CN110987026B

CN110987026B - Sensor signal acquisition system based on variable topology switch matrix

Info

Publication number: CN110987026B
Application number: CN201911298221.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄永安; 杨朝熙
Original assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-12-17
Filing date: 2019-12-17
Publication date: 2021-11-02
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-17
Also published as: CN110987026A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of communication and sensor signal detection, and discloses a sensor signal acquisition system based on a variable topology switch matrix. The acquisition system comprises a control module, a sensor, a multiplexing switch module, a variable topology switch module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein: the multiplexing switch module is connected with the sensor, and each pin on the sensor corresponds to a plurality of leads in the multiplexing switch module; the variable topology switch module is switched on and off through the combination of different switches, so that different leads are combined, and the measurement of different physical quantities is realized; the controller is used for controlling the on-off of each switch in the multiplexing switch module and the variable topology switch module. According to the invention, the testing problem caused by the fact that the acquisition and measurement port and the sensor pin are not corresponding is solved, the sensor can freely switch various functions according to the working condition, the complexity of the measurement module is reduced, the structure is simple, and the use is more convenient.

Description

Sensor signal acquisition system based on variable topology switch matrix

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of communication and sensor signal detection, and particularly relates to a sensor signal acquisition system based on a variable topology switch matrix.

Background

The existing sensor integrates a plurality of sensing units in one sensor, and a single sensor can realize a plurality of measuring functions at different moments by methods such as mutual combination of sensor pins, time-sharing multiplexing of the pins and the like, so that the single sensor can realize the sensing of a plurality of physical quantities; accordingly, to implement the switching measurement of multiple functions of the sensor, there are more requirements on the measuring instrument at the back end, the measuring instrument must first include multiple measuring modules, and because the pin combinations of different sensors are different, the measuring instrument must be able to arbitrarily combine the pins of the sensors and access the corresponding measuring modules, and in order to implement the high-speed measurement of multiple physical quantities, the measuring instrument also needs to be able to switch between the multiple measuring functions at high speed.

The traditional measuring instrument mainly faces to a single-function sensor, multiple measuring and measuring functions cannot be met, in order to achieve the multiple measuring functions, the multiple measuring instruments are required to be used together, the sensor is in time-sharing multiplexing due to pins, the pins conflict with testing ports of multiple testing devices, and therefore the measuring requirements of the sensor cannot be met by the universal measuring instrument.

At present, a switch matrix is usually used to realize the switching of the multiplexing pins, and the realization method mainly includes a switch matrix chip and an analog switch matrix circuit. The switch matrix chip (such as CH 446) is generally used for switching audio and video signals, and expanding to an analog signal causes great interference to measurement, which reduces measurement accuracy; the analog switch matrix circuit generally uses an electromagnetic relay, a reed switch relay and the like as switches, the switching rate is low, the number of the used switches is large, the utilization rate of the switches is not high, and the analog switch matrix circuit is not suitable for being used for measuring by a sensor.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a sensor signal acquisition system based on a variable topology switch matrix, which solves the problems of difficult test function switching caused by complex combination mode among a plurality of pins of a sensor and multiple multiplexing functions of a single pin and difficult measurement caused by different measurement systems and different measurement principles under different measurement functions by designing the structures of a multiplexing switch module and a variable topology module of a key module. The invention is not limited by the type of the sensor, the combination mode of the output pins of the sensor and the function multiplexing, and can be connected with a measuring module with any measuring line system and any function to realize various measuring functions.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a sensor signal acquisition system based on a variable topology switch matrix, the acquisition system including a control module, a sensor, a multiplexing switch module, a variable topology switch module, a signal acquisition module and a data processing module, wherein:

the sensor is provided with a plurality of pins, the same pin is used for measuring a plurality of physical quantities, and the measurement of different physical quantities is realized through the combination of different pins;

the multiplexing switch module is connected with the sensor, each pin on the sensor corresponds to a plurality of leads in the multiplexing switch module, and a corresponding lead is selected from the leads corresponding to each pin according to the physical quantity to be measured for measuring the physical quantity to be measured, wherein the number of the leads is equal to the number of the physical quantity which can be measured by each lead;

the variable topology switch module comprises a plurality of input ports, an output port corresponding to each input port and a switch arranged between the input ports and the output ports, and different leads are combined by opening and closing different switches so as to realize measurement of different physical quantities;

