CN110990987B - Simulation method of optical remote sensing camera imaging full link - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明实施例公开了一种光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法。该仿真方法包括建立光学遥感相机的光学模型，建立光学遥感相机的结构模型和有限元模型，建立星图目标模型，建立包含各种静态误差的光学遥感相机的光学模型，建立各种动态误差的光学遥感相机的光学模型，将动态点扩散函数和静态点扩散函数进行叠加生成总的点扩散函数，将总的点扩散函数与原始星图进行卷积运算得到光学系统所成的最终图像。该光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法能够综合考虑各种动态误差和静态误差等各种误差因素、具有高精度和高置信度。
The embodiment of the invention discloses a simulation method of an optical remote sensing camera imaging full link. The simulation method includes establishing an optical model of an optical remote sensing camera, establishing a structural model and a finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera, establishing a star map target model, establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera including various static errors, and establishing various dynamic errors. The optical model of the optical remote sensing camera superimposes the dynamic point spread function and the static point spread function to generate the total point spread function, and convolves the total point spread function with the original star map to obtain the final image formed by the optical system. The simulation method of the entire imaging link of the optical remote sensing camera can comprehensively consider various error factors such as various dynamic errors and static errors, and has high precision and high confidence.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光学遥感成像的技术领域，具体涉及一种光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法。The invention relates to the technical field of optical remote sensing imaging, in particular to a simulation method of an optical remote sensing camera imaging full link.
背景技术Background technique
随着光学遥感成像技术的不断发展，空间光学遥感系统变得越来越复杂。空间光学遥感系统正朝着更高的空间分辨率、光谱分辨率、辐射分辨率的方向发展，从而空间光学遥感器的设计、研制难度也越来越大。在实验室采用模拟仿真技术对从光学设施、设施平台整个遥感物理过程进行模拟仿真，能够以较低的经济成本来获得所需要的图像。因此，光学遥感仿真技术在遥感任务预测、成像系统设计、图像质量评估、图像处理算法验证、图像解译训练等一系列领域都具有极其重要的应用价值。With the continuous development of optical remote sensing imaging technology, the space optical remote sensing system becomes more and more complex. Space optical remote sensing systems are developing towards higher spatial resolution, spectral resolution, and radiometric resolution, so the design and development of space optical remote sensors are becoming more and more difficult. In the laboratory, the simulation technology is used to simulate the entire remote sensing physical process from the optical facility and the facility platform, and the required images can be obtained at a lower economic cost. Therefore, optical remote sensing simulation technology has extremely important application value in a series of fields such as remote sensing task prediction, imaging system design, image quality assessment, image processing algorithm verification, and image interpretation training.
由于空间光学遥感系统获取的图像质量受诸多因素的影响，因此，光学遥感相机最终的图像质量，需要从系统工程的角度，开展遥感成像系统全链路仿真分析综合研究。对天观测光学遥感相机的全链路仿真是一项涉及光学、机械、热学、控制学、图像处理等众多学科的交叉领域综合技术。科学精确且置信度高的全链路成像仿真系统对空间遥感相机的总体方案设计、指标分配、图像和数据的处理等具有重要的参考价值与指导意义。Since the image quality obtained by the space optical remote sensing system is affected by many factors, the final image quality of the optical remote sensing camera needs to carry out a comprehensive research on the full-link simulation analysis of the remote sensing imaging system from the perspective of systems engineering. The full-link simulation of the optical remote sensing camera for sky observation is an interdisciplinary comprehensive technology involving many disciplines such as optics, mechanics, thermals, control, and image processing. The scientific, accurate and high-confidence full-link imaging simulation system has important reference value and guiding significance for the overall scheme design, index allocation, image and data processing of space remote sensing cameras.
因此，针对现有技术对光学遥感相机成像全链路仿真的需求，有必要提供一种能够综合考虑光学设计残差、光学表面制造残差、光学装调残差、重力环境变化引起的误差、在轨热环境引起的误差以及微振动和精密稳像引起的误差等各种误差因素、具有高精度和高置信度的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法。Therefore, in view of the requirements of the existing technology for the full-link simulation of optical remote sensing camera imaging, it is necessary to provide a method that can comprehensively consider optical design residuals, optical surface manufacturing residuals, optical adjustment residuals, errors caused by changes in the gravitational environment, Various error factors such as errors caused by on-orbit thermal environment and errors caused by micro-vibration and precise image stabilization, a simulation method of the entire imaging link of an optical remote sensing camera with high precision and high confidence.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术对光学遥感相机成像全链路仿真的需求，本发明实施例提供一种光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法。该仿真方法能够综合考虑光学设计残差、光学表面制造残差、光学装调残差、重力环境变化引起的误差、在轨热环境引起的误差以及微振动和精密稳像引起的误差等各种误差因素、具有高精度和高置信度。In response to the requirement of the prior art for the simulation of the entire imaging link of the optical remote sensing camera, the embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation method for the imaging full link of the optical remote sensing camera. The simulation method can comprehensively consider various optical design residuals, optical surface manufacturing residuals, optical adjustment residuals, errors caused by changes in the gravitational environment, errors caused by on-orbit thermal environment, and errors caused by micro-vibration and precise image stabilization. Error factor, with high precision and high confidence.
