CN107433139B - Preparation method of anti-blocking bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane - Google Patents
Preparation method of anti-blocking bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane Download PDFInfo
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- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
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- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafiltration, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane. According to the invention, laponite, a surfactant and tetraethoxysilane are compounded into a stable porous heterogeneous material, a support material, namely laponite crystal, is a lamellar structure formed by sandwiching a layer of magnesium-oxygen octahedron between two layers of silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons, strong electron deficiency is formed in the lamellar structure, the support material has negative charges, excellent adsorption and ion exchange performances, meanwhile, nano silver oxide is embedded between the layers to prepare modified inorganic particles, the inorganic particles are dispersed to prepare the charged nanofiltration membrane, silver oxide powder is decomposed into silver elementary substance after being roasted, the silver elementary substance is used for selective catalytic reaction and reinforcing the internal pores of the charged nanofiltration membrane, simultaneously, the microbial load is inhibited, the membrane pore strength is effectively reinforced, the pollution resistance of the charged nanofiltration membrane is improved, the microbial propagation is inhibited to form a biofilm, and the stable porous heterogeneous material has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafiltration, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane.
Background
Conventional membrane filtration separation processes are based on the principle of physical sieving, i.e., membranes allow components smaller than their pore size to pass through and retain components larger or of similar pore size. As the particle size of the component medium to be separated decreases, the pore size of the membrane used must also be correspondingly reduced, which will inevitably cause problems such as decreased flux, increased operating costs, etc. Charged nanofiltration membranes are another new type of filtration membrane developed in recent years, and have fixed charges on the inner and outer surfaces, and according to the separation and filtration principle, the neutral membranes have unique electrostatic adsorption and repulsion effects besides physical sieving based on the pore size. This makes it possible to separate ions of different valences by means of membranes, and also to separate components of similar relative molecular masses and different charge properties. Due to the introduction of the charged groups into the membrane, the hydrophilicity of the membrane is enhanced, and thus the water flux of the membrane is increased. And the electrostatic action between the membrane and the solution reduces the osmotic pressure of the solution, so the membrane is suitable for low-pressure operation, and the charged membrane also has the advantages of compaction resistance, acid and alkali resistance, microorganism resistance, bacteria resistance and the like. Charged membranes have advantages and uses in water permeability, stain resistance, and selective permeability not possessed by neutral membranes.
Charged nanofiltration membranes have been widely used in industry due to their specific interception range and charge effect, wherein the removal of low-molecular organic substances mainly depends on the sieving effect of the nanofiltration membranes, such as natural organic substances, low-molecular dyes, drugs, etc. The nanofiltration membrane is more compact than an ultrafiltration membrane, the aperture range of the nanofiltration membrane is 0.5-2 nm, the nanofiltration membrane is mainly used for removing organic matters with the molecular weight of 100-1000 Da, and the operation pressure of the nanofiltration membrane is lower than that of a reverse osmosis membrane, so that the nanofiltration membrane has great advantages due to lower energy consumption and power cost. The nanofiltration membrane is mainly used for water treatment and sewage treatment, is easy to be polluted by the membrane in the use process, and the membrane pollution refers to the phenomenon that in the actual use process, pollutants in feed liquid are adsorbed and deposited on the surface of the membrane, even membrane pores are blocked, so that the permeation and separation performance of the membrane is reduced. The pollutants are divided into three categories of inorganic, organic and biological pollutants, common inorganic pollutants comprise micro particles, suspended matters, colloids, metal precipitates and inorganic salt crystals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and the like, in the filtering process, the inorganic pollutants are easy to deposit on the surface of the membrane to block pore channels, and the colloid substances are easy to adsorb on the surface of the membrane to reduce the