CN110981164A

CN110981164A - Melting apparatus and melting method

Info

Publication number: CN110981164A
Application number: CN201911382038.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 阎韬; 瑞米·奇亚瓦; 许慎启; 顾玉泉
Original assignee: Air Liquide (china)randd Co ltd
Current assignee: Air Liquide (china)randd Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2020-04-10
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-27
Also published as: CN110981164B

Abstract

A melting apparatus and method includes one or more side walls, a crown assembly, a bottom assembly, and a burner assembly, the side walls and/or the bottom assembly each including at least one first refractory module, the crown assembly including at least one second refractory module, the burner assembly including at least one submerged burner positioned at the bottom assembly and at least one space burner positioned at the side wall. The novel modular apparatus and method for melting glass, which employs a hybrid heating mode, is equipped with submerged burners, can significantly reduce unit product energy consumption, improve thermal efficiency, can be conveniently replaced to extend service life in the case of local module erosion damage, and can recycle components or materials at various parts of the glass melting furnace.

Description

Melting apparatus and melting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the production field of raw materials such as glass and the like, relates to a melting device and a method for carrying out a melting process by using the device, and particularly relates to a glass melting device capable of being assembled in a modularized mode and a process for melting glass by using the device.

Background

Glass melting furnaces often use cullet and powdered inorganic oxides (e.g., carbonate nitrates) as raw materials, and conventional glass melting furnaces typically use heat energy from a space heat source located above the molten glass level, which is large in size and capable of operating for several years without interruption. In recent years, oxy-fuel combustion has been widely used to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides and to increase the melting temperature. Because the total oxygen combustion adopts pure oxygen or gas with high oxygen concentration as combustion improver, the combustion efficiency is greatly improved, the flame temperature is raised, the glass melting furnace can be exposed to the temperature as high as 1650 ℃ or even higher, the inner wall and the arch top of the glass melting furnace are easy to damage and deform, and the service life of the melting furnace is short. For the melting material with low light transmittance, if the traditional flame space combustion heating mode mainly based on radiation heat transfer is adopted, the heat transfer effect of the flame to the melting material is not ideal. Gradually, it has been found that submerged burners, whose heat source is located in a submerged position below the molten mass, have higher heat transfer efficiency, faster melting speed, smaller furnace volume and higher capacity, can overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional furnaces.

One reason that conventional glass melting furnaces typically undergo several days of furnace warming before production is that the crown, wall, etc. components are susceptible to cracking under thermal stress if the temperature rise from room temperature to the melting temperature is too severe. After the glass melting furnace is started, the glass melting furnace is usually continuously operated for months or even years, when the components of the glass raw materials need to be replaced and the corrosion condition of the burner needs to be detected, the reaction needs to be stopped, the consumed time is long, and local maintenance and replacement are difficult to achieve.

There are a number of techniques and patents related to submerged burners, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN101687676B discloses a glass melting apparatus including two melting furnaces, including a main melting furnace and a submerged combustion type auxiliary melting furnace, and a method using the same, and a downstream region of the main melting furnace is used to simultaneously eliminate gas from the main glass and gas from the auxiliary glass, and to complete melting of unmelts and impurities contained in the auxiliary glass. PCT international application No. PCT/US2016/039184 discloses a submerged combustion glass melting furnace having an oxygen/gas heating burner system with one or more side walls, a floor and a ceiling, one or more submerged burners located along the floor, and an oxygen/gas burner removably attached to one of the side walls or the ceiling as a preheating burner. In the submerged position, the environment within the melting chamber is much more intense and intense than conventional melters, allowing the melter to reach operating temperatures for much shorter periods of time than conventional melters, but the ability to start and stop the melting process, and change the glass composition, for unexpected problems has not been improved.

In view of the above, it is an urgent task for those skilled in the art to devise a new apparatus and method for melting glass that can ensure heat transfer efficiency and facilitate local repair and replacement to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and drawbacks of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a novel modular apparatus and method for melting glass, which can remarkably reduce energy consumption per unit product, improve heat efficiency, be conveniently replaced to extend service life in case of erosion damage of local modules, and recycle components or materials of each part of a glass melting furnace by adopting a hybrid heating manner and equipped with an immersion burner.

