CN110973212A - Small-caliber plant casing and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Small-caliber plant casing and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110973212A CN110973212A CN201911216987.XA CN201911216987A CN110973212A CN 110973212 A CN110973212 A CN 110973212A CN 201911216987 A CN201911216987 A CN 201911216987A CN 110973212 A CN110973212 A CN 110973212A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C13/00—Sausage casings
- A22C13/0013—Chemical composition of synthetic sausage casings
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of casing production, in particular to a small-caliber plant casing and a preparation process thereof. The small-caliber plant casing has a caliber generally smaller than phi 18, and the adopted glue solution comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-10% of sodium alginate, 0.2-2.0% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.05-0.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1-2% of starch, 0.1-1% of glycerol and the balance of water. In the sodium alginate, the ratio of the high G type sodium alginate to the high M type sodium alginate is 1:3-1: 5. The small-caliber plant sausage casing has excellent compressive strength, tensile strength and elongation at break, and is good in skin and stuffing combination and stable in quality after being applied to sausage; the invention also provides a simple and feasible preparation process of the small-caliber plant sausage casing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casing production, in particular to a small-caliber plant casing and a preparation process thereof.
Background
At present, edible casings in the market are mainly natural casings and collagen casings, plant casings are rarely used, and certain use limitations are provided for vegetarians or Islamic beliefs.
The invention patent CN103518819A discloses an edible sodium alginate casing and a preparation method thereof, which describes a preparation method of a plant casing, but the plant casing is prepared only by a laboratory, and a tubular casing film with better toughness is obtained, continuous production is not realized, the use performance is not considered, and whether skin-stuffing combination is feasible or not is included.
There is a vegetable casing on the market which is formed by coextrusion technique, not the finished product of casing. The invention patent CN201410189074.4 discloses an edible vegetable casing composition, which refers to the coextruded sausage formed by vegetable gum in the industry, rather than the formed casing. The key technology of the sausage co-extrusion technology is 'synchronous forming', namely, filling and plant glue are separately packaged in two independent sub-co-extrusion nozzles and are extruded out simultaneously, the glue is continuously and uniformly wrapped on the outer surface of meat stuffing, and the sausage body is continuously extruded from an inner layer casing opening of a concentric circle of the nozzles to finish the synchronous forming of filling. The film forming is based on meat stuffing and is directly shaped on the meat stuffing.
At present, the coextrusion equipment has certain limitations, and the meat stuffing is filled by using the formed casing in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the small-caliber plant sausage casing has excellent compressive strength, tensile strength and elongation at break, and is good in peel and stuffing combination and stable in quality after being applied to sausage; the invention also provides a simple and feasible preparation process of the small-caliber plant sausage casing.
The small-caliber plant casing has a caliber generally smaller than phi 18, and the adopted glue solution comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-10% of sodium alginate, 0.2-2.0% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.05-0.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1-2% of starch, 0.1-1% of glycerol and the balance of water.
In the sodium alginate, the ratio of the high G type sodium alginate to the high M type sodium alginate is 1:3-1: 5. The high-G type sodium alginate has high gel strength, is crisp, and the high-M type sodium alginate has low gel strength and elasticity, and the two types of sodium alginate are organically matched for use, so that the strength, the brittleness and the elasticity of a glue solution film are effectively ensured.
The water is process water subjected to secondary reverse osmosis treatment, namely softened water.
The starch is preferably a modified starch.
