CN110972612A

CN110972612A - Be applied to automatic earthing subassembly of sowing of crops such as vegetables, melon and fruit

Info

Publication number: CN110972612A
Application number: CN201911330225.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈诚; 费先江; 梁根如
Original assignee: Luan Qimingdao Electromechanical Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Luan Qimingdao Electromechanical Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-20
Filing date: 2019-12-20
Publication date: 2020-04-10

Abstract

The invention provides a soil covering assembly applied to automatic seeding of crops such as vegetables, fruits and the like, which comprises a main frame body (100) and a soil filling and seeding device (300), wherein the main frame body (100) comprises a fixing frame body (110), an installation frame body (120) and a lifting mechanism (130), the fixing frame body (110) is fixedly installed on advancing equipment such as a tractor and the like, a guide assembly is arranged between the installation frame body (120) and the fixing frame body (110) and is installed and connected with the installation frame body (110) through the guide assembly, the lifting mechanism (130) is used for driving the installation frame body (120) to displace along the guide direction of the guide assembly, the soil filling and seeding device (300) comprises a seeding mechanism (310), a soil filling mechanism (320) and a driving mechanism (330), the seeding mechanism (310) is used for digging a pit on the ground and seeding the seeds into the pit, and the soil filling mechanism (320) is used for filling soil around, the driving mechanism (330) is used for providing power for the operation of the sowing mechanism (310)/the soil filling mechanism (320).

Description

Be applied to automatic earthing subassembly of sowing of crops such as vegetables, melon and fruit

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of crops, in particular to an earth covering assembly applied to automatic seeding of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits.

Background

At present, the speed of urbanization in China is faster and faster, more and more rural labor force is poured into towns, most of the rest rural population is old people and children, the rural labor force becomes short, the planting of agricultural plants is generally carried out manually, a shallow groove needs to be dug in a farmland, then seeds are placed in the shallow groove, the shallow groove is buried by soil on two sides of the shallow groove, a manual planting method is usually adopted, but the manual planting method is only suitable for planting or small-scale planting in rural fields, the efficiency of the manual trenching and seeding method is too low and the labor intensity is larger during large-area planting, therefore, the invention needs to provide an automatic seeding device which can carry out automatic seeding and soil filling treatment on the seeds, greatly reduces the labor intensity of workers and improves the seeding efficiency, the spacing distance between two adjacent groups of seeds after seeding is constant and can be manually debugged and adjusted in advance, the seeds in the whole field are distributed at even intervals, the utilization rate of the field is greatly increased, and the generated benefits can be maximized.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the soil covering assembly applied to automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits, and the like, which can perform automatic sowing and soil filling treatment on seeds, greatly reduce the labor intensity of workers and improve the sowing efficiency, wherein the spacing distance between two adjacent groups of seeds after sowing is constant, and can be manually adjusted in advance, the seeds in the whole field are uniformly distributed at intervals, the utilization rate of the field is greatly increased, and the generated benefit can be maximized.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.

The soil covering component applied to the automatic seeding of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits comprises a main frame body (100) and a soil filling and seeding device (300), the main frame body (100) comprises a fixed frame body (110), an installation frame body (120) and a lifting mechanism (130), wherein the fixed frame body (110) is fixedly installed on traveling equipment such as a tractor, a guide assembly is arranged between the installation frame body (120) and the fixed frame body (110) and is installed and connected with the installation frame body and the fixed frame body through the guide assembly, the guide assembly comprises a slide rail a (111) arranged on the fixed frame body (110) and a slide rail b (121) arranged on the installation frame body (120), and a sliding guide fit with the guide direction vertical to the ground is formed between the slide rail a (111) and the slide rail b (121), the lifting mechanism (130) is used for driving the mounting frame body (120) to displace along the guide direction of the guide assembly;

the soil filling and seeding device (300) is arranged on the mounting frame body (120), and the soil filling and seeding device (300) is used for digging a pit on the ground machine, seeding seeds into the pit and filling soil into the pit;

the soil filling and seeding device (300) comprises a seeding mechanism (310), a soil filling mechanism (320) and a driving mechanism (330), wherein the seeding mechanism (310) is used for digging a pit on the ground and seeding seeds into the pit, the soil filling mechanism (320) is used for filling soil around the pit into the pit, and the driving mechanism (330) is used for providing power for the operation of the seeding mechanism (310)/the soil filling mechanism (320).

The technical scheme is further improved and optimized.

The lifting mechanism (130) comprises a power connecting component (1310) and a lifting component (1320), wherein the power connecting component (1310) is used for power connection between the lifting component (1320) and a power source of traveling equipment such as a tractor, and the lifting component (1320) is used for driving the mounting frame body (120) to displace along the guiding direction of the guiding component;

the power connecting component (1310) comprises a connecting shaft a (1311) and a connecting shaft b (1312), the axial direction of the connecting shaft a (1311) is parallel to the axial direction of an output shaft of a power source of traveling equipment such as a tractor, the axial direction of the connecting shaft b (1312) is parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting shaft a (1311), and the connecting shaft a (1311) and the connecting shaft b (1312) are movably mounted on the mounting frame body (120) and respectively rotate around the axial direction of the connecting shaft a (1311) and the connecting shaft b (1312;

a universal coupling (1313) is arranged between the connecting shaft a (1311) and a power source output shaft of a traveling device such as a tractor, power connection transmission is carried out between the connecting shaft a (1311) and the power source output shaft through the universal coupling (1313), a power connecting piece I (1314) is arranged between the connecting shaft b (1312) and the connecting shaft a (1311), power connection transmission is carried out between the connecting shaft b (1312) and the connecting shaft a (1314) through the power connecting piece I (1314), and the power connecting piece I (1314) is a worm gear power transmission structure.

