CN110975655B - Novel RGO/MXene composite membrane and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel RGO/MXene composite membrane and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel RGO/MXene composite membrane and a preparation method thereof, wherein GO is subjected to reduction treatment by DA to prepare RGO; stripping MAX by using a mixed solution of LiF and HCl to obtain a two-dimensional MXene material with a clear lamellar structure; ultrasonically mixing the MXene dispersion solution and the RGO dispersion solution, constructing the RGO/MXene composite membrane on the PVDF membrane substrate in a vacuum filtration mode, and using the RGO/MXene composite membrane for treating industrial wastewater. The invention researches the cooperative film forming mechanism and the separation mechanism of the RGO and MXene in detail, and provides reference significance for further widening the application range of MXene and developing and constructing more novel high-performance film materials. From the aspect of improving the structure of the membrane material, the treatment efficiency and the cyclic usability of the membrane are improved, and the practical purpose of reducing the treatment cost of the industrial wastewater is finally achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to a preparation method of a novel RGO/MXene composite membrane and the novel RGO/MXene composite membrane prepared by the method.
Background
Industrial wastewater refers to wastewater and waste liquid generated in industrial production process, and its pollutants are various and complex in composition (such as oil stain, dye, heavy metal and microorganism, etc.), and if they are not effectively treated before being discharged, they will pose a great threat to the surrounding ecological environment and human health. The membrane separation technology has the characteristics of high separation efficiency, environmental friendliness and the like, is widely applied to the fields of industrial wastewater treatment and the like at present, and has the reputation of 'water treatment technology in the 21 st century'. The membrane material is the key of the membrane separation technology and is a core component for the industrialization of the membrane technology. The traditional membrane material has poor pollution resistance, and the relationship between permeation flux and rejection rate is mutually restricted. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a novel membrane material which has high selectivity and permeation flux and good pollution resistance.
MXene(Ti3C2Tx) Is a novel two-dimensional transition metal carbide or carbonitride, and the MAX phase (Ti) is selectively removed by chemical etching and other methods3AlC2) A atomic layer of (a). MXene can be represented by the chemical general formula Mn+1XnTx(where M is an early transition metal element, X represents carbon or nitrogen, and T is a surface-attached reactive group). MXene has high specific surface area, adjustable and controllable interlayer spacing and components, and rich-OH, O and other hydrophilic functional groups on the surface, so that MXene can be well dispersed in an aqueous solution. The nano composite film constructed by using MXene as a matrix has strong plasticity and flexibility. In 2015, the problem group professor Yury Gogotsi of the discoverer of MXene two-dimensional materials reports the preparation and application of MXene films for the first timeThe MXene material opens the door to the membrane separation world. They found that micron thick MXene films are more hydrophilic than GO films, the permeation process of water molecules is more rapid, and the charge effect and the interlayer spacing (ca.
) The MXene membrane shows higher retention rate and selectivity. In addition, the subject group of professor wanhaihui university of south china builds a two-dimensional MXene film on an Anodic Alumina (AAO) substrate by a vacuum filtration method, and performs pore-forming treatment on the two-dimensional MXene film by using iron hydroxide nanoparticles. The constructed membrane has the permeation flux up to 1000L/(m)2H.bar) with a retention rate of more than 90% for contaminants with a particle size of more than 2.5 nm in water. This study provides a good idea for preparing MXene membranes with both high permeate flux and selectivity.
The Oedist group has reported the preparation of a novel PDA-RGO composite membrane. Firstly, carrying out reduction reaction on Dopamine (DA) and Graphene (GO) prepared by a hummer method to prepare Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO); and then taking a cellulose acetate membrane (CA) with the aperture of 0.22 micron as a supporting layer, and stacking the Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) dispersion on the CA membrane in a vacuum filtration mode to prepare the novel PDA-RGO composite membrane. Their studies indicate that the interlayer spacing of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) prepared by dopamine reaction is greater than that of Graphene Oxide (GO), thereby providing a larger channel for water molecule permeation, which is finally shown as a great increase in membrane flux and an increase in retention rate of the membrane to the dye.