The invention discloses a glass melting furnace adopting a hybrid heating mode, which is suitable for a hybrid heating mode combining space heating and immersion heating, and is particularly suitable for the condition that the energy provided by the space heating is less than or equal to 40 percent. Further, the space heating and/or the immersion heating can provide heat by selecting a combustion heating mode or an electric heating mode. The mixed heating mode combining space heating and immersion heating improves the heat efficiency, the long-time heating process of the heating furnace for heating the furnace before melting glass is started can be shortened, and the long process of heating after the furnace is stopped for maintenance, overhaul, material change and other operations after the furnace is started can be avoided, thereby reducing the fuel consumption of unit products and reducing the emission of waste gases such as carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and the like.

The glass melting furnace comprises one or more side walls, an arch top assembly, a bottom assembly and a burner assembly, wherein each assembly is composed of modular, extensible and replaceable independent units, the construction cost of the glass melting furnace is greatly reduced, the glass components are more conveniently replaced, the temperature of the melting furnace is more simply and conveniently increased, and the long process that the temperature is increased after the melting furnace is stopped due to the operations of maintenance, overhaul, material change and the like is avoided. Each part or material of the glass melting furnace can be conveniently recycled and reused, the structural size of the melting furnace can be flexibly adjusted, and the requirements of quality differentiation of glass products are met. The modular design of the entire melting device makes it better withstand rapid changes in temperature, and in the process of rapid temperature rise of the melting device from ambient temperature, the melting device can better withstand temperature changes of the process without damage. As a result, the discharge amount range allowed by the melting apparatus of the present invention can be flexibly adjusted, and for example, the discharge amount range from 5 tons/day to 90 tons/day can be adapted.

Further, a plurality of the furnace structures of the present invention may be arranged together, with the furnaces communicating through channels, to allow for complex glass manufacturing processes. Depending on market requirements, the furnace may be operated continuously, intermittently, or batch-wise to produce very small quantities of glass of a particular property.

In a first aspect of the invention, there is disclosed a melting apparatus comprising one or more side walls connecting a crown assembly to a bottom assembly, the side walls, crown assembly and bottom assembly at least partially defining an upper flame space and a lower bunker, and a burner assembly removably positioned on one or more of the side walls, and/or bottom assembly, wherein,

the side wall and/or bottom assembly comprises at least one first refractory module respectively, the first refractory module is formed by fixing a first refractory material on a metal shell;

the crown assembly comprises at least one second refractory module, the second refractory module is formed by fixing a second refractory material on the metal shell, and when the number of the second refractory modules is more than or equal to two, the adjacent second refractory modules are mutually formed into corresponding shapes;

the burner assembly comprises at least one submerged burner positioned at the bottom assembly and at least one space burner positioned at the side wall, the submerged burner being arranged such that its nozzle direction is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the molten material in the lower kiln bath, the space burner being arranged such that its nozzle direction is substantially directed towards the surface of the molten material, and the energy provided by the space burner being less than or equal to 40% of the total energy required by the melting device.

Further, when the number of the second refractory modules is more than or equal to two, the adjacent second refractory modules are distributed in a staggered manner in a step form.

Further, the melting apparatus further comprises a cooling system positioned at the side wall and/or bottom assembly, the cooling system comprising at least one conduit system for the circulation of a cryogenic fluid, the conduit system comprising an inlet and an outlet for the circulation of the cryogenic fluid, the arrangement of conduit systems being defined by the side wall and/or bottom assembly.

Further, the first refractory module is in direct contact with the molten mass in the kiln pool, and the duct system of the cooling system is defined in a space enclosed by the first refractory module and the ground.

Further, the refrigerant fluid is water, air or nitrogen.

Further, the number of the submerged burners is 1-10 per meter²。

Further, the melting temperature in the melting device is less than or equal to 1550 ℃.

Further, the first refractory material and/or the second refractory material comprises one or more of silica, zirconia, alumina, platinum alloys.

Further, the first refractory material and/or the second refractory material comprise one or more of refractory mixture micro powder, refractory castable, high-temperature cotton or high-temperature fiber and high-temperature refractory mortar.

Further, the fuel of the submerged burner is selected from a combination of one or more of the following: natural gas, propane or hydrogen.

Drawings

The advantages and spirit of the present invention can be further understood by the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a glass melting furnace according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the glass melting furnace shown in the present invention.

Figure 3a is a cross-sectional view of the monolithic crown assembly.

FIG. 3b is a schematic view of the crown assembly splice.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a duct system of the cooling system.

Figure 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the water-cooled coil.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the water-cooling bag.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a glass melting furnace directly cooled with shower water.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the principle of direct cooling of a glass melting furnace using shower water.

