CN110985625B - Stepless speed change device with built-in speed regulation component - Google Patents
Stepless speed change device with built-in speed regulation component Download PDFInfo
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- CN110985625B CN110985625B CN201911387620.4A CN201911387620A CN110985625B CN 110985625 B CN110985625 B CN 110985625B CN 201911387620 A CN201911387620 A CN 201911387620A CN 110985625 B CN110985625 B CN 110985625B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
- F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
- F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
- F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
- F16H9/16—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts
- F16H9/18—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts only one flange of each pulley being adjustable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
- B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/021—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/021—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
- F16H2037/025—CVT's in which the ratio coverage is used more than once to produce the overall transmission ratio coverage, e.g. by shift to end of range, then change ratio in sub-transmission and shift CVT through range once again
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of power mechanical transmissions, and particularly relates to a stepless speed change device with a built-in speed regulation component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power mechanical transmissions, and particularly relates to a conical disc type continuously variable transmission, in particular to a conical disc type continuously variable transmission with a speed regulation part arranged in a conical disc.
Background
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, a series of electromechanical control conical disc type stepless transmissions have become mature, and are widely applied to roads, non-road vehicles and general machines due to low cost, high efficiency and high reliability. Particularly, the adaptability to pure electric running conditions promotes the electric automobile to be gradually applied to the electric automobile.
The main system functions of the cone disk type continuously variable transmission are a pressurizing function for a pair of friction pairs of a cone disk and a flexible transmission element for ensuring power transmission and a speed regulating function for regulating the axial distance between a fixed cone disk and a movable cone disk.
A typical speed regulating system is disclosed in Chinese patent CN103867678A A cone disk type stepless speed changer, and is realized by a speed regulating mechanism which is sleeved on a cone disk shaft and is arranged on a ball screw structure on a movable cone disk. The speed regulating mechanism has good rigidity and is well applied to large-torque application, such as non-road vehicles. But for medium and small-sized vehicles and other small torque applications, the speed regulating mechanism has the problems of higher cost and poorer heat dissipation. Particularly, the contradiction between the cost, the weight and the size is more obvious for small and medium-sized vehicles with smaller installation space and higher cost requirements.
Chinese patent CN106641143A cone disc type stepless speed variator speed regulation mechanism and the cone disc type stepless speed variator, and CN105972179A cone disc type stepless speed variator and its speed regulation mechanism disclose shifting fork type speed regulation mechanism respectively, which better solve the problems of heat dissipation and lubrication. However, the defects of the structural size and the weight of the mechanism cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a conical disc type continuously variable transmission with low cost, compact structure and good transmission efficiency.
The method is realized by the following technical means:
a stepless speed change device with a built-in speed regulation component comprises a conical disk shaft system I, a conical disk shaft system II, a speed regulation shaft system and a power coupling shaft;
the cone disc shafting I and the cone disc shafting II comprise a fixed cone disc, a movable cone disc and a speed regulating mechanism, at least one of the cone disc shafting I and the cone disc shafting II further comprises a pressurizing mechanism, the cone disc shafting I and the cone disc shafting II transmit power through a flexible transmission element, the flexible transmission element is clamped between the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc of the cone disc shafting I and the cone disc shafting II, the speed regulating mechanism is used for driving the movable cone disc to axially move, the pressurizing mechanism is used for providing axial force required by the flexible transmission element for transmitting torque, the conical surface of the fixed cone disc, which is opposite to the movable cone disc, is set as a conical surface of a straight bus or a curved bus, a cone disc shaft sleeve is fixedly connected onto the conical surface, and an inner hole or an outer cylindrical surface of the cone disc shaft sleeve is provided with a spline or other connecting structure which allows axial relative movement but does; the conical surface of the movable conical disc, which is opposite to the fixed conical disc, is a conical surface of a straight bus or a curved bus, a conical disc shaft sleeve is fixedly connected on the conical surface, a spline or other connecting structures which allow axial relative motion but do not allow relative rotation are arranged on an inner hole or an outer cylindrical surface of the conical disc shaft sleeve, and the fixed conical disc and the movable conical disc are mutually matched and connected through the spline or other connecting structures which allow axial relative motion but do not allow relative rotation, which are respectively arranged on the fixed conical disc and the movable conical disc; 1 or more than 2 intermediate bearings are arranged in an inner hole of the conical disc through which the conical disc shaft sleeve to which the spline belongs;
the built-in speed regulating component is formed by internally arranging a speed regulating screw in a conical disc.
The speed regulating mechanism comprises a speed regulating screw rod and a speed regulating gear, wherein the speed regulating screw rod comprises a speed regulating screw rod and a speed regulating nut; the speed regulating screw is arranged in a conical disc shaft sleeve of the movable conical disc or the fixed conical disc and is coaxial with the conical disc shaft sleeve, and the speed regulating screw is connected with the intermediate bearing; the speed regulating nut is sleeved outside the speed regulating screw, the speed regulating screw is connected with the speed regulating nut in a spiral mode, a speed regulating gear is fixedly connected outside the speed regulating nut or the speed regulating screw, and the speed regulating gear is connected with a speed regulating shaft system through gear meshing or a chain.