However, the above process has the following disadvantages: the method has the advantages that Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) is directly filtered on the surface of the membrane in a suction mode, whether the membrane is stacked uniformly cannot be determined, and the change of the layer spacing between RGO and GO is not quantitatively judged through representation or theoretical calculation, so that the accurate construction and directional regulation and control of the membrane cannot be realized. Secondly, with the expansion of the interlayer spacing after dopamine modification, the risk of RGO falling off on the support layer CA membrane is increased, so that the mechanical property of the finally prepared PDA-RGO composite membrane is reduced. The membrane can be repeatedly impacted by liquid to be separated in the actual process, so that the final membrane structure is damaged, the service life of the membrane is shortened, and the separation cost is increased. And thirdly, the acetate fiber membrane (CA) material is not acid-base resistant and has poor mechanical property, so that the PDA-RGO composite membrane constructed by taking the acetate fiber (CA) membrane as a supporting layer basically has no practical application value for the treatment of high-acid-base, high-temperature or high-salt wastewater.
The Zhangshouhai group reported the preparation of new MXene/Polyethersulfone (PES) composite membranes. It first adopts hydrofluoric acid (HF) to MAX phase (Ti)3AlC2) Treating to strip Al atomic layer to obtain two-dimensional transition metal carbide MXene (Ti)3C2Tx) A sheet material. And then, a polyether sulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 10000 Dalton is used as a supporting layer, and MXene dispersion liquid is filtered onto a PES substrate by a vacuum filtration method to prepare a novel MXene/PES composite membrane, wherein the hydrophilicity of the composite membrane is enhanced, the composite membrane has a good effect of removing dye molecules and salt ions in water, and the performances of the novel membrane such as hydrophilicity, permeation flux, retention capacity and the like are explored. The report on the Zhangshouhai problem group still has the following problems: firstly, the MXene material with clear lamellar structure can be effectively stripped from MAX phase by adopting HF solvent etching treatment. However, MXene used as a membrane separation layer is usually a single layer or few layers, so that MXene material prepared by HF etching is prone to cause the disadvantages of unclear membrane separation mechanism, not compact stacking structure, easy peeling and the like. ② the MXene separating layer is too thick. This technique showed the optimum MXene content of 0.2g, which apparently resulted in a too thick MXene separation layer to determine the separation mechanism of MXene for separating contaminant molecules from water. And thirdly, the functional groups on the surface of the MXene are single, the performance of the single MXene/PES composite membrane is required to be further improved, for example, the rejection rate of the composite membrane to salt ions is low and is only about 10%, so that the MXene needs to be subjected to micro-regulation.
In conclusion, a novel multifunctional RGO/MXene composite membrane with stable structure, high permeation flux and comprehensive performance is urgently needed in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the analysis, the invention aims to construct a novel multifunctional RGO/MXene composite membrane with stable structure, high permeation flux and comprehensive performance. Carrying out reduction treatment on GO by DA to prepare RGO; stripping MAX by using a mixed solution of LiF and HCl to obtain a two-dimensional MXene material with a clear lamellar structure; ultrasonically mixing the MXene dispersion solution and the RGO dispersion solution, constructing the RGO/MXene composite membrane on the PVDF membrane substrate in a vacuum filtration mode, and using the RGO/MXene composite membrane for treating industrial wastewater. The invention researches the cooperative film forming mechanism and the separation mechanism of the RGO and MXene in detail, and provides reference significance for further widening the application range of MXene and developing and constructing more novel high-performance film materials. From the aspect of improving the structure of the membrane material, the treatment efficiency and the cyclic usability of the membrane are improved, and the practical purpose of reducing the treatment cost of the industrial wastewater is finally achieved.