The technical scheme is further improved and optimized.

The lifting member (1320) comprises a guide assembly and a driving shaft (1323), the axial direction of the driving shaft (1323) is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft b (1312), the driving shaft (1323) is movably mounted on the mounting frame body (120) and can rotate around the axial direction of the driving shaft, a second power connecting piece is arranged between the driving shaft (1323) and the connecting shaft b (1312), the second power connecting piece is in a belt transmission structure and is in a two-group structure and is respectively positioned at one end of the connecting shaft b (1312) in the axial direction of the driving shaft;

the guide assembly is provided with two groups and is respectively positioned at one end of the driving shaft (1323) along the axial direction of the guide assembly, the guide assembly comprises a lifting slide bar (1321), a guide support (1322) and a driving block (1324), the guide direction of the lifting slide bar (1321) is vertical to the ground, the lifting slide bar (1321) is fixedly connected with the fixed frame body (110), the lifting slide bar (1321) is movably connected with the installation frame body (120) and forms sliding guide fit with the installation frame body, and the lifting slide bar (1321) is provided with two groups along the axial direction of the connecting shaft a (1311);

the guide support (1322) is fixed at the top end of the lifting slide bar (1321), and a guide area with the guide direction parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft a (1311) is arranged on the guide support (1322);

the driving block (1324) is fixed at the end part of the driving shaft (1323), a driving bulge (1325) is arranged on the side surface of the driving block (1324), and the free end of the driving bulge (1325) is positioned in the guide area of the guide bracket (1322) and forms sliding guide fit.

The technical scheme is further improved and optimized.

The seeding mechanism (310) comprises a rotary drum (311), a seeding rotating shaft (312) and a drill bit (313), the rotary drum (311) is of a circular cylinder structure with two open ends and arranged vertically, and the rotary drum (311) is movably arranged on the main frame body (100) and can rotate around the axial direction of the rotary drum;

the seeding rotating shaft (312) is a circular shaft structure with two open ends and is coaxially arranged with the rotating drum (311), the seeding rotating shaft (312) is movably arranged on the main frame body (100), can displace along the self axial direction and can rotate around the self axial direction, the top end of the seeding rotating shaft (312) is positioned in the rotating drum (311), a connecting component is arranged between the seeding rotating shaft (312) and the rotating drum (311), power is connected and transmitted between the seeding rotating shaft (312) and the rotating drum (311) through the connecting component, and when the seeding rotating shaft (312) displaces along the self axial direction, the rotating drum (311) can continuously output power to the seeding rotating shaft (312) through the connecting component;

the drill bit (313) is of a circular truncated cone barrel structure with openings at two ends, the large end of the drill bit (313) is coaxially fixed at the bottom end of the sowing rotating shaft (312), and a plurality of groups of convex blade strips used for soil drilling are arranged outside the drill bit (313) in an array mode along the circumferential direction of the drill bit (313).

The technical scheme is further improved and optimized.

The connecting assembly comprises a first internal spline arranged on the inner wall of the rotary drum (311) and a first external spline arranged outside the top end of the sowing rotating shaft (312);

the horizontal fixed transverse plate (3131) of tip of drill bit (313), transverse plate (3131) be with the semicircle plate structure of drill bit (313) coaxial arrangement, transverse plate (3131) are used for the tip of shutoff drill bit (313) and shutoff area is less than one-half of drill bit (313) tip area.

The technical scheme is further improved and optimized.

The soil filling mechanism (320) comprises a soil filling component and a reversing component, wherein the soil filling component is used for filling soil around the pot hole into the pot hole, the reversing component is used for receiving power generated by rotation of the sowing rotating shaft (312) and transmitting the power to the soil filling component for the soil filling component to rotate around the axial direction of the soil filling component, and the steering direction of the soil filling component is opposite to the steering direction of the sowing rotating shaft (312);

the soil filling component comprises a fixed shell, a soil filling rotating shaft (321) and a soil filling assembly, the fixed shell is a circular shell structure which is coaxially arranged with the seeding rotating shaft (312), the fixed shell is fixed on the main frame body (100), the upper end face of the fixed shell is coaxially provided with an upper avoidance hole, the lower end face of the fixed shell is coaxially provided with a lower avoidance hole, the bottom end of the seeding rotating shaft (312) sequentially penetrates through the upper avoidance hole, the inner cavity of the fixed shell and the lower avoidance hole and is positioned right below the fixed shell, and the bottom of the fixed shell is coaxially provided with a fixed sleeve b (323);

the soil filling rotating shaft (321) is a circular shaft structure which is coaxially arranged with the seeding rotating shaft (312) and has two open ends, the soil filling rotating shaft (321) is coaxially and movably sleeved outside the seeding rotating shaft (213) and does not interfere with each other when rotating, the top end of the soil filling rotating shaft (321) is positioned in the fixed shell, the bottom end of the soil filling rotating shaft (321) penetrates through the lower avoiding hole and is positioned between the fixed sleeve b (323) and the bottom end of the seeding rotating shaft (312), and the bottom end of the soil filling rotating shaft (321) is coaxially provided with the fixed sleeve a (322);

the external of the fixed sleeve a (322) is provided with a hinge protrusion a, and the external of the fixed sleeve b (323) is provided with a hinge protrusion b.

The technical scheme is further improved and optimized.