该光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法的具体方案如下：一种光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法，包括步骤S1：在光学软件中建立光学遥感相机的光学模型；步骤S2：建立光学遥感相机的结构模型和有限元模型，计算由于重力和温度变化导致的光学系统中各个反射镜的第一刚体位移和第一面形泽尼克系数，计算由于在轨热环境变化导致的光学系统中各个反射镜的第二刚体位移和第二面形泽尼克系数；步骤S3：将星图目标用灰度值表示，建立星图目标模型；步骤S4：建立包含各种静态误差的光学遥感相机的光学模型，计算有各种静态误差下的光学系统的静态点扩散函数；步骤S5：建立微振动和精密稳像的动态仿真模型，计算凝视时间内不同时刻下光学系统的动态点扩散函数；步骤S6：将所述动态点扩散函数和所述静态点扩散函数进行叠加，生成总的点扩散函数，并进行像质评价；步骤S7：将所述总的点扩散函数与原始星图进行卷积运算，得到光学系统所成的最终图像。The specific scheme of the simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link is as follows: a simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link, comprising step S1: establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera in optical software; step S2: establishing an optical remote sensing camera The structural model and finite element model of the remote sensing camera, calculate the first rigid body displacement and the first surface Zernike coefficient of each mirror in the optical system due to changes in gravity and temperature, and calculate the changes in the optical system due to changes in the orbital thermal environment. The second rigid body displacement and the second surface Zernike coefficient of each reflector; Step S3: represent the star map target with grayscale values, and establish a star map target model; Step S4: establish the optical remote sensing camera including various static errors. Optical model, calculate the static point spread function of the optical system under various static errors; Step S5: establish a dynamic simulation model of micro-vibration and precise image stabilization, and calculate the dynamic point spread function of the optical system at different times within the gaze time; step S6: superimpose the dynamic point spread function and the static point spread function to generate a total point spread function, and perform image quality evaluation; step S7: convolve the total point spread function with the original star map The operation is performed to obtain the final image formed by the optical system.
优选地，所述步骤S1中的光学遥感相机的光学模型为光学镜面到成像焦面的光学全模型。Preferably, the optical model of the optical remote sensing camera in the step S1 is an optical full model from the optical mirror surface to the imaging focal surface.
优选地，所述步骤S1中的光学软件包括CODE V软件或Zemax软件。Preferably, the optical software in the step S1 includes CODE V software or Zemax software.
优选地，，所述步骤S2中通过热控系统提供光学遥感相机的在轨温度场分布来计算由于在轨热环境变化导致的光学系统中各个反射镜的第二刚体位移和第二面形泽尼克系数。Preferably, in the step S2, the on-orbit temperature field distribution of the optical remote sensing camera is provided by the thermal control system to calculate the second rigid body displacement and the second surface shape of each mirror in the optical system due to the change of the on-orbit thermal environment. Nick coefficient.
优选地，所述步骤S4中的各种静态误差包括光学设计残差、光学表面制造残差、光学装调残差、重力环境变化和在轨热环境引起的残差。Preferably, the various static errors in the step S4 include optical design residuals, optical surface manufacturing residuals, optical adjustment residuals, changes in the gravitational environment and residuals caused by the on-orbit thermal environment.
优选地，所述步骤S6中的像质评价的量化指标包括全视场平均波像差、能量集中度、角分辨率和点扩散函数的椭率。Preferably, the quantitative index of the image quality evaluation in the step S6 includes the mean wave aberration of the whole field of view, the energy concentration, the angular resolution and the ellipticity of the point spread function.
优选地，所述步骤S3采用Matlab软件进行仿真和建模。Preferably, the step S3 uses Matlab software for simulation and modeling.