The invention is realized by the following technical means:
a preparation method of a novel RGO/MXene composite membrane comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of MXene powder: mixing Ti3AlC2And LiF powder is added into HCl solution with the mole fraction of 9M, magnetic stirring is carried out in parallel, and then the product is centrifugally washed by deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant of the solution is 6; then violently shaking the precipitate for 10min, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment; drying the upper layer suspension in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ to obtain MXene powder for later use;
(2) preparation of RGO powder: putting the GO fragments into a beaker, and adding deionized water for ultrasonic dispersion; then adding dopamine hydrochloride into the beaker, and stirring the mixture at room temperature for 1 h; adding Tris-HCl, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution by using sodium hydroxide, and stirring the mixture at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain RGO powder for later use;
(3) preparing an RGO/MXene composite membrane: respectively adding MXene powder and RGO powder into 250ml beaker, respectively adding 100ml deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion at room temperature for 30min, mixing the solutions in pairs, and performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 30min to obtain precursor solution; and slowly pumping and filtering the precursor onto the PVDF membrane by vacuum pumping filtration to obtain the novel RGO/MXene composite membrane.
Further, the Ti in the step (1)3AlC2The amount of powder was 1g, the amount of LiF powder was 1g and the amount of HCl solution was 10 ml.
Further, the magnetic stirring time in the step (1) is 24 hours, and the magnetic stirring temperature is 35 ℃.
Further, the centrifugal washing rotating speed of the deionized water in the step (1) is 3500 rpm; the precipitate was centrifuged at 3500rpm for 1 h.
Further, the GO fragments in the step (2) are 400mg, the deionized water is 200ml, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 0.5 h.
Further, the dosage of the dopamine hydrochloride in the step (2) is 20mg, the dosage of the Tris-HCl is 1.4g, and the pH value is adjusted to 8.5.
Further, the vacuum ultrafiltration pressure in the step (3) is 0.1MPa, and the pore diameter of the PVDF membrane is 0.22 μm.
Further, the ratio of MXene to RGO in the step (3) is selected from any one of the following modes: according to the mass ratio of 2:0, 2:1, 2:2, 2:4 and 0: 2.
The invention also discloses a novel RGO/MXene composite membrane prepared by any one of the preparation methods.
The invention also discloses application of the novel RGO/MXene composite membrane prepared by the method in industrial wastewater treatment.
In the complete technical scheme of the invention, the RGO/MXene composite membrane can still be prepared by the following ways, so that the aim of the invention is realized:
1. except for etching MAX phase by using LiF + HCl mixed reagent, HF and NH are used by others4HF2Molten fluoride salt and NaOH and H2SO4And (3) preparing MXene by etching with the method, wherein other steps are consistent with the technical scheme of the invention, and an RGO/MXene composite film can be prepared to realize the aim of the invention. The specific operation for realizing MXene is as follows:
(1) if HF is used: adding the MAX phase into 49 wt% of HF solution, reacting for 4h at 50 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6, and centrifuging to obtain MXene.
(2) If NH is used4HF2The steps of (1): adding the MAX phase into a NH4HF2 solution with the molar concentration of 1M, reacting for 2.5h, 7h or 11h at 40 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6, and centrifuging to obtain MXene.
(3) If the molten fluoride salt method is adopted: the MAX phase and the fluoride salt (59 wt% KF +29 wt% LiF +12 wt% NaF) are mixed in a mass fraction of 1: 1, mixing, and then reacting for 30min at 550 ℃ under the protection of argon) to obtain MXene.
(4) If NaOH + H is adopted2SO4The steps of (1): 0.5g MAX was added to 500ml (1M) NaOH solution and stirred at 80 ℃ for 100 h. The powder was subsequently dried and added to 100ml (1M) H2SO4, reacted at 80 ℃ for 2H and washed and dried to obtain MXene.