The device comprises a furnace body, a furnace top assembly, a furnace bottom assembly, a furnace top assembly, a furnace.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention should be understood not to be limited to such an embodiment described below, and the technical idea of the present invention may be implemented in combination with other known techniques or other techniques having the same functions as those of the known techniques.

In the following description of the embodiments, for purposes of clearly illustrating the structure and operation of the present invention, directional terms are used, but the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "outer", "inner", "outward", "inward", "axial", "radial", and the like are to be construed as words of convenience and are not to be construed as limiting terms.

In the following description of the specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically stated otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other suitable relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Unless clearly indicated to the contrary, each aspect or embodiment defined herein may be combined with any other aspect or embodiments. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous.

Description of the terms

As used herein, the term "Refractory Material" refers to "a non-metallic Material having chemical and physical properties that make it useful for structures exposed to 1000 ° F (538 ℃) or for use as a component of a system," as defined in ASTM C71 Standard Terminology for Refractory materials (Standard thermal correlation to regressions), "a non-metallic Material that is resistant to high temperatures, has good resistance to thermal shock and chemical attack, has a low thermal conductivity and a low coefficient of expansion in the industry, e.g., a Refractory Material having a refractoriness of no less than 1600 degrees celsius in accordance with the present invention. The term "refractoriness" as used herein refers to the degree celsius at which a refractory material resists high temperature action without softening in the absence of a load. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the refractory is not particularly limited. According to a specific example of the present invention, the refractory may be at least one selected from a magnesium refractory, a magnesium-chromium refractory, and a high-alumina refractory. Thus, the refractory material can be further improved in the refractory performance and can be used at a low cost, and the production cost of the kiln can be reduced. According to further examples of the present invention, the refractory material may be refractory bricks or amorphous refractory material, and the lining of the kiln may be readily prepared using refractory bricks, for example, by stacking the refractory bricks by conventional means. As used herein, the term "unshaped refractory" refers to an uncalcined refractory which is a mixture of refractory aggregate and powder, binder or admixture in a certain proportion, and can be used directly or after blending with a suitable liquid. Therefore, the unshaped refractory material can be directly coated on the furnace shell by a conventional method to form the refractory lining layer. By way of example, the "first refractory material" herein constitutes the sidewall and/or bottom assembly, and may be made of refractory bricks; the "second refractory material" may be integrally formed from a refractory castable material and secured to the metal shell to form a second refractory module.

As used herein, the modular crown assembly can withstand high temperatures up to about 1550 ℃, with a preferred bottom area of the melting device of 5m2 or less and a span of 2m or less, more suitable for port production and high flexibility.

As used herein, a cooling system is a sleeve, shell, housing or enclosure that acts as a shroud that encloses a cryogenic fluid that circulates within the interior space of the cooling system. The refrigeration fluid may be water, air, nitrogen or any refrigeration fluid known in the art. The cooling system is preferably made of stainless steel.

As used herein, a melting apparatus generally comprises a melting zone for melting batch materials, which is divided vertically into an upper flame space and a lower kiln pool, the upper flame space comprising a flame-filled space defined by a front wall, a surface of the molten material, a crown of a kiln crown and a breast wall of a kiln wall, the lower kiln pool comprising a pool bottom and a pool wall, the melting zone functioning to form the molten material from the batch materials through physical and chemical reactions at high temperature. The upper flame space is filled with glowing flame gas supplied by a heat source, the flame gas uses self heat for melting the batch, and simultaneously radiates the batch to molten glass, a kiln wall and a kiln top, and the flame space can meet the requirement of complete combustion of fuel, ensure the supply of heat required by glass melting, clarification and homogenization, and reduce heat dissipation as much as possible.

As used herein, "kiln bath" and "molten bath" are used interchangeably.

As used herein, "melting temperature" may refer to the temperature at which the molten raw materials reach a desired viscosity, and may also be considered the average temperature of the molten mass.

As used herein, the choice of "submerged burner" fuel can be used interchangeably or in combination with liquid fuels, gaseous fuels and solid fuels, for example, the liquid fuel can be of the liquid fuel oil type, the gaseous fuel can be natural gas, propane, hydrogen, etc., and the solid fuel can be coke, or any hydrocarbon-containing fuel. The submerged burner uses hydrogen as fuel, thereby not only reducing the generation and emission of nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and the like, but also improving the heat exchange efficiency and the energy utilization rate. The submerged combustion burner is configured such that the flame within the burner and/or combustion gases produced by the flame appear below and/or within the actual body of re-melted feedstock. In some embodiments, the submerged burner is positioned flush with or slightly protruding from the floor of the glass melting furnace. And the energy consumption of the product per unit weight is reduced by at least 20% by adopting immersion heating to heat a space.

