CN110987256A - Mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110987256A
CN110987256A CN202010004443.3A CN202010004443A CN110987256A CN 110987256 A CN110987256 A CN 110987256A CN 202010004443 A CN202010004443 A CN 202010004443A CN 110987256 A CN110987256 A CN 110987256A
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optical fiber
shell
fiber
mold
bare
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周会娟
余尚江
陈晋央
曹艳迪
张文敏
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Institute of Engineering Protection National Defense Engineering Research Institute Academy of Military Sciences of PLA
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Institute of Engineering Protection National Defense Engineering Research Institute Academy of Military Sciences of PLA
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
    • G01L1/246Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the sensor comprises the following components: the armored optical cable is arranged at the inlet end of the shell, and one end of the armored optical cable is connected with the bare optical fiber; the shell is made of a mixture of epoxy resin and sand, and an axial mounting hole is formed in the center of the end of the shell; and the fiber core in the middle of the bare fiber is also provided with a fiber grating. The material proportion of the stress sensor shell manufactured by the invention can be flexibly allocated according to the field rock and soil conditions, so that the manufactured stress sensor is matched with the physical parameters of the field rock and soil medium, and the measurement error can be reduced; the fiber bragg grating is used as a core sensitive element, and the shell and the optical cable are integrally packaged, so that the sensor is high in anti-interference capability, high in precision, firm in structure, high in survival rate and good in durability when being buried in severe environments such as concrete.

Description

Mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensing, and particularly relates to a mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Concrete is an engineering composite material widely applied, and is always the most basic building material and the main protective material in national defense and civil air defense engineering due to convenient construction and low price. The performance of concrete and concrete materials under the action of impact load is indispensable for researching the safety requirements under extreme conditions such as earthquake, sudden impact or explosion, and the distribution of internal stress of a structural member under the action of load is required to be known when the impact or anti-explosion performance of the concrete is researched. At present, with the development of hard target penetration weapons, penetration mechanism studies and penetration blast effect studies of earth-boring weapons also require measurement of impact stress within concrete target panels or structures to provide necessary data for penetration weapons and performance improvements and the study of protective materials and structures. In addition, the test of the explosion impact stress wave in materials such as concrete or rock is very meaningful for the research of the mechanism of blasting and breaking rock.
Because the mechanical parameter test in the concrete material is always carried out under the severe environment condition, firstly, the concrete is in a high-water high-alkali environment in the pouring process, the performance of the embedded common electronic sensor is easy to reduce, the stability and the durability are poor, and the survival rate is low; secondly, the dynamic test is always accompanied by strong impact and destructiveness, which has high requirements on the sensor; moreover, strong electromagnetic interference generated by gunpowder explosion has great influence on the sensor in tests such as weapon explosion, battlefield damage evaluation and the like, and even influences the correctness of the measurement result; moreover, in these tests, the distance that the signal needs to be transmitted is usually long, and the weak signal output by the sensor causes serious attenuation and introduces interference again, which results in the reduction of the measurement accuracy. Furthermore, when measuring stress strain in a concrete structure, the embedded sensor displaces a portion of the concrete in the structure, and when performing dynamic measurements, in order to eliminate the errors caused by the embedding of the sensor, it is theoretically required that the sensor should have the same density and wave velocity as the surrounding dielectric material, but in practice the sensor cannot be exactly the same as the measured dielectric. In order to reduce the measurement error, when selecting the sensor packaging material, the property of the packaging material is considered to be close to the measured medium.
