CN110987645A - Rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving stress concentration and soil extrusion problems - Google Patents
Rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving stress concentration and soil extrusion problems Download PDFInfo
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- CN110987645A CN110987645A CN201911383438.1A CN201911383438A CN110987645A CN 110987645 A CN110987645 A CN 110987645A CN 201911383438 A CN201911383438 A CN 201911383438A CN 110987645 A CN110987645 A CN 110987645A
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problems of stress concentration and soil extrusion, which comprises: the four rigid loading plates form an accommodating space with a rectangular cross section along four directions in a surrounding manner and are used for clamping rock and soil samples; a gap is reserved between each rigid loading plate and two rigid compensation plates at two ends; the rubber film is wrapped outside the rock-soil sample and the four rigid loading plates and used for packaging the rock-soil sample and the four rigid loading plates; the eight rigid compensation plates are used for sealing gaps between two adjacent rigid loading plates, and the rock-soil sample is in a sealed rectangular accommodating space; the four connecting pieces are used for transferring load to the rigid loading plate; the four loading pistons are used for applying loads to the rock-soil sample; and the four sealers play a role in sealing the rubber film. In the invention, a gap is reserved between two adjacent rigid loading plates, so that collision and interference at corners are avoided; the gap is sealed by the rigid compensation plate, so that the problems of soil extrusion and stress concentration are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a loading device in rock-soil mechanics, which is used for applying load during testing and testing the stress-strain intensity characteristic of a rock-soil sample under the action of three-dimensional stress, in particular to a rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problems of stress concentration and soil squeezing.
Background
Three-dimensional analysis problems are often encountered in geotechnical engineering. The design and experimental study of true triaxial apparatus has been an active and challenging research area. The stress-strain intensity characteristic of rock soil is generally measured by adopting a true triaxial system. True triaxial testing means that cubic geotechnical specimens are subjected to uniform pressure (or strain) in three directions (or three axial directions). The true triaxial test has important significance for measuring the stress-strain performance of rock and soil under the load action of three main directions.
The existing loading device for true triaxial test can be divided into the following 3 types: (1) a rigid loading mode; (2) a flexible loading mode; (3) mixed boundary loading mode. The most widely used method is a mixed boundary loading method which solves many limitations in pure rigid and pure flexible loading, but the system also has some defects, such as easy interference at corners, and possibly uneven distribution of soil mass extrusion, stress and strain if gaps exist between steel plates.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problems of stress concentration and soil squeezing.
The invention provides a rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problems of stress concentration and soil extrusion, which comprises:
the device comprises four rigid loading plates, a bearing plate and a bearing plate, wherein an accommodating space with a rectangular cross section is formed by enclosing along four directions, and the accommodating space is used for clamping rock soil samples; a gap is reserved between each rigid loading plate and the two rigid compensation plates at the two ends;
the rubber film is wrapped outside the geotechnical sample and the four rigid loading plates, and the geotechnical sample and the four rigid loading plates are encapsulated in the rubber film;
the eight rigid compensation plates are respectively fixedly connected to two ends of the four rigid loading plates, namely two ends of each rigid loading plate are respectively provided with one rigid compensation plate, and the rigid compensation plates can stretch along the direction fixed by the rigid loading plates fixedly connected with the rigid compensation plates and are used for sealing the gap between every two adjacent rigid loading plates, so that the rock and soil sample is always in a closed accommodating space;
the four connecting pieces are fixedly connected to the middle positions of the four rigid loading plates respectively and used for transferring load to the rigid loading plates;
the four loading pistons are respectively connected with the rigid loading plate through the connecting pieces and are used for applying loads to the rock-soil sample;
the four sealers are respectively sleeved on the four connecting pieces and used for clamping the rubber film between the four connecting pieces and the rigid loading plate, and the four sealers play a role in sealing the rubber film.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the four stress sensors are respectively fixedly connected to the four loading pistons and used for sensing the load of the loading device acting on the rock-soil sample.