As used herein, a melting apparatus may have at least two positions of interchangeable burners, each of which may be interchangeable with a respective different capacity of like burners. The glass melting furnace of the invention adopts a mixed energy heating mode. During the melting process, energy is provided in different ways, for example while submerged combustion, and in the upper space hearth; part of the energy for melting and refining the glass can also be supplied by electric heating to meet the required glass quality requirement.

As used herein, the term "modular" is intended to mean that a particular part may be removed and replaced with another structurally identical part without having to alter any other physical structure of the glass melting furnace. The glass melting furnace of the present invention is of a modular design. The crown assembly, the combustor assembly, the cooling system, and the bottom assembly may each be replaced independently of the other components. The modular nature of the glass melting furnace is beneficial both in the manufacturing and in the application process, since a small defect in a single part of the glass melting furnace as a whole does not necessarily lead to rejection of the entire glass melting furnace, but rather only the defective part, while the remaining parts are still usable. If a single component is damaged or in some way defective, the single component can be replaced without requiring a more costly replacement of the entire unit. This is particularly advantageous if the service life of all the components of the glass melting furnace is different. Furthermore, all the components can be pre-assembled in advance, and then transported to a construction site to be butted with other connecting pieces and assembled. The modular manufacturing has a plurality of bright spots, including short time consumption, better controllability of construction efficiency and quality, higher construction safety and the like.

As used herein, the molten material may be glass or stone.

In the following examples, the structure and operation of the melting apparatus of the present invention will be described by taking a glass melting furnace as an example.

The melting apparatus of this example is a small glass melting furnace for melting glass with a modular structure, and it takes about 4 hours to raise the temperature from room temperature to the temperature at which the raw material is melted by a hybrid heating method.

The length of the upper flame space of the glass melting furnace was 2m, the width was 1.5 m, and the depth of the molten glass was 1.3 m. The raw materials of the molten glass liquid include, as main components (wt%): 67.3% SiO₂6.6% of Al₂O₃12% of K₂O/Na₂O, CaO 9.5%, MgO 4.1% and<0.5% of B₂O₃。

Fig. 1 shows an exemplary schematic structural view of the glass melting furnace of the present invention. The glass melting furnace includes at least four side walls, an arch crown assembly and a bottom assembly, each of which may be made of any material suitable for the internal environment of the glass melting furnace.

The arch assembly is made up of a single second refractory module, the end portion of which generally has a tendency to arch in the direction of the intermediate portion such that the entire arch assembly approximates an arch, semi-spherical or cone shape, the ends of the arch assembly being provided with support members (not shown) to support the entire arch assembly. The second refractory module forming the crown assembly comprises a layer of second refractory material 5 and a layer of metal casing 6, wherein the metal casing 6 comprises steel structure as support members, the second refractory material 5 being secured internally by suspension fixing or the like. The space between the second refractory material 5 and the metal shell 6 can be filled with compact refractory castable, and the thickness of the refractory castable is about 280mm, so that the air tightness of the crown top assembly is ensured, heat and gas components in the furnace are prevented from leaking outwards, and the energy cost can be effectively reduced. The compact material can be refractory mixture micro powder, high temperature resistant castable, high temperature cotton or high temperature fiber, high temperature refractory mortar and the like.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a glass melting furnace. The crown assembly, side walls, and bottom assembly collectively define an upper flame space 1 and a lower kiln pool 2. The side wall of the glass melting furnace comprises a plurality of first refractory modules, the first refractory modules being structurally designed in a number of ways: comprising an outer shell of a first refractory material 8 and a metallic material.

The side walls enclosing the upper flame space 1, which may also be called breast walls, are made of first refractory modules, and the space burner 3 is positioned on one or more of the first refractory modules constituting the breast wall. Each first refractory module comprises an inner layer of high temperature resistant material and an outer layer of insulating material, and can also comprise a transition refractory material between the two layers. The inner layer of the first fire-resistant module is made of sintered zirconium mullite, the middle layer of the first fire-resistant module is made of high-quality clay bricks, the outer layer of the first fire-resistant module is made of hollow ball alumina insulating bricks, and the outermost layer of the first fire-resistant module is made of ceramic fiber plates and metal sheets.