The pressurizing mechanism of one of the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II comprises a pressurizing cam, a pre-pressing spring and a spring seat, and the pressurizing mechanism of the other one of the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II also comprises a pressurizing cam, a pre-pressing spring and a spring seat, or the pressurizing mechanism is not provided with a pre-pressing spring and a spring seat, or the shafting is not provided with a pressurizing mechanism.
Wherein, because the pre-compression spring provides the clamping force at the moment when the continuously variable transmission starts to rotate, the clamping force is provided by the compression cam after the clamping force formed by the external load through the cam is greater than the pressure of the disc spring.
Because the clamping force is transmitted from one group of conical disks to the other group of conical disks through the flexible transmission element, friction loss exists, the pre-compression springs are respectively arranged on 2 conical disk shafting, the pressure of the pre-compression springs can be effectively reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the system is improved.
However, the pre-compression spring forms an elastic link in the transmission line, and when an external power source, the whole motion system and the dynamic characteristics of the elastic link are matched, the system can oscillate, and the transmission stability is influenced. Therefore, in some system combination modes, the pre-compression spring of a certain conical disc shafting is also required to be eliminated. Particularly in applications with less power, the combination of the pressing cam and the pre-compression spring can be eliminated, and the pressing spring can be used instead of the pressing cam and the pre-compression spring.
Design of the pressurizing cam: the two conical disc shaft systems are respectively provided with a pressurizing cam, and only one conical disc shaft system is provided with a pressurizing cam, so that high-efficiency areas can be formed in different working ranges. According to the distribution of the common working intervals of the system, different pressurizing cam settings can be selected, so that the full working condition efficiency of the system is optimized.
The pressurizing cam is provided with cam raceways which are distributed circumferentially, and the pressurizing cam is in rolling connection with the cam raceway on the back of the fixed cone disc or a cam provided with a raceway and fixedly connected with the fixed cone disc through a roller (preferably a spherical roller); one side of the pressurizing cam, which is back to the cam roller path, is provided with the pre-compression spring, one end of the pre-compression spring is tightly pressed on the pressurizing cam, and the other end of the pre-compression spring is tightly pressed on the spring seat; the spring seat is provided with a bearing seat and a spline or other structures which allow axial movement but not mutual rotation, the spring seat is connected with the pressurizing cam through the spline on the spring seat or other structures which allow axial movement but not mutual rotation, the bearing seat is fixedly connected on the spring seat, the spring seat is connected with the speed regulating screw rod through a main bearing arranged in the bearing seat on the spring seat, and the main bearing can bear axial loads in radial direction and at least one direction;
the speed regulating shaft system comprises a speed regulating shaft, a speed regulating shaft gear, a speed regulating and reducing mechanism and a speed regulating driver; the speed-regulating and speed-reducing mechanism is a gear, a worm gear, a planet or other forms of speed-reducing mechanism which is arranged between the speed-regulating driving machine and the speed-regulating shaft and can convert the rotating speed of the speed-regulating driving machine into the rotating speed of the proper speed-regulating shaft; the speed regulating shaft is provided with at least 1 speed regulating shaft gear, the speed regulating shaft gear is arranged at a position on the speed regulating shaft corresponding to the speed regulating gear in the speed regulating mechanism on the conical disc shafting, the speed regulating shaft gear is connected with the speed regulating gear in the speed regulating mechanism on the conical disc shafting in a gear meshing or chain transmission mode, one end of the speed regulating and reducing mechanism is connected with the speed regulating driving machine, the other end of the speed regulating and reducing mechanism is connected with the speed regulating shaft, and the speed regulating driving machine is used for driving the speed regulating shaft gear to rotate;
the power coupling shaft is used for inputting and/or outputting power to the conical disc shaft system, and the power coupling shaft and the conical disc shaft system are coaxial or not.
Preferably, the conical disc shafting II is arranged in the same way as the conical disc shafting I and in the opposite arrangement direction.
Preferably, the intermediate bearing is a needle roller or roller bearing.
Preferably, the speed regulating screw is connected with the speed regulating nut in a sliding spiral or rolling spiral mode.
Preferably, the main load bearing is a cone bearing, or an angular contact bearing, or a four point contact bearing.
Preferably, the pre-compression spring is a disc spring.
Preferably, a bearing is arranged between the speed regulation nut and the butted moving cone disc, an inner ring of the bearing is in direct or indirect contact with the speed regulation nut, an outer ring of the bearing is in contact with the moving cone disc, and the moving cone disc is provided with a working part of the outer ring of the bearing.
Preferably, the chain is a toothed chain, more preferably a toothed silent chain.
