CN114152371A - Underground stress field measuring device and method based on distributed spiral armored optical cable - Google Patents
Underground stress field measuring device and method based on distributed spiral armored optical cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114152371A CN114152371A CN202111478355.8A CN202111478355A CN114152371A CN 114152371 A CN114152371 A CN 114152371A CN 202111478355 A CN202111478355 A CN 202111478355A CN 114152371 A CN114152371 A CN 114152371A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- resistant
- stress
- optical cable
- temperature
- underground
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS(O)(=O)=O TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 100
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
Abstract
The invention provides an underground stress field measuring device and method based on a distributed spiral armored optical cable. The method can lay the stress and temperature sensing armored optical cable from the bottom to the top of the well at one time, quickly, accurately and reliably measure the three-dimensional ground stress field of the rock around the whole well section well, and provide powerful support for the whole well section ground stress field data for the implementation scheme of the underground engineering. The optimized perforation position and the fracturing section of the underground casing are designed according to the distribution characteristics of the underground stress field along the well track, the well section with over-concentrated ground stress and easy damage to the casing is avoided, and the economic loss of oil-gas field development is reduced. The long-term stable, safe and reliable work of the oil and gas production well, the water injection well and the monitoring or observing well can be effectively ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement of an underground stress field, and particularly relates to an underground stress field measuring device and method based on a distributed spiral armored optical cable.
Background
The optical fiber sensing technology started in 1977 and developed rapidly along with the development of the optical fiber communication technology, and the optical fiber sensing technology is an important mark for measuring the informatization degree of a country. The optical fiber sensing technology is widely applied to the fields of military affairs, national defense, aerospace, industrial and mining enterprises, energy environmental protection, industrial control, medicine and health, metering test, building, household appliances and the like, and has a wide market. There are hundreds of fiber sensing technologies in the world, and physical quantities such as temperature, stress, flow, displacement, vibration, rotation, bending, liquid level, speed, acceleration, sound field, current, voltage, magnetic field, radiation and the like realize sensing with different performances.
The downhole optical fiber sensing system can be used downhole to make measurements of stress, strain, stress, temperature, noise, vibration, acoustic, seismic, flow, compositional analysis, electric and magnetic fields. The system is based on a full armored spiral armored optical cable structure, and the sensor, the connecting cable and the data transmission cable are all made of armored spiral optical fibers.
At present, the measurement methods of the ground stress are more, and comprise direct measurement methods such as a hydraulic fracturing method, an acoustic emission method and a drilling collapse method, and indirect measurement methods such as a sleeve core stress relieving method and a strain recovery method.
The direct measurement method is to measure and record various stress values, such as compensating stress, restoring stress and balancing stress, directly by a measuring instrument, and obtain the stress value of the original rock through calculation according to the mutual relation between the stress values and the stress of the original rock. The calculation process does not involve the conversion of different physical quantities, and the physical mechanical property and stress-strain relation of the rock do not need to be known.
The indirect measurement method is not a direct measurement of the stress amount, but measures and records some indirect physical quantity changes related to the stress in the rock mass, such as deformation or strain in the rock mass, changes in density, permeability, water absorption, resistance, capacitance of the rock mass, changes in propagation velocity of elastic waves and the like, by means of some sensing elements or some mediums, and then calculates the stress value in the rock mass by a known theoretical formula or empirical formula from the measured indirect physical quantity changes. Thus, in indirect measurement, in order to calculate the stress value, it is first necessary to determine certain physical-mechanical properties of the rock mass and the correlation of the measured physical quantity with the stress.