The earth filling component comprises a connecting rod a (324), a connecting rod b (325) and an earth filling plate (326), wherein the connecting rod b (325) can be divided into three parts which are respectively a connecting section I/II/III from top to bottom, the connecting section I is obliquely arranged, the distance between the connecting section I and the earth filling rotating shaft (321) is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the bottom end of the connecting section I is hinged with the hinged bulge a, a hinged shaft formed at the hinged joint between the bottom end of the connecting section I and the hinged bulge a is axially parallel to the ground, the connecting section II is obliquely arranged, the distance between the connecting section II and the earth filling rotating shaft (321) is gradually increased from top to bottom, the top end of the connecting section II and the bottom end of the connecting section I are fixedly connected, the connecting section III is obliquely arranged, the distance between the connecting section III and the earth filling rotating shaft (321) is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the top end of the connecting section III and the bottom end of the connecting section, the earth filling plate (326) is obliquely fixed at the bottom end of the third connecting section, and the distance between the earth filling plate (326) and the earth filling rotating shaft (321) is gradually increased from top to bottom;

a V-shaped structure with a V-shaped inner included angle opening departing from the soil filling rotating shaft (321) is formed between the first connecting section and the second connecting section of the connecting rod b (325), and a V-shaped structure with a V-shaped inner included angle opening facing the soil filling rotating shaft (321) is formed between the second connecting section and the third connecting section of the connecting rod b (325);

the hinged protrusion b arranged outside the fixed sleeve b (323) is positioned at one side, facing the soil filling rotating shaft (321), of the top end of the connecting section of the connecting rod b (325), one end of the connecting rod a (324) is hinged with the hinged protrusion b, the other end of the connecting rod a (324) is hinged with the top end of the connecting section of the connecting rod b (325), a hinged shaft formed at the hinged joint between the connecting rod a (324) and the hinged protrusion b, a hinged shaft formed at the hinged joint between the connecting rod a (324) and the top end of the connecting section of the connecting rod b (325), and a hinged shaft formed at the hinged joint between the bottom end of the connecting section of the connecting rod b (325) and the hinged protrusion a are parallel to each;

the earth-filling components are arranged in two groups along the circumferential direction of the earth-filling rotating shaft (321) in an array mode, and the operation state of the earth-filling components can be divided into an opening state that two earth-filling plates (326) move away from each other and a closing state that the two earth-filling plates (326) move close to each other.

The technical scheme is further improved and optimized.

The reversing component is arranged in the fixed shell and comprises a housing, a reversing input bevel gear (327), a reversing output bevel gear (328) and a reversing transmission bevel gear (329), wherein the housing is positioned in a circular shell structure coaxially arranged in the fixed shell, a sliding component is arranged between the outside of the housing and the inner wall of the fixed shell and is connected with the outside of the housing through the sliding component, the sliding component comprises a sliding bulge arranged on the outside of the housing and a sliding groove arranged on the inner wall of the fixed shell, and a sliding guide fit with the guiding direction vertical to the ground is formed between the sliding bulge and the sliding groove;

the upper end surface of the housing is coaxially provided with an upper through hole for avoiding a seeding rotating shaft (312), the lower end surface of the housing is coaxially provided with a lower through hole, and the top end of the soil filling rotating shaft (321) penetrates through the lower through hole and is positioned in the housing;

the reversing input bevel gear (327), the reversing output bevel gear (328) and the reversing transmission bevel gear (329) are all positioned in the housing, a transmission assembly is arranged between the reversing input bevel gear (327) and the sowing rotating shaft (312) and is in power connection transmission through the transmission assembly, when the sowing rotating shaft (312) displaces along the self axial direction, the sowing rotating shaft (312) can continuously output power to the reversing input bevel gear (327) through the transmission assembly, and the transmission assembly comprises a second external spline arranged outside the sowing rotating shaft (312) and a second internal spline arranged inside the reversing input bevel gear (327);

the soil-filling machine is characterized in that the reversing output bevel gears (328) are coaxially fixed outside the top ends of the soil-filling rotating shafts (321), the reversing transmission bevel gears (329) are axially parallel to the ground and are also positioned between the reversing input bevel gears (327) and the reversing output bevel gears (328), the reversing transmission bevel gears (329) are movably mounted in the housing and can rotate around the self axial direction, the reversing transmission bevel gears (329) are respectively meshed with the reversing input bevel gears (327) and the reversing output bevel gears (328), and four groups of the reversing transmission bevel gears (329) are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the housing;

the outside of seeding pivot (312) still be provided with conflict step and conflict the step and be located fixed shell and be located the housing top, seeding pivot (312) are located the housing top and conflict the outside cover of part between the step and be equipped with stroke spring (340), the elasticity of stroke spring (340) makes the motion of keeping away from each other between housing and the conflict step.

The technical scheme is further improved and optimized.

The driving mechanism (330) comprises a first power transmission part, the first power transmission part is arranged between the connecting shaft a (1311) and the rotary drum (311) and is used for power connection and transmission between the connecting shaft a and the rotary drum, and the first power transmission part is of a bevel gear power transmission structure;

the driving mechanism (330) further comprises guide posts (332), movable supports (333) and a driving component, wherein the guide posts (332) are vertically fixed on the mounting frame body (120) and two groups of guide posts (332) are arranged, the movable supports (333) are fixedly connected with the sowing rotating shaft (312), the movable supports (333) are also movably connected with the guide posts (332) to form sliding guide fit, and guide areas with guide directions parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft a (1311) are arranged on the movable supports (333).

The technical scheme is further improved and optimized.