The preparation process of the small-caliber plant casing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing glue solution: mixing water and glycerol, and mixing other powdery raw materials; pouring the liquid into a vacuum cutting and mixing machine, starting at a low speed, then pouring the solid powder, and continuously cutting and mixing for 10-30 minutes until the liquid is mixed into a uniform solution;
(2) extruding and solidifying: after the prepared glue solution is extruded and formed, the prepared casing is showered by soluble calcium salt solution with the mass concentration of 2-12% to shape the casing;
(3) washing and drying: washing the casing with the process water subjected to the secondary reverse osmosis treatment, washing off the redundant calcium chloride solution, and then drying the casing with hot air at 48-58 ℃ for 10-20 min;
(4) plasticizing and drying: the casing is showered with 10-20% of glycerin, then the rest glycerin is blown away by using an air ring, the casing is continuously dried, the moisture content of the casing is controlled to be 20-25%, and the casing is wound on a wheel;
(5) shrinking and packaging: the casing is shrunk and formed by the shrinking machine, so that the subsequent packaging and filling use are facilitated, oil is sprayed to the inner wall and the outer wall of the casing in the shrinking process, and the oil spraying is ensured to be uniform. Vegetable oil is sprayed on the outer wall of the sausage casing, so that the moisture of the sausage casing is prevented from being lost, and the oil has good stability and is not easy to oxidize; the liquid sprayed on the inner wall is a mixture, so that the wrapper and stuffing are well combined when the sausage casing is used in the later period. And (5) shrinking to obtain the finished product casing.
The mixture is as follows: 10 wt% soy protein powder aqueous solution: the sunflower seed oil is 1:3.5, and an emulsifier is added to be emulsified uniformly, wherein the emulsifier is preferably tween 80, and the addition amount of the emulsifier is 0.1 wt%.
And detecting indexes such as pressure resistance, tension, elongation at break and the like of the finished product of the plant sausage casing, comparing the indexes with the collagen sausage casing, wherein the pressure resistance, the tension and the elongation at break are relatively close to those of the collagen sausage casing, and the elongation at break is slightly higher than that of the collagen sausage casing.
Filling and retort application testing:
according to the filling and cooking conditions of the collagen casing, the plant casing has no abnormality whether the vegetable casing is filled with vegetarian stuffing or meat stuffing, the cooking has no furnace falling, and no peeling phenomenon is found in a table baking and water cooking laboratory, and the result proves that the small-caliber plant casing prepared by the invention is the casing which can be normally used.
The invention develops a vegetarian sausage casing which is formed by shrinkage and does not contain any animal-derived ingredients, and a novel sausage casing which is consistent with a collagen sausage casing in use method. In the glue solution adopted by the invention, sodium alginate is a main film forming material and can be matched with starch to assist in film forming, modified starch is preferably selected, and the modified starch has lipophilicity and hydrophilicity and can increase the lipophilicity and hydrophilicity for the subsequent use of the enteric coating film; the added sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serving as an enhancer has film forming property on one hand, and the mechanical strength of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose can be improved by blending and forming the film on the other hand; the microcrystalline cellulose is used as a reinforcing agent to improve the strength and the temperature resistance, and the plasticizer glycerin is added for increasing the softness of the prepared sausage casing due to the crispness of the prepared sausage casing. In the invention, the glycerol is added specially, a part of the glycerol is added in the formula at first, and then a part of the glycerol is poured in the plasticizing drying step, so that the plasticizing effect is better.
The preparation process of the small-caliber plant casing has a plurality of process control points which are specifically represented in the following aspects:
(1) leaching with a soluble calcium salt solution: in order to make sodium alginate and calcium salt cross-linked, it can be soluble calcium salt such as calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.;
(2) after the first drying, glycerol is used for plasticizing: because the casing is dried for the first time, the softness of the casing can not be achieved, glycerin is sprayed for enhancing the softness of the casing, if too much glycerin is directly added into glue solution, the formation of a film structure is not facilitated, and the film is thin and easy to break;
(3) after the second drying, the moisture content of the sausage casing is controlled to be 20-25%: when the water control amount is too low, the sausage casing is dry, the sausage bursting phenomenon is easy to occur during filling, and when the water control amount is too high, microorganisms are easy to breed;
(4) in the shrinking process, the soybean protein powder is added into the mixture sprayed on the inner wall of the casing: the internal spraying and the external spraying are used for preventing the loss of water and increasing the softness of the sausage casing; after the soybean protein powder is sprayed internally, the adhesive force of the casing and stuffing can be improved, and the peeling phenomenon of the casing does not occur in the processes of stewing and poaching.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, by scientifically and reasonably designing the formula of the glue solution, the prepared small-caliber plant casing has excellent compressive strength, tensile strength and elongation at break;
(2) after the small-caliber plant sausage casing is applied to sausage, the skin and stuffing are well combined, and the quality is stable;
(3) the preparation process of the small-caliber plant casing is simple and feasible, and is beneficial to industrial production.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
The glue solution adopted by the small-caliber plant casing comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1% of sodium alginate, 0.2% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.05% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1% of starch, 0.1% of glycerol and the balance of water.