effective filtering area of the membrane. The most common organic pollutants are protein, humus, lignin and the like, and the main driving forces for polluting the membrane surface by the protein are electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic effect, so the protein is easy to be adsorbed on the rough and hydrophobic membrane surface generally, and in addition, the organic pollution is ubiquitous and is difficult to remove, so the construction of the high-hydrophilicity low-roughness polymer membrane surface also becomes the key point for preventing the organic pollution of the membrane. Common biological pollutants mainly comprise bacteria, algae, fungi and the like. Because of strong reproductive capacity, the biological membrane is difficult to completely remove, the biological pollution to the charged nanofiltration membrane is similar to that of an ultrafiltration membrane at present, and the antibacterial effect is achieved mainly by introducing an antibacterial agent. Therefore, the charged nanofiltration membrane which can prevent the pore blockage of the inorganic waste material pile membrane and effectively inhibit the biological propagation on the surface of the membrane is needed to be prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems that the existing charged nanofiltration membrane is easily polluted by the membrane, so that the membrane pores are blocked by inorganic matters, and the biological membrane is formed by loading biomass on the surface of the membrane to reduce the membrane flux, the preparation method of the anti-blocking bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
(1) mixing 10-15 g of silver nitrate with 60-70 mL of deionized water, dropwise adding 25-30 mL of 10% ammonia water solution in mass fraction, stirring and mixing to obtain a silver-ammonia solution, adding polyvinyl alcohol into 8% sodium hydroxide solution in mass fraction according to a mass ratio of 1:8, stirring and mixing to obtain a base body fluid, dropwise adding the silver-ammonia solution into the base body fluid according to a mass ratio of 3:2, performing centrifugal separation after dropwise adding, collecting lower-layer precipitates, washing and drying to obtain nano silver oxide;
(2) crushing and grinding hectorite, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain hectorite powder, weighing 45-50 parts by weight of dodecylamine, 15-20 parts by weight of the prepared nano silver oxide, 15-20 parts by weight of ethyl orthosilicate and 25-30 parts by weight of hectorite powder, stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry, pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, standing for solidification, demolding to obtain a dry blank, roasting the dry blank, and then grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain porous heterogeneous hectorite powder;
(3) mixing dry hectorite porous heterogeneous powder with N, N-dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 1:10, performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a modified dispersion liquid, weighing 45-50 parts of the modified dispersion liquid, 15-20 parts of dry polyether sulfone and 1-2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone respectively according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, filtering to obtain a filtrate, standing and defoaming to obtain a casting solution, coating the casting solution on the surface of a glass plate, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.15-0.18 mm, and drying after coating is completed to obtain the anti-clogging and antibacterial type charged nanofiltration membrane.
And (3) roasting the dried blank in the step (2) at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃.
And (4) filtering by using 75-80-mesh filter cloth in the step (3).
Compared with other methods, the method has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the hectorite, the surfactant and the tetraethoxysilane are compounded into the stable porous heterogeneous material, the crystal structure of the hectorite is supported, a layer of magnesium oxide octahedron is sandwiched between two layers of silicon oxide tetrahedrons to form a lamellar structure, and part of magnesium ions and lithium ions in the magnesium oxide octahedron inside the lamellar are replaced, so that strong electron deficiency is formed in the lamellar layer and negative charges are carried, and the stable porous heterogeneous material has excellent adsorption and ion exchange performances;
(2) according to the invention, nano silver oxide is embedded between hectorite crystal structure layers to prepare modified inorganic particles, the inorganic particles are dispersed and the charged nanofiltration membrane is prepared, silver oxide powder is decomposed into silver simple substances after roasting, the silver simple substances are used for selective catalytic reaction and reinforcing pores inside the charged nanofiltration membrane, and simultaneously, the microbial load is inhibited, the membrane pore strength is effectively reinforced, the pollution resistance of the charged nanofiltration membrane is improved, and the microbial propagation is inhibited to form a biofilm.