2. The PVDF membrane adopted by the invention is used as a supporting layer of the composite membrane, if a cellulose acetate membrane (CA), a polyether sulfone membrane (PES) and a polysulfone membrane (PSF) with the pore diameter of 0.22 mu m or 0.45 mu m are respectively used as the supporting layer, other steps (such as RGO preparation, MXene preparation, suction filtration stacking method and mixing ratio) are consistent with the technical scheme of the invention, the RGO/MXene composite membrane can also be prepared, and the purpose of the invention is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. improved membrane permeability and separation performance. Through dopamine modification, GO is reduced into RGO, so that the interlayer spacing of GO is enlarged, the membrane flux is increased, and the charge and adsorption of RGO and MXene increase the rejection capacity of the membrane on Congo red in wastewater. The experimental results show that the optimum ratio is M4 (i.e. the separation layer is composed of 2mg MXene +4mg RGO), and the pure water flux of the membrane can reach 63.6 L.m under the pressure of 0.1MPa-2·h-1The retention rate of the dye Congo red reaches 98.0 percent. Compared with pure MXene membrane, although the flux is 695 L.m-2·h-1But the rejection rate of Congo red is only 10.2%; compared with pure RGO membrane, the pure water flux of the membrane is only 22.4 L.m-2·h-1The retention rate of the dye congo red is 87.8%. Therefore, the scheme of the invention improves the hydrophilicity and the retention rate of the membrane, and provides a certain amount of novel membrane material with the retention and the permeability for the opening methodAnd (4) guiding.
2. The accurate regulation and control of the two-dimensional MXene film are realized. Layer-to-layer spacing basic data between RGO and MXene were obtained by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and theoretical calculations. The invention adopts a mode of mutually stacking the two materials, realizes the precise regulation and control of the two-position membrane material and constructs the RGO/MXene composite membrane with the finite field effect.
3, interaction exists between RGO and MXene, so that the separation layer RGO/MXene is not easy to fall off, and the problem of poor mechanical property of MXene as a film material is solved.
4. The invention solves the problems of MXene as a membrane material (too small interlayer spacing, limited hydrophilicity and poor mechanical property of the constructed membrane), and provides a new idea and method for the development of a novel two-position membrane material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 membrane flux test results for different membranes of the examples;
FIG. 3 dye retention (a) and effect (b) of different membranes of the examples.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to fig. 1 and the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
example 1
A novel RGO/MXene composite membrane:
(1) preparation of MXene homogeneous solution: the MXene two-dimensional material is prepared by etching MAX phase by using LiF + HCl mixed reagent and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted stripping, and the method comprises the following steps: mixing 1g of Ti3AlC2And 1g LiF powder to 10ml HCl solution (mole fraction 9M), magnetically stirring at 35 ℃ for 24h, then washing the product with deionized water by centrifugation at 3500rpm multiple times until the solution supernatant pH is 6; then violently shaking the precipitate for 10min, and centrifuging at 3500rpm for 1h to obtain MXene homogeneous solution;
(2) preparation of RGO: the method is characterized in that the GO is subjected to reduction modification by dopamine to prepare the RGO, the interlayer spacing of the material is enlarged, and more adsorption sites are provided, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: crushing the GO sheet by using a mortar, and accurately weighing 400mg by using an analytical balance and adding the weighed material into a beaker; adding 200ml of deionized water, and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 0.5h by using an ultrasonic cleaner to uniformly disperse GO in water; then accurately weighing 20mg of dopamine hydrochloride by using an analytical balance, adding the dopamine hydrochloride into a beaker, and stirring the mixture at room temperature for 1 hour; after adding 1.4g of Tris-HCl, the pH of the mixed solution was adjusted at the same time. Adding sodium hydroxide for adjustment, simultaneously testing by using pH test paper, and contrasting colors to ensure that the pH of the mixed solution is about 8.5; violently stirring the reaction mixture for 24 hours at room temperature to reduce GO, and then successfully preparing GO modified by PDA;
(3) constructing an RGO/MXene composite membrane: respectively adding MXene powder and RGO powder into a 250ml beaker, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min at room temperature, then mixing the solutions in pairs according to a ratio, and ultrasonically treating for 30min at room temperature to form a precursor solution. And slowly pumping and filtering the precursor onto a PVDF membrane (with the aperture of 0.22 mu m) by adopting a vacuum pumping filtration method under the pressure of 0.1MPa to obtain the RGO/MXene composite membrane.
