CN110982120B - 一种复配型咪唑盐成核剂及其聚烯烃复合材料 - Google Patents
一种复配型咪唑盐成核剂及其聚烯烃复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- -1 Compound imidazole salt Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- LPXDNEQTGPFOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;1h-imidazol-1-ium;phosphate Chemical compound C1=CNC=N1.OP(O)(O)=O LPXDNEQTGPFOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- PKCPMTJMGADWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecylimidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCN1C=CN=C1 PKCPMTJMGADWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- ZHROMWXOTYBIMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,3,7,9-tetratert-butyl-11-oxido-5h-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocine 11-oxide Chemical compound [Na+].C1C2=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C2OP([O-])(=O)OC2=C1C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C2C(C)(C)C ZHROMWXOTYBIMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- GGQHNQQPLWRNHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,7,9-tetratert-butyl-11-hydroxy-5h-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocine 11-oxide Chemical compound C1C2=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C2OP(O)(=O)OC2=C1C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C2C(C)(C)C GGQHNQQPLWRNHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GITHFJGZCMUMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptadecylimidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=CN=C1 GITHFJGZCMUMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241001139313 Linmingia china Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoctrizole Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=NN1C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)=C1O FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010902 jet-milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 102220040412 rs587778307 Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003885 sodium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005480 sodium caprylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UDWXLZLRRVQONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC([O-])=O UDWXLZLRRVQONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045845 sodium myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JUQGWKYSEXPRGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JUQGWKYSEXPRGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/527—Cyclic esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3442—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3445—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/24—Crystallisation aids