The driving components are provided with two groups and are respectively positioned on one side of the movable support (333) along the axial direction of the connecting shaft b (1312), each driving component comprises a mounting shaft (334), a fixed support (335), a distance adjusting screw rod (336) and a driving plate (337), the axial direction of the mounting shaft (334) is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft b (1312), the mounting shaft (334) is movably mounted on the mounting frame body (120) and can rotate around the axial direction of the mounting shaft b (1312), a power transmission piece II (331) is arranged between the mounting shaft (334) and the connecting shaft b (1312), power connection transmission is carried out between the mounting shaft (334) and the connecting shaft b (1312) through the power transmission piece II (331), and the power transmission piece II (331);

the fixed support (335) is fixed at the end part of the mounting shaft (334) facing the movable support (333), the axial direction of the distance adjusting screw rod (336) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the mounting shaft (334), the distance adjusting screw rod (336) is movably mounted on the fixed support (335) and can rotate around the axial direction of the distance adjusting screw rod, and the end part of the distance adjusting screw rod (336) is also provided with a distance adjusting convex plate for facilitating a worker to rotate the distance adjusting convex plate;

a guide sliding part is arranged between the driving plate (337) and the fixing support (335), the driving plate (337) is mounted on the fixing support (335) through the guide sliding part, the guide sliding part comprises a guide groove arranged on the driving plate (337) and a guide protrusion arranged on the fixing support (335), a sliding guide fit with a guide direction parallel to the axial direction of the distance adjusting screw rod (336) is formed between the guide groove and the guide protrusion, the driving plate (337) is further mounted outside the distance adjusting screw rod (336) through a nut, and the distance adjusting screw rod (336) rotates around the self axial direction and pulls the driving plate (337) to displace along the guide direction of the guide sliding part through the nut;

the side surface of the driving plate (337) facing the movable support (333) is provided with a driving pin (338), and the free end of the driving pin (338) is positioned in the guide area of the movable support (333) and forms sliding guide fit between the two.

Compared with the prior art, the automatic sowing and soil filling device has the advantages that automatic sowing and soil filling treatment can be performed on seeds, the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced, the sowing efficiency is improved, the spacing distance between two adjacent groups of seeds after sowing is constant, the seeds can be manually adjusted in advance, the seeds in the whole field are uniformly distributed at intervals, the utilization rate of the field is greatly increased, and the generated benefits can be maximized; in addition, the direction of rotation of the filling plate is opposite to that of the drill bit, so that soil around the hole degree can be folded into the pot hole to the maximum extent; in addition, the seeds are sequentially and quantitatively put into the sowing mechanism through the seed feeding device in sequence, and the quantity of the seeds put in each time can be adjusted in advance, so that the seeds conform to the optimal growth rule; in addition, the depth of the pot hole dug by the drill bit on the ground can be adjusted in advance, so that the depth of the pot hole is suitable for the growth environment of the seeds; in addition, the depth of the pit dug by the drill bit on the ground is equal to the sum of the descending displacement of the drill bit and the descending displacement of the mounting frame body, so that the aims of reducing the strength requirement on the seeding rotating shaft and reducing the load on the driving mechanism can be fulfilled.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the main frame body of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a fixing frame body and a mounting frame body according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the fit between the fixing frame and the mounting frame according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the lifting mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the power connection member of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the lifting member of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the seed feeding device and the soil-filling seeding device of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the seed feeding device of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seed feeding device of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the soil-filling seed-sowing device of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the sowing mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the combination of the rotating drum and the sowing shaft according to the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the seed planting mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the construction of the drill bit of the present invention.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the cooperation between the sowing mechanism and the soil filling mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a schematic structural view of the earth-filling member of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing the combination of the reversing member, the sowing shaft and the soil-filling shaft according to the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a schematic view showing the combination of the sowing rotary shaft, the filling rotary shaft and the reversing member according to the present invention.

Fig. 22 is a schematic view showing the engagement between the driving mechanism and the sowing rotary shaft of the present invention.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of the driving mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 24 is a schematic structural view of a driving member of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The sowing method has the advantages that the automatic sowing and soil filling treatment can be carried out on the seeds, the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced, the sowing efficiency is improved, the spacing distance between two adjacent groups of sowed seeds is constant, the spacing distance can be manually adjusted in advance, the seeds in the whole field are uniformly distributed at intervals, the utilization rate of the field is greatly increased, and the generated benefits can be maximized; in addition, the direction of rotation of the filling plate is opposite to that of the drill bit, so that soil around the hole degree can be folded into the pot hole to the maximum extent; in addition, the seeds are sequentially and quantitatively put into the sowing mechanism through the seed feeding device in sequence, and the quantity of the seeds put in each time can be adjusted in advance, so that the seeds conform to the optimal growth rule; in addition, the depth of the pot hole dug by the drill bit on the ground can be adjusted in advance, so that the depth of the pot hole is suitable for the growth environment of the seeds; in addition, the depth of the pit dug by the drill bit on the ground is equal to the sum of the descending displacement of the drill bit and the descending displacement of the mounting frame body, so that the aims of reducing the strength requirement on the seeding rotating shaft and reducing the load on the driving mechanism can be fulfilled.

Synchronous automatic seeder of filling up of two cores, it includes the body frame 100, seed feeding device 200, seeder 300 of filling up, body frame 100 is installed on advancing equipment such as tractor and seed feeding device 200 all installs on body frame 100 with seeder 300 of filling up, seed feeding device 200 is used for in proper order with quantitative seed input to seeder 300 of filling up, seeder 300 of filling up is used for digging the hole to the ground machine, sow the seed to the pothole in, fill in the pothole with earth.

The soil-filling seeding device 300 comprises a seeding mechanism 310, a soil-filling mechanism 320 and a driving mechanism 330, wherein the seeding mechanism 310 is used for digging a pit on the ground and seeding seeds into the pit, the soil-filling mechanism 320 is used for filling soil around the pit into the pit, and the driving mechanism 330 is used for providing power for the operation of the seeding mechanism 310/the soil-filling mechanism 320.

The sowing mechanism 310 comprises a rotary drum 311, a sowing rotating shaft 312 and a drill 313, the rotary drum 311 is a circular cylinder structure with two open ends and arranged vertically, and the rotary drum 311 is movably mounted on the main frame body 100 and can rotate around the axial direction of the rotary drum.