In recent years, researchers propose that bare fiber gratings can be directly used as strain sensors, but in order to be applied to severe environments of protective engineering, particularly to realize sensing of physical quantities such as strain in a concrete structure, the fiber gratings need to be embedded in the concrete structure. The main problem of embedding is how to protect the grating in the process of embedding the grating, so as to ensure the survival rate of the grating, and meanwhile, the position of the optical fiber on a concrete member must meet the requirement of parameter testing. The diameter of the optical fiber is very small, and the optical fiber Bragg grating is manufactured on the single-mode quartz optical fiber with the coating layer removed, so that the optical fiber Bragg grating is particularly fragile, has poor shearing resistance and is easy to break, and is difficult to adapt to the severe environment of construction sites such as mechanical vibration, concrete turning and the like in the pouring process of concrete. In order to overcome the above difficulties, various methods have been proposed, and in practical use, the method mainly adopts a packaging mode, that is, the grating is packaged in a material with a certain structure, and then the sensor formed after packaging is embedded in a concrete structure for use. At present, the packaging modes commonly adopted in civil engineering application are metal tube type packaging, steel column type packaging and steel sheet type packaging, the materials of the packaging structures are all metal steel materials, and the difference between the steel materials and concrete materials in the aspects of mechanical properties such as density, elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, rigidity and the like is large, so that the measurement error is large for the measurement of dynamic strain in a medium, particularly high-speed dynamic strain. Therefore, appropriate encapsulating materials and structures must be selected to enable testing of dynamic stress strains within concrete structures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor and a manufacturing method thereof, and the mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor has the advantages of good compatibility, small matching error, high testing precision, strong environmental adaptability and the like.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor comprises an armored optical cable, a shell and a bare optical fiber, wherein the bare optical fiber is arranged on an axial line in the shell and is parallel to the axial direction of the shell; the shell is made of a mixture of epoxy resin and sand, and an axial mounting hole is formed in the center of the end of the shell; the fiber core in the middle of the bare fiber is also provided with a fiber grating, and the bare fiber is arranged in the shell through the mounting hole.
The shell manufacturing material sand and the epoxy resin are proportioned according to the weight, and the proportion range of the sand to the epoxy resin is 5: 1-8: 1.
the fiber bragg grating is a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) manufactured on a bare fiber.
The end face of the tail end of the shell is a pressure-sensitive face.
The sand is standard sand or carborundum.
The invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor, which comprises the following manufacturing process steps:
step 1: preparing a mold
According to the size of the sensor to be manufactured, a section of cylindrical die (such as a PVC pipe) is selected, the upper plane and the lower plane of the cylindrical die are cut flatly and are perpendicular to the axial direction, the length of the cylinder is the same as that of the sensor, and the inner diameter of the cylinder is the same as the outer diameter of the sensor.
Step 2: determining the material selection and proportion
According to the density and the elastic modulus of the rock-soil medium to be measured, the types of the epoxy resin and the sand are selected and are matched according to the weight, so that the manufactured stress sensor is matched with the physical parameters of the rock-soil medium on site.
And step 3: making sensor housing
Preparing two circular baffles with the same diameter as the cylindrical mold, respectively, drilling a small hole in the center of the bottom baffle, bonding the bottom baffle at the bottom of the cylindrical mold, firmly fixing, loading the shell material prepared in the step (2) into the mold, tamping, flattening the top, and drilling the center of the top baffle, wherein the diameter of the drilled hole is the same as that of the armored optical cable.
And 4, step 4: threading and fixing the optical fiber
Preparing a vertical thin iron wire, wherein the diameter of the thin iron wire can just penetrate through a small hole on a baffle plate at the bottom of the mold, the length of the thin iron wire is at least 2cm larger than the height of the mold, the thin iron wire penetrates into the sensor shell prepared in the step (3) from the small hole at the center of the baffle plate at the bottom and is exposed out from the top by about 1cm, an optical fiber with an armored optical cable and a bare optical fiber at the other end is prepared, an optical fiber grating is arranged in the middle of the bare optical fiber, the bare optical fiber penetrates into the baffle plate at the top prepared in the step (3) until the baffle plate at the top reaches the armored optical cable part, the head of the bare optical fiber is adhered to the end, exposed out of the top of the mold, of the thin iron wire by using quick-drying adhesive, the thin iron wire exposed out of the bottom of the mold is pulled to drive the bare optical fiber to penetrate into the mold and penetrate through the, the mold is vertically placed, the armored optical cable outside the top of the mold is fixed on a cross rod of an operation frame, the mold is perpendicular to the cross rod, a thin iron wire outside the bottom of the mold is detached, the bare optical fiber is fixedly connected with the balance weight, and the balance weight applies certain prestress to the fiber bragg grating, so that the fiber bragg grating is perpendicular to the sensor shell.
And 5: solidification form removal
And after 24 hours at room temperature, after the mortar in the cylindrical mold is solidified, respectively removing the top baffle, the bottom baffle, the outer cylindrical mold and the balance weight. And finally, connecting the joint of the armored optical cable at the outer end of the sensor shell with an optical fiber sensing demodulator to implement measurement.