优选地，所述步骤S2采用三维设计软件UG和有限元分析软件MSC.Patran和MSC.Nastran建立光学遥感相机的结构模型和有限元模型。Preferably, in the step S2, the three-dimensional design software UG and the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran and MSC.Nastran are used to establish the structural model and the finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera.
优选地，在所述有限元分析软件中按照实际约束状态和边界条件进行工况加载，计算各个反射镜镜面节点位移；采用光机集成工具sigfit分别拟合各个反射镜镜面节点得到第一刚体位移、第一面形泽尼克系数、第二刚体位移和第二面形泽尼克系数。Preferably, in the finite element analysis software, working conditions are loaded according to the actual constraint state and boundary conditions, and the displacement of each mirror surface node is calculated; the optical-mechanical integration tool sigfit is used to fit each mirror surface node respectively to obtain the first rigid body displacement , the Zernike coefficient of the first surface shape, the second rigid body displacement, and the Zernike coefficient of the second surface shape.
优选地，所述步骤S5中建立微振动的动态仿真模型的过程为：采用光机集成工具sigfit拟合得到光学模型，采用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran建立有限元模型，再通过灵敏度矩阵用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran集成为光机模型，加载时域载荷，进行分析得到各个反射镜的刚体位移；所述步骤S5中建立精密稳像的动态仿真模型的过程为：以微振动和姿态控制后的三轴残差为输入，采用光机集成工具sigfit拟合得到光学模型，采用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran建立有限元模型，再通过灵敏度矩阵用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran集成为光机模型，通过Matlab建立控制模型并调用所述光机模型，进行分析得到各个反射镜的刚体位移。Preferably, the process of establishing the dynamic simulation model of micro-vibration in the step S5 is as follows: the optical model is obtained by fitting the optical-mechanical integration tool sigfit, the finite element model is established by the finite element analysis software MSC. The meta-analysis software MSC.Patran is integrated into an opto-mechanical model, a time-domain load is loaded, and the rigid body displacement of each mirror is obtained through analysis; the process of establishing a dynamic simulation model for precise image stabilization in the step S5 is: using micro-vibration and attitude control The last three-axis residual is used as input, and the optical model is obtained by fitting the optical-mechanical integration tool sigfit, and the finite element model is established by the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran, and then the sensitivity matrix is integrated with the finite element analysis software MSC. Model, establish a control model through Matlab and call the opto-mechanical model, and analyze the rigid body displacement of each mirror.
从以上技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例具有以下优点：As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:
本发明实施例所提供的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法涵盖了光学、机械、热学、控制学、图像处理等多个学科，涉及到的内容包括相机光机结构、误差项模型、星图目标模型、微振动模型以及精密稳像模型，更全面地仿真整个物理过程。进一步地，本发明实施例所提供的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法同时考虑了物理过程中静态误差项和动态误差项，从而使得仿真更加接近实际过程，对光学遥感相机的总体方案设计、指标分配、图像和数据的处理等具有重要的参考价值。进一步地，本发明实施例所提供的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法通过分析光学遥感相机成像环节中存在由于设计、制造、系统装调、在轨环境变化、稳像控制等因素引起的成像质量下降情况，能够有效地对任务进行预测和识别影响光学系统成像性能的关键因素。进一步地，本发明实施例所提供的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法是从系统层面上进行仿真的，可以优化和平衡各子系统的设计。The simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided by the embodiment of the present invention covers multiple disciplines such as optics, mechanics, thermals, control science, image processing, etc. Graphical target model, micro-vibration model and precise image stabilization model to simulate the entire physical process more comprehensively. Further, the simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided by the embodiment of the present invention takes into account both the static error term and the dynamic error term in the physical process, so that the simulation is closer to the actual process, and the overall scheme design of the optical remote sensing camera is designed. , index allocation, image and data processing, etc. have important reference value. Further, the simulation method for the entire imaging link of the optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the present invention analyzes the existence of problems in the imaging link of the optical remote sensing camera due to factors such as design, manufacture, system adjustment, changes in the on-orbit environment, and image stabilization control. The degradation of imaging quality can effectively predict the task and identify the key factors that affect the imaging performance of the optical system. Further, the simulation method for the entire imaging link of the optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the present invention is simulated from the system level, and the design of each subsystem can be optimized and balanced.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中提供的一种光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法的流程示意图；1 is a schematic flowchart of a simulation method for an optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中提供的一种光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法中的误差示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of errors in a simulation method for an optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中提供的一种光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法以中心视场为例得到的扩散点函数结果示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of a diffusion point function result obtained by taking the center field of view as an example in a simulation method for an optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中提供的一种光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法以全视场波像差为例的像质评价指标示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an image quality evaluation index taking the wave aberration of the full field of view as an example of a simulation method for an optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only Embodiments are part of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if present) in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to Describe a particular order or sequence. It is to be understood that data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments described herein can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those expressly listed Rather, those steps or units may include other steps or units not expressly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.
