CN110981526A - Preparation method of boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with bionic structure - Google Patents
Preparation method of boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with bionic structure Download PDFInfo
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with a bionic structure, which comprises the following steps: step 1): preparing an adhesive aqueous solution; step 2): uniformly wetting the splicing side surface of the boron carbide ceramic blank by using the aqueous solution of the adhesive, and uniformly coating metal powder on the splicing side surface; step 3): measuring the thickness of the coated metal powder layer, and if the thickness reaches the preset coating thickness, performing the step 4); if the preset coating thickness is not reached, jumping to the step 2); step 4): tightly arranging the boron carbide ceramic blanks in a hot-pressing sintering mold in a manner that the splicing side surfaces are attached; step 5): putting the hot-pressing sintering mold into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and sintering under a vacuum condition; step 6): and after sintering, naturally cooling, taking out a sample, and demolding to obtain the boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with the bionic structure. The invention is integrally formed by utilizing the interface diffusion reaction between the ceramic blank and the metal powder at high temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic-metal composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with a bionic structure.
Background
In lightweight composite armor, high strength ceramic materials are typically used as the hard face plate. With the development of weapon technology, the requirements on the protection performance of the composite armor are higher and higher, and some simple splicing structures can not meet the existing protection requirements any more. Therefore, higher demands are also placed on the structure and performance of the composite armor. The honeycomb structure is an optimal topological structure covering a two-dimensional plane and has excellent mechanical properties. The body elements of the American B-2 invisible bomber greatly use the honeycomb structure, thereby enhancing the collective strength and lightening the mass. And in spacecraft, honeycomb structures are also used in large quantities. In the prior art of such honeycomb structure design, the general researchers have obtained such a structure by embedding a sintered ceramic plate into a prepared metal frame. The method has the phenomenon of incomplete sealing between the ceramic plate and the metal frame, so that the structure is difficult to effectively play a role in improving the performance. In the patent application "CN 104588664A-a metal-encapsulated ceramic matrix composite material and its manufacturing method and application", the metal encapsulation method is used to construct the structure, and the tight bonding is indeed improved compared to simple embedding. However, in the patent, ceramic plates are used as raw materials, the sintering temperature is low, and is only the metal forming temperature, and the process is a simple physical bonding process, so that the combination of metal and ceramic is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with a bionic structure by combining a specific ordered interface formed by a ceramic blank in a densification process, which utilizes in-situ integrated molding of an interface diffusion reaction between the ceramic blank and metal powder at high temperature.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with a bionic structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): preparing an adhesive aqueous solution;
step 2): uniformly wetting the splicing side surface of the boron carbide ceramic blank by using the aqueous solution of the adhesive, and uniformly coating metal powder on the splicing side surface;
step 3): measuring the thickness of the coated metal powder layer, and if the thickness reaches the preset coating thickness, performing the step 4); if the preset coating thickness is not reached, jumping to the step 2);
step 4): tightly arranging the boron carbide ceramic blanks in a hot-pressing sintering mold in a manner that the splicing side surfaces are attached;
step 5): putting the hot-pressing sintering mold into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and sintering under a vacuum condition;
step 6): and after sintering, naturally cooling, taking out a sample, and demolding to obtain the boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with the bionic structure.
Further, the adhesive aqueous solution is a carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution with the mass percent of 1-2%.
Further, the metal powder is titanium powder, nickel powder, chromium powder, molybdenum powder or alloy powder of the metals, the granularity of the metal powder is not more than 325 meshes, and the preset coating thickness of the metal powder layer is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
Still further, the predetermined coating thickness of the metal powder layer is 0.2mm to 0.4 mm.
Furthermore, on the splicing side face of the boron carbide ceramic blank, the coating frequency of the metal powder is not less than 2 times, and different metal powder is adopted in the adjacent two coatings. Namely, the step 2) is carried out at least 2 times, and different metal powders are coated in sequence, so that a multi-layer metal gradient structure can be formed among the boron carbide ceramic blocks after sintering.