Preferably, the spline housing is motor driven.
Preferably, the speed adjusting screw support bearing is a cone bearing, an angular contact bearing or a four-point contact bearing.
Preferably, the speed regulating screw is provided with axial and radial oil holes in the middle to ensure the lubrication and cooling of the intermediate bearing.
Preferably, the inner hole of the conical disc shaft sleeve is provided with a retaining ring to prevent the bearing from falling off during operation.
Alternatively, the pressurizing mechanism comprises one or a group of pressurizing springs, one end of each pressurizing spring is pressed on the fixed conical disc, and the other end of each pressurizing spring is pressed on the spring seat. The compression spring is preferably one, or a stack of disc springs.
Preferably, the back of the conical surface of the fixed cone disc is provided with cam raceways distributed circumferentially or cams provided with such raceways are fixedly connected with the fixed cone disc.
Preferably, the number of the teeth of the speed regulation shaft gear meshed with the conical disc shafting I is
The number of teeth of the speed regulating gear of the conical disk shafting I is
The number of teeth of the speed regulating shaft gear meshed with the conical disc shafting II is
Speed regulating gear of conical disk shafting IINumber of teeth of
The lead of the speed regulating nut of the conical disc shafting I is
The lead of the speed regulating nut of the conical disc shafting II is
Said
And
satisfy the formula
。
Preferably, at least one of the conical disc shafting I or the conical disc shafting II is provided with a rotating speed signal generating structure, the rotating speed signal generating structure is a tooth-shaped structure, at least 15 teeth are distributed in the circumference, and the rotating speed signal generating structure is arranged on a fixed conical disc or a dynamic coupling shaft I or a dynamic coupling shaft II or a pressurizing cam or a spring seat on the conical disc shafting I or the conical disc shafting II.
Preferably, at least one of the conical disc shafting I or the conical disc shafting II is provided with 2 rotating speed signal generating structures, the rotating speed signal generating structures are tooth-shaped structures, at least 15 teeth are distributed in the circumference, one rotating speed signal generating structure is arranged on the fixed conical disc, and the other rotating speed signal generating structure is arranged on the power coupling shaft I or the conical disc shafting II or the pressurizing cam or the spring seat.
Preferably, a rotating speed sensor is arranged on the shell at a position corresponding to the rotating speed signal generating mechanism, and can send a rotating speed signal to the controller.
The electric automobile is provided with the stepless speed change device with the built-in speed regulating component, the power coupling shaft is connected with the motor, the stepless speed change device is connected with the differential mechanism through the speed reducing mechanism (preferably a gear speed reducing mechanism or a chain wheel and chain speed reducing mechanism or a bevel gear speed reducing mechanism), and the differential mechanism is respectively connected with wheels through the transmission shaft.
A hybrid electric vehicle is provided with a stepless speed change device with a built-in speed regulation component, a power coupling shaft and a conical disc shaft system I are arranged in a non-coaxial mode, the stepless speed change device is connected with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor through the power coupling shaft, a gear or a chain wheel is arranged on the power coupling shaft and connected with the conical disc shaft system I, the stepless speed change device is connected with a differential mechanism through a speed reduction mechanism (preferably a gear speed reduction mechanism or a chain wheel chain speed reduction mechanism or a bevel gear speed reduction mechanism), and the differential mechanism is connected with wheels through transmission shafts respectively.
Preferably, the hybrid vehicle has a power coupling shaft, both ends of which are connected to the internal combustion engine and the electric motor, respectively, and a clutch (preferably, a wet plate clutch) is provided between the internal combustion engine and the power coupling shaft, and a clutch (preferably, a wet plate clutch, a sleeve, a synchronizer, or a dog clutch) is provided in the gear reduction device.
The automobile driven by the internal combustion engine is provided with the stepless speed change device with the built-in speed regulation component, a power coupling shaft and a conical disc shafting I are arranged in a non-coaxial mode, the stepless speed change device is connected with the internal combustion engine and a motor through the power coupling shaft, a gear and a chain wheel are arranged on the power coupling shaft, the stepless speed change device is connected with a differential mechanism through a speed reduction mechanism (preferably a gear speed reduction mechanism or a chain wheel chain speed reduction mechanism or a bevel gear speed reduction mechanism), and the differential mechanism is connected with wheels through transmission shafts respectively.
Preferably, the gear and the sprocket on the power coupling shaft of the internal combustion engine-driven vehicle are connected to the power coupling shaft through a sleeve or a synchronizer, and a clutch (preferably, a wet plate clutch) is provided between the internal combustion engine and the power coupling shaft.
A kind of stepless speed change tractor, the said stepless speed change tractor includes front axle, rear axle, engine and is set up in the said speed governing part built-in stepless speed change gear between engine and rear axle; a multi-gear transmission is arranged between the stepless speed change device arranged in the speed regulating component and the rear axle; and a clutch is arranged between the stepless speed change device arranged in the speed regulation component and the engine, or between the stepless speed change device arranged in the speed regulation component and the multi-gear transmission, or in the multi-gear transmission.