如图1所示，本发明实施例中提供的一种光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法的流程示意图。本发明实施例所提供的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法包括七个步骤，具体的过程如下阐述。As shown in FIG. 1 , a schematic flowchart of a simulation method for an optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method for simulating the entire imaging link of an optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes seven steps, and the specific process is described as follows.
步骤S1：在光学软件中建立光学遥感相机的光学模型。光学软件具体包括CODE V软件或Zemax软件。光学遥感相机的光学模型为光学镜面到成像焦面的光学全模型。即在CODE V软件或Zemax软件中建立各个光学镜面到成像焦面的光学全模型。Step S1: establish an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera in the optical software. Optical software specifically includes CODE V software or Zemax software. The optical model of the optical remote sensing camera is an optical full model from the optical mirror surface to the imaging focal surface. That is, the optical full model from each optical mirror surface to the imaging focal surface is established in CODE V software or Zemax software.
步骤S2：建立光学遥感相机的结构模型和有限元模型，计算由于重力和温度变化导致的光学系统中各个反射镜的第一刚体位移U和第一面形泽尼克(Zernike)系数U’，计算由于在轨热环境变化导致的光学系统中各个反射镜的第二刚体位移P和第二面形泽尼克(Zernike)系数P’。其中，光学系统中各个反射镜的第二刚体位移P和第二面形泽尼克(Zernike)系数P’通过热控系统提供光学遥感相机的在轨温度场分布来计算。Step S2: establish a structural model and a finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera, calculate the first rigid body displacement U and the first surface Zernike coefficient U' of each mirror in the optical system due to changes in gravity and temperature, and calculate The second rigid body displacement P and the second surface Zernike coefficient P' of each mirror in the optical system due to changes in the orbital thermal environment. Among them, the second rigid body displacement P and the second surface Zernike coefficient P' of each mirror in the optical system are calculated by providing the on-orbit temperature field distribution of the optical remote sensing camera by the thermal control system.
具体地实施过程为：采用三维设计软件UG和有限元分析软件MSC.Patran和MSC.Nastran建立光学遥感相机的三维结构模型和有限元模型。在有限元分析软件(即MSC.Patran和MSC.Nastran)中按照实际约束状态和边界条件进行工况加载，计算各个反射镜镜面节点位移。工况具体包括重力环境、温度环境以及热控系统提供相机的在轨温度场分布等。再采用光机集成工具sigfit分别拟合各个反射镜镜面节点得到第一刚体位移U、第一面形泽尼克(Zernike)系数U’、第二刚体位移P和第二面形泽尼克(Zernike)系数P’。The specific implementation process is as follows: using the three-dimensional design software UG and the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran and MSC.Nastran to establish the three-dimensional structural model and the finite element model of the optical remote sensing camera. In the finite element analysis software (ie MSC.Patran and MSC.Nastran), load the working conditions according to the actual constraint state and boundary conditions, and calculate the mirror node displacement of each mirror. The working conditions include the gravity environment, the temperature environment, and the on-orbit temperature field distribution of the camera provided by the thermal control system. Then use the optical-mechanical integration tool sigfit to fit the mirror nodes of each mirror respectively to obtain the first rigid body displacement U, the first surface Zernike coefficient U', the second rigid body displacement P and the second surface Zernike (Zernike) Coefficient P'.
步骤S3：将星图目标用灰度值表示，建立星图目标模型。具体可采用Matlab软件将星图目标用灰度值表示，建立所需星图目标的模型。Step S3: The star map target is represented by a gray value, and a star map target model is established. Specifically, Matlab software can be used to represent the star map target with gray value, and the model of the required star map target can be established.
步骤S4：建立包含各种静态误差的光学遥感相机的光学模型，计算有各种静态误差下的光学系统的静态点扩散函数。Step S4: establishing an optical model of the optical remote sensing camera including various static errors, and calculating the static point spread function of the optical system with various static errors.