By implementing the invention, good use effect is achieved: the material proportion for manufacturing the stress sensor shell can be flexibly allocated according to field rock and soil conditions, so that the manufactured stress sensor is matched with the physical parameters of field rock and soil media, and the measurement error can be reduced; the fiber bragg grating is used as a core sensitive element, and the shell and the optical cable are integrally packaged, so that the sensor is high in anti-interference capability and precision, high in survival rate and good in durability when being buried in severe environments such as concrete.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fabrication of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. armored optical cable, 2, shell, 3, bare fiber, 4, fiber grating, 5, fiber sensing demodulator, 6, balance weight, 7 and cross frame.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor and a manufacturing method thereof, and the sensor has the advantages of good compatibility, small matching error, high testing precision, firm structure, strong environmental adaptability and the like.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor comprises an armored optical cable 1, a shell 2 and a bare fiber 3, wherein the bare fiber 3 is arranged on an inner central axis of the shell 2 and is parallel to the axial direction of the shell 2, the armored optical cable 1 is arranged at an inlet end of the shell 2, one end of the armored optical cable 1 is connected with the bare fiber 3, and the other end of the armored optical cable 1 is connected with an optical fiber sensing demodulator 5 and used for converting a concrete stress value after data is transmitted to the optical fiber sensing demodulator 5; the shell 2 is made of a mixture of epoxy resin and sand, and an axial mounting hole is formed in the center of the end of the shell 2; the fiber core in the middle of the bare fiber 3 is also provided with a fiber grating 4, and the bare fiber 3 is arranged in the shell 2 through the mounting hole; the shell 2 is prepared from sand and epoxy resin according to the weight ratio of 5: 1-8: 1, the ratio is 7:1 in the embodiment; the fiber bragg grating 4 is a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) manufactured on the bare fiber 3, and the fiber bragg grating 4 enables the sensor to have the excellent characteristics of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance and water resistance, and can be used in severe environments; the end face of the tail end of the shell 2 is a pressure sensing face, and when the measured concrete is subjected to stress deformation, deformation is transmitted to the fiber bragg grating 4 in the shell 2 through the pressure sensing face of the end face of the shell 2; the sand is standard sand or carborundum.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 2, the manufacturing method of the mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor includes:
step 1: preparing a mold
According to the size of the sensor to be manufactured, a section of cylindrical die (such as a PVC pipe) is selected, the upper plane and the lower plane of the cylindrical die are cut flatly and are perpendicular to the axial direction, the length of the cylinder is the same as that of the sensor, and the inner diameter of the cylinder is the same as the outer diameter of the sensor.
Step 2: determining the material selection and proportion
According to the density and the elastic modulus of the rock-soil medium to be measured, the types of the epoxy resin and the sand are selected and are matched according to the weight, so that the manufactured stress sensor is matched with the physical parameters of the rock-soil medium on site.
And step 3: making sensor housing
Preparing two circular baffles with the same diameter as the cylindrical mold, respectively, drilling a small hole in the center of the bottom baffle, bonding the bottom baffle at the bottom of the cylindrical mold, firmly fixing, loading the shell material prepared in the step (2) into the mold, tamping, flattening the top, and drilling the center of the top baffle, wherein the diameter of the drilled hole is the same as that of the armored optical cable.
And 4, step 4: threading and fixing the optical fiber
Preparing a vertical thin iron wire, wherein the diameter of the thin iron wire can just penetrate through a small hole on a baffle plate at the bottom of the mold, the length of the thin iron wire is at least 2cm larger than the height of the mold, the thin iron wire penetrates into the sensor shell prepared in the step (3) from the small hole at the center of the baffle plate at the bottom and is exposed out from the top by about 1cm, an optical fiber with an armored optical cable and a bare optical fiber at the other end is prepared, an optical fiber grating is arranged in the middle of the bare optical fiber, the bare optical fiber penetrates into the baffle plate at the top prepared in the step (3) until the baffle plate at the top reaches the armored optical cable part, the head of the bare optical fiber is adhered to the end, exposed out of the top of the mold, of the thin iron wire by using quick-drying adhesive, the thin iron wire exposed out of the bottom of the mold is pulled to drive the bare optical fiber to penetrate into the mold and penetrate through the, the mold is vertically placed, the armored optical cable outside the top of the mold is fixed on a cross rod of an operation frame, the mold is perpendicular to the cross rod, a thin iron wire outside the bottom of the mold is detached, the bare optical fiber is fixedly connected with the balance weight, and the balance weight applies certain prestress to the fiber bragg grating, so that the fiber bragg grating is perpendicular to the sensor shell.
And 5: solidification form removal
And after 24 hours at room temperature, after the mortar in the cylindrical mold is solidified, respectively removing the top baffle, the bottom baffle, the outer cylindrical mold and the balance weight. And finally, connecting the joint of the armored optical cable at the outer end of the sensor shell with an optical fiber sensing demodulator to implement measurement.