The various bearings described in the present invention, such as the power input/output shaft support bearing, the moving cone side main bearing, the fixed cone side main bearing, the speed adjusting screw support bearing, the intermediate bearing, etc., are conventional bearings known in the art, and their names are named for distinguishing each other.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention provides a CVT without a hydraulic system. In the era of automotive electrodynamics, hydraulic systems are progressively being replaced by electromechanical control systems due to their drawbacks in terms of cost, efficiency, maintenance and adaptation to the dynamics of the electric powertrain. Since maintenance, energy consumption and one-time purchase cost account for most of costs of mobile working machines represented by agricultural machines and construction machines, an efficient, easily maintained and low-cost electromechanical control transmission system will also play an important role in this field.
Compared with various existing technical schemes (such as a technical scheme of a double-spiral structure, a technical scheme of three-axis speed regulation and the like), the speed regulation part is arranged in the conical disc, so that the system is more compact, the weight of the system is reduced, the lubrication and the cooling are facilitated, the cost is effectively reduced, and the efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the speed regulating screw can rotate from the outside under the condition that the box body is not disassembled, so that the maintenance and the adjustment are convenient.
Compared with the existing disc spring pressurizing technical scheme, the invention adopts the cam pressurizing, the pressurizing force can be adjusted in real time according to the external load, the motor or the engine runs in a state far lower than the peak power in most of time under the working condition of electric driving of the automobile, and the cam pressurizing can effectively improve the system reliability and the transmission efficiency. In the field of mobile operation machinery represented by agricultural machinery and engineering machinery, a large safety margin aiming at accidental impact load under severe working conditions does not need to be reserved in design, the power of an engine can be more fully utilized, more work can be performed in an engine high-efficiency area, and therefore energy consumption and emission are reduced.
The present invention proposes an axially more compact automatic transmission solution. The axial dimension is an important index for the application of automobiles, engineering machinery and agricultural machinery. Because the hybrid electric vehicle is provided with two sets of power systems, the arrangement space of a cabin is relatively tense, and the power assembly which is more compact in axial direction can be adapted to more complete vehicle platforms. The agricultural machinery such as a tractor with a smaller turning radius can effectively ensure the planting density and quality, and for small-area plots in south China, the agricultural machinery such as a tractor can effectively improve the operation efficiency and reduce the operation cost. The compact continuously variable transmission is applied to engineering machinery such as a bulldozer or a loader, and can effectively reduce the turning radius, improve the operation efficiency and reduce the cost.
Compared with the multi-gear type speed changer widely adopted at present, the axial size cannot be effectively reduced because the gears of all gears are axially arranged. In the automotive field, in order to better match the operating characteristics of the engine and the motor, the number of gears is increasing (8-10 gears have become the mainstream, and the technical scheme of 13 gears is reported), so that the problem is more prominent. The problem is more prominent on engineering machinery and agricultural machinery. The typical gear of the tractor exceeds 20 gears, and products exceeding 40 gears account for a considerable proportion. The stepless speed change device with the speed regulation component arranged in the conical disc not only effectively reduces the axial size relative to a gear type multi-gear speed changer, but also effectively reduces the axial size relative to the prior art by arranging the speed regulation component in the conical disc shaft.
The pre-compression spring provides a clamping force at the moment when the continuously variable transmission starts to rotate, and the clamping force is provided by the compression cam after the clamping force formed by the external load through the cam is larger than the pressure of the disc spring. However, the pre-compression spring forms an elastic link in the transmission line, and when an external power source, the whole motion system and the dynamic characteristics of the elastic link are matched, the system can oscillate, and the transmission stability is influenced. For more dynamic power sources, such as low power motors used in small electric vehicles, this situation can significantly affect drivability. Therefore, in order to solve such problems, especially the application of small electric vehicles, the invention proposes a second solution, besides the pressurizing cam, to pressurize by a spring. Because the system power is small, the clamping force does not need to be too large, so that the transmission efficiency of the system is not influenced too much by stable spring pressurization, and the instability of transmission can be effectively avoided.
The two conical disc shaft systems are respectively provided with a pressurizing cam, and only one conical disc shaft system is provided with a pressurizing cam, so that high-efficiency areas can be formed in different working ranges. In order to adapt to more application fields, the invention provides that different pressurizing cam settings can be selected according to the distribution of the common working intervals of the system, so that the full working condition efficiency of the system is optimized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a configuration of a continuously variable transmission with a built-in speed adjusting part according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration corresponding to a development view and a side view of a continuously variable transmission with a built-in speed adjusting member according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one direction of a continuously variable transmission incorporating a speed adjusting member according to an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the continuously variable transmission incorporating the speed adjusting member of one embodiment in another direction.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a development view and a side view of a continuously variable transmission with a built-in speed adjusting part according to another embodiment.
