MSC.Patran and MSC.Nastran) according to actual constraint states and boundary conditions, and calculating the displacement of each reflector mirror surface node. The working conditions specifically comprise a gravity environment, a temperature environment and on-orbit temperature field distribution of the camera provided by the thermal control system. And respectively fitting each reflector mirror surface node by adopting an optical machine integration tool sigfit to obtain a first rigid body displacement U, a first surface shape Zernike (Zernike) coefficient U ', a second rigid body displacement P and a second surface shape Zernike (Zernike) coefficient P'.
Step S3: and expressing the star atlas target by using a gray value, and establishing a star atlas target model. Specifically, Matlab software can be adopted to express the star atlas object by using a gray value, and a model of the required star atlas object is established.
Step S4: and establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera containing various static errors, and calculating a static point spread function of the optical system under various static errors.
The specific implementation process is as follows: the optical model of the optical remote sensing camera created in step S1 is added with the optical surface manufacturing residual, the optical setup residual, the change in the gravitational environment, and the residual caused by the in-orbit thermal environment of the optical remote sensing camera, thereby creating an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera including various static errors. As shown in fig. 2, various static errors include optical design residual, optical surface manufacturing residual, optical setup residual, gravitational environment change, and residual caused by in-orbit thermal environment.
Since the Point Spread Function (PSF) is actually an impulse response function of the optical system, the image formed by the optical system can also be understood as the convolution result of the original image and the point spread function of each point, so the static Point Spread Function (PSF) of the optical system under various static errors is calculated by driving the optical software Code V or Zemax through the optical software plug-in MATLAB. As shown in fig. 3, the results of the diffusion point function obtained by taking the central field of view as an example are shown schematically. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the result of a Point Spread Function (PSF) of a (0,0) field of view, in which the X direction and the Y direction are off-center distances, and the Z direction represents relative energy values, and the imaging quality of the optical system can be judged by the degree of concentration or dispersion of energy.
Step S5: and establishing a dynamic simulation model of micro-vibration and precise image stabilization, and calculating a dynamic point spread function of the optical system at different moments within the staring time. The process of establishing the micro-vibration dynamic simulation model comprises the following steps: adopting an optical machine integration tool sigfit to fit to obtain an optical model, adopting finite element analysis software MSC.Patran to establish a finite element model, then integrating the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran into the optical machine model through a sensitivity matrix, loading a time domain load, and analyzing to obtain rigid body displacement of each mirror; the process of establishing the dynamic simulation model of the precise image stabilization comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking three-axis residual errors after micro-vibration and attitude control as input, obtaining an optical model by adopting a sigfit of an optical machine integration tool, establishing a finite element model by adopting finite element analysis software MSC.Patran, integrating the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran into the optical machine model by a sensitivity matrix, establishing a control model by Matlab, calling the optical machine model, and analyzing to obtain rigid body displacement of each mirror. And adding rigid body displacement of each mirror obtained by micro-vibration and precise image stabilization calculation to the camera optical model to obtain a dynamic Point Spread Function (PSF) of the optical system at different moments.
Step S6: and superposing the dynamic point spread function and the static point spread function to generate a total point spread function, and evaluating the image quality. In this embodiment, the quantitative indicators for image quality evaluation include full field average wave aberration, energy concentration, angular resolution, and ellipsometry for point spread function.
The specific implementation process is as follows: and (4) superposing the static Point Spread Function (PSF) under various static errors obtained in the step S4 and the dynamic Point Spread Function (PSF) under the micro-vibration and precise image stabilization working condition obtained in the step S5 by MATLAB software to generate a final total Point Spread Function (PSF). Since the influence of small tolerance variation on the image in high-resolution imaging is difficult to distinguish by naked eyes, the quantitative index of image quality evaluation can also be used as a simulation result of full-link simulation. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the image quality evaluation index full-field average wave aberration, energy concentration, angular resolution, and ellipticity by MATLAB on the obtained total Point Spread Function (PSF) with the sampling number of 2048 × 2048 and the sampling interval of 0.4 μm by taking a circle of a certain radius as an area in the optical software CODE V or Zemax. As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of an image quality evaluation index is shown by taking the full-field wave aberration as an example. In fig. 4, the X-axis represents the physical space X-direction field angle (in degrees), the Y-axis represents the physical space Y-direction field angle (in degrees), and the minimum value, the maximum value, the average value, and the standard deviation value of the full-field wave aberration (RMS) are listed below the table, all in units of wavelength, wherein the wavelength is 632.8 nm.