Preferably, two of the rigid loading plates are located on the same central axis, the other two of the rigid loading plates are located on the same central axis, and the two central axes are perpendicular to each other.
Preferably, the four loading pistons are respectively vertically arranged with the rigid loading plate connected with the loading pistons, so that the load is transmitted to the rigid loading plate through the loading pistons, and the rigid loading plate moves along the direction in which the loading pistons are fixed.
Preferably, the loading device further comprises an air cylinder, and the expansion or contraction of the rigid compensation plates is controlled by the air cylinder, so that no gap exists between two adjacent rigid loading plates and the rigid loading plates are just contacted, and the geotechnical samples are ensured to be always in a closed accommodating space.
Preferably, the device further comprises a displacement sensor for sensing the strain of the geotechnical sample under the action of the load;
the rigid compensation plates are respectively connected with the displacement sensors, and the displacement of the rigid sliding plate fixedly connected with the rigid compensation plates is measured through the displacement sensors, so that the expansion and contraction of the compensation plates connected with the rigid compensation plates are controlled through the air cylinder.
Preferably, the rubber film is provided with an opening for penetrating the connecting piece.
Preferably, a thread is arranged at one end of the connecting piece close to the rigid loading plate, the sealer is sleeved on the connecting piece and can move up and down on the connecting piece along the thread to close the opening of the rubber film, so that the four rigid loading plates and the rock soil sample are completely sealed in the rubber film.
Preferably, the loading piston is driven by a motor system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the device, the stress is loaded by using the four rigid loading plates and the flexible film, so that the defect that only the rigid plates and only the flexible film are used for loading is overcome; in addition, a gap is reserved between two adjacent rigid loading plates, so that collision and interference at corners are avoided; and the telescopic rigid compensation plates are arranged at the two ends of each rigid loading plate to seal the gap, so that the problems of soil extrusion and stress concentration are solved.
In the device, the rigid loading plate and the rock-soil sample are wholly sealed in the accommodating space by the rubber film, and the rigid loading plate and the rock-soil sample are sealed by screwing the sealer. The comprehensive stress path test is realized by changing the position of the rubber film in the device, and in the composite true triaxial apparatus in the prior art, the rubber film is usually only wrapped on the rock soil sample, and then the rigid loading plate is arranged outside the rubber film, under the condition, the stress applied on the rock soil sample by the rigid loading plate in the horizontal direction is equal to the sum of the pressure chamber and the pressure of the rigid loading plate, and cannot be smaller than the pressure of the water in the confining pressure chamber, so that the test of any Lode angle of 0-360 degrees cannot be carried out. The device creatively designs the rubber thin film and the rigid loading plate, changes the application of the rubber thin film under the conventional condition, and brings completely different technical effects compared with the conventional condition, namely, the device can directly measure the pore water pressure by applying load through the loading piston connected with the rigid loading plate, can realize that the pressure of a soil sample in the direction is less than the water pressure in the confining pressure chamber during shearing, and can carry out any Lode angle test of 0-360 degrees.
Furthermore, the telescopic rigid compensation plate can be controlled by the air cylinder, and the displacement of the rigid sliding plate beside the telescopic rigid compensation plate is measured by the displacement sensor, so that the telescopic rigid compensation plate connected with the telescopic rigid compensation plate can be controlled by the air cylinder to be telescopic, no gap exists between each rigid loading plate, and the rigid loading plates are just in contact with each other, the structure is simple, and the sealing effect is good.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the structure of a true triaxial loading apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a partial front view of a true triaxial loading apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a partial side view of the true triaxial loading apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a partial top view of the true triaxial loading apparatus of the present invention;
the scores in the figure are indicated as: geotechnical sample 10, test chamber 20, loading device 30, rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304, rigid compensation plates 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, sealers 313, 314, 315, 316, connectors 317, 318, 319, 320, stress sensors 321, 322, 323, 324, loading pistons 325, 326, 327, 328, cylinder connectors 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the stress concentration and soil compaction problems according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the loading unit 30 is disposed inside the test chamber 20, and the test chamber 20 is a closed chamber filled with water. The loading device 30 comprises four rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304 and rubber membranes (not shown in the figure), the rock soil sample 10 and the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304 are encapsulated in a cube-shaped rubber membrane (not shown in the figure), and the rubber membranes are wrapped outside the rock soil sample 10 and the four rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304, so that the rock soil sample 10 and the four rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304 are enclosed in a sealed space formed by the rubber membranes.