Wherein: 001 conical disc shafting, 002 conical disc shafting, 1 power coupling shaft I, 2 oil seals, 3 power input/output shaft support bearings, 4 speed regulation driving motors, 5 spline sleeves, 6 spring seats, 7 pre-compression springs, 8 pressurizing cams, 9 rollers, 10 fixed conical discs, 11 flexible transmission elements, 12 movable conical discs, 13 movable conical disc side main bearing bearings, 14 speed regulation and reduction shafts, 15 speed regulation nuts, 16 speed regulation gears, 17 power coupling shafts II, 18 speed regulation shafts, 19 fixed conical disc side main bearing bearings, 20 speed regulation screw support bearings, 21 speed regulation screws, 22 intermediate bearings, 23 speed reduction mechanisms and 24 pressurizing disc springs.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Further description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings: the power coupling shaft of the embodiment is provided with two: the power coupling shaft I and the power coupling shaft II are coaxial with the conical disk shaft I and the conical disk shaft II respectively, and the stepless speed change device with the built-in speed regulation part shown in the figures 1-4 comprises a conical disk shaft I001, a conical disk shaft II 002, a speed regulation shaft 18, a power coupling shaft I1 and a power coupling shaft II 17.
In the embodiment, the power coupling shaft I1 is coaxial with the conical disc shaft system I, and the power coupling shaft II 17 is coaxial with the conical disc shaft system I.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the speed-adjusting shafting is disposed between two conical disk shafting and in the cross section of three shafting, the three shafts are arranged in a triangular manner, and the conical disk shafting I and the conical disk shafting II of the embodiment include a fixed conical disk 10, a movable conical disk 12, a pressurizing mechanism and a speed-adjusting mechanism.
And 2 pairs of fixed cone discs and movable cone discs on 2 cone disc shafting clamp the flexible transmission element 11 to transmit power.
The fixed cone disk 10 is provided with a conical surface of a straight bus or a curved bus and a cone disk shaft sleeve fixedly connected with the conical surface, and the inner hole or the outer cylindrical surface of the cone disk shaft sleeve is provided with a spline.
The movable conical disc 12 is provided with a conical surface of a straight bus or a curved bus and a conical disc shaft sleeve fixedly connected with the conical surface, and the inner hole or the outer cylindrical surface of the conical disc shaft sleeve is provided with a spline.
The fixed cone disk 10 and the movable cone disk 12 are connected with each other in a matching way through splines respectively arranged on the fixed cone disk and the movable cone disk.
The conical disk to which the spline belongs is provided with 1 or more than 2 intermediate bearings 22 in the inner hole of the conical disk shaft sleeve, and the needle bearing is preferred in the embodiment.
Wherein the oil seal 2 is arranged outside the power coupling shaft and used for sealing lubricating oil and preventing the lubricating oil from leaking. The power coupling shaft support bearing is disposed between the power coupling shaft and the housing.
The speed regulating screw has axial and radial oil holes in the middle to ensure the lubrication and cooling of the middle bearing 22.
The outer side of the end part of the middle bearing 22 is provided with a retaining ring on the inner hole of the conical disc to prevent the bearing from falling off when in operation.
The back of the conical surface of the fixed cone disk 10 is provided with cam raceways distributed circumferentially (as shown in fig. 1).
The speed regulating mechanism comprises a set of speed regulating screw rod and a speed regulating gear 16.
The speed regulation screw rod comprises a speed regulation screw rod 21 and a speed regulation nut 15.
The speed regulation screw 21 is arranged in the conical disc shaft sleeve and is coaxial with the conical disc shaft sleeve. And the conical disk shaft sleeve is connected with a middle bearing 22 arranged in the inner hole of the conical disk shaft sleeve.
The speed regulating screw 21 is in rolling spiral connection with the speed regulating nut 15.
The speed regulating nut 15 is fixedly connected with a speed regulating gear 16. The speed regulating gear is connected with the speed regulating shaft 18 through gear engagement or a chain.
The pressing mechanism comprises a pressing cam 8 and a pre-pressing spring 7. The pressurizing cam 8 is provided with cam raceways distributed circumferentially, and the pressurizing cam 8 is connected with the cam raceway on the back of the fixed cone disc 10 or the cam raceway on the back through a roller 9.
One side of the pressurizing cam 8, which is back to the cam roller path, is provided with a pre-compression spring 7, one end of the pre-compression spring 7 is tightly pressed on the pressurizing cam 8, the other end is tightly pressed on the spring seat 6,
the spring seat 6 is provided with a bearing seat and a spline.
The spring seat 6 is fixedly connected with a bearing seat.
The main load bearing 19 is capable of simultaneously carrying axial loads in both radial and at least one direction, and is preferably a cone bearing, or an angular contact bearing, or a four point contact bearing, or a combination of thrust and needle/roller bearing integration.