Although the straight armored strain sensitive optical cable arranged outside the casing can measure the ground stress value or ground strain value of each point along the casing, the direction or the direction of a ground stress field of the point cannot be measured, whether the extending direction of the horizontal well is orthogonal to the underground maximum main stress direction or intersected with a large angle cannot be known, the optimal design of a perforation position and a fracturing well section cannot be carried out, and the local casing damage of the underground casing cannot be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for continuously measuring and monitoring the magnitude and the direction of a ground stress field distributed along an armored spiral armored optical cable in real time by using a metal sleeve which is installed in a drill hole and the armored spiral armored optical cable which is arranged outside the metal sleeve.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing underground stress field measurement technology, provides a measuring system which lays an armored spiral armored optical cable on the outer wall of a metal sleeve and is based on the distribution type optical fiber sensing and is used for three-dimensional underground stress field distribution change of an underground rock stratum, monitors and measures the damage or damage of the underground stress field to the underground sleeve and various underground tools and pipelines in real time for a long time, and provides an indispensable means, a system and a method for ensuring the long-term stable, safe and reliable work of an oil-gas production well, a water injection well and a monitoring or observation well.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the underground stress measuring device based on distributed optical fiber sensing comprises a metal sleeve arranged in a drill hole, wherein a spiral armored optical cable is fixedly arranged outside the metal sleeve; the spiral armored optical cable comprises more than one high-temperature-resistant hydrogen loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable and more than two high-temperature-resistant hydrogen loss-resistant multimode optical fibers;
the cable also comprises a DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument arranged near the wellhead, wherein one DSS signal port and two DTS signal ports of the DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument are respectively connected with the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable and the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber in the spiral armored optical cable.
The DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument is a distributed optical fiber stress sensing DSS and a distributed optical fiber temperature sensing DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument and comprises a data acquisition module and a modulation and demodulation module.
The high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable is internally provided with a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant single-mode or high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant special stress-sensitive optical fiber, and the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable and the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber are respectively packaged in the continuous first metal thin tube and the continuous second metal thin tube.
The high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable is internally provided with a single-mode stress-sensitive optical fiber or a high-density continuous grating optical fiber with the space less than 1 meter.
And single-layer or multi-layer protective metal thin tubes and/or armor steel wires are wound outside the first metal thin tubes and the second metal thin tubes.
The high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable is tightly wrapped by a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant high-strength composite material or a single-mode stress-sensitive optical fiber wrapped by an injection molding machine in a one-step forming mode or manufactured by a high-density continuous grating optical fiber, is tightly attached to the wall and sealed in the first metal thin tube, and an extinction device is installed at the tail end of the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable. And high-temperature-resistant optical fiber paste is also arranged in the second metal thin tube.
The tail ends of the two high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fibers in the second metal thin tube are welded into a U shape and are used for being connected to two end signal input ports of two DTS signals of a DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument.
The spiral armored optical cable is prefabricated into a spiral armored optical cable wound according to a certain angle, and is sleeved outside the metal sleeve when going into a well. The helical armored cable is wound at an angle of between 30 and 60 degrees.
The measuring method of the underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) sleeving a metal sleeve into the spiral armored optical cable near the wellhead, and then synchronously and slowly putting the metal sleeve and the spiral armored optical cable into the drilled drill hole;
(2) the annular metal clip is arranged at the joint of the two metal casing pipes at the wellhead to fix and protect the spiral armored optical cable from moving and/or being damaged in the casing pipe descending process;
(3) pumping cement slurry from the well bottom by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head from the well bottom along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal casing and the drill hole, and permanently fixing the metal casing, the spiral armored optical cable and the stratum rock together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(4) respectively connecting a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable and a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber in the spiral armored optical cable to DSS and DTS signal input ends of a DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument at a wellhead;
(5) and (3) monitoring and measuring the stress field change and the temperature change outside the metal casing pipe of the whole well section in real time by using the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress sensitive optical cable, the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber and the DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument.