Seeding pivot 312 be both ends opening and with the coaxial circular shaft structure who arranges of rotary drum 311, seeding pivot 312 movable mounting can follow self axial on the body frame 100 and take place the displacement and can rotate around self axial, the top of seeding pivot 312 is located rotary drum 311, be provided with coupling assembling between seeding pivot 312 and the rotary drum 311 and carry out the power connection transmission through coupling assembling between the two, and when seeding pivot 312 takes place the displacement along self axial, rotary drum 311 accessible coupling assembling lasts to seeding pivot 312 output power, preferentially, coupling assembling including set up in the internal spline one of rotary drum 311 inner wall, set up in the external spline one of seeding pivot 312 top outside.

The drill 313 is of a circular truncated cone-shaped cylinder structure with openings at two ends, the large end of the drill 313 is coaxially fixed at the bottom end of the sowing rotating shaft 312, and a plurality of groups of convex blade strips used for soil drilling are arranged outside the drill 313 in an array manner along the circumferential direction of the drill.

Preferably, a transverse plate 3131 is horizontally fixed to the small end of the drill 313, the transverse plate 3131 is a semicircular plate structure coaxially arranged with the drill 313, and the transverse plate 3131 is used for sealing the small end of the drill 313 and the sealing area is less than one half of the area of the small end of the drill 313.

The rotary drum 311 rotates and pulls the seeding rotary shaft 312/the drill bit 313 to synchronously rotate, the seeding rotary shaft 312 moves downwards along the axial direction of the rotary drum and pulls the drill bit 313 to synchronously move, so that the drill bit 313 digs a pot hole on the ground, and meanwhile, seeds can fall into the pot hole through the rotary drum 311 and the seeding rotary shaft 312;

in the process of digging a hole by the drill 313, if the small end of the drill 313 is not provided with the transverse plate 3131, it may occur that soil located just below the lower end of the bit 313 is not excavated and is retained in the bit 313 in the form of a cylindrical protrusion, the cross plate 3131 prevents the seeds from falling into the pits, and the drill 313 rotates, the cross plate 3131 will dig a hole in the mud just below the lower end of the drill bit 313, since the cross plate 3131 is used to block the small end of the drill 313 with a blocking area smaller than half of the small end area of the drill 313, during the synchronous rotation of the cross plate 3131 with the drill 313, a circular leak hole is formed in the middle of the rotation track of the transverse plate 3131, the diameter of the circular leak hole is matched with that of the seeds, the diameter of the circular leak hole is smaller, the transverse plate 3131 rotates to dig a pit on the periphery of the transverse plate, meanwhile, the soil in the circular leak hole can be dragged to sputter around, and finally, the seeds can smoothly fall to the bottom of the pit dug by the drill bit 313 through the circular leak hole.

The soil filling mechanism 320 comprises a soil filling member and a reversing member, wherein the soil filling member is used for filling soil around the pot hole into the pot hole, the reversing member is used for receiving power generated by rotation of the sowing rotating shaft 312 and transmitting the power to the soil filling member for rotation around the axial direction of the soil filling member, and the rotation direction of the soil filling member is opposite to that of the sowing rotating shaft 312.

The component of filling out soil including fixed shell, the pivot 321 of filling out soil, the subassembly of filling out soil, fixed shell be with the seeding pivot 312 coaxial circular shell structure who arranges, fixed shell is fixed in on the body frame body 100 and the up end of fixed shell is coaxial to be seted up on dodge the hole, lower terminal surface is coaxial to be seted up down dodge the hole, the bottom of seeding pivot 312 passes in proper order and dodges hole, fixed shell inner chamber, dodges the hole and lies in fixed shell under, the coaxial fixed cover b323 that is provided with in bottom of fixed shell.

The rotation shaft 321 of filling soil is a circular shaft structure which is coaxially arranged with the seeding rotation shaft 312 and has two open ends, the rotation shaft 213 of filling soil is coaxially sleeved with the rotation shaft 321 of filling soil, the rotation shaft and the rotation shaft do not interfere with each other, the top end of the rotation shaft 321 of filling soil is positioned in the fixed shell, the bottom end of the rotation shaft 321 of filling soil penetrates through the lower avoiding hole and is positioned between the fixed sleeve b323 and the bottom end of the seeding rotation shaft 312, and the bottom end of the rotation shaft 321 of filling soil is coaxially provided with a fixed sleeve a.

The external part of the fixing sleeve a322 is provided with a hinge protrusion a, and the external part of the fixing sleeve b323 is provided with a hinge protrusion b.

The earth-filling component comprises a connecting rod a324, a connecting rod b325 and an earth-filling plate 326, wherein the connecting rod b325 can be divided into three parts which are respectively a connecting section I/II/III from top to bottom, the connecting section I is obliquely arranged, the distance between the connecting section I and the earth-filling rotating shaft 321 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the bottom end of the connecting section I is hinged with the hinged bulge A, a hinged shaft formed at the hinged joint between the bottom end of the connecting section I and the hinged bulge A is axially parallel to the ground, the connecting section II is obliquely arranged, the distance between the connecting section II and the earth-filling rotating shaft 321 is gradually increased from top to bottom, the top end of the connecting section II is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the connecting section I, the connecting section III is obliquely arranged, the distance between the connecting section III and the earth-filling rotating shaft 321 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the top end of the connecting section III is fixedly connected with, the earth-filling plate 326 is obliquely fixed at the bottom end of the third connecting section, and the distance between the earth-filling plate 326 and the earth-filling rotating shaft 321 increases from top to bottom.