The composite membranes obtained in examples 1-5 were individually prepared according to the different ratios of MXene content to RGO content given in Table 1, i.e., M1-M5 were prepared according to examples 1-5.
TABLE 1 comparison table of different ratios of MXene content to RGO content for each group of examples
| Film numbering | MXene content (mg) | RGO content (mg) | Ratio of the two |
| M1 | 2 | 0 | 2：0 |
| M2 | 2 | 1 | 2：1 |
| M3 | 2 | 2 | 1：1 |
| M4 | 2 | 4 | 1：2 |
| |
0 | 2 | 0：2 |
The results of the experiments in Table 1 show that the optimum ratio of M4 (i.e., the separation layer consisting of 2mg MXene +4mg RGO) is achieved when the pure water flux of the membrane is 63.6 L.m.-2·h-1The retention rate of the dye Congo red reaches 98.0 percent. Compared with pure MXene membrane, although the flux is 695 L.m-2·h-1But the rejection rate of Congo red is only 10.2%; compared with pure RGO membrane, the pure water flux of the membrane is only 22.4 L.m-2·h-1The retention rate of the dye congo red is 87.8%.
Test example:
the different types of membranes in table 1 were subjected to the membrane flux test and the dye retention test, respectively.
A suction filtration device matched with the area of the membrane is adopted, the membrane is placed in the suction filtration device, and the Pure Water Flux (PWF) of the membrane and the removal effect (R) of the dye Congo red (the concentration is 100mg/L) in water are respectively considered under the pressure of 0.1 MPa.
Membrane flux (PWF) calculation formula:
in the formula: j represents the pure water flux (L.m) of the membrane-2·h-1) (ii) a V represents the volume of pure water (L) permeated through the membrane; a represents the effective area (m) of the film2) (ii) a t is the permeation time (h).
Formula for calculating the dye retention (R):
in the formula: r represents the rejection of the membrane; cpAnd CfThe concentrations (mg/L) of Congo red in the liquid after permeation through the membrane and the raw material liquid, respectively. The concentration was measured by uv spectrophotometer.
Experimental results and conclusions:
(1) flux of membrane
The data obtained by performing flux tests on five groups of membranes in table 1 are shown in fig. 2:
as can be seen from fig. 2, the fluxes of five membranes, M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 are: 695 L.m-2·h-1,225.3 L·m-2·h-1,91.1L·m-2·h-1,63.6L·m-2·h-1And 22.4 L.m-2·h-1The interlayer spacing between MXene sheets is larger, so the constructed two-dimensional membrane flux is higher, the membrane flux gradually decreases with the increase of the RGO proportion in the composite membrane, and the flux of the pure RGO membrane is lowest.
(2) Retention rate
The data and separation results obtained by performing congo red rejection tests on five groups of membranes in table 1 are shown in fig. 3(a) and 3 (b):
from the results of fig. 3(a) and fig. 3(b), the retention rates of the five membranes M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 to the dye congo red in water are respectively: 10.2%, 24.9%, 74.1%, 98.0% and 87.8%. M4 exhibited the highest dye retention. Compared with the RGO, MXene has larger interlayer spacing, but after the RGO and the MXene are intercalated, the interception rate and the pure water flux are simultaneously improved through the synergistic effect of the RGO and the MXene, the trade-off effect between the membrane flux and the interception rate is broken, and the high-efficiency removal of the dye in water is realized.
As described above, the novel composite membrane M4 (i.e., the separation layer comprising 2mg MXene +4mg RGO) constructed by the present invention has the best separation efficiency.
In addition, except for etching MAX phase by using LiF + HCl mixed reagent, HF and NH are used by others4HF2Molten fluoride salt and NaOH and H2SO4And (3) preparing MXene by etching with the method, wherein other steps are consistent with the technical scheme of the invention, and an RGO/MXene composite film can be prepared to realize the aim of the invention. The PVDF membrane adopted by the invention is used as a supporting layer of the composite membrane, if a cellulose acetate membrane (CA), a polyether sulfone membrane (PES) and a polysulfone membrane (PSF) with the pore diameter of 0.22 mu m or 0.45 mu m are respectively used as the supporting layer, other steps (such as RGO preparation, MXene preparation, suction filtration stacking method and mixing ratio) are consistent with the technical scheme of the invention, the RGO/MXene composite membrane can also be prepared, and the purpose of the invention is realized.