The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a mortar formula fiber concrete stress sensor, includes armor optical cable (1), casing (2) and bare fiber (3), characterized by: the bare fiber (3) is arranged on an axial line in the shell (2) and is parallel to the axial direction of the shell (2), the armored optical cable (1) is arranged at the inlet end of the shell (2), and one end of the armored optical cable (1) is connected with the bare fiber (3); the shell (2) is made of a mixture of epoxy resin and sand, and an axial mounting hole is formed in the center of the end of the shell (2); the fiber core in the middle of the bare fiber (3) is also provided with a fiber grating (4), and the bare fiber (3) is arranged in the shell through the mounting hole.
2. The mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor according to claim 1, wherein:
the shell (2) is prepared from sand and epoxy resin according to the weight ratio of 5: 1-8: 1.
3. The mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber grating (4) is an optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) manufactured on the bare fiber (3).
4. The mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the end face of the tail end of the shell (2) is a pressure-sensitive face.
5. The mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the sand is standard sand or carborundum.
6. A method for manufacturing a mortar-type optical fiber concrete stress sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
step 1: preparing a mold
Selecting a section of cylindrical die (such as a PVC pipe) according to the size of a sensor to be manufactured, cutting the upper plane and the lower plane of the cylindrical die to be flat and perpendicular to the axial direction, wherein the length of the cylinder is the same as that of the sensor, and the inner diameter of the cylinder is the same as the outer diameter of the sensor;
step 2: determining the material selection and proportion
Selecting the types of epoxy resin and sand according to the density and the elastic modulus of the rock-soil medium to be measured, and proportioning the epoxy resin and the sand according to weight so that the manufactured stress sensor is matched with the physical parameters of the rock-soil medium on site;
and step 3: making sensor housing
Preparing two circular baffles with the same diameter as the cylindrical mold, drilling a small hole in the center of the bottom baffle, bonding the bottom baffle to the bottom of the cylindrical mold, fixing firmly, loading the shell material prepared in the step (2) into the mold, tamping, flattening the top, and drilling the center of the top baffle, wherein the diameter of the drilled hole is the same as that of the armored optical cable;
and 4, step 4: threading and fixing the optical fiber
Preparing a vertical thin iron wire, wherein the diameter of the thin iron wire can just penetrate through a small hole on a baffle plate at the bottom of the mold, the length of the thin iron wire is at least 2cm larger than the height of the mold, the thin iron wire penetrates into the sensor shell prepared in the step (3) from the small hole at the center of the baffle plate at the bottom and is exposed out from the top by about 1cm, an optical fiber with an armored optical cable and a bare optical fiber at the other end is prepared, an optical fiber grating is arranged in the middle of the bare optical fiber, the bare optical fiber penetrates into the baffle plate at the top prepared in the step (3) until the baffle plate at the top reaches the armored optical cable part, the head of the bare optical fiber is adhered to the end, exposed out of the top of the mold, of the thin iron wire by using quick-drying adhesive, the thin iron wire exposed out of the bottom of the mold is pulled to drive the bare optical fiber to penetrate into the mold and penetrate through the, vertically placing a mold, fixing the armored optical cable outside the top of the mold on a cross bar of an operation frame to enable the mold to be perpendicular to the cross bar, then removing a thin iron wire outside the bottom of the mold, fixedly connecting the bare optical fiber with a counterweight, and applying a certain prestress to the fiber bragg grating by the counterweight to enable the fiber bragg grating to be perpendicular to the sensor shell;
and 5: solidification form removal
After 24 hours at room temperature, after the mortar in the cylindrical mold is solidified, respectively removing the top baffle, the bottom baffle, the outer cylindrical mold and the balance weight;
and finally, connecting the joint of the armored optical cable at the outer end of the sensor shell with an optical fiber sensing demodulator to implement measurement.
CN202010004443.3A 2020-01-03 2020-01-03 Mortar type optical fiber concrete stress sensor and manufacturing method thereof Pending CN110987256A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113866025A (en) * 2021-09-27 2021-12-31 辽宁工程技术大学 Method for testing dynamic strain in original rock

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113866025A (en) * 2021-09-27 2021-12-31 辽宁工程技术大学 Method for testing dynamic strain in original rock
CN113866025B (en) * 2021-09-27 2024-02-23 辽宁工程技术大学 Method for testing dynamic strain in original rock

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