A V-shaped structure with a V-shaped inner included angle opening departing from the soil filling rotating shaft 321 is formed between the first connecting section and the second connecting section of the connecting rod b325, and a V-shaped structure with a V-shaped inner included angle opening facing the soil filling rotating shaft 321 is formed between the second connecting section and the third connecting section of the connecting rod b 325.

The hinge protrusion b arranged outside the fixed sleeve b323 is positioned on one side of the top end of the connecting section of the connecting rod b325 towards the soil filling rotating shaft 321, one end of the connecting rod a324 is hinged with the hinge protrusion b, the other end of the connecting rod a324 is hinged with the top end of the connecting section of the connecting rod b325, a hinge shaft formed by the hinge joint between the connecting rod a324 and the hinge protrusion b, a hinge shaft formed by the hinge joint between the connecting rod a324 and the top end of the connecting section of the connecting rod b325, and a hinge shaft formed by the hinge joint between the bottom end of the connecting section of the connecting rod b325 and the hinge protrusion a are parallel to each.

The two earth-filling assemblies are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the earth-filling rotating shaft 321, and the operation state of the earth-filling assemblies can be divided into an open state in which the two earth-filling plates 326 move away from each other and a closed state in which the two earth-filling plates 326 approach each other.

The reversing component is arranged in the fixed shell and comprises a housing, a reversing input bevel gear 327, a reversing output bevel gear 328 and a reversing transmission bevel gear 329, wherein the housing is positioned in a circular shell structure coaxially arranged on the fixed shell, a sliding component is arranged between the outside of the housing and the inner wall of the fixed shell and is connected with the outside of the housing and the inner wall of the fixed shell through the sliding component, specifically, the sliding component comprises a sliding protrusion arranged on the outside of the housing and a sliding groove arranged on the inner wall of the fixed shell, and a sliding guide fit with the guiding direction perpendicular to the ground is formed between the sliding protrusion and the sliding groove.

The upper end face of the housing is coaxially provided with an upper through hole for avoiding the seeding rotating shaft 312, the lower end face of the housing is coaxially provided with a lower through hole, and the top end of the soil filling rotating shaft 321 penetrates through the lower through hole and is positioned in the housing.

The reversing input bevel gear 327, the reversing output bevel gear 328 and the reversing transmission bevel gear 329 are all located in the housing, a transmission assembly is arranged between the reversing input bevel gear 327 and the sowing rotating shaft 312, power is transmitted through the transmission assembly in a connected mode, when the sowing rotating shaft 312 is displaced along the axial direction of the sowing rotating shaft, the sowing rotating shaft 312 can continuously output power to the reversing input bevel gear 327 through the transmission assembly, and specifically, the transmission assembly comprises an external spline II arranged outside the sowing rotating shaft 312 and an internal spline II arranged inside the reversing input bevel gear 327.

The soil filling device is characterized in that the reversing output bevel gears 328 are coaxially fixed outside the top ends of the soil filling rotating shafts 321, the reversing transmission bevel gears 329 are axially parallel to the ground and are also positioned between the reversing input bevel gears 327 and the reversing output bevel gears 328, the reversing transmission bevel gears 329 are movably mounted in the housing and can rotate around the self axial direction, the reversing transmission bevel gears 329 are also respectively meshed with the reversing input bevel gears 327 and the reversing output bevel gears 328, and four groups of the reversing transmission bevel gears 329 are arranged in an array manner along the circumferential direction of the housing.

The outside of seeding pivot 312 still be provided with conflict step and be located fixed shell and be located the housing top, seeding pivot 312 is located the housing top and contradicts the outside cover of part between the step and be equipped with stroke spring 340, the elasticity of stroke spring 340 makes the motion of keeping away from each other between housing and the conflict step.

The sowing mechanism 310 and the soil filling mechanism 320 are mutually matched and perform automatic sowing on seeds, which is specifically represented as follows: the driving mechanism 330 operates and drives the rotary drum 311 to rotate around the self axial direction, drives the seeding rotary shaft 312 to perform descending/ascending reciprocating motion along the self axial direction, the rotary drum 311 rotates and pulls the seeding rotary shaft 312 to synchronously rotate, and the seeding rotary shaft 312 rotates and pulls the soil filling rotary shaft 321 to synchronously rotate in the opposite direction through the reversing component;

in the descending process of the sowing rotating shaft 312, the sowing rotating shaft 312 drives the reversing member/filling rotating shaft 321 to descend synchronously through the stroke spring 340, and the fixed shell is fixed and stationary, so that under the matching of the connecting rod a324 and the connecting rod b325, the two groups of filling plates 326 move away from each other, and the filling assembly is switched to an open state; then, when the drill bit 313 contacts with the ground, the bottom end of the housing contacts with the bottom of the cavity of the fixed housing, the soil filling component keeps the maximum opening and synchronously rotates along with the soil filling rotating shaft 321, the drill bit 313 continuously descends and synchronously rotates along with the seeding rotating shaft 312, the stroke spring 340 is in a compressed state, when the seeding rotating shaft 312 descends to the lowest point, seeds fall into the pot hole through the rotary drum 311, the seeding rotating shaft 312 and the drill bit 313, and the seeding is finished;

in the ascending process of the seeding rotating shaft 312, the stroke spring 340 firstly releases the compression amount, when the drill bit 313 is separated from the pot hole, the compression amount of the stroke spring 340 is released, then the seeding rotating shaft 312 ascends and pulls the reversing member/the filling rotating shaft 321 to ascend synchronously, because the fixed shell is fixed and still, under the matching of the connecting rod a324 and the connecting rod b325, the two groups of filling plates 326 move close to each other, the filling assembly is switched to a folding state, and simultaneously, the filling assembly also rotates synchronously along with the filling rotating shaft 321, so that the two groups of filling plates 326 push the soil generated by digging around the pot hole back to the pot hole again, the filling is finished, besides, in the ascending process of the seeding rotating shaft 312, the seed feeding device 200 also feeds the next group of seeds into the seeding mechanism 310 to provide seeds for the next seeding process;

the above processes are repeated in this way, and the automatic sowing in the field can be completed.