And a cooling system can be arranged on the outer side of the breast wall, for example, a cooling wind is adopted to cool key parts (such as arch footstands) which are stressed by heat.

For the breast wall enclosing the upper flame space 1, the structural design of the first refractory modules constituting the breast wall is matched with the size of each second refractory module of the arch top assembly, for example, in the direction perpendicular to the span direction of the arch top assembly, called the length of the arch top, the length of one second refractory module of the arch top assembly corresponds to the length size of N side wall modules, where N may be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than or equal to 3. When the size of the melting furnace needs to be adjusted, the arch top and the side wall can be conveniently adjusted.

Various metal support structures can be matched with the main body of the glass melting furnace, and when the glass melting furnace needs to be moved and adjusted in size, the operation can be conveniently carried out by adopting a steel structure as the support structure. For example, the spacing of the columns in a direction perpendicular to the spanwise direction of the arch corresponds to the width of one arch module (in a direction perpendicular to the spanwise direction of the arch).

Figures 3a and 3b show schematic views of the punt assembly and its partial seal. Figure 3a shows a cross-sectional view of a monolithic crown assembly and a schematic structural view at the splice of adjacent crown assemblies. The whole glass melting furnace can be covered by a single crown assembly in the span direction, or a plurality of crown assemblies can be spliced into a proper size to meet the requirement of covering the whole glass melting furnace, the crown assemblies form corresponding shapes at the adjacent position, and the metal anchoring piece 12 is used for supporting and reinforcing in the second refractory material 5. And the splicing of a plurality of crown assemblies is shown in figure 3b, the adjacent part 9 of each crown assembly can be of a staggered step structure, and the adjacent part can be filled with compact refractory castable.

The glass melting furnace can be combined with each other by different burners to form a mixed heating mode. Meanwhile, each second refractory module of the arch top assembly can be independently detached, and can be independently replaced according to the heat load and the erosion state of each part of the arch top assembly, and the second refractory modules which are not obviously damaged can be independently recycled; and when the local position is corroded and damaged, the furnace can be shut down more quickly for modular replacement.

Under the condition of changing glass components or needing to change the thermal performance of the kiln, the size of the kiln is conveniently and temporarily adjusted, the span and length size of the crown component are changed, the energy distribution of the upper flame space 1 and the lower kiln pool 2 is more conveniently adjusted, and particularly the energy distribution of the submerged burner 4 and the space burner 3 can be adjusted. More than 60% of the heating energy of the glass melting furnace in this embodiment is from the submerged burner 4, the average temperature to which the refractory material in the flame space is subjected is about 1490 ℃, whereas the average temperature to which the refractory material in the flame space is subjected is about 1530 ℃ or even 1600 ℃ when only the space burner is used for providing energy, so that the environment in which the crown assembly is located is improved by using the glass melting furnace in this embodiment.

The cooling system of the present invention may be arranged as desired by those skilled in the art. A side wall and/or bottom assembly of a glass melting furnace includes a first refractory module, a metal enclosure, and a cooling system. The metal enclosure may be insulated from the refractory material and the cooling system acts directly as a side wall and/or bottom component of the glass melting furnace, with the metal enclosure in direct contact with the molten glass to form a solidified glass layer. The following design may also be used: the first refractory module lining comprises an unshaped castable, refractory bricks and refractory mortar, the outer shell is made of refractory materials and/or metal pieces, and the conduit system is limited in a space enclosed by the first refractory module and the ground. The cooling water can also be directly sprayed to cool the side wall.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a duct system in a cooling system. The conduit system comprises a cooling coil comprising an inlet 13 and an outlet 14 for a cooling fluid which circulates within the cooling coil, and where the molten glass in the molten bath contacts the cooling coil, a layer 10 of solidified glass is formed, corresponding to a more direct heat exchange with the molten glass by the cooling fluid, thereby increasing the rate of heat exchange.

As shown in fig. 5, the cooling coil can be made of stainless steel square tubes, the wall thickness is not less than 3mm, the cross-sectional dimension is 80 × 60mm, and when the cooling coil is spirally distributed on the side wall and/or the bottom assembly, the gap 15 between adjacent cooling coils is less than 8mm, which can prevent the penetration of the molten glass and rapidly cool the contact part of the molten glass and the cooling coil to form a glass solidified layer. Of course, one skilled in the art could make a set of cooling coils into a water-cooled package, as shown in FIG. 6, placed entirely where desired.