(6) According to the monitored and measured temperature change data in the metal casing external stress measurement well section, the spectral drift delta lambda similar to resonance wave or the spectral drift delta upsilon of Bragg grating is obtained through the response of the strain epsilon or the temperature t, and the formula is utilized:
Δλ/λ＝-Δυ/υ＝KTΔt+Kεε
wherein λ and υ are average light wavelength and frequency respectively; kTAnd KεTemperature and strain standard constants, respectively;
correcting DSS measured data by using temperature value of a specific measurement position to perform scattered light spectrum drift in the optical fiber caused by temperature change, and obtaining a true stress value in the metal casing extra-local stress measurement well section with temperature influence eliminated;
(7) drawing an underground stress field three-dimensional distribution diagram of each underground depth and each underground direction according to the depth position and the azimuth angle of the spiral armored optical cable outside the metal sleeve by using the stress values distributed along the spiral armored optical cable in the whole well section after temperature correction, and obtaining the distribution change characteristics of the underground stress field along the well track;
(8) the method comprises the steps of establishing an underground three-dimensional stress field model according to underground stress three-dimensional distribution maps of various depths and various directions distributed along a well track, projecting the well track into the underground three-dimensional stress field model, designing an optimized perforation position and a fracturing section of an underground metal casing according to the distribution characteristics of the underground stress field along the well track, avoiding the well section with over-concentrated ground stress and easy casing damage, reducing the economic loss of oil-gas field development, analyzing whether the underground maximum main stress direction is orthogonal or intersected with a large angle of a horizontal well, and using the result for optimizing and selecting the direction of a newly drilled horizontal well.
The invention provides an underground stress measuring device and a measuring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing, which are a method and a technology for measuring and monitoring dynamic change of underground stress distribution change in a full well section rock stratum with low cost, high precision and high reliability. The invention provides an underground stress measuring device based on distributed optical fiber sensing, which is formed by a metal sleeve installed in a drilled hole, a spiral armored optical cable arranged on the outer wall of the metal sleeve and a distributed optical fiber stress sensing/distributed optical fiber temperature sensing (DPS/DTS) composite modulation and demodulation instrument arranged near a well head, and measures three-dimensional ground stress fields with different depths point by point along a well shaft. And the optimized perforation position and the fracturing section of the underground casing are designed according to the distribution characteristics of the underground stress field along the well track, so that the well section with over-concentrated ground stress and easy damage to the casing is avoided, and the economic loss of oil-gas field development is reduced. The long-term stable, safe and reliable work of an oil and gas production well, a water injection well and a monitoring or observation well can be effectively ensured, and indispensable means, systems and methods are provided for scientific management and recovery efficiency improvement of oil and gas reservoirs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure (cross section) of the armored fiber optic cable of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the metal sleeve and armored cable of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary, and the advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood and appreciated by way of illustration.
The invention relates to a specific implementation mode of a system for monitoring the ground stress distribution of a downhole rock stratum based on distributed optical fiber sensing, which is shown in figure 1:
the underground stress measuring device based on distributed optical fiber sensing comprises a metal sleeve 2 arranged in a drill hole 1, wherein a spiral armored optical cable 3 is fixedly distributed outside the metal sleeve 2; the spiral armored optical cable 3 comprises at least more than one high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable 4 and at least more than two high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fibers 5;
the cable also comprises a DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 6 which is arranged near a well mouth, wherein one DSS signal port and two DTS signal ports of the DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 6 are respectively connected with the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable 4 and the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber 5 in the spiral armored optical cable 3.
The DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 6 is a distributed optical fiber stress sensing DSS and a distributed optical fiber temperature sensing DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument, and comprises a data acquisition module and a modulation and demodulation module.
The high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable 4 is internally provided with a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant single-mode or high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant special stress-sensitive optical fiber, and the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable 4 and the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber 5 are respectively packaged in the continuous first metal tubule 41 and the continuous second metal tubule 51 (figure 2).
The high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable 4 is internally provided with a single-mode stress-sensitive optical fiber or a high-density continuous grating optical fiber with the space less than 1 meter. The first metal tubule 41 and the second metal tubule 51 are wound with single-layer or multi-layer protective metal tubules and/or armoured steel wires.
As shown in fig. 2, a high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant stress-sensitive optical cable 4 made of a single-mode stress-sensitive optical fiber or a high-density continuous grating optical fiber tightly wrapped with a high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant high-strength composite material or wrapped in one-step molding by an injection molding machine is arranged in the first metal thin tube 41, the high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant stress-sensitive optical cable is tightly sealed in the first metal thin tube 41 in an adherent manner, and an extinction device 7 is arranged at the tail end of the high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant stress-sensitive optical cable 4. The second metal tubule 51 is also provided with high temperature resistant optical fiber paste. The two high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant multimode optical fibers 5 in the second metal thin tube 51 have tail ends welded into a U shape, and are used for being connected to two end signal input ports of two DTS signals of the DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 6.