the signal acquisition module is connected with the data acquisition module and is used for converting the signals from the variable topology switch module into digital signals;

the data processing module is connected with the control module and used for analyzing the digital signals from the signal acquisition module and transmitting the analyzed results to the controller;

the controller is respectively connected with the multiplexing switch module and the topology-variable switch module and is used for controlling the on-off of each switch in the multiplexing switch module and the topology-variable switch module;

for the physical quantity P to be measured, the controller firstly determines the pins a, B, …, I, …, N corresponding to the physical quantity P to be measured on the sensor, then determines and selects the lead IP of the physical quantity P to be measured connected with the pin I in the multiplexing switch module, and finally determines and controls the different switches in the variable topology switch module to be switched on and off, so as to realize the combination of the leads AP, BP, …, IP, …, NP, obtain the collected signal of the physical quantity P to be measured at the output end of the side topology switch module, and then transmit the signal to the controller through the signal collection module and the data processing module, thereby realizing the measurement of the physical quantity P to be measured.

Further preferably, the controller is further connected to the signal acquisition module, and is configured to adjust a gain and a filtering function in the signal acquisition module, so that the acquired signal is clearly readable.

Further preferably, in the multiplexing switch module, a plurality of leads corresponding to each pin are provided on a multiplexer, and the corresponding leads are selected for measurement by opening and closing switches in the multiplexer, and the number of multiplexers is equal to the number of sensor pins.

Further preferably, the input ports in the topology-variable switch module correspond to the multiplexers one by one, each input port includes m sub-ports, and m is the number of leads in the multiplexer corresponding to the input port.

Further preferably, the signal acquisition module includes a signal conditioning unit and a signal conversion unit, wherein the signal conditioning unit is configured to amplify, filter and compensate the signal from the variable topology switch module to obtain a conditioned signal, and the signal conversion unit is configured to convert the conditioned signal to obtain a digital signal and transmit the digital signal to the data processing module.

Further preferably, the signal acquisition module further includes a measurement unit, and the measurement unit is one or a combination of a single-wire system measurement, a double-wire system measurement and a multi-wire system measurement.

Further preferably, the switch in the topology-variable module is a multiplexing switch, a single-pole single-throw switch, a single-pole double-throw switch, a single-pole multi-throw switch, or a double-pole double-throw switch.

In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

1. the pins in the sensor bear different functions in different measuring working conditions, so that the multiplexing switch module is utilized to realize the switching of the same pin among a plurality of functions, the variable topology switch module is utilized to realize the combination of different pins, and the measurement of different physical quantities of the sensor is realized under the combined action of the multiplexing switch module and the variable topology switch module;

2. the invention provides a structure of a variable topology switch matrix based on the topology principle of the switch matrix, combines topologies of different levels together while realizing multipath expansion, realizes the measurement function based on different wiring systems for a sensor, has simple interface and strong universality, has high isolation among measurement modules, and can be matched with instruments and meters of any wiring system for use;

3. the acquisition system of the invention solves the conflict of repeated use of a plurality of functions of a single pin by multiplexing, simultaneously solves the problem of mutual combination of a plurality of pins by combining with the switch matrix, can solve the test problem caused by the non-correspondence of the measurement port of the acquisition module and the pin of the sensor, can control the switching of each function according to the use condition of the sensor, can improve the problem of low utilization rate of the switch matrix switch, reduces the complexity of the measurement module, has simple structure and is more convenient to use.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a sensor signal acquisition system constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sensor constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention and its function;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an m-to-1 multiplexing switch constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a variable topology switch matrix constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a sensor constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a topological diagram of a sensor measurement scheme constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

As shown in fig. 1, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes the following five modules: the device comprises a multiplexing switch module, a variable topology matrix switch module, a signal acquisition module, a data processing module and a control module.

The multiplexing switch module is composed of a plurality of multiplexing switches, the common end of each multiplexing switch is connected with one pin in the sensor, the multi-path output end of each multiplexing switch is connected with the input end of the variable topology switch module, and the multiplexing pins of the sensor are switched among different multiplexing functions under the control of the MCU;

the output end of the variable topology switch module is connected with the measurement units with various functions and wire systems in the signal acquisition module, the variable topology switch matrix can realize any routing between the input port and the output port, and various signals input into the variable topology switch matrix can be combined according to measurement requirements under the control of the MCU and are transmitted to the corresponding signal acquisition module.