Referring to fig. 1, the four rigid load plates 301, 302, 303, 304 include two vertical plates 302, 304 for applying a vertical direction load to the geotechnical specimen 10, and two horizontal plates 301, 303 for applying a horizontal direction load to the geotechnical specimen 10. The rigid loading plates 302 and 304 of the four rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304 are located on the same central axis, the rigid loading plates 301 and 303 are located on the same central axis, the two central axes are perpendicular to each other, and an accommodating space with a rectangular cross section is enclosed along four directions. The rock-soil sample 10 is held in the holding space, the rock-soil sample 10 applies load to the rock-soil sample through four rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304 held outside, and the remaining two directions are not provided with the rigid loading plates, but the flexible thin film wrapping the rock-soil sample 10 applies load in directions located at both sides perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
The loading device 30 further comprises four loading pistons 325, 326, 327, 328 acting on the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304, respectively, and four connections 317, 318, 319, 320 connecting the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304 and the loading pistons 325, 326, 327, 328 for transferring loads to the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304. The four loading pistons 325, 326, 327 and 328 are vertically arranged with the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304 connected thereto, respectively, so that the load is transmitted to the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304 through the loading pistons 325, 326, 327 and 328, and the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304 move along the direction in which the loading pistons 325, 326, 327 and 328 are fixed. The four rigid load plates 301, 302, 303, 304 are spaced apart from each other to avoid creating turbulence. The loading pistons 325, 326, 327, 328 are fixedly attached to the connecting members 317, 318, 319, 320, and the connecting members 317, 318, 319, 320 are fixedly attached to the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304 at intermediate locations. The load is transferred to the rigid load plates 301, 302, 303, 304 via the load pistons 325, 326, 327, 328, and the rigid load plates 301, 302, 303, 304 can only move in the direction in which the load pistons 325, 326, 327, 328 are fixed. The loading pistons 325, 326, 327, 328 may be driven by a motor system.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2a, 2b and 2c, the loading device 30 further includes eight rigid compensation plates 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, and two sides of each rigid loading plate 301, 302, 303, 304 are respectively and fixedly connected with one rigid compensation plate 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312. The rigid compensation plates 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312 respectively fixed on both sides of the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304 can extend or contract along the fixing direction of the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304 fixed with the rigid loading plates, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, whether extending or contracting, the rigid compensation plates 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312 and the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304 are located on the same plane, and the transverse direction of the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304 is changed, so as to close the gaps between the adjacent rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304, and solve the problems of soil compaction and stress concentration. In other words, the problem that the geotechnical samples 10 are extruded and deformed due to displacement of the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304 along the directions of the loading pistons 325, 326, 327 and 328 in the test process is solved.
The loading device 30 further includes four sealers 313, 314, 315, 316, as shown in fig. 1 and 2a, the sealers 313, 314, 315, 316 are annular, and the four sealers 313, 314, 315, 316 are respectively sleeved on four connecting members 317, 318, 319, 320, and are used for clamping the rubber film between the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304, so as to function as a sealing rubber film. The connection member 317, 318, 319, 320 is provided with a screw thread at one end thereof (i.e., at an end thereof located near the rigid load plate 301, 302, 303, 304), and the ring-shaped sealer 313, 314, 315, 316 is fitted over the connection member 317, 318, 319, 320, and the sealer 313, 314, 315, 316 can move up and down along the screw thread at the connection member 317, 318, 319, 320, so that the opening of the rubber thin film is closed by tightening the sealer 313, 314, 315, 316, thereby completely enclosing the rigid load plate 301, 302, 303, 304 and the soil sample 10 in the accommodation space.