As shown in fig. 3, the spiral armored optical cable 3 is a spiral armored optical cable which is prefabricated to be wound according to a certain angle, and is sleeved outside the metal sleeve when going down the well. The helical armored cable 3 is wound at an angle of 30-60 degrees.
The measuring method of the underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a) sleeving a metal sleeve 2 into a spiral armored optical cable 3 near a wellhead, and then synchronously and slowly putting the metal sleeve 2 and the spiral armored optical cable 3 into a drilled drill hole 1;
(b) the annular metal clip 8 is arranged at the joint of the two metal sleeves 2 at the wellhead to fix and protect the spiral armored optical cable 3 from moving and/or being damaged in the casing running process;
(c) pumping cement slurry from the bottom of the well by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the wellhead from the bottom of the well along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal casing 2 and the drill hole 1, and permanently fixing the metal casing 2, the spiral armored optical cable 3 and the stratum rock together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(d) respectively connecting a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable 4 and a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber 5 in the spiral armored optical cable 3 to DSS and DTS signal input ends of a DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 6 at a wellhead;
(e) the stress field change and the temperature change outside the full-well section metal sleeve 2 are monitored and measured in real time by utilizing the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress sensitive optical cable 4, the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber 5 and the DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 6.
(f) The temperature change of the outer side of the metal sleeve 2 at the whole well section is monitored and measured in real time by using the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber 5 and the DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 6 which are arranged in the spiral armored optical cable 3 outside the sleeve 2, and the temperature correction is carried out on the stress (strain) data measured by the DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument 6 according to the monitored and measured temperature change data in the geostress measurement well section at the outer side of the metal sleeve 2.
In strain/temperature measurements using distributed fiber optic sensors, back rayleigh scattering is measured using wavelength-scanning interferometry as a function of position on the fiber. The rayleigh scattering in an optical fiber occurs due to refractive index fluctuations in the length direction of the fiber. Although the scattering is random, for a given fiber, if the state of the fiber does not change, the same wavelength of reflected light is always generated, and this characteristic is called the inherent texture information of the fiber. If a certain position of the optical fiber is deformed due to the influence of load or temperature, only the wavelength of the reflected light at the position is deviated, and by comparing the reflected light before and after the deformation, it is possible to confirm at which position of the optical fiber the deformation occurs. Under normal conditions, the spectrum of the scattered light in the fiber shifts primarily due to strain or temperature changes. The spectral drift obtained from the strain epsilon or the temperature t response is similar to the drift of resonance wave delta lambda or the spectral drift of Bragg grating delta upsilon, namely: using the formula:
Δλ/λ＝-Δυ/υ＝KTΔt+Kεε
in the formula: λ and υ are average light wavelength and frequency, respectively; kTAnd KεTemperature and strain standard constants, respectively, for most germanosilicate core fibers, KT＝6.45μ℃-1，Kε＝0.78。
Correcting DSS measurement data by using temperature value of a specific measurement position to perform scattered light spectrum drift in the optical fiber caused by temperature change, and obtaining a true stress value in the extra-ground stress measurement well section of the metal casing 2 without temperature influence;
(g) drawing an underground stress field three-dimensional distribution diagram of each underground depth and each direction according to the depth position and azimuth angle of the spiral armored optical cable 3 outside the metal sleeve 2 by using the stress values distributed along the spiral armored optical cable 3 in the whole well section after temperature correction, and obtaining the distribution change characteristics of the underground stress field along the well track;
(h) the method comprises the steps of establishing an underground three-dimensional stress field model according to underground stress three-dimensional distribution maps of various depths and various directions distributed along a well track, projecting the well track into the underground three-dimensional stress field model, designing an optimized perforation position and a fracturing section of an underground metal casing 2 according to the distribution characteristics of the underground stress field along the well track, avoiding the well section with over-concentrated ground stress and easy casing damage, reducing the economic loss of oil-gas field development, analyzing whether the underground maximum main stress direction is orthogonal or intersected with a large angle with a horizontal well or not, and using the result for azimuth optimization selection of a newly drilled horizontal well.