The signal acquisition module comprises a signal conditioning unit and a signal conversion unit, wherein the conditioning unit conditions an input signal into a signal suitable for acquisition by adopting methods such as signal filtering, amplification, compensation and the like; the signal conversion unit carries out A/D conversion to digitize the conditioned analog signal.

The data processing module stores the acquired data, analyzes the acquired information by using a proper data processing algorithm, and then feeds back the analyzed information to the control module.

The control module controls the switching of the multiplexing switch module and the gating of the variable topology switch module according to actual measurement requirements and fed back measurement information, so that the switching and measurement of the sensor among multiple functions are realized, and meanwhile, the controller also adjusts the signal conditioning and signal acquisition module, so that the obtained signals are clear and readable.

The signal transmission between the sensor pins and the measurement port is as follows, the sensor pins are connected with the common end of the multiplexing switch module, the number n (n is an integer larger than or equal to 1) of the sensor module pins is equal to the number n of the multiplexers in the multiplexing switch module, namely, each pin of the sensor is connected with one multiplexer, and the n multiplexers are connected in parallel to form the multiplexing switch module. The output terminals Sm-i (i ═ 1,2 … m) of each multiplexer are connected with the input ports Lm-i (i ═ 1,2 … m) of the topology-changing switch matrix, m (m is an integer greater than or equal to 1) is the number of the multiplexed output ports of each multiplexer, m is equal to the function multiplexing number of the output pins of the connected sensor, for example, one pin of the sensor can be used for measuring voltage and current, and can also be used for measuring resistance, namely, the function multiplexing number is 3, and the number of the leads on the multiplexer corresponding to the pin is 3, namely, m is equal to 3.

Input ports Lm-i (i is 1,2 … m) of the topology-variable matrix switch module, where m represents the topology level of the input port, the number of input ports of the same topology level is equal to the number of pins with the same number of functional multiplexes in the sensor, for example, 5 pins in the sensor can be used to measure 4 different physical quantities, and then m is 4, and there are 5 sets of input ports with the same topology level.

The input ports of different topology grades of the variable topology switch matrix can be downward compatible so as to adapt to more working conditions. Namely, the input port of the high topology grade can be used as the input port of the low topology grade, and the input port which is not used in the high topology grade can be suspended or short-circuited according to the actual measurement requirement.

The output end of the variable topology switch module is selectively connected with the corresponding signal acquisition module through the control of the MCU; the number of the output ends of the variable topology switch module depends on the type and the number of the used signal detection units, and is the sum of input ports required by all the measurement modules.

The signal acquisition module is connected with the data processing module and is in interconnection communication with the MCU after being identified by an algorithm, and the central controller generates corresponding control signals by identifying received feedback information and is in control connection with the multiplexing switch modules at all levels, the variable topology switch module, the signal acquisition module and the data processing module.

As shown in fig. 2, the sensor in the figure can use various measurement principles to complete various physical quantity measurements by time-division multiplexing of pins and combination of multiple pins, so that the functional integration level of the sensor can be increased; the sensor can also measure the same physical quantity by using different measurement principles, improves the measurement precision and range, and is mainly characterized in that the sensor realizes measurement in multiple modes by using as few leads as possible.

As with the sensor shown in fig. 2, pin P1 is used in all four functions A, B, C, D, pin P2 is used in all three functions B, C, D, pin P3 is used in all two functions C, D, and pin P4 is used in the D function. Namely, the function multiplexing numbers of the four pins of the sensing units P1, P2, P3 and P4 are respectively 4, 3, 2 and 1. According to the description of the multiplexing switch module, in this application scenario, the sensing unit pin P1 should be connected to the common terminal of the 4-to-1 multiplexer, the sensing unit pin P2 should be connected to the common terminal of the 3-to-1 multiplexer, the sensing unit pin P2 should be connected to the common terminal of the 2-to-1 multiplexer, and the sensing unit pin P4 should be directly connected to the input/output port of the variable topology switch matrix, because it has only one function, and no switching is required.

As shown in fig. 3, the left end of the multiplexer in the figure is a common port, m output ends are connected to the rear of the multiplexer, a switch is arranged between the common port and the output ends, and through opening and closing of the switch, which physical quantity is to be measured is selected, i.e., one of m is selected.