In the sodium alginate, the ratio of the high G type sodium alginate to the high M type sodium alginate is 1:3.
The preparation process of the small-caliber plant casing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing glue solution: mixing water and glycerol, and mixing other powdery raw materials; pouring the liquid into a vacuum cutting and mixing machine, starting at a low speed, then pouring the solid powder, and continuously cutting and mixing for 10 minutes until the solid powder is mixed into a uniform solution;
(2) extruding and solidifying: pouring the prepared glue solution into an extruder, extruding the casing through a machine head, blowing air into the casing at the same time, setting the air pressure to be 0.03MPa, and after extrusion molding, showering the casing by using a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 2% to shape the casing;
(3) washing and drying: washing the casing with the process water subjected to secondary reverse osmosis treatment, washing off excessive calcium chloride solution, and drying the casing with hot air at 48 deg.C for 20min at a coating speed of 40 m/min;
(4) plasticizing and drying: the casing is showered with 10% of glycerin by mass concentration, then the rest glycerin is blown off by using an air ring, the casing is continuously dried, the moisture content of the casing is controlled to be 20% by mass, and the casing is wound on a wheel;
(5) shrinking and packaging: the casing is shrunk and formed by the shrinking machine, so that the subsequent packaging and filling use are facilitated, oil is sprayed to the inner wall and the outer wall of the casing in the shrinking process, and the oil spraying is ensured to be uniform. Vegetable oil is sprayed on the outer wall of the sausage casing, so that the moisture of the sausage casing is prevented from being lost, and the oil has good stability and is not easy to oxidize; the liquid sprayed on the inner wall is a mixture (10 wt% of soybean protein powder aqueous solution: sunflower seed oil 1:3.5, and Tween 80 as an emulsifier is added, the addition amount is 0.1 wt%); the wrapper and stuffing are well combined when the sausage casing is used in the later period. And (5) shrinking to obtain the finished product casing.
Example 2
The glue solution adopted by the small-caliber plant casing comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10% of sodium alginate, 2.0% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2% of starch, 1% of glycerol and the balance of water.
In the sodium alginate, the ratio of the high G type sodium alginate to the high M type sodium alginate is 1: 4.
The preparation process of the small-caliber plant casing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing glue solution: mixing water and glycerol, and mixing other powdery raw materials; pouring the liquid into a vacuum cutting and mixing machine, starting at a low speed, then pouring the solid powder, and continuously cutting and mixing for 30 minutes until the liquid is mixed into a uniform solution;
(2) extruding and solidifying: pouring the prepared glue solution into an extruder, extruding the casing through a machine head, blowing air into the casing at the same time, setting the air pressure to be 0.03MPa, and after extrusion molding, showering the casing by using a calcium gluconate solution with the mass concentration of 12% to shape the casing;
(3) washing and drying: washing the casing with the process water subjected to the secondary reverse osmosis treatment, washing off the redundant calcium chloride solution, and then drying the casing with hot air at 58 ℃ for 20min, wherein the coating pulling speed is controlled at 40 m/min;
(4) plasticizing and drying: the casing is showered with 20% of glycerin by mass concentration, then the rest glycerin is blown off by using an air ring, the casing is continuously dried, the moisture content of the casing is controlled to be 25% by mass, and the casing is wound on a wheel;
(5) shrinking and packaging: the casing is shrunk and formed by the shrinking machine, so that the subsequent packaging and filling use are facilitated, oil is sprayed to the inner wall and the outer wall of the casing in the shrinking process, and the oil spraying is ensured to be uniform. Vegetable oil is sprayed on the outer wall of the sausage casing, so that the moisture of the sausage casing is prevented from being lost, and the oil has good stability and is not easy to oxidize; the liquid sprayed on the inner wall is a mixture (10 wt% of soybean protein powder aqueous solution: sunflower seed oil 1:3.5, and Tween 80 as an emulsifier is added, the addition amount is 0.1 wt%); the wrapper and stuffing are well combined when the sausage casing is used in the later period. And (5) shrinking to obtain the finished product casing.