Step S7: and performing convolution operation on the total point spread function and the original star map to obtain a final image formed by the optical system.
The simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided by the embodiment of the invention covers a plurality of disciplines such as optics, mechanics, thermology, control, image processing and the like, and the related contents comprise a camera optical-mechanical structure, an error item model, a star map target model, a micro-vibration model and a precise image stabilization model, so that the whole physical process is simulated more comprehensively.
The simulation method of the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the invention simultaneously considers the static error item and the dynamic error item in the physical process, so that the simulation is closer to the actual process, and the simulation method has important reference values for the overall scheme design, index distribution, image and data processing and the like of the optical remote sensing camera.
The simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively predict and identify the key factors influencing the imaging performance of the optical system by analyzing the condition of imaging quality reduction caused by factors such as design, manufacture, system installation and debugging, on-orbit environmental change, image stabilization control and the like in the imaging link of the optical remote sensing camera.
The simulation method of the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for simulating from a system level, and can optimize and balance the design of each subsystem.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A simulation method of an imaging full link of an optical remote sensing camera is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera in optical software;
step S2: establishing a structure model and a finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera, calculating a first rigid body displacement and a first surface-shaped Zernike coefficient of each reflector in the optical system caused by gravity and temperature change, and calculating a second rigid body displacement and a second surface-shaped Zernike coefficient of each reflector in the optical system caused by on-orbit thermal environment change;
step S3: representing the star atlas target by using a gray value, and establishing a star atlas target model;
step S4: establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera containing various static errors, and calculating a static point spread function of the optical system under various static errors;
step S5: establishing a dynamic simulation model of micro-vibration and precise image stabilization, and calculating a dynamic point spread function of the optical system at different times within the staring time;
step S6: superposing the dynamic point spread function and the static point spread function to generate a total point spread function, and evaluating the image quality;
step S7: performing convolution operation on the total point spread function and the original star map to obtain a final image formed by the optical system;
wherein the step S4 includes: adding the optical surface manufacturing residual error, the optical installation and adjustment residual error, the gravity environment change and the residual error caused by the on-orbit thermal environment of the optical remote sensing camera into the optical model of the optical remote sensing camera established in the step S1, thereby establishing the optical model of the optical remote sensing camera containing various static errors; the various static errors include: optical design residual, optical surface manufacturing residual, optical installation and adjustment residual, gravity environment change and residual caused by in-orbit thermal environment;
the process of establishing the dynamic simulation model of the micro-vibration in the step S5 is as follows: adopting an optical-mechanical integration tool sigfit to fit to obtain an optical model, adopting finite element analysis software MSC.Patran to establish a finite element model, then integrating the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran into the optical-mechanical model through a sensitivity matrix, loading a time domain load, and analyzing to obtain rigid body displacement of each reflector; the process of establishing the dynamic simulation model of the precise image stabilization in step S5 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of taking three-axis residual errors after micro-vibration and attitude control as input, adopting a light machine integration tool sigfit to obtain an optical model, adopting finite element analysis software MSC.Patran to establish a finite element model, integrating the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran into the light machine model through a sensitivity matrix, establishing a control model through Matlab, calling the light machine model, and analyzing to obtain the rigid body displacement of each reflector.
2. The method for simulating the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein the optical model of the optical remote sensing camera in the step S1 is an optical full model from an optical mirror surface to an imaging focal plane.
3. The method for simulating the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein the optical software in the step S1 comprises CODE V software or Zemax software.
4. The method for simulating the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is performed by the thermal control system providing the on-orbit temperature field distribution of the optical remote sensing camera to calculate the second rigid body displacement and the second zernike coefficients of the mirrors in the optical system due to the change of the on-orbit thermal environment.
5. The simulation method for imaging the full link of the optical remote sensing camera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quantitative indicators for the image quality evaluation in the step S6 include the full field average wave aberration, the energy concentration, the angular resolution and the ellipticity of the point spread function.
6. The method for simulating the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 is realized by simulating and modeling by Matlab software.
7. The simulation method for imaging full link of optical remote sensing camera according to claim 1, wherein said step S2 is to use three-dimensional design software UG and finite element analysis software msc.
8. The method for simulating the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera according to claim 7, wherein working condition loading is carried out in the finite element analysis software according to actual constraint states and boundary conditions, and the displacement of each reflector mirror surface node is calculated; and respectively fitting each reflector mirror surface node by adopting an optical machine integration tool sigfit to obtain a first rigid body displacement, a first surface shape Zernike coefficient, a second rigid body displacement and a second surface shape Zernike coefficient.
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