The underground ground stress measuring system and the measuring method based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable 3 sensing are a method and a technology for measuring the distribution change of the ground stress field in the underground whole well section rock stratum and monitoring the dynamic change with low cost, high precision and high reliability. The invention provides an underground stress measuring device based on distributed optical fiber sensing, which is formed by a metal sleeve installed in a drill hole, a spiral armored optical cable arranged on the outer side wall of the metal sleeve and a distributed optical fiber stress sensing/distributed optical fiber temperature sensing (DSS/DTS) composite modulation and demodulation instrument arranged near a wellhead. The method can lay the stress and temperature sensing armored optical cable from the bottom to the mouth of the well at one time, quickly, accurately and reliably measure the three-dimensional ground stress field of the rock around the whole well section from the shallow well to the ultra-deep well, and provides powerful support for the whole well section ground stress field data for the implementation scheme of the underground engineering. The optimized perforation position and the fracturing section of the underground casing are designed according to the distribution characteristics of the underground stress field along the well track, the well section with over-concentrated ground stress and easy damage to the casing is avoided, and the economic loss of oil-gas field development is reduced. The long-term stable, safe and reliable work of an oil and gas production well, a water injection well and a monitoring or observation well can be effectively ensured, and indispensable means, systems and methods are provided for scientific management and recovery efficiency improvement of oil and gas reservoirs.
Claims (10)
1. The underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable is characterized by comprising a metal sleeve (2) arranged in a drill hole (1), wherein the spiral armored optical cable (3) is fixedly arranged outside the metal sleeve (2); the spiral armored optical cable (3) comprises at least more than one high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable (4) and at least more than two high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fibers (5);
the cable is characterized by further comprising a DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (6) placed near a wellhead, wherein one DSS signal port and two DTS signal ports of the DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (6) are respectively connected with the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable (4) and the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber (5) in the spiral armored optical cable (3).
2. The underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable according to claim 1, wherein the DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (6) is a distributed optical fiber stress sensing DSS and distributed optical fiber temperature sensing DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument, and comprises a data acquisition module and a modulation and demodulation module.
3. The underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable according to the claim 1, wherein the high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant stress sensitive optical cable (4) comprises a high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant single-mode or high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant special stress sensitive optical fiber.
4. The underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable according to the claim 1, characterized in that the high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant stress sensitive optical cable (4) is a single mode stress sensitive optical fiber or a high density continuous grating optical fiber with a spacing less than 1 meter.
5. The underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable according to the claim 1, wherein the high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant stress sensitive optical cable (4) and the high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant multimode optical fiber (5) are respectively packaged in a first metal thin tube (41) and a second metal thin tube (51) which are continuous.
6. The underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored cable according to claim 5, wherein the first metal thin tube (41) and the second metal thin tube (51) are wound with single-layer or multi-layer protective metal thin tubes and/or armored steel wires.
7. The underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable according to claim 5, wherein the first metal thin tube (41) is internally provided with the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable (4) which is tightly wrapped by a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant high-strength composite material or is made of a single-mode stress-sensitive optical fiber or a high-density continuous grating optical fiber which is wrapped by an injection molding machine in a one-step forming manner, the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable is tightly attached to the first metal thin tube (41) and sealed in the first metal thin tube, and the tail end of the high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable (4) is provided with the deluster (7).
8. The underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable according to the claim 5, characterized in that the second metal thin tube (51) is injected with high temperature resistant optical fiber paste; the tail ends of two high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fibers (5) in the second metal thin tube (51) are welded into a U shape and are used for being connected to two end signal input ports of two DTS signals of a DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (6).