More specifically, in the process that the sowing mechanism 310 and the soil filling mechanism 320 are mutually matched and automatically sow seeds, the sowing rotating shaft 312 has a large displacement of ascending or descending along the self-axial direction, the sowing rotating shaft 312 is vertically arranged, which has a high requirement on the strength of the sowing rotating shaft 312 and a large load on the driving mechanism 330, in order to solve the problem, the main frame 100 comprises a fixing frame body 110, an installation frame body 120 and a lifting mechanism 130, the fixing frame body 110 is fixedly installed on a traveling device such as a tractor, a guide assembly is arranged between the installation frame body 120 and the fixing frame body 110 and is installed and connected with the fixing frame body 110 through the guide assembly, specifically, the guide assembly comprises a slide rail a111 arranged on the fixing frame body 110 and a slide rail b121 arranged on the installation frame body 120, and a sliding guide fit with a guide direction perpendicular to the ground is formed between the slide rail a111 and the slide rail b121, the lifting mechanism 130 is used for driving the mounting frame body 120 to displace along the guiding direction of the guiding assembly.

The soil-filling seeding device 300 and the seed feeding device 200 are both mounted on the mounting frame body 120.

The lifting mechanism 130 includes a power connection member 1310 and a lifting member 1320, the power connection member 1310 is used for power connection between the lifting member 1320 and a power source of a traveling device such as a tractor, and the lifting member 1320 is used for driving the mounting frame body 120 to displace along the guiding direction of the guiding assembly.

The power connection member 1310 comprises a connection shaft a1311 and a connection shaft b1312, wherein the axial direction of the connection shaft a1311 is parallel to the axial direction of an output shaft of a power source of a traveling device such as a tractor, the axial direction of the connection shaft b1312 is parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the axial direction of the connection shaft a1311, and the connection shaft a1311 and the connection shaft b1312 are movably mounted on the mounting frame body 120 and respectively rotate around the axial directions of the connection shaft a1311 and the connection shaft b 1312.

A universal coupling 1313 is arranged between the connecting shaft a1311 and a power source output shaft of a traveling device such as a tractor, power connection transmission is performed between the connecting shaft a1311 and the power source output shaft through the universal coupling 1313, a power connecting piece 1314 is arranged between the connecting shaft b1312 and the connecting shaft a1311, power connection transmission is performed between the connecting shaft b and the connecting shaft a 1314 through the power connecting piece 1314, and specifically, the power connecting piece 1314 is a worm and gear power transmission structure.

The lifting member 1320 includes a guiding assembly and a driving shaft 1323, the axial direction of the driving shaft 1323 is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft b1312, the driving shaft 1323 is movably mounted on the mounting frame body 120 and can rotate around the axial direction of the driving shaft, a second power connecting member is arranged between the driving shaft 1323 and the connecting shaft b1312, and the two power connecting members are connected and transmitted through the second power connecting member, specifically, the second power connecting member is a belt transmission structure, and preferably, the second power connecting member is provided with two groups and is respectively located at one end of the connecting shaft b1312 along the axial direction of the connecting shaft b.

The guide assembly is provided with two groups and is respectively positioned at one end of the driving shaft 1323 along the axial direction of the guide assembly, the guide assembly comprises a lifting slide bar 1321, a guide support 1322 and a driving block 1324, the guide direction of the lifting slide bar 1321 is perpendicular to the ground, the lifting slide bar 1321 is fixedly connected with the fixed frame body 110, the lifting slide bar 1321 is movably connected with the installation frame body 120 and forms sliding guide fit with the installation frame body 120, and the lifting slide bar 1321 is provided with two groups along the axial direction of the connecting shaft a 1311.

The guide bracket 1322 is fixed to the top end of the lifting slide bar 1321, and a guide area with a guide direction parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft a1311 is arranged on the guide bracket 1322.

The driving block 1324 is fixed at the end of the driving shaft 1323, the driving block 1324 is provided with a driving projection 1325 at the side, and the free end of the driving projection 1325 is positioned at the guiding area of the guiding bracket 1322 and forms a sliding guiding fit.

The connecting shaft a1311 receives the power of the power source of the traveling device and transmits the power to the driving shaft 1323 through the first power connecting piece 1314, the connecting shaft b1312 and the second power connecting piece to rotate around the axial direction of the driving shaft 1323, and in the rotating process of the driving shaft 1323, the mounting frame body 120 is enabled to perform ascending/descending reciprocating motion along the direction vertical to the ground through the matching between the driving protrusions 1325 and the guide areas of the guide supports 1322, and meanwhile, the driving mechanism 330 drives the sowing rotating shaft 312 to perform synchronous ascending/descending reciprocating motion, so that the ascending or descending displacement of the sowing rotating shaft 312 is equal to the sum of the self displacement and the displacement of the mounting frame body 120, and the purposes of reducing the strength requirement on the sowing rotating shaft 312.

The driving mechanism 330 includes a first power transmission member, which is disposed between the connecting shaft a1311 and the rotating drum 311 and is used for power connection and transmission between the connecting shaft a and the rotating drum 311, and specifically, the first power transmission member is a bevel gear power transmission structure.

The driving mechanism 330 further comprises two groups of guide posts 332, a movable support 333 and a driving member, wherein the guide posts 332 are vertically fixed on the mounting frame body 120, the two groups of guide posts 332 are arranged, the movable support 333 is fixedly connected with the sowing rotating shaft 312, the movable support 333 is movably connected with the guide posts 332 to form sliding guide fit, and a guide area with the guide direction parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft a1311 is arranged on the movable support 333.