具体地实施过程为：在步骤S1中建立的光学遥感相机的光学模型中加入光学遥感相机的光学表面制造残差、光学装调残差、重力环境变化及在轨热环境引起的残差，从而建立包含各种静态误差的光学遥感相机的光学模型。如图2所示，各种静态误差包括光学设计残差、光学表面制造残差、光学装调残差、重力环境变化和在轨热环境引起的残差。The specific implementation process is as follows: adding the optical surface manufacturing residual of the optical remote sensing camera, the optical adjustment residual, the gravitational environment change and the residual caused by the on-orbit thermal environment to the optical model of the optical remote sensing camera established in step S1, thereby Build an optical model of an optical remote sensing camera containing various static errors. As shown in Figure 2, various static errors include optical design residuals, optical surface manufacturing residuals, optical alignment residuals, changes in the gravitational environment, and residuals caused by the on-orbit thermal environment.
由于点扩散函数(PSF)实际上是光学系统的脉冲响应函数，光学系统所成的像也可以理解成原始图像与各点的点扩散函数卷积的结果，所以，通过MATLAB中光学软件插件驱动光学软件Code V或Zemax计算得到有各种静态误差下的光学系统的静态点扩散函数(PSF)。如图3所示，以中心视场为例得到的扩散点函数结果示意图。图3为(0,0)视场的点扩散函数(PSF)结果示意图，其中，X方向和Y方向为偏离中心的距离，Z方向代表相对能量值，通过能量的集中或分散程度，可以判断光学系统的成像质量。Since the point spread function (PSF) is actually the impulse response function of the optical system, the image formed by the optical system can also be understood as the result of the convolution of the original image and the point spread function of each point. Therefore, it is driven by the optical software plug-in in MATLAB. The optical software Code V or Zemax calculates the static point spread function (PSF) of the optical system with various static errors. As shown in Figure 3, a schematic diagram of the result of the diffusion point function obtained by taking the central field of view as an example. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the point spread function (PSF) result of the (0,0) field of view, in which the X and Y directions are the distances from the center, and the Z direction represents the relative energy value, which can be judged by the concentration or dispersion of the energy. The imaging quality of the optical system.
步骤S5：建立微振动和精密稳像的动态仿真模型，计算凝视时间内不同时刻下光学系统的动态点扩散函数。其中，建立微振动的动态仿真模型的过程为：采用光机集成工具sigfit拟合得到光学模型，采用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran建立有限元模型，再通过灵敏度矩阵用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran集成为光机模型，加载时域载荷，进行分析得到各镜子的刚体位移；建立精密稳像的动态仿真模型的过程为：以微振动和姿态控制后的三轴残差为输入，采用光机集成工具sigfit拟合得到光学模型，采用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran建立有限元模型，再通过灵敏度矩阵用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran集成为光机模型，通过Matlab建立控制模型并调用所述光机模型，进行分析得到各镜子的刚体位移。将微振动和精密稳像计算得到的各镜子的刚体位移加到相机光学模型上得到不同时刻下光学系统的动态点扩散函数(PSF)。Step S5: establish a dynamic simulation model of micro-vibration and precise image stabilization, and calculate the dynamic point spread function of the optical system at different times during the gaze time. Among them, the process of establishing the dynamic simulation model of micro-vibration is as follows: the optical model is obtained by fitting the optical-mechanical integration tool sigfit, the finite element model is established by the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran, and then the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran is used through the sensitivity matrix. Integrate it into an optomechanical model, load the time domain load, and analyze the rigid body displacement of each mirror; the process of establishing a dynamic simulation model for precise image stabilization is as follows: taking micro-vibration and three-axis residuals after attitude control as input, using optomechanical The integrated tool sigfit is fitted to obtain the optical model, and the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran is used to establish the finite element model, and then the sensitivity matrix is integrated into the optical-mechanical model with the finite element analysis software MSC.Patran, and the control model is established through Matlab and the optical model is called The machine model is used to analyze the rigid body displacement of each mirror. The rigid body displacement of each mirror calculated by micro-vibration and precise image stabilization is added to the camera optical model to obtain the dynamic point spread function (PSF) of the optical system at different times.
步骤S6：将所述动态点扩散函数和所述静态点扩散函数进行叠加，生成总的点扩散函数，并进行像质评价。在该实施例中，像质评价的量化指标包括全视场平均波像差、能量集中度、角分辨率和点扩散函数椭率。Step S6: Superimpose the dynamic point spread function and the static point spread function to generate a total point spread function, and perform image quality evaluation. In this embodiment, the quantitative indicators for image quality evaluation include mean wave aberration of the entire field of view, energy concentration, angular resolution and point spread function ellipticity.