Detailed Description
Firstly, weighing 10-15 g of silver nitrate and 60-70 mL of deionized water, placing the silver nitrate and the deionized water into a 500mL three-neck flask, stirring and mixing for 10-15 min, dropwise adding 25-30 mL of 10% ammonia water solution with mass fraction into the three-neck flask, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1-2 mL/min, and stirring and mixing for 10-15 min at room temperature after dropwise adding is completed to prepare a silver ammonia solution; adding polyvinyl alcohol into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 8% according to the mass ratio of 1:8, stirring, mixing and placing in a triangular flask to prepare a base body fluid, then dropwise adding a silver ammonia solution into the base body fluid according to the mass ratio of 3:2, controlling the dropwise adding time to be 1-2 h, after the dropwise adding is completed, centrifugally separating for 10-15 min at 1500-3000 r/min, collecting lower-layer precipitates, washing for 3-5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for 6-8 h at 75-80 ℃ to prepare nano silver oxide; selecting hectorite, crushing and grinding the hectorite, sieving the hectorite with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain hectorite powder, then respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of dodecylamine, 15-20 parts by weight of nano silver oxide, 15-20 parts by weight of ethyl orthosilicate and 25-30 parts by weight of hectorite powder in a beaker, and stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry; pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, standing and curing at room temperature for 6-8 h, demolding to obtain a dry blank, roasting the blank in a muffle furnace at 800-1000 ℃ for 3-5 h, standing and cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain porous isomeric hectorite powder; selecting polyether sulfone and hectorite porous heterogeneous powder, drying at 95-100 ℃ for 20-24 hours to obtain dried polyether sulfone and dried hectorite porous heterogeneous powder respectively, mixing the dried hectorite porous heterogeneous powder with N, N-dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 1:10, placing the mixture into a beaker, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at 200-300W for 25-30 min to prepare a modified dispersion liquid; respectively weighing 45-50 parts by weight of modified dispersion liquid, 15-20 parts by weight of dried polyether sulfone and 1-2 parts by weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone in a beaker, stirring and mixing at room temperature for 10-12 h, filtering with 75-80 mesh filter cloth to obtain filtrate, placing the filtrate in the beaker, standing and defoaming at room temperature for 10-12 h to prepare a membrane casting solution; and (3) coating the casting solution on the surface of a glass plate, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.15-0.18 mm, standing and drying at room temperature for 3-5 h after the coating is finished, and drying in an oven at 25-30 ℃ for 6-8 h to obtain the anti-blocking bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane.
Example 1
Firstly, weighing 10g of silver nitrate and 60mL of deionized water, placing the silver nitrate and the deionized water in a 500mL three-neck flask, stirring and mixing for 10min, dropwise adding 25mL of 10% ammonia water solution with mass fraction into the three-neck flask, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1mL/min, and stirring and mixing for 10min at room temperature after the dropwise adding is finished to prepare a silver-ammonia solution; adding polyvinyl alcohol into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 8% according to the mass ratio of 1:8, stirring, mixing and placing in a triangular flask to prepare a base body fluid, then dropwise adding a silver ammonia solution into the base body fluid according to the mass ratio of 3:2, controlling the dropwise adding time to be 1h, after the dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating for 10min at 1500r/min, collecting lower-layer precipitates, washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for 6h at 75 ℃ to prepare nano silver oxide; selecting hectorite, crushing and grinding the hectorite, sieving the hectorite with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain hectorite powder, then respectively weighing 45 parts of dodecylamine, 15 parts of nano silver oxide, 15 parts of ethyl orthosilicate and 25 parts of hectorite powder in parts by weight, placing the obtained mixture in a beaker, and stirring and mixing the materials to obtain mixed slurry; pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, standing and solidifying for 6 hours at room temperature, demolding to obtain a dry blank, roasting the blank in a muffle furnace at 800 ℃ for 3 hours, standing and cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain porous isomeric hectorite powder; selecting polyether sulfone and hectorite porous heterogeneous powder, drying at 95 ℃ for 20 hours to respectively obtain dried polyether sulfone and dried hectorite porous heterogeneous powder, mixing the dried hectorite porous heterogeneous powder with N, N-dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 1:10, placing the mixture into a beaker, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at 200W for 25min to prepare a modified dispersion liquid; respectively weighing 45 parts of modified dispersion liquid, 15 parts of dried polyether sulfone and 1 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone in parts by weight, placing the modified dispersion liquid, the dried polyether sulfone and the polyvinylpyrrolidone in a beaker, stirring and mixing the mixture for 10 hours at room temperature, filtering the mixture by using 75-mesh filter cloth to obtain filtrate, placing the filtrate in the beaker, standing and defoaming the filtrate for 10 hours at room temperature to prepare membrane casting solution; and (3) coating the casting solution on the surface of a glass plate, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.15mm, standing and drying at room temperature for 3 hours after the coating is finished, and drying in an oven at 25 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the anti-blocking bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane.
The anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane prepared by the invention can be widely applied to the technical field of treatment of dye wastewater and the like, and is characterized in that firstly, the anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane is selected and fixed into a pressure vessel type plate-and-frame membrane assembly, then, the wastewater is pumped into the pressure vessel type plate-and-frame membrane assembly under the stirring of a magnetic stirrer, the flow rate of the dye wastewater is controlled so that the column pressure of a sample injection column is maintained at 3MPa, and the dye wastewater can be filtered after being filtered and pressed for 25min and then the permeation liquid is received.
Example 2
Firstly weighing 13g of silver nitrate and 65mL of deionized water, placing the silver nitrate and the deionized water in a 500mL three-neck flask, stirring and mixing for 13min, dropwise adding 28mL of ammonia water solution with the mass fraction of 10% into the three-neck flask, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 2mL/min, and stirring and mixing for 13min at room temperature after the dropwise adding is finished to prepare a silver-ammonia solution; adding polyvinyl alcohol into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 8% according to the mass ratio of 1:8, stirring, mixing and placing in a triangular flask to prepare a base body fluid, then dropwise adding a silver ammonia solution into the base body fluid according to the mass ratio of 3:2, controlling the dropwise adding time to be 2h, after the dropwise adding is completed, centrifugally separating for 13min at 2200r/min, collecting lower-layer precipitates, washing for 4 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for 7h at 78 ℃ to prepare nano silver oxide; selecting hectorite, crushing and grinding the hectorite, sieving the hectorite with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain hectorite powder, then respectively weighing 48 parts of dodecylamine, 18 parts of nano silver oxide, 18 parts of tetraethoxysilane and 28 parts of hectorite powder in parts by weight, placing the mixture into a beaker, and stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry; pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, standing and solidifying for 7 hours at room temperature, demolding to obtain a dry blank, roasting the blank in a muffle furnace at 900 ℃ for 4 hours, standing and cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain porous isomeric hectorite powder; selecting polyether sulfone and hectorite porous heterogeneous powder, drying at 98 ℃ for 22h to respectively obtain dried polyether sulfone and dried hectorite porous heterogeneous powder, mixing the dried hectorite porous heterogeneous powder with N, N-dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 1:10, placing the mixture in a beaker, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 28min at 250W to prepare a modified dispersion liquid; respectively weighing 48 parts of modified dispersion liquid, 18 parts of dried polyether sulfone and 2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone in parts by weight, placing the modified dispersion liquid, the dried polyether sulfone and the polyvinylpyrrolidone in a beaker, stirring and mixing the mixture at room temperature for 11 hours, filtering the mixture by using 78-mesh filter cloth to obtain filtrate, placing the filtrate in the beaker, standing and defoaming the filtrate at room temperature for 11 hours to prepare membrane casting solution; and (3) coating the casting solution on the surface of a glass plate, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.16mm, standing and drying at room temperature for 4 hours after the coating is finished, and drying in a 28 ℃ oven for 7 hours to obtain the anti-blocking bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane.
The anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane prepared by the invention can be widely applied to the technical field of treatment of dye wastewater and the like, and is characterized in that firstly, the anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane is selected and fixed into a pressure vessel type plate-and-frame membrane assembly, then, the wastewater is pumped into the pressure vessel type plate-and-frame membrane assembly under the stirring of a magnetic stirrer, the flow rate of the dye wastewater is controlled so that the column pressure of a sample injection column is maintained at 4MPa, and the dye wastewater can be filtered after being subjected to filter pressing treatment for 27min and then the permeation liquid is received.