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种复配型咪唑盐成核剂及其复合材料。本发明以芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐与长链烷基羧酸盐进行复配获得一种高效复配型成核剂,并将其应用于聚烯烃的改性,改善材料的结晶温度、光学性能、耐热性及力学性能。该复配型成核剂易于制备、在聚烯烃材料中具有更优异分散性和较高成核活性,对聚烯烃复合材料的性能提升十分显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子助剂及高分子复合材料领域,尤其涉及一种复配型芳基磷酸咪唑盐成核剂及其聚烯烃复合材料。
背景技术
聚烯烃具有价格低廉、性能优异、易于成型加工等特点,具有结晶性能聚烯烃材料的性能受结晶结构及结晶行为的影响作用极大,通过添加成核剂的方法改变结晶性聚烯烃材料的方法是一种易于实现、且廉价的工艺方法。常用的成核剂有无机类,如滑石粉、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、云母等;有机类成核剂如山梨醇缩醛类成核剂、芳基杂环磷酸盐类成核剂、酰胺类成核剂等,有机类成核剂由于其成核效率高、与基体材料相容性好被广泛应用,其中芳基杂环磷酸盐类成核剂是一类应用广泛的聚烯烃成核剂。但是目前芳基杂环磷酸盐类成核剂主要以金属一价盐和多价碱式盐和碱金属羧酸盐的复配体,该类体系所用的芳基杂环金属盐往往具有较高熔点(大于300℃),且含有强极性金属离子键,在聚烯烃材料中的相容性和分散性往往较差,从而严重的制约其改善聚烯烃材料性能作用。专利EP1209190公开一种改善芳基杂环磷酸钠盐成核剂成核性能的方法,通过球磨和气流粉碎的方法,减小成核剂的粒径来增加其性能,该方法需要特殊设备、耗时,且没有从化学结构本质上改善成核剂与基体相容性;中国专利CN105713232公开一种芳基磷酸盐纳米成核剂的制备方法,该方法用到多种溶剂、采用喷雾干燥的方法来制备小粒径成核剂,但该方法工艺过程复杂、效率不高、喷雾干燥能耗较高、且存在溶剂回收及循环利用困难等问题。中国专利CN101265347、日本专利JP2017-168030、台湾专利TW201925308、国际专利WO2019/045013等公开芳基杂环磷酸多价盐和脂肪酸的碱金属盐复合,改善成核剂及其聚合物复合材料的性能,在一定程度改善成核剂分散性和相容性能,但芳基杂环磷酸金属盐主体物质理化性质未发生改变,因此在改善聚烯烃材料性能上具有较大局限性。中国专利CN105949624公开一种咪唑盐成核剂及其制备方法及应用,该方法设计的成核剂为单一组分的芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐,该成核剂为芳基杂环磷酸有机盐(非金属盐),对聚丙烯有较好的成核作用,可以改善材料力学性能、光学性能,但效果有限,需要进一步改善。开发高效、低廉且具有优异的改善聚烯烃结晶性能、光学性能、力学性能及耐热性能的成核剂及其聚烯烃复合材料仍然是该领域的技术难点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高效芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐/长链烷基羧酸盐复配体成核剂及其聚烯烃复合材料,它具有较低熔点,且在聚烯烃材料中具有良好分散性和相容性,并且大幅度提升材料结晶温度、热变形温度、力学性能及光学性能,与现有技术相比具有较大提升。
实现本发明的具体技术方案为:本发明的复配型成核剂包含芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐(A)和烷基羧酸盐(B),其通式如下:
首先针对通式(I)所表示的芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐(A)进行说明。通式(I)中的R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立且为H或C1-C18含直链或支链烷基、环烷基或芳香基,如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、环己基等,优选叔丁基;R5为H或C1-C6的直链或支链烷基、环烷基或芳基,如氢原子、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、笨基等,优选氢原子;R6、R7、R8、R9、R10各自独立且为H或C1-C30含直链或支链烷基、环烷基或芳香基,该咪唑阳离子可选:咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、1-十一烷基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、1-十七烷基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑等,本发明优选1-十一烷基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑。综上,本发明优选的化合物(A),其结构式分别为:
接下来针对通式(II)所表示羧酸盐(B)进行说明。通式(II)中的R1为C5-C30的含直链或支链的烷基、环烷基、芳香基,Mv+为金属离子,V为1-3)。如正己酸钠、辛酸钠、苯甲酸钠、月桂酸钠、十四酸钠、硬脂酸钠、油酸钠或其相应的锂盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、钡盐、铝盐等,本发明优选月桂酸钠(B-1)、硬脂酸钠(B-2)。
本发明的复配型成核剂,其A和B组分含量特征为:芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐(I)与烷基羧酸盐(II)的物质的量(摩尔)比为0.1-10,优选0.3-3,在超出该范围后,复配成核剂诱导聚烯烃的成核效果将下降,复合材料无法获得优异的性能。
接下来对复配型成核剂的制备方法进行说明,将芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐(A)与羧酸盐(B)按相应的比例称量后,加入高混机进行干混,控制温度在0℃至100℃,优选20℃-80℃,混合时间在0.1-1小时,使其充分混合,然后进行筛分,并控制粒径在0.02微米-200微米之间,优选0.2-20微米。