The pre-compression spring 7 is preferably a disc spring in this embodiment.
And a speed regulating shaft 18 is arranged outside the 2 conical disc shaft systems, and a gear is arranged on the speed regulating shaft 18 corresponding to the position of the speed regulating gear 16.
The speed-regulating shaft 18 is directly connected with a speed-regulating driving machine (the speed-regulating driving motor 4 is adopted in the embodiment, and a hydraulic motor can be used as the speed-regulating driving machine in other embodiments) or is connected through a speed-regulating speed-reducing device (the speed-regulating speed-reducing device is connected through a gear speed-reducing structure in the embodiment).
The continuously variable transmission can be provided with a speed reducing mechanism 23 coupled with a conical disk shafting (as shown in figure 4) so as to adapt to the requirements of rotating speed, torque and power output forms of different applications. The speed reduction mechanism of the present embodiment is a gear engagement mechanism.
The rotation speed signal measurement method of the embodiment is as follows:
and a rotating speed signal generating structure is arranged on at least one conical disc shaft system, is of a tooth-shaped structure and is arranged on a fixed conical disc 10, or a power coupling shaft 1 or 17, or a pressurizing cam 8, or a spring seat 6 on the conical disc shaft system.
At least one conical disk shafting is last to be provided with 2 rotational speed signal and takes place the structure, and its beneficial effect is: 1. at the moment of load application, the pre-compression spring is compressed, a rotating speed difference exists between the conical disc and power input, and the driving smoothness can be improved and the mechanical wear condition of the transmission can be monitored by measuring the rotating speed difference; 2. the dual system ensures functional safety of the rotation speed measurement).
One rotation speed signal generating structure is arranged on the fixed cone disc 10, and the other rotation speed signal generating structure is arranged on the power coupling shaft 1, or the pressurizing cam 8, or the spring seat 6. The rotating speed signal generating structure is in a tooth shape, and not less than 15 teeth are distributed in the circumference so as to ensure the rotating speed measuring precision. And a rotating speed sensor is arranged at a position on the shell corresponding to the rotating speed signal generating mechanism and can send a rotating speed signal to the controller.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5, unlike embodiment 1, the power coupling shaft of the present embodiment is not coaxial with the conical disk shafting I and the conical disk shafting II, and the pressurizing mechanism of the present embodiment includes a set of pressurizing springs 24, one end of each pressurizing spring 24 is pressed against the fixed conical disk 10, and the other end is pressed against the spring seat 6.
Other embodiments
The power coupling shaft may be arranged in different ways:
the power coupling shaft 1 is connected with a spring seat:
the power coupling shaft 1 is not coaxial with the speed regulation screw 21, the power coupling shaft 1 is connected with the spring seat through gear meshing or a chain, and the chain is preferably a toothed chain, preferably a toothed silent chain.
The power coupling shaft 1 is coaxial with the speed regulation screw 21, and the power coupling shaft 1 is connected with the spring seat 6 through a spline.
The power coupling shaft 1 is coaxial with the speed regulation screw rod 21, the power coupling shaft 1 is connected with the spring seat 6 through the spline sleeve 5 capable of axially sliding, and the spline sleeve 5 axially slides to different positions to couple or decouple power between the power coupling shaft 1 and the spring seat 6. The spline housing 5 is preferably motor driven.
The power coupling shaft 1 is coaxial with the speed regulation screw 21, and the power coupling shaft 1 is connected with the speed regulation screw 21 through a speed regulation screw support bearing 20. The timing screw support bearing 20 is preferably a cone bearing, or an angular contact bearing, or a four point contact bearing.