Further, the cooling system can also be carried out by directly spraying cooling water. As shown in figures 7 and 8, the side wall and/or the bottom wall of the lower kiln pool are made of heat-resistant steel bars 16 with the width and the thickness of 50mm, the distance between adjacent heat-resistant steel bars is 6mm, the inner wall is not provided with a refractory lining, and cooling water is directly sprayed on the side wall and/or the bottom wall for cooling. The shower head sprays cooling water 11 directly to the heat-resistant steel strip, and a glass solidified layer 10 is formed at the contact position of the molten glass and the heat-resistant steel strip 16.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of the principle of direct cooling with spray water. The space burner and the submerged burner heat the molten raw materials to form a high-temperature glass melt. The temperature of the melt may be between 1100 ℃ to 1600 ℃ or 1650 ℃, depending on the composition of the molten raw materials and the desired viscosity of the melt. The transition between the high-temperature glass melt 17 and the heat-resistant steel strip 16 is from the high-temperature detention layer 18 and the low-temperature viscous layer 19 to the glass solidification layer 10, and as the cooling progresses, the molten glass solidifies and forms a protective layer in the wall of the heat-resistant steel strip, at the moment, the glass melting bath does not need any internal refractory material and is easy to maintain, and the molten glass is not polluted by any erosion residue of the refractory material.

In conclusion, when the local part of the small glass melting furnace is corroded and damaged, the furnace can be conveniently stopped, and modularized replacement can be carried out. By adjusting the crown assembly, the side wall, the bottom assembly and the burner assembly, the length and the span size of the melting furnace can be changed, and the cross section area and the bottom area of the crown can be changed to adapt to the change of the product yield.

The technical scheme of the invention is particularly suitable for small glass melting furnaces, and can be designed to be movable so as to meet the space arrangement requirement of production or experiment. According to production needs, the glass melting furnaces can operate in a plurality of different modes, and some melting furnaces can operate at intervals, so that the glass melting furnaces can be started and stopped at any time conveniently, and the requirement that only a small number of glass products need to be produced is met.

The terms "first" and "second" as used herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another, unless otherwise specified. Similarly, the appearances of the phrases "a" or "an" in various places herein are not necessarily all referring to the same quantity, but rather to the same quantity, and are intended to cover all technical features not previously described. Similarly, modifiers similar to "about", "approximately" or "approximately" that occur before a numerical term herein typically include the same number, and their specific meaning should be read in conjunction with the context. Similarly, unless a specific number of a claim recitation is intended to cover both the singular and the plural, and embodiments may include a single feature or a plurality of features.

The embodiments described in the specification are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can obtain technical solutions through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments according to the concepts of the present invention, and all such technical solutions are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A melting apparatus comprising one or more side walls connecting a crown assembly to a bottom assembly, the side walls, crown assembly and bottom assembly at least partially defining an upper flame space and a lower bunker, a bottom assembly and a burner assembly removably positioned on one or more side walls and/or bottom assembly, wherein,

2. A melting apparatus as in claim 1, wherein when the number of the second refractory blocks is two or more, the adjacent second refractory blocks are arranged in a stepwise manner.

3. A fusion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a cooling system positioned at the side wall and/or bottom assembly, the cooling system comprising at least one conduit system for circulation of a cryogenic fluid, the conduit system comprising an inlet and an outlet for circulation of the cryogenic fluid, the arrangement of conduit systems being defined by the side wall and/or bottom assembly.

4. A melting apparatus as in claim 3, wherein the first refractory block is in direct contact with molten material in the kiln pool, and wherein the conduit system of the cooling system is defined in a space enclosed by the first refractory block and the ground.

5. A fusion apparatus as in claim 3, wherein the cryogenic fluid is water, air or nitrogen.

6. A melting apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the number of submerged burners is from 1 to 10 per meter²。

7. The melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the melting temperature in the melting apparatus is less than or equal to 1550 ℃.

8. A melting apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the first refractory material and/or the second refractory material comprises one or more of silica, zirconia, alumina, platinum alloys.

9. A fusion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the first and/or second refractory material comprises one or more of a refractory mixture micropowder, a refractory castable material, a high temperature cotton or fibre, a high temperature refractory mortar.

10. A melting apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the fuel of the submerged burner is selected from the group consisting of one or more of: natural gas, propane or hydrogen.