本发明的复配成核剂与聚烯烃制备复合材料及其制备方法,复配型成核剂在聚烯烃复合材料中的含量为0.001%-5.0%,优选0.01-1%,将计量好的助剂进行加工,如挤出、注塑、密炼等,温度一般控制在120℃-280℃之间,优选150-250℃。
本发明所涉及聚烯烃材料为聚丙烯、聚乙烯或二者的共混物、共聚物,在不降低不发明效果的范围内,该聚烯烃材料可以含有常用的助剂,如抗氧剂、紫外吸收剂、阻燃剂抗静电剂、染料、颜料等。
本发明的优异效果是:(1)本发明获得成核剂与聚烯烃材料材料具有良好相容性、分散性;(2)本发明的复配型成核剂可以在较低使用量下对聚烯烃材料的结晶性能、力学性能性能、光学性能及耐热性能改善效果优异现有技术;(3)本发明采用的制备方法易于操作、原料易得、容易大规模实施,可以有效降低材料的成本,具有较强的市场竞争力。
具体实施方式
实施例1:化合物A-1的制备,将486.62g(0.01mol)的2,2'-亚甲基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)磷酸酯和2-十一烷基咪唑222.37g(0.01mol),置于四口烧瓶中,加入无水乙醇1000g,反应温度70℃,反应时间60min,反应结束后,蒸馏回收溶剂乙醇,并在80℃烘干反应产物(A-1)698.65g,收率为98.5%。
实施例2:化合物A-2的制备,将咪唑替换为1-十一烷基咪唑产物,其他条件同实施例1,制得产物(A-2)702.79g,收率为99.1%。
实施例3-11:将实例1、2制备不同结构的芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐/羧酸盐复配体成核剂,两组分的配比称量,在高速混合机中混合,控制温度为20℃-80℃,转速800r/min,时间0.5小时,混合后过筛,制得相应的复配型成核剂,不同的实施工艺条件、组分及复合物编号见表1。
表1 不同工艺条件下复配成核剂
(*注:A、B的摩尔份数)。
实施例12-20:将1.0g实施例3所制备的成核剂((AB)1-(AB)9)与1000g等规聚丙烯(T30S,中国石油兰州石化分公司)混合后,在在同向双螺杆挤出机上设置温度一区170℃,二区180℃,三区190℃,四区200℃,五区210℃,机头220℃),转速300 r/min,喂料速度15Hz。挤出经水冷、牵引、造粒,制得AHPS/iPP 复合材料。80℃下烘5 h后注塑成型,设置注塑温度射咀225℃,一区230℃,二区220℃,三区210℃,四区200℃,注塑压力70bar,射胶速度70%,熔胶速度60%,背压10bar,保压时间5s,冷却时间25 s,制得拉伸、弯曲试样条和色板,用于复合材料结晶性能、力学性能、耐热性能和光学性能测试,结果列于表2中。
对比例1-7:将实施例12-20中的复合型成核剂替换为单一组分A-1、A-2、月桂酸钠(B-1)、硬脂酸钠(B-2)、2,2'-亚甲基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)磷酸钠(ADK NA-11)、双[2,2'-亚甲基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)磷酸碱式铝盐]复配物(ADK NA-21)和纯等规聚丙烯,其他条件不变,结果列于表2中。
本发明所用到测试表征方法:
拉伸性能测试:按照《中华人民共和国国家标准——塑料拉伸性能的测定》GB/T1040.1-2006;选取5根试样,在万能拉伸试验机上做拉伸性能测试,拉伸速率取50mm/min,夹具间距为115mm,环境条件为:温度23±2℃,湿度50±5%。
弯曲性能测试:按《中华人民共和国国家标准——塑料弯曲性能试的测定》GB/T9341-2008,选取5根试样,在万能拉伸试验机上做弯曲性能测试,弯曲速率取2mm/min,支架间距为64mm,环境条件为:温度23±2℃,湿度50±5%。
光学性能测试:按照GB/T 2410-2008标准,将制备的色板(50mm×50mm×1 mm)经恒温恒湿处理,在上海精密科学仪器有限公司的WGW型雾度计进行光学性能测试,测试光路原理如图2-13所示,分别记录透光率T2和T4,雾度值为T4/T2 × 100%。
热变形温度测试:按照GB/T 1634-2004标准,将样条(80mm×10mm×4 mm),负荷0.45MPa测定热变形温度。
结晶温度的测试:采用差式扫描量热分析(DSC):称取5-8 mg的样品,N2氛围,流速40 mL/min。非等温结晶过程是从室温迅速将升温至230 ℃恒温5 min消除热历史,然后以10 ℃/min降温至 20 ℃,测得其结晶温度。
表格2复合材料性能
上述实施例为本发明具有代表性的实施方式,本发明的实施方式不受上述实施例的限制,其他在本发明原理下所做的改变、修饰、代替、组合或简化的实施均在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于聚烯烃复合材料的复配型成核剂,包含通式(I)所表示的芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐(A)和通式(II)所表示的烷基羧酸盐(B):
其中通式(I)中的R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立且为H或C1-C18含直链或支链烷基、环烷基或芳香基,R5为H或C1-C6的直链或支链烷基、环烷基或芳基,R6、R7、R8、R9、R10各自独立且为H或C1-C30含直链或支链烷基、环烷基或芳香基;通式(II)中的R1为C5-C30的含直链或支链的烷基、环烷基、芳香基,Mv+为金属离子,V为1-3;
芳基杂环磷酸咪唑盐(I)与烷基羧酸盐(II)的物质的量(摩尔)比为0.1-10;
在0℃至100℃,通过干混、湿混等方法使其充分混合,并控制粒径在0.02微米-200微米之间;
复配型成核剂在聚烯烃复合材料中的含量为0.001%-5.0%。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的复配型成核剂,其中聚烯烃材料为聚丙烯、聚乙烯或二者的共混物、共聚物。
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