Claims (11)
1. A stepless speed change device with a built-in speed regulation component is characterized by comprising a conical disk shaft system I, a conical disk shaft system II, a speed regulation shaft system and a power coupling shaft;
the cone disc shafting I and the cone disc shafting II respectively comprise a fixed cone disc, a movable cone disc and a speed regulating mechanism, and at least one of the cone disc shafting I and the cone disc shafting II further comprises a pressurizing mechanism; the power is transmitted between the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II through a flexible transmission element, and the flexible transmission element is clamped between a fixed conical disc and a movable conical disc of the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II; the speed regulating mechanism is used for driving the movable conical disc to axially move; the pressurizing mechanism is used for providing an axial force required by the flexible transmission element to transmit torque; the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc are respectively provided with a conical surface of a straight bus or a curved bus, the conical surfaces of the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc are opposite, the conical surfaces are fixedly connected with a cone disc shaft sleeve, and an inner hole or an outer cylindrical surface of the cone disc shaft sleeve is provided with a spline or other connecting structures which allow axial relative movement but not relative rotation; the fixed cone disc and the movable cone disc are mutually matched and connected through splines arranged on cone disc shaft sleeves or other connecting structures which allow axial relative movement but do not allow relative rotation;
the speed regulating mechanism comprises a speed regulating screw rod and a speed regulating gear, wherein the speed regulating screw rod comprises a speed regulating screw rod and a speed regulating nut; the speed regulating screw is arranged in a conical disc shaft sleeve of the movable conical disc or the fixed conical disc and is coaxial with the conical disc shaft sleeve, and the speed regulating screw is connected with an inner hole of the conical disc shaft sleeve through 1 or more than 2 intermediate bearings; the speed regulating nut is sleeved outside the speed regulating screw, the speed regulating screw is connected with the speed regulating nut in a spiral mode, a speed regulating gear is fixedly connected outside the speed regulating nut or the speed regulating screw, and the speed regulating gear is connected with a speed regulating shaft system through gear meshing or a chain;
the pressurizing mechanism of one of the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II comprises a pressurizing cam, a pre-pressing spring and a spring seat, and the pressurizing mechanism of the other one of the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II also comprises a pressurizing cam, a pre-pressing spring and a spring seat, or the pressurizing mechanism of the other one of the conical disc shafting I and the conical disc shafting II is not provided with a pre-pressing spring and a spring seat, or the other one of the conical disc shaft;
the pressurizing cam is provided with cam raceways which are distributed circumferentially, and the pressurizing cam is in rolling connection with the cam raceway on the back of the fixed cone disc or a cam provided with a raceway and fixedly connected with the fixed cone disc through a roller; one side of the pressurizing cam, which is back to the cam roller path, is provided with the pre-compression spring, one end of the pre-compression spring is tightly pressed on the pressurizing cam, and the other end of the pre-compression spring is tightly pressed on the spring seat; the spring seat is provided with a bearing seat and a spline or other structures which allow axial movement but not mutual rotation, the spring seat is connected with the pressurizing cam through the spline on the spring seat or other structures which allow axial movement but not mutual rotation, the bearing seat is fixedly connected on the spring seat, the spring seat is connected with the speed regulating screw rod through a main bearing arranged in the bearing seat on the spring seat, and the main bearing can bear axial loads in radial direction and at least one direction;
the speed regulating shaft system comprises a speed regulating shaft, a speed regulating shaft gear, a speed regulating and reducing mechanism and a speed regulating driver; the speed-regulating and speed-reducing mechanism is a gear, a worm gear, a planet or other forms of speed-reducing mechanism which is arranged between the speed-regulating driving machine and the speed-regulating shaft and can convert the rotating speed of the speed-regulating driving machine into the rotating speed of the proper speed-regulating shaft; the speed regulating shaft is provided with at least 1 speed regulating shaft gear, the speed regulating shaft gear is arranged at a position on the speed regulating shaft corresponding to the speed regulating gear, the speed regulating shaft gear is connected with the speed regulating gear in a gear meshing or chain mode, one end of the speed regulating and reducing mechanism is connected with the speed regulating driving machine, the other end of the speed regulating and reducing mechanism is connected with the speed regulating shaft, and the speed regulating driving machine is used for driving the speed regulating shaft gear to rotate;
the power coupling shaft is used for inputting and/or outputting power to the conical disc shafting, and the power coupling shaft and the conical disc shafting are coaxial or not coaxial;
the number of teeth of the speed regulation shaft gear meshed with the conical disc shafting I is z1The number of teeth of the speed regulating gear of the conical disk shafting I is z2The number of teeth of the speed regulating shaft gear meshed with the conical disc shafting II is z3The number of teeth of the speed regulating gear of the conical disk shafting II is z4The lead of the speed regulating nut of the conical disc shafting I is L1The lead of the speed regulating nut of the conical disc shafting II is L2Z is said1、z2、z3、z4、L1And L2Satisfies the formula z1·z4·L1＝z2·z3·L2。
2. The stepless speed change device with a built-in speed regulation component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conical disc shaft system II is arranged in the same way and in the opposite direction to the conical disc shaft system I.
3. The stepless speed change device with a built-in speed regulation component of claim 1, wherein when the power coupling shaft is not coaxial with the conical disk shaft system, the power coupling shaft is meshed with the conical disk shaft system through a gear or connected with a chain;
when the power coupling shaft is coaxial with the conical disc shaft system, the power coupling shaft is connected with the spring seat through a spline;
when the power coupling shaft is coaxial with the speed regulating screw rod, the power coupling shaft is connected with the spring seats through spline sleeves which are sleeved outside respective splines and can axially slide, and the spline sleeves axially slide to different positions to connect or disconnect power between the power coupling shaft and the spring seats;
when the power coupling shaft is coaxial with the speed regulation screw rod, the power coupling shaft is connected with the speed regulation screw rod through at least one speed regulation screw rod supporting bearing.
4. The stepless speed change device with a built-in speed regulating part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressurizing mechanism comprises one or a group of pressurizing springs, one end of each pressurizing spring is pressed on the fixed cone disc, and the other end of each pressurizing spring is pressed on the spring seat.