具体的实施过程为：通过MATLAB软件将步骤S4中得到的包含各种静态误差下的静态点扩散函数(PSF)与步骤S5中微振动与精密稳像工况下得到的动态点扩散函数(PSF)叠加，生成最后总的点扩散函数(PSF)。由于肉眼难以区分高分辨率成像中小量的公差变化对图像的影响，所以像质评价的量化指标也可作为全链路仿真的仿真结果。因此，需要在光学软件CODE V或Zemax中，得到像质评价指标全视场平均波像差、能量集中度、角分辨率、椭率，其中椭率是通过对得到的总的点扩散函数(PSF)(其采样数为2048*2048，采样间隔为0.4μm)以一定半径的圆为区域通过MATLAB计算得到。如图4所示，以全视场波像差为例的像质评价指标示意图。在图4中，X轴为物理空间X方向视场角(单位为度)，Y轴为物理空间Y方向视场角(单位为度)，表下方列出了全视场波像差(RMS)的最小值、最大值、平均值、标准方差值，均以波长为单位，其中，波长为632.8nm。The specific implementation process is as follows: the static point spread function (PSF) obtained in step S4 including various static errors and the dynamic point spread function (PSF) obtained in step S5 under the micro-vibration and precise image stabilization conditions are obtained through MATLAB software. ) are superimposed to generate the final total point spread function (PSF). Since it is difficult for the naked eye to distinguish the influence of a small amount of tolerance change on the image in high-resolution imaging, the quantitative index of image quality evaluation can also be used as the simulation result of the full-link simulation. Therefore, in the optical software CODE V or Zemax, the image quality evaluation indicators, mean wave aberration, energy concentration, angular resolution, and ellipticity of the entire field of view, are obtained. The ellipticity is the total point spread function obtained by pairing ( PSF) (its sampling number is 2048*2048, and the sampling interval is 0.4 μm) is calculated by MATLAB using a circle with a certain radius as an area. As shown in FIG. 4 , a schematic diagram of the image quality evaluation index taking the wave aberration of the full field of view as an example. In Figure 4, the X-axis is the field of view in the X-direction of the physical space (in degrees), the Y-axis is the field of view in the Y-direction of the physical space (in degrees), and the full field of view wave aberration (RMS) is listed below the table. ), the minimum value, maximum value, average value, and standard deviation value are all in wavelength, where the wavelength is 632.8 nm.
步骤S7：将所述总的点扩散函数与原始星图进行卷积运算，得到光学系统所成的最终图像。Step S7: Perform a convolution operation on the total point spread function and the original star map to obtain a final image formed by the optical system.
本发明实施例所提供的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法涵盖了光学、机械、热学、控制学、图像处理等多个学科，涉及到的内容包括相机光机结构、误差项模型、星图目标模型、微振动模型以及精密稳像模型，更全面地仿真整个物理过程。The simulation method of the optical remote sensing camera imaging full link provided by the embodiment of the present invention covers multiple disciplines such as optics, mechanics, thermals, control science, image processing, etc. Graphical target model, micro-vibration model and precise image stabilization model to simulate the entire physical process more comprehensively.
本发明实施例所提供的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法同时考虑了物理过程中静态误差项和动态误差项，从而使得仿真更加接近实际过程，对光学遥感相机的总体方案设计、指标分配、图像和数据的处理等具有重要的参考价值。The simulation method for the entire imaging link of an optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the present invention takes into account both the static error term and the dynamic error term in the physical process, so that the simulation is closer to the actual process, and the overall scheme design and index allocation of the optical remote sensing camera are , image and data processing has important reference value.
本发明实施例所提供的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法通过分析光学遥感相机成像环节中存在由于设计、制造、系统装调、在轨环境变化、稳像控制等因素引起的成像质量下降情况，能够有效地对任务进行预测和识别影响光学系统成像性能的关键因素。The simulation method for the entire imaging link of an optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the present invention analyzes that the imaging quality of the optical remote sensing camera is degraded due to factors such as design, manufacturing, system adjustment, changes in the on-orbit environment, and image stabilization control. It can effectively predict the task and identify the key factors that affect the imaging performance of the optical system.
本发明实施例所提供的光学遥感相机成像全链路的仿真方法是从系统层面上进行仿真的，可以优化和平衡各子系统的设计。The simulation method for the entire imaging link of the optical remote sensing camera provided by the embodiment of the present invention is simulated from the system level, and the design of each subsystem can be optimized and balanced.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., mean specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples, without conflicting each other.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Embodiments are subject to variations, modifications, substitutions and variations.
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