In other preferred embodiments, four stress sensors 321, 322, 323, 324 are disposed inside the test chamber 20, and the four stress sensors 321, 322, 323, 324 are respectively fixed to the four loading pistons 325, 326, 327, 328, two of which are located in the horizontal loading direction and two of which are located in the vertical loading direction, in order to measure the load applied to each rigid loading plate 301, 302, 303, 304 by each loading piston 325, 326, 327, 328.
In addition, in order to measure the strain of the geotechnical specimen 10 under the load, a displacement sensor (not shown) is provided at each of the loading pistons 326 and 328 located in the vertical loading direction for measuring the displacement in the vertical direction. The loading pistons 325, 327, which are located in the horizontal loading direction, are also each provided with a displacement sensor (not shown) for measuring the displacement in the horizontal direction.
In other partially preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2a, the loading device 30 further includes a cylinder, and the cylinder controls the expansion or contraction of the rigid compensation plates 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, so that there is no gap and contact between two adjacent rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304, and it is ensured that the geotechnical specimen 10 is always in a closed accommodating space. Referring to fig. 1, cylinder connectors 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336 are provided on the rigid load plates 301, 302, 303, 304, respectively, for connecting the rigid compensation plates 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, respectively, to external cylinders.
The eight stiffness compensation plates 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312 are respectively connected with a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensors connected with the stiffness compensation plates 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312 can measure the displacement of the side stiffness loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304, so that the telescopic length of the stiffness compensation plates 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312 connected with the stiffness compensation plates can be controlled by air cylinders, for example, the stiffness loading plate 303 on the left side is displaced by 1mm, and the compensation plate 308 on the upper side contacted with the stiffness loading plate on the left side is correspondingly shortened by 1 mm. Therefore, no gap is formed between each rigid loading plate 301, 302, 303, 304, and the adjacent two compensation plates are just contacted, so that the rock soil sample 10 is always in a closed accommodating space.
In other preferred embodiments, the rubber membrane comprises a rectangular receiving cavity, and the rectangular receiving cavity is provided with an opening at the upper part for connecting the connecting pieces 317, 318, 319 and 320. The sealers 313, 314, 315, 316 are sleeved on the connectors 317, 318, 319, 320 and can move up and down on the connectors 317, 318, 319, 320 along the threads to close the openings of the rubber films, so that the four rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304 and the geotechnical samples 10 are completely sealed in the rubber films.
The loading device 30 of the present invention has the beneficial effects that the four rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303, 304 and the flexible thin film are used for loading stress, so that the defect of only using the rigid plates and only using the flexible thin film for loading is overcome. In addition, gaps are reserved between two adjacent rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304, collision and interference at corners are avoided, and the gaps are sealed by introducing a telescopic compensation plate controlled by a displacement sensor and a cylinder, so that the problems of soil squeezing and stress concentration are solved. Meanwhile, the loading device 30 designed by the invention skillfully designs the rubber film on the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304, applies loads through the loading pistons 325, 326, 327 and 328 connected with the rigid loading plates 301, 302, 303 and 304, can directly measure pore water pressure, can realize that the pressure of the soil sample in the direction is less than the water pressure in the confining pressure chamber during shearing, and can perform any Lode angle test of 0-360 degrees.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a solve stress concentration and crowded real triaxial loading device of rigid-flexible complex of soil problem which characterized in that includes:
the device comprises four rigid loading plates, a bearing plate and a bearing plate, wherein an accommodating space with a rectangular cross section is formed by enclosing along four directions, and the accommodating space is used for clamping rock soil samples; a gap is reserved between each rigid loading plate and the two rigid compensation plates at the two ends;
the rubber film is wrapped outside the geotechnical sample and the four rigid loading plates, and the geotechnical sample and the four rigid loading plates are encapsulated in the rubber film;
the eight rigid compensation plates are respectively fixedly connected to two ends of the four rigid loading plates, namely two ends of each rigid loading plate are respectively provided with one rigid compensation plate, and the rigid compensation plates can stretch along the direction fixed by the rigid loading plates fixedly connected with the rigid compensation plates and are used for sealing the gap between every two adjacent rigid loading plates, so that the rock and soil sample is always in a closed accommodating space;
the four connecting pieces are fixedly connected to the middle positions of the four rigid loading plates respectively and used for transferring load to the rigid loading plates;
the four loading pistons are respectively connected with the rigid loading plate through the connecting pieces and are used for applying loads to the rock-soil sample;
the four sealers are respectively sleeved on the four connecting pieces and used for clamping the rubber film between the four connecting pieces and the rigid loading plate, and the four sealers play a role in sealing the rubber film.