And further, the metal powder coated on the spliced side surface of the boron carbide ceramic blank in sequence is titanium powder and nickel powder, or titanium powder and molybdenum powder, or titanium powder, nickel powder and molybdenum powder. The multilayer metal gradient structure may be titanium-nickel (titanium powder and nickel powder are coated in sequence), or titanium-molybdenum (titanium powder and molybdenum powder are coated in sequence), or titanium-nickel-molybdenum (titanium powder, nickel powder and molybdenum powder are coated in sequence).
Further, in the step 5), the sintering temperature is 1800-1900 ℃, the sintering pressure is 30-60 MPa, and the sintering time is 0.5-1 h.
Still further, in step 5), the sintering procedure is as follows: pressurizing to 10-30 MPa at room temperature; heating to 1450 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; then heating to 1800-1900 ℃ according to the heating rate of 10-30 ℃/min; pressurizing to 30-60 MPa; sintering for 0.5-1 h.
Still further, in step 5), the sintering procedure is as follows: pressurizing to 10-30 MPa at room temperature; heating to 1450 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; then heating to 1800-1900 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min; pressurizing to 30-60 MPa; sintering for 0.5-1 h.
Still further, the boron carbide ceramic body is rectangular or regular hexagonal.
The invention can obtain the following technical effects:
the invention takes boron carbide ceramic as a substrate and takes titanium or alloy thereof and a high-strength and high-toughness reaction product of the titanium or the alloy thereof and the substrate boron carbide as a bonding transition phase to obtain the in-situ sintered boron carbide ceramic-based composite material with the bionic structure of the high-strength and high-toughness reticular structure composite boron carbide unit module. Different from the prior spliced armor structure using sintered boron carbide ceramic and metal, the technical scheme of the invention can generate a reaction interface at high temperature due to the diffusion reaction between the boron carbide ceramic blank and the metal bonding phase, and TiB can be generated when titanium metal powder is adopted2The TiC-Ti reaction interface eliminates a gap formed by splicing the boron carbide ceramic and the metal, so that the boron carbide ceramic and the metal are integrated, meanwhile, a high-toughness bonding transition phase has a complex three-dimensional network structure and is different from a traditional laminated ceramic-metal structure, the bionic structure can effectively improve the toughness of the boron carbide ceramic composite material without influencing the characteristics of high hardness and high modulus in a main anti-elastic area, can effectively improve the protection level and reliability, improves the multi-strike resistance of the boron carbide ceramic, is simple to prepare, and can meet the requirements of ceramic panels with different sizes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the discharge of a square boron carbide ceramic body in a hot pressed sintering die;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the discharge of a regular hexagonal boron carbide ceramic body in a hot pressed sintering mold.
Reference numerals: 1-boron carbide ceramic body; 2-metal powder.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Step a): preparing 1% by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution;
step b): uniformly wetting the splicing side surface of the boron carbide ceramic blank by using the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, and uniformly coating titanium powder with the granularity of 325 meshes on the splicing side surface, wherein the coating thickness is 0.2 mm;
step c): tightly arranging the boron carbide ceramic blanks in a hot-pressing sintering mold in a manner that the splicing side surfaces are attached;
step d): putting the hot-pressing sintering mold into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and sintering under a vacuum condition, wherein the sintering procedure is as follows: pressurizing to 10MPa at room temperature; heating to 1450 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; then heating to 1800 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min; pressurizing to 30 MPa; sintering for 0.5 h;
step e): and after sintering, naturally cooling, taking out a sample, and demolding to obtain the boron carbide ceramic-titanium composite material with the bionic structure.