Example 3
The glue solution adopted by the small-caliber plant casing comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6% of sodium alginate, 1.5% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.3% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.3% of starch, 0.6% of glycerol and the balance of water.
In the sodium alginate, the ratio of the high G type sodium alginate to the high M type sodium alginate is 1: 5.
The preparation process of the small-caliber plant casing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing glue solution: mixing water and glycerol, and mixing other powdery raw materials; pouring the liquid into a vacuum cutting and mixing machine, starting at a low speed, then pouring the solid powder, and continuously cutting and mixing for 20 minutes until the solid powder is mixed into a uniform solution;
(2) extruding and solidifying: pouring the prepared glue solution into an extruder, extruding the casing through a machine head, blowing air into the casing at the same time, setting the air pressure to be 0.03MPa, and after extrusion molding, using monocalcium phosphate solution with the mass concentration of 8% to shower the casing so as to shape the casing;
(3) washing and drying: washing the casing with the process water subjected to secondary reverse osmosis treatment, washing off excessive calcium chloride solution, and drying the casing with hot air at 52 deg.C for 16min at a coating speed of 40 m/min;
(4) plasticizing and drying: the casing is showered with 12% of glycerin by mass concentration, then the rest glycerin is blown off by using an air ring, the casing is continuously dried, the moisture content of the casing is controlled to be 22% by mass, and the casing is wound on a wheel;
(5) shrinking and packaging: the casing is shrunk and formed by the shrinking machine, so that the subsequent packaging and filling use are facilitated, oil is sprayed to the inner wall and the outer wall of the casing in the shrinking process, and the oil spraying is ensured to be uniform. Vegetable oil is sprayed on the outer wall of the sausage casing, so that the moisture of the sausage casing is prevented from being lost, and the oil has good stability and is not easy to oxidize; the liquid sprayed on the inner wall is a mixture (10 wt% of soybean protein powder aqueous solution: sunflower seed oil 1:3.5, and Tween 80 as an emulsifier is added, the addition amount is 0.1 wt%); the wrapper and stuffing are well combined when the sausage casing is used in the later period. And (5) shrinking to obtain the finished product casing.
Comparative example 1
The glue solution adopted by the small-caliber plant casing comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 6% of sodium alginate, 0.3% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.3% of starch, 0.6% of glycerol and the balance of water.
In the sodium alginate, the ratio of the high G type sodium alginate to the high M type sodium alginate is 1: 5.
The preparation process of the small-caliber plant casing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing glue solution: mixing water and glycerol, and mixing other powdery raw materials; pouring the liquid into a vacuum cutting and mixing machine, starting at a low speed, then pouring the solid powder, and continuously cutting and mixing for 20 minutes until the solid powder is mixed into a uniform solution;
(2) extruding and solidifying: pouring the prepared glue solution into an extruder, extruding the casing through a machine head, blowing air into the casing at the same time, setting the air pressure to be 0.03MPa, and after extrusion molding, using monocalcium phosphate solution with the mass concentration of 8% to shower the casing so as to shape the casing;
(3) washing and drying: washing the casing with the process water subjected to secondary reverse osmosis treatment, washing off excessive calcium chloride solution, and drying the casing with hot air at 52 deg.C for 16min at a coating speed of 40 m/min;
(4) plasticizing and drying: the casing is showered with 12% of glycerin by mass concentration, then the rest glycerin is blown off by using an air ring, the casing is continuously dried, the moisture content of the casing is controlled to be 22% by mass, and the casing is wound on a wheel;
(5) shrinking and packaging: the casing is shrunk and formed by the shrinking machine, so that the subsequent packaging and filling use are facilitated, oil is sprayed to the inner wall and the outer wall of the casing in the shrinking process, and the oil spraying is ensured to be uniform. Vegetable oil is sprayed on the outer wall of the sausage casing, so that the moisture of the sausage casing is prevented from being lost, and the oil has good stability and is not easy to oxidize; the liquid sprayed on the inner wall is a mixture (10 wt% of soybean protein powder aqueous solution: sunflower seed oil 1:3.5, and Tween 80 as an emulsifier is added, the addition amount is 0.1 wt%); the wrapper and stuffing are well combined when the sausage casing is used in the later period. And (5) shrinking to obtain the finished product casing.