As shown in fig. 4, the primary input column L1-1 of the variable topology switch matrix is connected to the single-channel switch S1-1 in the multiplexing switch module; a secondary input column L2-j (j ═ 1,2) connected to the one-out multiplexer control input S2-j (j ═ 1,2) in the multiplexer switch block; the three-level input column L3-j (j equals 1,2,3) is connected with the control input end S3-j (j equals 1,2,3) of the three-to-one multiplexer in the multiplexing switch module; a four-stage input column L4-j (j ═ 1,2,3,4) connected to a four-to-one multiplexer control output S4-j (j ═ 1,2,3,4) in the multiplexer switch module; and by analogy, the n-stage input columns are Ln-j (j is 1,2 … n), and the multi-path output end Sn-j (j is 1,2 … n) of the multiplexer of which n is selected from 1 is connected.

The above describes the correspondence between the output ports of multiplexers of different sizes and the input ports of the variable topology switch matrix of different levels. If b pins with the function multiplexing number of a are used in a certain sensor, a multiplexing switch with 1 selected from b should be connected behind each pin, so that b input port groups of a level should correspond to the input port groups in the variable topology switch matrix.

The output port of the variable topology switch matrix module is connected with different measurement units in the signal acquisition module, the measurement units can be divided into single-wire system measurement, double-wire system measurement and multi-wire system measurement according to the requirements of different measurement principles and functions on wire systems, the output port of the variable topology switch matrix module can be divided into output port groups of different levels for being connected with the measurement units of any wire system, and in the implementation process, the single-wire system measurement unit is connected with a first-level output port H1-1 of the variable topology switch matrix; the two-wire system measuring module is connected with a secondary output port H2-j (j is 1, 2); the three-wire system measuring unit is connected with a three-level output port H3-j (j is 1,2 and 3); the four-wire system measuring unit is connected with a four-stage output port H4-j (j is 1,2,3, 4); and by analogy, the n-wire system measurement module is connected with the n-stage output port Hn-j (j is 1,2 … n).

The above describes the corresponding relationship between different wire-system measurement units and different levels of variable topology switch matrix output ports. In a specific implementation process, according to the requirement of an actual function, if b modules for a-line system measurement are required in a certain sensing unit, b output ports of a-stage in a variable topology switch matrix should correspond to the b output ports.

The sensor can have a plurality of single-function pins or a plurality of multiplexing-function pins, so that a plurality of multiplexing pins can be simultaneously used under normal conditions, and the multiplexing numbers of the pins are different. For example, when a four-wire system measurement is adopted, four pins with one multiplexing number, i.e., single-function pins, may be used, and m pins with 1 multiplexing number, n pins with 2 multiplexing number, p pins with 3 multiplexing number, and q pins with 4 multiplexing number may also be used, where m + n + p + q is 4, and m, n, p, and q are all integers greater than or equal to 0. Assuming that m-n-p-q-1, a four-wire measurement can be achieved by controlling four multiplexing switches to select a corresponding multiplexing function for each pin, while driving the matrix switch gate H4-i (i-1, 2,3,4) by generating a driving signal by the central master MCU. By analogy, the method can realize the switching of any signal and carry out the measurement of any wire system, wherein the multi-wire system measurement refers to the number of pins on the required sensor when the measurement unit is used for measurement.

A typical example is a sensing unit as shown in fig. 2, the sensor has four pins, and 4 functions can be realized by combination of different pins. Function a is a single wire measurement requiring the use of pin P1; function B is a two-wire measurement, requiring the use of pins P1, P2; function C is a three-wire measurement, requiring the use of pins P1, P2, P3; the function D is four-wire system measurement, and pins P1, P2, P3 and P4 are needed, so that the topology-variable matrix needs 10 output ports for connecting four measurement modules at the same time.

According to the principle of the multiplexing switch module and the variable topology matrix, a circuit implementation method with the structure is provided. The function multiplexing number of the sensing unit pin P1 is 4, a 4-to-1 multiplexing switch needs to be connected, then a multi-output port S4-j (j is 1,2,3,4) of the multiplexing switch is connected with an input port L4-j (j is 1,2,3,4) of four stages of the variable topology switch matrix, and in order to realize arbitrary interconnection with 10 output ports, 10 single-pole single-throw switches which are regularly arranged can be used for being connected with the output ports; the function multiplexing number of the sensing unit pin P2 is 3, a multiplexing switch of 1 from 3 needs to be connected, then a multi-path output port S3-j (j is 1,2,3) of the multiplexing switch is connected with a three-stage input port L3-j (j is 1,2,3) of the variable topology switch matrix, and in order to realize arbitrary interconnection with 10 output ports, 10 single-pole single-throw switches which are regularly arranged can be used for being connected with the output ports; the pins P3 and P4 of the sensing unit can also be connected to the output port in a similar manner, and the variable topology switch matrix, as shown in fig. 4, can realize that any one pin of the sensing unit of the measurement module can be gated to any measurement pin of the measurement unit by controlling the gating of the variable topology switch matrix and the switching of the multiplexing switch module.

The acquisition part mainly comprises a signal conditioning unit and a signal acquisition unit, wherein the signal conditioning unit comprises a signal amplification processing module, a signal filtering processing module, a signal compensation circuit module and the like, an input signal is conditioned into a signal suitable for acquisition, and the signal acquisition unit quantizes the signal and then sends the quantized signal to the data processing unit. The data algorithm identification unit stores the received data, analyzes various physical quantities acquired by the acquisition module by combining with a corresponding data processing algorithm, and feeds back the analyzed physical quantities to the control module, and the central controller completes switching of various functions and control over signal acquisition according to test data obtained by feedback.

Fig. 5 shows a more specific exemplary case of a sensor, which is composed of 3 layers, and 4 pins are led out, so that 3 measurement functions can be realized, as follows:

pin combination	Function(s)	Physical quantity to be measured
			P1、P4	Measuring temperature	Resistance (RC)
P2、P3	Measuring strain	Resistance (RC)
			P1、P2、P3、P4	Measuring pressure	Voltage of

The upper electrode material of the sensor is constantan, and two pins P1 and P4 are connected to a resistance measuring module for measuring temperature; the lower electrode material is constantan, and two pins P2 and P3 are connected for measuring strain; a PZT layer is arranged between the upper layer of electrodes and the lower layer of electrodes, and four pins of P1, P4, P2 and P3 are connected to the voltage measuring module according to the piezoelectric effect of the PZT layer, so that the pressure between the upper layer and the lower layer can be measured.

Based on the implementation principle of the matrix switch described above and the description of the sensor in fig. 5, a switching scheme for this sensor can be designed, as shown in fig. 6. The measuring scheme has three measuring modules which respectively correspond to three measuring functions of temperature, strain and voltage, and the combination of different pins is connected into the measuring modules through the switching of the switches, so that the switching of the three functions can be realized. The sensor has 4 pins, and the function multiplexing number of each pin is 2, so that each pin is connected with a single-pole double-throw switch. The arrangement of the matrix switches and their switching states in operation are shown in fig. 6. When measuring temperature, the temperature measuring function of the pins P1 and P4 is used, so that the single-pole double-throw switches P1-2 and P4-1 are controlled to be conducted, signals on the sensor pins P1 and P4 can be sent to the resistance measuring 1 module, and the temperature can be measured; when the strain is measured, the strain measuring function of the pins P2 and P3 is used, the single-pole double-throw switch is controlled to conduct the P2-1 and the P3-2, signals of the sensor pins P2 and P3 can be sent to the resistance measuring 2 module, and the strain measurement can be realized; when the pressure is measured, the pressure measuring functions of P1, P2, P3 and P4 are used, and then the single-pole double-throw switches are controlled to conduct P1-1, P2-2, P3-1 and P4-2, so that signals of 4 pins can be sent to the voltage measuring module to realize the measurement of the pressure. In the switching process of each function of the sensor, the matrix switch does not need to be switched, the functions of the pins of the sensor are switched only by controlling the single-pole double-throw switch, the matrix switch can automatically realize the combination of different pins, and the switching of various measurement functions of the sensor can be conveniently realized. The scheme is simple and clear to control, and the measurement modules are independent from each other and have no interference with each other.

The switches used in the topology-variable switch matrix designed by the invention, including but not limited to the single-pole single-throw switch and the single-pole double-throw switch in fig. 4 and fig. 6, can select different modes according to specific application scenarios, such as a multiplexing switch, a single-pole multi-throw switch, a double-pole double-throw switch, and the like, and can meet any routing scheme of an input port and an output port. The central controller MCU used in the invention can use various controllers, such as a singlechip of MCS-51 kernel, a controller of ARM kernel, DSP, CPLD, FPGA, etc.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a sensor signal acquisition system based on become topology switch matrix which characterized in that, this acquisition system includes controller, sensor, multiplexing switch module, becomes topology switch module, signal acquisition module and data processing module, wherein:

input ports Lm-i, i of the topology-variable switch module are 1,2 … m, where m represents the topology level of the input ports, and the number of input ports of the same topology level is equal to the number of pins with the same number of functional multiplexes in the sensor;

the output port of the variable topology switch module is connected with different measurement units in the signal acquisition module, the measurement units are divided into single-wire system measurement, double-wire system measurement and multi-wire system measurement according to the requirements of different measurement principles and functions on wire systems, the output port of the variable topology switch module is divided into output port groups of different levels in order to be connected with the measurement unit of any wire system, and in the implementation process, the single-wire system measurement unit is connected with a first-level output port H1-1 of the variable topology switch module; the two-wire system measuring module is connected with a secondary output port H2-j, j being 1, 2; the three-wire system measuring unit is connected with a three-level output port H3-j, j being 1,2 and 3; the four-wire system measuring unit is connected with a four-level output port H4-j, j being 1,2,3, 4; by analogy, the n-wire system measuring module is connected with the n-level output port Hn-j, j is 1,2 … n;

the input port of the variable topology switch module, a primary input column L1-1 of the variable topology switch module are connected with a single-channel switch S1-1 in the multiplexing switch module; the second-level input column L2-j, j equals to 1,2, which is connected with the control input end S2-j, j equals to 1,2 of the alternative multiplexer in the multiplexing switch module; the three-level input column L3-j, j equals to 1,2,3, is connected with the control input end S3-j, j equals to 1,2,3 of the three-to-one multiplexer in the multiplexing switch module; a four-stage input column L4-j, j being 1,2,3,4, connected to a control output S4-j, j being 1,2,3,4 of a four-select-one multiplexer in the multiplexer switch module; and analogizing in sequence, the n-level input column is Ln-j, j is 1,2 … n, and the multi-path output end Sn-j, j is 1,2 … n of the multiplexer connected with n to 1; the signal acquisition module is connected with the data processing module and is used for converting the signals from the variable topology switch module into digital signals;

the data processing module is connected with the controller and used for analyzing the digital signals from the signal acquisition module and transmitting the analyzed results to the controller;

for the physical quantity P to be measured, the controller firstly determines the pins a, B, …, I, …, N corresponding to the physical quantity P to be measured on the sensor, then determines and selects the lead IP of the physical quantity P to be measured connected with the pin I in the multiplexing switch module, and finally determines and controls the different switches in the variable topology switch module to be opened and closed, so as to realize the combination of the leads AP, BP, …, IP, …, NP, obtain the collected signal of the physical quantity P to be measured at the output end of the variable topology switch module, and then transmit the signal to the controller through the signal collection module and the data processing module, so as to realize the measurement of the physical quantity P to be measured.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further connected to the signal acquisition module for adjusting the gain and filtering functions in the signal acquisition module so that the acquired signals are clearly readable.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the multiplexing switch module has a plurality of leads corresponding to each pin disposed on a multiplexer, and the number of multiplexers is equal to the number of sensor pins, and the corresponding leads are selected for measurement by switching switches in the multiplexer.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the input ports in the topology-variable switch module correspond to the multiplexers one by one, each input port includes m sub-ports, and m is the number of leads in the multiplexer corresponding to the input port.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the signal acquisition module comprises a signal conditioning unit and a signal conversion unit, wherein the signal conditioning unit is configured to amplify, filter and compensate the signal from the topology-variable switch module to obtain a conditioned signal, and the signal conversion unit is configured to convert the conditioned signal to obtain a digital signal and transmit the digital signal to the data processing module.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the signal acquisition module further comprises a measurement unit, and the measurement unit is one or more of a single-wire measurement, a two-wire measurement and a multi-wire measurement.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the switch in the topology-variable switch module is a multiplexing switch, a single-pole single-throw switch, a single-pole double-throw switch, a single-pole multi-throw switch, or a double-pole double-throw switch.