2. The rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problem of stress concentration and soil compaction according to claim 1, further comprising:
the four stress sensors are respectively fixedly connected to the four loading pistons and used for sensing the load of the loading device acting on the rock-soil sample.
3. The rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the stress concentration and soil compaction problems of claim 1, wherein two of the four rigid loading plates are located on a same central axis, and the other two rigid loading plates are located on a same central axis, and the two central axes are perpendicular to each other.
4. The rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problem of stress concentration and soil compaction according to claim 1, wherein four loading pistons are respectively vertically arranged with the rigid loading plates connected thereto, so that the load is transmitted to the rigid loading plates through the loading pistons, and the rigid loading plates move along the direction in which the loading pistons are fixed.
5. The rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problem of stress concentration and soil compaction according to claim 1, wherein the loading device further comprises a cylinder, and the cylinder controls the elongation or contraction of the rigid compensation plates, so that no gap exists between two adjacent rigid loading plates and the rigid loading plates are just in contact with each other, and the rock and soil sample is ensured to be always in a closed accommodating space.
6. The rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problem of stress concentration and soil extrusion according to claim 5, further comprising a displacement sensor for sensing the strain of the geotechnical sample under the action of a load;
the rigid compensation plates are respectively connected with the displacement sensors, and the displacement of the rigid sliding plate fixedly connected with the rigid compensation plates is measured through the displacement sensors, so that the rigid compensation plates connected with the rigid compensation plates are controlled to stretch and contract through the air cylinders.
7. The rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problem of stress concentration and soil extrusion according to claim 1, wherein the rubber film is provided with an opening for penetrating the connecting piece.
8. The rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problem of stress concentration and soil squeezing according to claim 7, wherein a thread is disposed at one end of the connecting member near the rigid loading plate, and the sealer is sleeved on the connecting member and can move up and down on the connecting member along the thread to close the opening of the rubber membrane, so that the four rigid loading plates and the soil and rock sample are entirely enclosed in the rubber membrane.
9. The rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving the problem of stress concentration and soil compaction according to claim 1, wherein the loading piston is driven by a motor system.
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| CN201911383438.1A CN110987645A (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | Rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving stress concentration and soil extrusion problems |
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| CN201911383438.1A CN110987645A (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | Rigid-flexible composite true triaxial loading device for solving stress concentration and soil extrusion problems |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112014228A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Rigid-flexible type true triaxial grouting seepage coupling test device and method for CT scanning |
| CN115628989A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-01-20 | 东北大学 | True triaxial rigid-flexible mixed loading device capable of realizing deep well filling material forming |
-
2019
- 2019-12-27 CN CN201911383438.1A patent/CN110987645A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112014228A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Rigid-flexible type true triaxial grouting seepage coupling test device and method for CT scanning |
| CN115628989A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-01-20 | 东北大学 | True triaxial rigid-flexible mixed loading device capable of realizing deep well filling material forming |
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