The specific operation for realizing MXene is as follows:
1. if HF is used: adding the MAX phase into 49 wt% of HF solution, reacting for 4h at 50 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6, and centrifuging to obtain MXene.
2. If NH is used4HF2The steps of (1): adding the MAX phase into a NH4HF2 solution with the molar concentration of 1M, reacting for 2.5h, 7h or 11h at 40 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6, and centrifuging to obtain MXene.
3. If the molten fluoride salt method is adopted: the MAX phase and the fluoride salt (59 wt% KF +29 wt% LiF +12 wt% NaF) are mixed in a mass fraction of 1: 1, mixing, and then reacting for 30min at 550 ℃ under the protection of argon) to obtain MXene.
4. If NaOH + H is adopted2SO4Step (2) of: 0.5g MAX was added to 500ml (1M) NaOH solution and stirred at 80 ℃ for 100 h. The powder was subsequently dried and added to 100ml (1M) H2SO4, reacted at 80 ℃ for 2H and washed and dried to obtain MXene.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An RGO/MXene composite membrane for use in industrial wastewater treatment, comprising:
when the RGO/MXene composite membrane is used for treating industrial wastewater, the pure water flux of the membrane can reach 63.6 L.m under the drive of the pressure of 0.1MPa-2·h-1The retention rate of dye Congo red reaches 98.0 percent;
the RGO/MXene composite membrane is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparation of MXene powder: mixing Ti3AlC2And LiF powder is added into HCl solution with the mole fraction of 9M, magnetic stirring is carried out, and then the product is centrifugally washed by deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant of the solution is 6; then violently shaking the precipitate for 10min, and then carrying out centrifugal treatment; drying the upper layer suspension in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ to obtain MXene powder for later use;
(2) preparation of RGO powder: putting the GO fragments into a beaker, and adding deionized water for ultrasonic dispersion; then adding dopamine hydrochloride into the beaker, and stirring the mixture at room temperature for 1 h; adding Tris-HCl, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution by using sodium hydroxide, and stirring the mixture at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain RGO powder for later use;
(3) preparing an RGO/MXene composite membrane: respectively adding MXene powder and RGO powder into a 250ml beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:2, respectively adding 100ml deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion at room temperature for 30min, mixing the solutions in pairs according to a certain proportion, and performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 30min to form a precursor solution; and slowly pumping and filtering the precursor onto the PVDF membrane by vacuum pumping filtration to obtain the RGO/MXene composite membrane.
2. Use of the RGO/MXene composite membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that the Ti of step (1) is3AlC2The amount of powder was 1g, the amount of LiF powder was 1g and the amount of HCl solution was 10 ml.
3. The use of the RGO/MXene composite membrane in industrial wastewater treatment according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic stirring time of step (1) is 24h and the magnetic stirring temperature is 35 ℃.
4. The use of the RGO/MXene composite membrane according to claim 1, wherein the deionized water centrifugal washing speed of step (1) is 3500 rpm; the precipitate was centrifuged at 3500rpm for 1 h.
5. The use of the RGO/MXene composite membrane in industrial wastewater treatment according to claim 1, wherein the GO pieces used in step (2) is 400mg, the deionized water is 200ml, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 0.5 h.
6. The use of RGO/MXene composite membrane in industrial wastewater treatment according to claim 1, wherein the amount of dopamine hydrochloride in step (2) is 20mg, the amount of Tris-HCl is 1.4g, and the pH is adjusted to 8.5.
7. The RGO/MXene composite membrane for use in industrial wastewater treatment according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum filtration pressure in step (3) is 0.1MPa and the PVDF membrane pore size is 0.22 μm.
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