5. The stepless speed change device with the built-in speed regulation component of claim 1, wherein at least one of the conical disk shaft system I or the conical disk shaft system II is provided with a rotating speed signal generating structure, the rotating speed signal generating structure is a tooth-shaped structure, at least 15 teeth are distributed in the circumference, and the rotating speed signal generating structure is arranged on a fixed conical disk or a power coupling shaft or a pressurizing cam or a spring seat on the conical disk shaft system I or the conical disk shaft system II.
6. The stepless speed change device with the built-in speed regulation component of claim 1, wherein at least one of the conical disk shaft system I or the conical disk shaft system II is provided with 2 rotating speed signal generating structures, the rotating speed signal generating structures are tooth-shaped structures, at least 15 teeth are distributed in the circumference, one rotating speed signal generating structure is arranged on the fixed conical disk, and the other rotating speed signal generating structure is arranged on the power coupling shaft or the conical disk shaft system II, or the pressurizing cam, or the spring seat.
7. An automobile which is an electric automobile or a hybrid automobile or an automobile driven by an internal combustion engine, and is characterized in that the electric automobile is provided with a stepless speed change device with a built-in speed regulation component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, the power coupling shaft is connected with an electric motor, the stepless speed change device is connected with a differential mechanism through a speed reduction mechanism, and the differential mechanism is respectively connected with wheels through transmission shafts; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the hybrid electric vehicle is provided with a stepless speed change device with a built-in speed regulation component as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, a power coupling shaft is arranged in a non-coaxial manner with a conical disc shaft system I, the stepless speed change device is connected with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor through the power coupling shaft, a gear or a chain wheel is arranged on the power coupling shaft and is connected with the conical disc shaft system I, the stepless speed change device is connected with a differential through a speed reduction mechanism, and the differential is respectively connected with wheels through transmission shafts; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the automobile driven by the internal combustion engine is provided with the stepless speed change device with the built-in speed regulation component, which is disclosed in any one of claims 1-6, a power coupling shaft is arranged in a non-coaxial mode with a conical disc shaft system I, the stepless speed change device is connected with the internal combustion engine and a motor through the power coupling shaft, a gear and a chain wheel are arranged on the power coupling shaft, the stepless speed change device is connected with a differential through a speed reduction mechanism, and the differential is respectively connected with wheels through transmission shafts.
8. The automobile according to claim 7, wherein the speed reduction mechanism between the continuously variable transmission and the differential is a gear speed reduction mechanism or a sprocket chain speed reduction mechanism.
9. The automobile according to claim 8, characterized in that the two ends of the power coupling shaft of the hybrid automobile are respectively connected with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, a clutch is arranged between the internal combustion engine and the power coupling shaft, and a clutch is arranged in the gear reduction mechanism;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
a gear and a chain wheel on a power coupling shaft of the automobile driven by the internal combustion engine are respectively connected with the power coupling shaft through a meshing sleeve or a synchronizer, and a clutch is arranged between the internal combustion engine and the power coupling shaft.
10. The motor vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the clutch provided between the internal combustion engine and the power coupling shaft is a wet plate clutch; the clutch arranged in the gear speed reducing mechanism is a wet plate clutch or a meshing sleeve or a synchronizer or a jaw clutch.
11. A continuously variable tractor, characterized in that, the continuously variable tractor comprises a front axle, a rear axle, an engine and a continuously variable transmission device arranged between the engine and the rear axle and internally provided with a speed regulating component according to any one of claims 1 to 6; a multi-gear transmission is arranged between the stepless speed change device arranged in the speed regulating component and the rear axle; and a clutch is arranged between the stepless speed change device arranged in the speed regulation component and the engine, or between the stepless speed change device arranged in the speed regulation component and the multi-gear transmission, or in the multi-gear transmission.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911387620.4A CN110985625B (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Stepless speed change device with built-in speed regulation component |
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| CN201911387620.4A CN110985625B (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Stepless speed change device with built-in speed regulation component |
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| CN110985625B true CN110985625B (en) | 2021-02-26 |
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| CN114483898B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2024-02-09 | 杭州肇鹏科技有限公司 | Speed regulating device of stepless speed changer |
| CN112576719A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-03-30 | 石家庄谦航贸易有限公司 | Stepless speed change gearbox device |
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| JPH03168453A (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-07-22 | Tochigi Fuji Ind Co Ltd | Belt type continuously variable transmission |
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| US20060154761A1 (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2006-07-13 | Brown Albert W | Single chain continuously variable transmission |
| DE102007046812A1 (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2009-04-02 | Schaeffler Kg | Drive i.e. belt drive, for e.g. water pump, of internal-combustion engine, has belt pulley comprising two belt supports, where effective diameter of belt pulley is adjustable by axial displacement of belt supports |
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