9. The underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable according to the claim 1, characterized in that the spiral armored optical cable (3) is a spiral armored optical cable which is prefabricated to be wound according to a certain angle and is sleeved outside the metal sleeve (2) when being put into a well; the winding angle of the spiral armored cable (3) is between 30 and 60 degrees.
10. The method for measuring the underground stress field measuring device based on the distributed spiral armored optical cable according to any one of claims 1 to 9, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) sleeving a metal sleeve (2) into the spiral armored optical cable (3) near a wellhead, and then synchronously and slowly putting the metal sleeve (2) and the spiral armored optical cable (3) into the drilled drill hole (1);
(b) the annular metal clip (8) is arranged at the joint of the two metal sleeves (2) at the wellhead to fix and protect the spiral armored optical cable (3) from moving and/or being damaged in the process of casing running;
(c) pumping cement slurry from the well bottom by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head from the well bottom along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal casing (2) and the drill hole (1), and permanently fixing the metal casing (2), the spiral armored optical cable (3) and the stratum rock together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(d) respectively connecting a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable (4) and a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber (5) in the spiral armored optical cable (3) to DSS and DTS signal input ends of a DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (6) at a wellhead;
(e) stress field change and temperature change outside the full-well section metal casing (2) are monitored and measured in real time by utilizing a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant stress-sensitive optical cable (4), a high-temperature-resistant and hydrogen-loss-resistant multimode optical fiber (5) and a DSS/DTS composite modulation and demodulation instrument (6);
(f) according to the measured temperature change data in the stress measurement well section outside the metal casing (2) which is monitored and measured, the shift delta lambda of the spectrum drift similar to the resonance wave or the spectrum drift delta upsilon of the Bragg grating is obtained by the response of the strain epsilon or the temperature t, and the formula is utilized:
Δλ/λ＝-Δυ/υ＝KTΔt+Kεε
wherein λ and υ are average light wavelength and frequency respectively; kTAnd KεTemperature and strain standard constants, respectively;
correcting DSS measurement data by using temperature value of a specific measurement position to perform scattered light spectrum drift in the optical fiber caused by temperature change, and obtaining a true stress value in the extra-ground stress measurement well section of the metal casing (2) with temperature influence eliminated;
(g) drawing an underground stress field three-dimensional distribution diagram of each underground depth and each underground direction according to the depth position and the azimuth angle of the spiral armored optical cable (3) outside the metal sleeve (2) on the basis of the stress values distributed along the spiral armored optical cable (3) in the whole well section after temperature correction, and then obtaining the distribution change characteristics of the underground stress field along the well track;
(h) the method comprises the steps of establishing an underground three-dimensional stress field model according to underground stress three-dimensional distribution maps of various depths and various directions distributed along a well track, projecting the well track into the underground three-dimensional stress field model, designing an optimized perforation position and a fracturing section of an underground metal casing (2)) according to the distribution characteristics of the underground stress field along the well track, avoiding the well section with over-concentrated ground stress and easy casing damage, reducing the economic loss of oil-gas field development, analyzing whether the underground maximum main stress direction is orthogonal or intersected with a large angle with a horizontal well, and using the result for selecting the direction of newly drilled horizontal wells.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111478355.8A CN114152371A (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Underground stress field measuring device and method based on distributed spiral armored optical cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111478355.8A CN114152371A (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Underground stress field measuring device and method based on distributed spiral armored optical cable |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114152371A true CN114152371A (en) | 2022-03-08 |
Family
ID=80453079
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111478355.8A Pending CN114152371A (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Underground stress field measuring device and method based on distributed spiral armored optical cable |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114152371A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115655133A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-01-31 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Optical fiber strain sensing pipe column and ground stress measuring method |
| CN115655133B (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2024-05-03 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Ground stress measuring method based on optical fiber strain sensing tubular column |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100254650A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2010-10-07 | Frederick Henry Kreisler Rambow | High spatial resolution distributed temperature sensing system |
| US20110292763A1 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-12-01 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Detection of seismic signals using fiber optic distributed sensors |
| CN104280167A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-14 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Three-dimensional stress test device for single-hole multi-point hollow fiber grating inclusion in rock mass engineering |