Example 2
Step a): preparing 1% by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution;
step b): uniformly wetting the spliced side surface of the boron carbide ceramic blank by using the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, and uniformly coating nickel powder with the granularity of 325 meshes on the spliced side surface, wherein the coating thickness is 0.2 mm;
step c): tightly arranging the boron carbide ceramic blanks in a hot-pressing sintering mold in a manner that the splicing side surfaces are attached;
step d): putting the hot-pressing sintering mold into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and sintering under a vacuum condition, wherein the sintering procedure is as follows: pressurizing to 30MPa at room temperature; heating to 1450 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; then heating to 1800 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min; pressurizing to 50 MPa; sintering for 0.5 h;
step e): and after sintering, naturally cooling, taking out a sample, and demolding to obtain the boron carbide ceramic-titanium composite material with the bionic structure.
Example 3
Step a): preparing a 2% carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution by mass;
step b): uniformly wetting the splicing side surface of the boron carbide ceramic blank by using the carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, and uniformly coating titanium powder with the granularity of 325 meshes on the splicing side surface, wherein the coating thickness is 0.2 mm; wetting the spliced side surface uniformly coated with the titanium powder by using a 2% carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, and uniformly coating nickel powder with the thickness of 0.2 mm;
step c): tightly arranging the boron carbide ceramic blanks in a hot-pressing sintering mold in a manner that the splicing side surfaces are attached;
step d): putting the hot-pressing sintering mold into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and sintering under a vacuum condition, wherein the sintering procedure is as follows: pressurizing to 30MPa at room temperature; heating to 1450 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; then heating to 1900 ℃ according to the heating rate of 10 ℃/min; pressurizing to 60 MPa; sintering for 1 h;
step e): and after sintering, naturally cooling, taking out a sample, and demolding to obtain the boron carbide ceramic-titanium-nickel composite material with the bionic structure.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with a bionic structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): preparing an adhesive aqueous solution;
step 2): uniformly wetting the splicing side surface of the boron carbide ceramic blank by using the aqueous solution of the adhesive, and uniformly coating metal powder on the splicing side surface;
step 3): measuring the thickness of the coated metal powder layer, and if the thickness reaches the preset coating thickness, performing the step 4); if the preset coating thickness is not reached, jumping to the step 2);
step 4): tightly arranging the boron carbide ceramic blanks in a hot-pressing sintering mold in a manner that the splicing side surfaces are attached;
step 5): putting the hot-pressing sintering mold into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and sintering under a vacuum condition;
step 6): and after sintering, naturally cooling, taking out a sample, and demolding to obtain the boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with the bionic structure.
2. The preparation method of the boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous binder solution is a carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution with a mass percent of 1-2%.
3. The method for preparing a boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with a bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder is titanium powder, nickel powder, chromium powder, molybdenum powder or alloy powder of the above metals, the granularity of the metal powder is not more than 325 meshes, and the preset coating thickness of the metal powder layer is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
4. The method for preparing the boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder is coated on the spliced side surface of the boron carbide ceramic blank for not less than 2 times, and different metal powder is adopted in two adjacent coatings.
5. The method for preparing a boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with a biomimetic structure according to claim 4, wherein the metal powders coated successively on the spliced side of the boron carbide ceramic blank are titanium powder and nickel powder, or titanium powder and molybdenum powder, or titanium powder, nickel powder and molybdenum powder.
6. The method for preparing the boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with the bionic structure according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein in the step 5), the sintering temperature is 1800-1900 ℃, the sintering pressure is 30-60 MPa, and the sintering time is 0.5-1 h.
7. The method for preparing the boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with the bionic structure according to claim 6, wherein in the step 5), the sintering procedure is as follows: pressurizing to 10-30 MPa at room temperature; heating to 1450 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; then heating to 1800-1900 ℃ according to the heating rate of 10-30 ℃/min; pressurizing to 30-60 MPa; sintering for 0.5-1 h.
8. The method for preparing the boron carbide ceramic-metal composite material with the bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein the boron carbide ceramic blank is rectangular or regular hexagonal.
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Application publication date: 20200410 |