Example 3
Firstly, weighing 15g of silver nitrate and 70mL of deionized water, placing the silver nitrate and the deionized water in a 500mL three-neck flask, after stirring and mixing for 15min, dropwise adding 30mL of ammonia water solution with the mass fraction of 10% into the three-neck flask, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 2mL/min, and after the dropwise adding is finished, stirring and mixing for 15min at room temperature to prepare a silver-ammonia solution; adding polyvinyl alcohol into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 8% according to the mass ratio of 1:8, stirring, mixing and placing in a triangular flask to prepare a base body fluid, then dropwise adding a silver ammonia solution into the base body fluid according to the mass ratio of 3:2, controlling the dropwise adding time to be 2h, after the dropwise adding is finished, centrifugally separating for 15min at 3000r/min, collecting lower-layer precipitates, washing for 5 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for 8h at 80 ℃ to prepare nano silver oxide; selecting hectorite, crushing and grinding the hectorite, sieving the hectorite with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain hectorite powder, then respectively weighing 50 parts of dodecylamine, 20 parts of nano silver oxide, 20 parts of ethyl orthosilicate and 30 parts of hectorite powder in parts by weight, placing the materials in a beaker, and stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry; pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, standing and solidifying for 8 hours at room temperature, demolding to obtain a dry blank, roasting the blank in a muffle furnace at 1000 ℃ for 5 hours, standing and cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain porous isomeric hectorite powder; selecting polyether sulfone and hectorite porous heterogeneous powder, drying at 100 ℃ for 24 hours to respectively obtain dry polyether sulfone and dry hectorite porous heterogeneous powder, mixing the dry hectorite porous heterogeneous powder with N, N-dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 1:10, placing the mixture in a beaker, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at 300W for 30min to prepare a modified dispersion liquid; respectively weighing 50 parts of modified dispersion liquid, 20 parts of dried polyether sulfone and 2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone in parts by weight, placing the modified dispersion liquid, the dried polyether sulfone and the polyvinylpyrrolidone in a beaker, stirring and mixing the mixture for 12 hours at room temperature, filtering the mixture by using 80-mesh filter cloth to obtain filtrate, placing the filtrate in the beaker, standing and defoaming the filtrate for 12 hours at room temperature to prepare membrane casting solution; and (3) coating the casting solution on the surface of a glass plate, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.18mm, standing and drying at room temperature for 5 hours after the coating is finished, and drying in an oven at 30 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the anti-blocking bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane.
The anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane prepared by the invention can be widely applied to the technical field of treatment of dye wastewater and the like, and is characterized in that firstly, the anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane is selected and fixed into a pressure vessel type plate-and-frame membrane assembly, then, the wastewater is pumped into the pressure vessel type plate-and-frame membrane assembly under the stirring of a magnetic stirrer, the flow rate of the dye wastewater is controlled so that the column pressure of a sample injection column is maintained at 5MPa, and the dye wastewater can be filtered after being subjected to pressure filtration treatment for 30min and then the permeation liquid is received.
Table one:
remarking: the table I is a comparison table of the retention rates of crystal violet, methyl orange and Coomassie brilliant blue, pure water flux and bacteriostasis rate of the anti-clogging bacteriostasis type charged nanofiltration membrane and the positively charged composite membrane in the dye wastewater.
The anti-blocking bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane has high flux and strong anti-pollution, and can effectively prevent inorganic waste from stacking membrane pores to block and inhibit the biological propagation on the surface of the membrane.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of an anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
(1) mixing 10-15 g of silver nitrate with 60-70 mL of deionized water, dropwise adding 25-30 mL of 10% ammonia water solution in mass fraction, stirring and mixing to obtain a silver-ammonia solution, adding polyvinyl alcohol into 8% sodium hydroxide solution in mass fraction according to a mass ratio of 1:8, stirring and mixing to obtain a base body fluid, dropwise adding the silver-ammonia solution into the base body fluid according to a mass ratio of 3:2, performing centrifugal separation after dropwise adding, collecting lower-layer precipitates, washing and drying to obtain nano silver oxide;
(2) crushing and grinding hectorite, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain hectorite powder, weighing 45-50 parts by weight of dodecylamine, 15-20 parts by weight of the prepared nano silver oxide, 15-20 parts by weight of ethyl orthosilicate and 25-30 parts by weight of hectorite powder, stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry, pouring the mixed slurry into a mold, standing for solidification, demolding to obtain a dry blank, roasting the dry blank, and then grinding and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain porous heterogeneous hectorite powder;
(3) mixing dry hectorite porous heterogeneous powder with N, N-dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 1:10, performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a modified dispersion liquid, weighing 45-50 parts of the modified dispersion liquid, 15-20 parts of dry polyether sulfone and 1-2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone respectively according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, filtering to obtain a filtrate, standing and defoaming to obtain a casting solution, coating the casting solution on the surface of a glass plate, controlling the coating thickness to be 0.15-0.18 mm, and drying after coating is completed to obtain the anti-clogging and antibacterial type charged nanofiltration membrane.
2. The method for preparing the anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) roasting the dried blank in the step (2) at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the anti-clogging bacteriostatic charged nanofiltration membrane according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) filtering by using 75-80-mesh filter cloth in the step (3).
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