The prepared casings were tested for mechanical properties and applications.
Applying the test conditions:
the filling speed of the stuffing is set to be 450 knots/minute, the stuffing enters a smoking furnace after filling, the smoking furnace adopts the process of drying at 60 ℃ for 20 minutes, cooking at 70 ℃ for 20 minutes in the first step and cooking at 80 ℃ for 25 minutes in the second step. The second day after freezing overnight, the bench baking and water boiling experiments were performed.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Claims (10)
1. A small-caliber plant casing is characterized in that: the adopted glue solution comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-10% of sodium alginate, 0.2-2.0% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.05-0.5% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1-2% of starch, 0.1-1% of glycerol and the balance of water;
in the sodium alginate, the ratio of the high G type sodium alginate to the high M type sodium alginate is 1:3-1: 5.
2. The small-caliber plant casing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water is process water subjected to secondary reverse osmosis treatment.
3. A process for the preparation of small-caliber plant casings as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing glue solution: mixing water and glycerol, and mixing other materials; pouring the liquid into a vacuum chopper mixer, starting at low speed, then pouring the solid powder, and continuously chopping for 10-30min until the solid powder is mixed into a uniform solution;
(2) extruding and solidifying: after the prepared glue solution is extruded and formed, the sausage casing is showered by soluble calcium salt solution;
(3) washing and drying: washing the sausage casing with water, washing off the excessive calcium chloride solution, and drying the sausage casing;
(4) plasticizing and drying: the casing is subjected to a shower of glycerin, then the rest glycerin is blown away by using an air ring, and the casing is continuously dried;
(5) shrinking and packaging: and (3) spraying oil to the inner wall and the outer wall of the casing in the telescoping process to obtain a finished casing.
4. The process for the preparation of small-caliber plant casings as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (2), the mass concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 2-8%.
5. The process for the preparation of small-caliber plant casings as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (3), the used water is process water subjected to secondary reverse osmosis treatment; drying with hot air at 48-58 deg.C for 10-20 min.
6. The process for the preparation of small-caliber plant casings as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (4), the mass concentration of the glycerol is 10-20%.
7. The process for the preparation of small-caliber plant casings as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: and (4) controlling the moisture mass content of the sausage casing to be 20-25% during drying.
8. The process for the preparation of small-caliber plant casings as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: and (5) spraying vegetable oil on the outer wall of the casing.
9. The process for the preparation of small-caliber plant casings as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (5), the substances sprayed on the inner wall of the sausage casing are as follows: 10 wt% of soybean protein powder aqueous solution and sunflower seed oil, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the soybean protein powder aqueous solution to the sunflower seed oil is 1: 3.5.
10. The process for the preparation of small-caliber plant casings according to claim 9, characterized in that: the 10 wt% soybean protein powder water solution and sunflower seed oil are emulsified evenly by adding emulsifier.
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| CN201911216987.XA CN110973212A (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Small-caliber plant casing and preparation process thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112262876A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-26 | 青岛明月海藻集团有限公司 | Alginate co-extrusion casing glue, preparation method thereof and obtained co-extrusion casing |
| CN113854341A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-31 | 山东海奥斯生物科技有限公司 | Edible casing and preparation method thereof |
| CN115136975A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-10-04 | 山东海奥斯生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving light transmittance of collagen casing |
-
2019
- 2019-11-28 CN CN201911216987.XA patent/CN110973212A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112262876A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-26 | 青岛明月海藻集团有限公司 | Alginate co-extrusion casing glue, preparation method thereof and obtained co-extrusion casing |
| CN113854341A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-31 | 山东海奥斯生物科技有限公司 | Edible casing and preparation method thereof |
| CN113854341B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-01-17 | 山东海奥斯生物科技股份有限公司 | Edible casing and preparation method thereof |
| CN115136975A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-10-04 | 山东海奥斯生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving light transmittance of collagen casing |
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Application publication date: 20200410 |