| US20190064387A1 (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-02-28 | Luna Innovations Incorporated | Distributed measurement of minimum and maximum in-situ stress in substrates |
| CN110541702A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-06 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | underground fluid distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN111456716A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-28 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground strain distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN111707204A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-09-25 | 中船重工(大连)海防环保科技有限公司 | Sleeve strain monitoring method and device based on spirally-laid optical fibers |
| CN112268642A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-01-26 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground stress measuring device and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN112593924A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-02 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground gas storage safety operation monitoring system and monitoring method |
-
2021
- 2021-12-06 CN CN202111478355.8A patent/CN114152371A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100254650A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2010-10-07 | Frederick Henry Kreisler Rambow | High spatial resolution distributed temperature sensing system |
| US20110292763A1 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-12-01 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Detection of seismic signals using fiber optic distributed sensors |
| CN104280167A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-14 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Three-dimensional stress test device for single-hole multi-point hollow fiber grating inclusion in rock mass engineering |
| US20190064387A1 (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-02-28 | Luna Innovations Incorporated | Distributed measurement of minimum and maximum in-situ stress in substrates |
| CN110541702A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-06 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | underground fluid distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN111707204A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-09-25 | 中船重工(大连)海防环保科技有限公司 | Sleeve strain monitoring method and device based on spirally-laid optical fibers |
| CN111456716A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-28 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground strain distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN112268642A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-01-26 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground stress measuring device and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN112593924A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-02 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Underground gas storage safety operation monitoring system and monitoring method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115655133A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-01-31 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Optical fiber strain sensing pipe column and ground stress measuring method |
| CN115655133B (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2024-05-03 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Ground stress measuring method based on optical fiber strain sensing tubular column |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110541702B (en) | Underground fluid distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| CN111648762B (en) | Underground long-term dynamic monitoring special distributed armored optical cable and monitoring system and method | |
| CN107907065B (en) | Slip surface sensing anchor rod and monitoring method thereof | |
| CN105890537B (en) | The technical solution and system of the distributing optical fiber sensing of induced joint deformation monitoring | |
| CN112593924A (en) | Underground gas storage safety operation monitoring system and monitoring method | |
| CN112268642A (en) | Underground stress measuring device and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| WO2023010774A1 (en) | Optical-fiber intelligent geophysical data acquisition system for shale oil and gas, and acquisition method | |
| CN112780256B (en) | Horizontal well microseism monitoring system and monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| US20100219334A1 (en) | System and method for wellbore monitoring | |
| Zheng et al. | Experimental research on a novel optic fiber sensor based on OTDR for landslide monitoring | |
| CN210598961U (en) | Underground fluid distribution monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| CN111456716A (en) | Underground strain distribution monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| Baldwin | Fiber optic sensors in the oil and gas industry: Current and future applications | |
| CN113568037B (en) | Earthquake and geological disaster monitoring system and monitoring method based on optical fiber sensing technology | |
| CN110344815A (en) | A kind of production profile monitoring method based on distribution type fiber-optic sound monitoring and distributed optical fiber temperature monitoring | |
| CN113513302B (en) | Underground fluid monitoring system and method based on distributed optical fiber hydrophone | |
| CN212454396U (en) | Underground strain distribution monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| Zhou et al. | Casing pipe damage detection with optical fiber sensors: a case study in oil well constructions | |
| CN213543861U (en) | Underground stress measuring device based on distributed optical fiber sensing | |
| Sasaki et al. | Distributed fiber optic strain sensing of bending deformation of a well mockup in the laboratory | |
| US20160290890A1 (en) | Gaseous fuel monitoring for wellsite pumps | |
| WO2023024364A1 (en) | Underground fluid pressure measurement system based on continuous grating optical fiber, and measurement method | |
| CN114152371A (en) | Underground stress field measuring device and method based on distributed spiral armored optical cable | |
| CN212454394U (en) | Special distributed armored optical cable for underground long-term dynamic monitoring and monitoring system | |
| Zheng et al. | Investigation of a quasi-distributed displacement sensor using the macro-bending loss of an optical fiber |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |