CN110986388A - Intelligent solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector and control method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- F24S50/40—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector which comprises a photovoltaic cell panel, a heat preservation layer, a supporting back plate, a metal frame and a waste heat recovery system, wherein the waste heat recovery system comprises a heat exchange tube, a first water tube, a first control valve, a variable frequency water pump, a second water tube, a second control valve, a hot water tank and an intelligent control device, the waste heat recovery system also comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor, a fourth temperature sensor arranged at a water outlet of the heat exchange tube and a flow sensor arranged on the first water tube, and the intelligent control device comprises a monitoring module, a first acquisition module, a first control module, an acquisition module, a first calculation module, a first judgment module, a second control module, a third control module, a second calculation module and a fourth control module. The variable-frequency water pump heat collector is simple in structure, the heat collection performance of the whole heat collector can be improved to the maximum extent under the condition that the water pump runs at a reasonable flow, and the power consumption of the variable-frequency water pump is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar heat collectors and photovoltaic and photothermal integration, in particular to an intelligent solar photovoltaic and photothermal heat collector and a control method thereof.
Background
The solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector combines a photovoltaic cell and a solar heat collection technology, converts solar energy into electric energy, utilizes the heat of the cell taken away by a cooling medium in a heat collection assembly, and can generate hot water while cooling the photovoltaic cell to improve the electric efficiency. The technology realizes the integration of the photovoltaic module and the solar thermal collector, saves the application cost, effectively controls and reduces the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell, improves the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, prolongs the service life of the photovoltaic cell, can also obtain clean domestic hot water, and has been widely applied at present.
The existing solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector mostly adopts a water cooling mode to absorb the heat of a photovoltaic cell panel, namely a heat exchange tube is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic cell panel, cold water is introduced into the heat exchange tube to take away the heat of the photovoltaic cell panel and the heat is used as domestic water, wherein the flow speed of the cold water introduced into the heat exchange tube is very critical to the improvement of the heat collection performance of the whole collector, the water flow speed is too low, although the electric energy consumed by a water pump is small, the heat collection efficiency is lower, the heat loss is increased due to too high water flow speed, the heat collection performance of a system is not facilitated, and the.
The cold water flow rate in the existing solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector is mostly controlled qualitatively, if the qualitative control is carried out according to the illumination intensity of sunlight, the sunlight illumination intensity is high, the cold water flow rate is high, the sunlight illumination intensity is low, and the cold water flow rate is low, so that the heat collector has higher heat collection efficiency, but some problems exist, for example, the cold water flow rate value needs to be obtained according to a large number of test analyses, because the sunlight illumination intensity and the illumination angle of different regions are different, the water flow rate value obtained by the test analyses has poor universality when in use, and the test cost is too high when in application in a plurality of regions; moreover, for example, heat generated by a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector during power generation is related to not only sunlight illumination intensity, but also ambient temperature and power generation efficiency, and data accuracy obtained by considering illumination intensity tests is general and needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an intelligent solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector and a control method thereof, wherein the flow speed of a variable frequency water pump is adjusted according to the estimated average heat absorption power of a waste heat recovery system and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system obtained in real time, so that the adjusted heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is matched with the average heat absorption power, the heat collection performance of the whole collector is maximally improved by the water pump under reasonable flow operation, and the electricity consumption energy consumption of the water pump is effectively reduced.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an intelligent solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector comprises a photovoltaic cell panel, a heat insulation layer, a supporting back plate, a metal frame and a waste heat recovery system, the waste heat recovery system comprises a heat exchange pipe, a first water pipe, a first control valve, a variable frequency water pump, a second water pipe, a second control valve, a hot water tank and an intelligent control device, the waste heat recovery system also comprises a first temperature sensor arranged in the air layer, a second temperature sensor arranged on the heat exchange tube, a third temperature sensor arranged at the water inlet of the heat exchange tube, a fourth temperature sensor arranged at the water outlet of the heat exchange tube and a flow sensor arranged on the first water tube, the intelligent control device comprises a monitoring module, a first acquisition module, a first control module, an acquisition module, a first calculation module, a judgment module, a second control module, a third control module, a second calculation module and a fourth control module;
the monitoring module is used for monitoring whether the current time is in a preset heat recovery time period or not, wherein the preset heat recovery time period comprises a first preset heat recovery time period and a second preset heat recovery time period after the first preset heat recovery time period;
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in the air layer in real time when the current time is just within a first preset heat recovery time period, and the sum of the first preset time and the second preset time is the time length of the first preset heat recovery time period;
the first control module is used for controlling the variable frequency water pump to operate at a preset flow rate for a first preset time and then close for a second preset time, and controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to open for the first preset time and then close for the second preset time;
the acquisition module is used for recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump operates for the first preset time as A1 and the air temperature in the air layer as B1, and recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump is turned off for the second preset time as A2 and the air temperature in the air layer as B2;
the first calculation module is used for estimating the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in the second preset time according to a calculation formula of water temperature A1 in the heat exchange pipe, air temperature B1 in the air layer, water temperature A2 in the heat exchange pipe, air temperature B2 in the air layer, preset air layer quality, water quality in the preset heat exchange pipe and preset heat absorption capacity;
the judging module is used for judging whether the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power or not when the current time is within a second preset heat recovery time period;
the second control module is used for controlling the variable-frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed when the average heat absorption power is smaller than or equal to the preset average heat absorption power;
the third control module is used for controlling the variable-frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be opened when the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power;
the second calculation module is used for acquiring the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow of the water pump in real time when the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power, and calculating the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system according to the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow of the water pump;
the fourth control module is used for adjusting the flow speed of the variable frequency water pump according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system, so that the adjusted heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is matched with the average heat absorption power.
Further, the fourth control module specifically comprises a calculating unit, a judging unit, a determining unit and an adjusting unit,
the computing unit is used for computing the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system;
the judgment unit is used for judging whether the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is within a preset difference value range or not;
the determining unit is used for determining that the average heat absorption power is not matched with the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system when the difference value is not within the preset difference value range;
and the adjusting unit is used for adjusting the flow of the variable-frequency water pump according to the difference value.
Further, the heat absorption amount calculation formula is as follows:
J=[C1*M1*(A2-A1)+ C2*M2*(B2-B1)]/T；
j-average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time;
c1-specific heat capacity of water;
m1-the water mass in the preset heat exchange tube, and is calculated according to the water mass and the water density in the preset heat exchange tube;
c2-specific heat capacity of air;
m2-difference between the mass of the preset air layer and the mass of the water in the preset heat exchange tube,
t-a second preset time.
Furthermore, the intelligent control device further comprises a fifth control module, and the fifth control module is used for controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed when the current time is not within the preset heat recovery time period.
The invention also adopts the following technical scheme: a control method of an intelligent solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector comprises the following steps:
s1, monitoring whether the current time is in a preset heat recovery time period or not, wherein the preset heat recovery time period comprises a first preset heat recovery time period and a second preset heat recovery time period after the first preset heat recovery time period;
s2, when the current time is just within a first preset heat recovery time period, acquiring the water temperature in a heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in an air layer in real time, controlling a variable frequency water pump to operate at a preset flow rate for a first preset time and then close for a second preset time, controlling a first control valve and a second control valve to open for the first preset time and then close for the second preset time, wherein the sum of the first preset time and the second preset time is the time length of the first preset heat recovery time period;
s3, recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in the air layer as A1 and B1 after the variable frequency water pump operates for the first preset time, and recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in the air layer as A2 and B2 after the variable frequency water pump is turned off for the second preset time;
s4, estimating the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time according to a water temperature A1 in the heat exchange pipe, an air temperature B1 in the air layer, a water temperature A2 in the heat exchange pipe, an air temperature B2 in the air layer, the preset air layer quality, the water quality in the preset heat exchange pipe and a preset heat absorption quantity calculation formula;
s5, when the current time is within a second preset heat recovery time period, judging whether the average heat absorption power is larger than a preset average heat absorption power;
s6, when the average heat absorption power is smaller than or equal to the preset average heat absorption power, controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed;
s7, when the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power, controlling a variable frequency water pump, a first control valve and a second control valve to be opened, acquiring the inlet water temperature at the inlet of a heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow rate of a water pump in real time, and calculating the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system according to the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow rate of the water pump;
s8, adjusting the flow speed of the variable frequency water pump according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system, and enabling the adjusted heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system to be matched with the average heat absorption power.
Further, the step of adjusting the flow rate of the variable frequency water pump according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system specifically includes:
calculating the difference value of the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system;
judging whether the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is within a preset difference value range or not;
when the difference is not within the preset difference range, determining that the average heat absorption power is not matched with the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system;
and adjusting the flow of the variable-frequency water pump according to the difference.
Further, the heat absorption amount calculation formula is as follows:
J=[C1*M1*(A2-A1)+ [C2*M2*(B2-B1)]/T；
j-average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time;
c1-specific heat capacity of water;
m1-the water mass in the preset heat exchange tube, and is calculated according to the water mass and the water density in the preset heat exchange tube;
c2-specific heat capacity of air;
m2-difference between the mass of the preset air layer and the mass of the water in the preset heat exchange tube,
t-a second preset time.
Further, the control method further includes the steps of:
and S7, controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed when the current time is not in the preset heat recovery time period.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in the current time period is estimated according to the temperature rise condition of the air layer arranged on the back of the photovoltaic cell panel and the water in the heat exchange tube in a short time period, and the flow speed of the variable frequency water pump is adjusted according to the estimated average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system obtained in real time, so that the heat absorption power of the adjusted waste heat recovery system is matched with the average heat absorption power, the heat collection performance of the whole heat collector is maximally improved by the water pump under reasonable flow operation, and the electricity consumption of the water pump is effectively reduced;
(2) the estimated average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system comprehensively considers the influences of factors such as sunlight illumination intensity, irradiation angle, environmental factors and power generation efficiency, the corresponding control technology of the water pump according to the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is high in accuracy and strong in universality, the method is suitable for different regions and different environmental conditions, reasonable water pump flow values are obtained without a large number of test analyses, and the application cost of intelligent control of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector is further reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of an intelligent solar photovoltaic and photothermal heat collector.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a first structure of an intelligent solar photovoltaic/thermal collector.
Fig. 3 is a first connection diagram of a heat exchange tube.
Fig. 4 is a second connection schematic of the heat exchange tube.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of connection between the intelligent control device and each component.
Description of reference numerals: the solar water heater comprises a metal frame 1, a photovoltaic cell panel 2, a first temperature sensor 3, a heat exchange tube 4, an air layer 5, a heat insulation layer 6, a support back plate 7, a second temperature sensor 8, a filling material 9, a third temperature sensor 10, a first water pipe 11, a first control valve 12, a variable frequency water pump 13, a fourth temperature sensor 14, a flow sensor 15, a second water pipe 16, a second control valve 17, a hot water tank 18 and a cold water tank 19.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in combination with the drawings of the specification.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the embodiment provides an intelligent solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector, which comprises a photovoltaic cell panel 2, a heat insulating layer 6, a supporting back plate 7, a metal frame 1 and a waste heat recovery system, wherein the photovoltaic cell panel 2 and the heat insulating layer 6 are arranged at a preset interval to form an air layer 5, the waste heat recovery system comprises a heat exchange tube 4 arranged in the air layer and the upper part of which is close to the photovoltaic cell panel, a first water tube 11, a first control valve 12 arranged on the first water tube, a variable frequency water pump 13 arranged on the first water tube, a second water tube 16, a second control valve 17 arranged on the second water tube, a hot water tank 18 and an intelligent control device, the heat exchange tube 4 is provided with a heat exchange tube water inlet and a heat exchange tube water outlet, the heat exchange tube water inlet and the heat exchange tube water outlet are preferably arranged outside the metal frame, the water inlet of the first water tube 11 is, the delivery port communicates with heat exchange tube water inlet, the water inlet and the heat exchange tube delivery port of second water pipe 16 communicate, and the delivery port setting is on 18 inner chamber upper portions of hot-water tank, wherein, for making the heat exchange tube absorb photovoltaic cell panel's heat better, can set up filler 9 between air bed and the heat exchange tube, filler can be heat conduction material, heat accumulation material or phase change material. It should be noted that the structure of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector in the embodiment may adopt any structure of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector in the prior art, and is not limited to the structures in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
The waste heat recovery system further comprises a first temperature sensor 3 arranged in an air layer, a second temperature sensor 8 arranged on a heat exchange tube in the air layer, a third temperature sensor 10 arranged at a water inlet of the heat exchange tube, a fourth temperature sensor 14 arranged at a water outlet of the heat exchange tube and a flow sensor 15 arranged on the first water tube or the second water tube, wherein the first temperature sensor 3 is used for detecting the air temperature in the air layer, the second temperature sensor 8 is used for detecting the water temperature in the heat exchange tube, and the third temperature sensor 10 is used for detecting the inlet water temperature at the water inlet of the heat exchange tube; the fourth temperature sensor 14 is used for detecting the outlet water temperature at the water outlet of the heat exchange tube; the intelligent control device is respectively connected with the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor, the flow sensor, the first control valve, the second control valve and the variable-frequency water pump.
The intelligent control device comprises a monitoring module, a first acquisition module, a first control module, an acquisition module, a first calculation module, a judgment module, a second control module, a third control module, a second calculation module and a fourth control module.
The monitoring module is used for monitoring whether the current time is in a preset heat recovery time period, wherein the preset heat recovery time period comprises a first preset heat recovery time period and a second preset heat recovery time period after the first preset heat recovery time period.
Specifically, the preset heat recovery time period is a time period in which the daytime illumination intensity and the air temperature are relatively high, and for more accurate control, the preset heat recovery time period may be a plurality of time periods, which are set by a user or preset by a manufacturer, for example, the preset heat recovery time period is 09: 30-10: 29, 10: 30-11: 29, 11: 30-12: 29, 12: 30-13: 29, 13: 30-14: 29, 14: 30-15: 30, and the like, the first preset heat recovery time period is used for judging the heat absorption condition of the waste heat recovery system, the time is set as short as possible, preferably 2 min-5 min, the second preset heat recovery time period is used for recovering the heat of the photovoltaic cell panel, and the time is relatively long, that is, the time of the first preset heat recovery time period is preferably far shorter than the time of the second preset heat recovery time period, for example, in the time period 10: 30-11: 29, the time period of 10: 30-10: 35 is a first preset heat recovery time period, and the time period of 10: 30-11: 29 is a second preset heat recovery time period.
The first obtaining module is used for obtaining the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in the air layer in real time when the current time is just in a first preset heat recovery time period, and the sum of the first preset time and the second preset time is the time length of the first preset heat recovery time period.
The first control module is used for controlling the variable frequency water pump to operate at a preset flow rate for a first preset time and then close for a second preset time, and controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to open for the first preset time and then close for the second preset time.
In particular, as the water temperature of the water in the heat exchange tube is improved to a certain extent when the water absorbs the heat of the photovoltaic cell panel in the previous time period, in order to better judge the heat absorption condition of the waste heat recovery system in the current time period, controlling the variable frequency water pump to operate at a preset flow rate for a first preset time to convey hot water in the heat exchange pipe to the hot water tank and low-temperature tap water into the heat exchange pipe to ensure that the hot water and the low-temperature tap water fully absorb heat of the photovoltaic cell panel in a second preset time, controlling the variable frequency water pump for the second preset time after the first preset time, wherein the time period corresponding to the first preset time and the time period corresponding to the second preset time are first preset heat recovery time periods, for example, in a first preset heat recovery time period of 10: 30-10: 35, the time period of 10: 30-10: 31 is a time period corresponding to a first preset time, and the time period of 10: 32-10: 35 is a time period corresponding to a second preset time.
And S3, recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump operates for the first preset time as A1 and the air temperature in the air layer as B1, and recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump is turned off for the second preset time as A2 and the air temperature in the air layer as B2.
The acquisition module is used for recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump operates for the first preset time as A1 and the air temperature in the air layer as B1, and recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump is turned off for the second preset time as A2 and the air temperature in the air layer as B2.
The first calculation module is used for estimating the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in the second preset time according to a calculation formula of the water temperature A1 in the heat exchange pipe, the air temperature B1 in the air layer, the water temperature A2 in the heat exchange pipe, the air temperature B2 in the air layer, the preset air layer quality, the water quality in the preset heat exchange pipe and the preset heat absorption capacity.
Specifically, in a time period corresponding to a second preset time, the temperature rise of the air layer and the water temperature rise in the heat exchange pipe are almost all caused by heat of the photovoltaic cell panel, and because the sunlight illumination intensity and the ambient temperature generally cannot suddenly change in a short time, the heat absorption capacity and the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system estimated in the first preset heat recovery time period in the second preset time are used as reference bases for controlling the variable-frequency water pump in the second preset heat recovery time period, so that the variable-frequency water pump can operate with reasonable flow parameters in the second preset heat recovery time period, wherein the heat absorption capacity calculation formula is as follows:
J=Q/T=[C1*M1*(A2-A1)+ C2*M2*(B2-B1)]/T；
j-average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time;
q-heat absorption capacity of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time;
c1-specific heat capacity of water;
m1-the water mass in the preset heat exchange tube, and is calculated according to the water mass and the water density in the preset heat exchange tube;
c2-specific heat capacity of air;
m2-difference between the mass of the preset air layer and the mass of the water in the preset heat exchange tube,
t-a second preset time.
It should be noted that, when the filler 9 is provided in the air layer in the present embodiment, the specific heat capacity parameter of the filler in the heat absorption amount calculation formula should be substituted for the specific heat capacity C2 parameter of air.
The judging module is used for judging whether the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power or not when the current time is within a second preset heat recovery time period.
And the second control module is used for controlling the variable-frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed when the average heat absorption power is less than or equal to the preset average heat absorption power.
Specifically, the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell panel during power generation is generally related to the sunlight illumination intensity and the ambient temperature, and when the sunlight illumination intensity or the ambient temperature is low, the generated heat is small, and at this time, the waste heat recovery system does not need to recover the heat of the photovoltaic cell panel, and in this embodiment, whether the waste heat recovery system works is determined by judging whether the average heat absorption power is greater than the preset average heat absorption power.
The third control module is used for controlling the variable-frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be opened when the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power;
the second calculation module is used for acquiring the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow of the water pump in real time when the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power, and calculating the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system according to the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow of the water pump.
Specifically, the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is calculated in real time according to a calculation formula for acquiring the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube, the flow of the water pump and the heat absorption power in real time, wherein the calculation formula for the heat absorption power is as follows:
X=с×ρ×ν×（t2-t1）；
the heat absorption power of the X-waste heat recovery system, C-specific heat capacity of water, rho-water density, v-water pump flow, t 2-outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and t 1-inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube.
The fourth control module is used for adjusting the flow speed of the variable frequency water pump according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system, so that the adjusted heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is matched with the average heat absorption power.
Specifically, the flow speed of the variable frequency water pump is adjusted according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system, so that the flow of the variable frequency is in a reasonable parameter range, the waste heat recovery system absorbs heat according to the actual heat productivity of the photovoltaic cell panel, the heat collection performance of the heat collector is improved to the maximum, and the power consumption of the water pump is further reduced.
In order to better realize that the heat absorption power of the adjusted waste heat recovery system is matched with the average heat absorption power, the fourth control module specifically comprises a calculating unit, a judging unit, a determining unit and an adjusting unit;
the computing unit is used for computing the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system;
the judgment unit is used for judging whether the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is within a preset difference value range or not;
the determining unit is used for determining that the average heat absorption power is not matched with the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system when the difference value is not within the preset difference value range;
and the adjusting unit is used for adjusting the flow of the variable-frequency water pump according to the difference value.
Preferably, the intelligent control device further comprises a fifth control module, and the fifth control module is used for controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed when the current time is not within the preset heat recovery time period.
On the basis of the structure of the intelligent solar photovoltaic and photothermal heat collector, the embodiment also provides a control method of the intelligent solar photovoltaic and photothermal heat collector, wherein the control method comprises the following steps:
s1, monitoring whether the current time is in a preset heat recovery time period or not, wherein the preset heat recovery time period comprises a first preset heat recovery time period and a second preset heat recovery time period after the first preset heat recovery time period.
Specifically, the preset heat recovery time period is a time period in which the light intensity and the air temperature are relatively high in the daytime, in order to more accurately control the operation of the heat collector, the preset heat recovery time period may be a plurality of time periods, and is set by a user or preset by a manufacturer, for example, the preset heat recovery time period is 09:30 to 10:29, 10:30 to 11:29, 11:30 to 12:29, 12:30 to 13:29, 13:30 to 14:29, 14:30 to 15:30, and the like, the first preset heat recovery time period is used for judging the heat absorption condition of the waste heat recovery system, the time is set as short as possible, preferably 2min to 5min, the second preset heat recovery time period is used for recovering the heat of the photovoltaic cell panel, and the time is relatively long, that is, that the duration of the first preset heat recovery time period is preferably much shorter than the duration of the second preset heat recovery time period, for example, in the time period 10:30 to 11:29, the time period of 10: 30-10: 35 is a first preset heat recovery time period, and the time period of 10: 30-11: 29 is a second preset heat recovery time period.
S2, when the current time is just in a first preset heat recovery time period, acquiring the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in the air layer in real time, controlling the variable frequency water pump to operate at a preset flow rate for a first preset time and then close for a second preset time, controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to open for the first preset time and then close for the second preset time, wherein the sum of the first preset time and the second preset time is the time length of the first preset heat recovery time period.
In particular, as the water temperature of the water in the heat exchange tube is improved to a certain extent when the water absorbs the heat of the photovoltaic cell panel in the previous time period, in order to better judge the heat absorption condition of the waste heat recovery system in the current time period, controlling the variable frequency water pump to operate at a preset flow rate for a first preset time to convey hot water in the heat exchange pipe to the hot water tank and low-temperature tap water into the heat exchange pipe to ensure that the hot water and the low-temperature tap water fully absorb heat of the photovoltaic cell panel in a second preset time, controlling the variable frequency water pump to be closed for the second preset time after the first preset time, wherein the time period corresponding to the first preset time and the time period corresponding to the second preset time are first preset heat recovery time periods, for example, in a first preset heat recovery time period of 10: 30-10: 35, the time period of 10: 30-10: 31 is a time period corresponding to a first preset time, and the time period of 10: 32-10: 35 is a time period corresponding to a second preset time.
And S3, recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump operates for the first preset time as A1 and the air temperature in the air layer as B1, and recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump is turned off for the second preset time as A2 and the air temperature in the air layer as B2.
And S4, estimating the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in the second preset time according to a calculation formula of the water temperature A1 in the heat exchange pipe, the air temperature B1 in the air layer, the water temperature A2 in the heat exchange pipe, the air temperature B2 in the air layer, the preset air layer quality, the water quality in the preset heat exchange pipe and the preset heat absorption amount.
Specifically, in a time period corresponding to a second preset time, the temperature rise of the air layer and the water temperature rise in the heat exchange pipe are almost all caused by heat of the photovoltaic cell panel, and because the sunlight illumination intensity and the ambient temperature generally cannot suddenly change in a short time, the heat absorption capacity and the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system estimated in the first preset heat recovery time period in the second preset time are used as reference bases for controlling the variable-frequency water pump in the second preset heat recovery time period, so that the variable-frequency water pump can operate with reasonable flow parameters in the second preset heat recovery time period, wherein the heat absorption capacity calculation formula is as follows:
J=Q/T=[C1*M1*(A2-A1)+ C2*M2*(B2-B1)]/T；
j-average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time;
q-heat absorption capacity of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time;
c1-specific heat capacity of water;
m1-the water mass in the preset heat exchange tube, and is calculated according to the water mass and the water density in the preset heat exchange tube;
c2-specific heat capacity of air;
m2-difference between the mass of the preset air layer and the mass of the water in the preset heat exchange tube,
t-a second preset time.
It should be noted that, when the filler 9 is provided in the air layer in the present embodiment, the specific heat capacity parameter of the filler in the heat absorption amount calculation formula should be substituted for the specific heat capacity C2 parameter of air.
And S5, when the current time is in a second preset heat recovery time period, judging whether the average heat absorption power is larger than a preset average heat absorption power.
And S6, when the average heat absorption power is smaller than or equal to the preset average heat absorption power, controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed.
Specifically, the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell panel during power generation is generally related to the sunlight illumination intensity and the ambient temperature, and when the sunlight illumination intensity or the ambient temperature is low, the generated heat is small, and at this time, the waste heat recovery system does not need to recover the heat of the photovoltaic cell panel, and in this embodiment, whether the waste heat recovery system works is determined by judging whether the average heat absorption power is greater than the preset average heat absorption power.
S7, when the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power, controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be opened, acquiring the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow rate of the water pump in real time, and calculating the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system according to the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow rate of the water pump.
Specifically, the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is calculated in real time according to a calculation formula for acquiring the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube, the flow of the water pump and the heat absorption power in real time, wherein the calculation formula for the heat absorption power is as follows:
X=с×ρ×ν×（t2-t1）；
the heat absorption power of the X-waste heat recovery system, C-specific heat capacity of water, rho-water density, v-water pump flow, t 2-outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and t 1-inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube.
S8, adjusting the flow speed of the variable frequency water pump according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system, and enabling the adjusted heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system to be matched with the average heat absorption power.
Specifically, the flow rate of the variable frequency water pump is adjusted according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system, so that the flow of the variable frequency water pump is in a reasonable parameter range, the waste heat recovery system absorbs heat according to the actual heat productivity of the photovoltaic cell panel, the heat collection performance of the heat collector is improved to the maximum, and the power consumption of the water pump is further reduced.
In order to better realize that the heat absorption power of the adjusted waste heat recovery system is matched with the average heat absorption power, the step of adjusting the flow speed of the variable frequency water pump according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system comprises the following steps:
s11, calculating the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system;
s12, judging whether the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is within a preset difference value range.
Specifically, in order to reduce the adjustment frequency of the variable frequency water pump and prolong the service life of the variable frequency water pump, when the difference between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is not within a preset difference range, the flow rate of the variable frequency water pump is adjusted, and when the difference between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is within the preset difference range, the flow rate of the variable frequency water pump is not adjusted, wherein the preset difference range comprises a maximum value and a minimum value, and the preset difference range can be set according to the average heat absorption power and a preset proportion, for example, the maximum value is 1.1 times of the average heat absorption power, and the minimum value is 0.9 times of the average.
S13, when the difference value is not within the preset difference value range, determining that the average heat absorption power is not matched with the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system;
and S14, adjusting the flow rate of the variable frequency water pump according to the difference value.
Specifically, the flow control technology for adjusting the variable frequency water pump according to the difference value can be obtained by a large number of experimental analyses, and if the difference value is within the range of 0-200W, the flow of the variable frequency water pump is controlled to be increased by 5%, and if the difference value is within the range of 200-400W, the flow of the variable frequency water pump is controlled to be increased by 10%, and if the difference value is within the range of-200W-0W, the flow of the variable frequency water pump is controlled to be decreased by 5%, and the existing PID control technology can also be adopted.
In order to more accurately adjust the flow rate of the variable-frequency water pump according to the difference, the step of adjusting the flow rate of the variable-frequency water pump according to the difference comprises the following steps:
determining the change trend of the difference value at the current moment according to the difference value at the previous moment and the difference value at the current moment;
determining the adjustment amplitude for adjusting the variable frequency water pump according to the difference value and the change trend of the difference value at the current moment;
and adjusting the flow of the variable-frequency water pump according to the adjustment amplitude.
Specifically, when the flow of the variable frequency water pump is adjusted according to the adjustment range in a PID control mode, the adjustment range of the water pump can be further accurately controlled by combining the variation trend of the difference value, so that the average heat absorption power is matched with the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system more quickly; thereby enabling the waste heat recovery system to operate for a longer time with the maximum heat collection performance. For example, if the difference value at the current time is large and the trend of the difference value is large, the adjustment degree is continuously increased, and if the difference value at the current time is large and the trend of the difference value is small, the adjustment degree or the proper adjustment degree is continuously maintained.
In this embodiment, the working time period of the waste heat recovery system in the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector mainly focuses on the time when the heat of the photovoltaic cell panel is more, that is, the time period when the sunlight illumination intensity is greater or the ambient temperature is higher, in order to better control the working of the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector, the control method further includes the following steps:
and S9, controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed when the current time is not in the preset heat recovery time period.
It should be noted that the control method in this embodiment is also applicable to a plurality of solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collectors, that is, the same variable frequency water pump is used for controlling the water flow of the heat exchange tube in each solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector.
The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description, and any other products with the same or similar technical solutions as or to the present invention, regardless of the shape or structure, are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an intelligent solar photovoltaic light and heat collector, includes photovoltaic cell board, heat preservation, supports backplate, metal crate and waste heat recovery system, waste heat recovery system includes heat exchange tube, first water pipe, first control valve, frequency conversion water pump, second water pipe, second control valve, hot-water tank and intelligent control device, a serial communication port, waste heat recovery system still includes the first temperature sensor who sets up in the air zone, sets up the second temperature sensor on the heat exchange tube, sets up the third temperature sensor at the heat exchange tube water inlet, sets up the fourth temperature sensor at the heat exchange tube delivery port and sets up the flow sensor on first water pipe, intelligent control device includes monitoring module, first acquisition module, first control module, collection module, first calculation module, judgment module, second control module, third control module, the flow sensor of intelligent control device, The second calculation module and the fourth control module;
the monitoring module is used for monitoring whether the current time is in a preset heat recovery time period or not, wherein the preset heat recovery time period comprises a first preset heat recovery time period and a second preset heat recovery time period after the first preset heat recovery time period;
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in the air layer in real time when the current time is just within a first preset heat recovery time period, and the sum of the first preset time and the second preset time is the time length of the first preset heat recovery time period;
the first control module is used for controlling the variable frequency water pump to operate at a preset flow rate for a first preset time and then close for a second preset time, and controlling the first control valve and the second control valve to open for the first preset time and then close for the second preset time;
the acquisition module is used for recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump operates for the first preset time as A1 and the air temperature in the air layer as B1, and recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe after the variable frequency water pump is turned off for the second preset time as A2 and the air temperature in the air layer as B2;
the first calculation module is used for estimating the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in the second preset time according to a calculation formula of water temperature A1 in the heat exchange pipe, air temperature B1 in the air layer, water temperature A2 in the heat exchange pipe, air temperature B2 in the air layer, preset air layer quality, water quality in the preset heat exchange pipe and preset heat absorption capacity;
the judging module is used for judging whether the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power or not when the current time is within a second preset heat recovery time period;
the second control module is used for controlling the variable-frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed when the average heat absorption power is smaller than or equal to the preset average heat absorption power;
the third control module is used for controlling the variable-frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be opened when the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power;
the second calculation module is used for acquiring the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow of the water pump in real time when the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power, and calculating the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system according to the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow of the water pump;
the fourth control module is used for adjusting the flow speed of the variable frequency water pump according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system, so that the adjusted heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is matched with the average heat absorption power.
2. The intelligent solar photovoltaic photothermal collector according to claim 1, wherein said fourth control module comprises a calculation unit, a determination unit and an adjustment unit,
the computing unit is used for computing the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system;
the judgment unit is used for judging whether the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is within a preset difference value range or not;
the determining unit is used for determining that the average heat absorption power is not matched with the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system when the difference value is not within the preset difference value range;
and the adjusting unit is used for adjusting the flow of the variable-frequency water pump according to the difference value.
3. The intelligent solar photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 1,
the heat absorption quantity calculation formula is as follows:
J=[C1*M1*(A2-A1)+ C2*M2*(B2-B1)]/T；
j-average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time;
c1-specific heat capacity of water;
m1-the water mass in the preset heat exchange tube, and is calculated according to the water mass and the water density in the preset heat exchange tube;
c2-specific heat capacity of air;
m2-difference between the mass of the preset air layer and the mass of the water in the preset heat exchange tube,
t-a second preset time.
4. The control method of the intelligent solar photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent control device further comprises a fifth control module, and the fifth control module is used for controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed when the current time is not within the preset heat recovery time period.
5. The control method of the intelligent solar photovoltaic thermal collector of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control method comprises the following steps:
s1, monitoring whether the current time is in a preset heat recovery time period or not, wherein the preset heat recovery time period comprises a first preset heat recovery time period and a second preset heat recovery time period after the first preset heat recovery time period;
s2, when the current time is just within a first preset heat recovery time period, acquiring the water temperature in a heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in an air layer in real time, controlling a variable frequency water pump to operate at a preset flow rate for a first preset time and then close for a second preset time, controlling a first control valve and a second control valve to open for the first preset time and then close for the second preset time, wherein the sum of the first preset time and the second preset time is the time length of the first preset heat recovery time period;
s3, recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in the air layer as A1 and B1 after the variable frequency water pump operates for the first preset time, and recording the water temperature in the heat exchange pipe and the air temperature in the air layer as A2 and B2 after the variable frequency water pump is turned off for the second preset time;
s4, estimating the average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time according to a water temperature A1 in the heat exchange pipe, an air temperature B1 in the air layer, a water temperature A2 in the heat exchange pipe, an air temperature B2 in the air layer, the preset air layer quality, the water quality in the preset heat exchange pipe and a preset heat absorption quantity calculation formula;
s5, when the current time is within a second preset heat recovery time period, judging whether the average heat absorption power is larger than a preset average heat absorption power;
s6, when the average heat absorption power is smaller than or equal to the preset average heat absorption power, controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed;
s7, when the average heat absorption power is larger than the preset average heat absorption power, controlling a variable frequency water pump, a first control valve and a second control valve to be opened, acquiring the inlet water temperature at the inlet of a heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow rate of a water pump in real time, and calculating the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system according to the inlet water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the outlet water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchange tube and the flow rate of the water pump;
s8, adjusting the flow speed of the variable frequency water pump according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system, and enabling the adjusted heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system to be matched with the average heat absorption power.
6. The control method of the intelligent solar photovoltaic photo-thermal collector according to claim 5, wherein the step of adjusting the flow rate of the variable frequency water pump according to the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system specifically comprises:
calculating the difference value of the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system;
judging whether the difference value between the average heat absorption power and the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system is within a preset difference value range or not;
when the difference is not within the preset difference range, determining that the average heat absorption power is not matched with the heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system;
and adjusting the flow of the variable-frequency water pump according to the difference.
7. The control method of the intelligent solar photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 5, wherein the control method comprises the steps of,
the heat absorption quantity calculation formula is as follows:
J=[C1*M1*(A2-A1)+ [C2*M2*(B2-B1)]/T；
j-average heat absorption power of the waste heat recovery system in a second preset time;
c1-specific heat capacity of water;
m1-the water mass in the preset heat exchange tube, and is calculated according to the water mass and the water density in the preset heat exchange tube;
c2-specific heat capacity of air;
m2-difference between the mass of the preset air layer and the mass of the water in the preset heat exchange tube,
t-a second preset time.
8. The control method of the intelligent solar photovoltaic thermal collector according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of:
and S9, controlling the variable frequency water pump, the first control valve and the second control valve to be closed when the current time is not in the preset heat recovery time period.
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Effective date of registration: 20231030 Address after: 253000 Workshop 1 of Shandong Shengfengda New Energy Co., Ltd., 2228 Jinghua Avenue, Songguantun Sub District Office, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dezhou City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Shandong shengtuoke Solar Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 60, Mingyuan Road, Taiping Street, Wenling City, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: Wu Meijun |