The driving members are provided with two groups and are respectively positioned on one side of the movable support 333 along the axial direction of the connecting shaft b1312, each driving member comprises a mounting shaft 334, a fixed support 335, a distance adjusting screw rod 336 and a driving plate 337, the axial direction of the mounting shaft 334 is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft b1312, the mounting shaft 334 is movably mounted on the mounting frame body 120 and can rotate around the axial direction of the mounting shaft 334, a power transmission member II 331 is arranged between the mounting shaft 334 and the connecting shaft b1312, power connection transmission is carried out between the mounting shaft 334 and the connecting shaft b1312 through the power transmission member II 331, and particularly, the power transmission member II 331 is of a belt.

The fixed support 335 is fixed at the end of the mounting shaft 334 facing the movable support 333, the axial direction of the distance adjusting screw 336 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the mounting shaft 334, the distance adjusting screw 336 is movably mounted on the fixed support 335 and can rotate around the axial direction of the distance adjusting screw 336, and preferably, the end of the distance adjusting screw 336 is further provided with a distance adjusting convex plate for facilitating the rotation of a worker.

A guide sliding part is arranged between the driving plate 337 and the fixing support 335, the driving plate 337 is mounted on the fixing support 335 through the guide sliding part, specifically, the guide sliding part comprises a guide groove arranged on the driving plate 337 and a guide protrusion arranged on the fixing support 335, a sliding guide fit with a guide direction parallel to the axial direction of the distance adjusting screw 336 is formed between the guide groove and the guide protrusion, the driving plate 337 is further mounted outside the distance adjusting screw 336 through a nut, and the distance adjusting screw 336 rotates around the self axial direction and pulls the driving plate 337 to displace along the guide direction of the guide sliding part through the nut.

The side of the driving plate 337 facing the movable bracket 333 is provided with a driving pin 338, and the free end of the driving pin 338 is located in the guiding area of the movable bracket 333 and forms a sliding guiding fit therebetween.

The operation of the driving mechanism 330 is represented as follows: the connecting shaft a1311 rotates and pulls the drum 311 to rotate around the self axial direction through a power transmission piece;

the connecting shaft b1312 rotates and pulls the mounting shaft 334 to rotate around the self axial direction through the second power transmission piece 331, the mounting shaft 334 rotates and pulls the fixed support 335/the distance-adjusting screw 336/the driving plate 337/the driving pin 338 to rotate synchronously, the movable support 333 is displaced along the axial direction of the sowing rotating shaft 312 through the matching between the driving pin 338 and the guide area of the movable support 333, the movable support 333 moves and pulls the sowing rotating shaft 312 to move synchronously, and besides, the lifting mechanism 130 drives the mounting frame body 120 to ascend/descend and the driving mechanism 330 drives the sowing rotating shaft 312 to ascend/descend synchronously;

in addition, the worker can select a proper depth of the pot hole according to the actual situation of the seed to be sowed, and the worker can adjust the distance between the cylindrical pin 338 and the mounting shaft 334 by rotating the distance adjusting screw 336, so as to adjust the maximum displacement of the driving mechanism 330 for driving the sowing rotating shaft 312 to ascend/descend.

The seed feeding device 200 is located right above the sowing rotating shaft 312, and the seed feeding device 200 includes a feeding funnel 210 for storing seeds to be sown and a quantitative feeding mechanism 220 for sequentially and quantitatively feeding the seeds in the feeding funnel 210 to the sowing rotating shaft 312.

The feeding funnel 210 is a circular funnel-shaped structure and the feeding funnel 210 is vertically fixed on the mounting frame body 120, and the bottom end of the feeding funnel 210 is coaxially and fixedly connected and communicated with a feeding pipeline.

The quantitative discharging mechanism 220 is coaxially located right below the feeding pipeline, the quantitative discharging mechanism 220 comprises a fixed pipeline 221 and a quantitative discharging component, the fixed pipeline 221 is coaxially and fixedly installed at the bottom end of the feeding pipeline and communicated with the feeding pipeline, the top end of the rotary drum 311 is coaxially and movably sleeved inside the bottom end of the fixed pipeline 221, the top end of the rotary drum 311 is not interfered with the fixed pipeline 221, and the top end of the seeding rotary shaft 312 penetrates through the rotary drum 311 and is coaxially located in the fixed pipeline 221.

The quantitative discharging component is coaxially arranged in the fixed pipeline 221 and comprises a discharging pipeline 222, a first blocking rod 223, a second blocking rod 224 and a return spring 225, the discharging pipeline 222 is coaxially and movably arranged in the fixed pipeline 221, a sealed sliding guide fit is formed between the discharging pipeline 222 and the fixed pipeline 221, the top end of the seeding rotating shaft 312 is in contact with the bottom end of the discharging pipeline 222, the seeding rotating shaft and the discharging pipeline 222 are communicated with each other, and a connecting support is arranged in the discharging pipeline 222.

The blocking rod I223 and the discharging pipeline 222 are coaxially arranged, the bottom end of the blocking rod I223 is fixedly connected with a connecting support arranged in the discharging pipeline 222, the top end of the blocking rod I223 penetrates through an upper pipe opening of the discharging pipeline 222, the discharging pipeline is located in the feeding hopper 210, and a blocking block I which can block a connection position between the feeding hopper 210 and the feeding pipeline is arranged at the top end of the blocking rod I223.

The top end face of the seeding rotating shaft 312 is coaxially provided with a discharging groove, a second blocking rod 224 and the discharging pipe 222 are coaxially arranged, the top end of the second blocking rod 224 is fixedly connected with a connecting support arranged in the discharging pipe 222, the bottom end of the second blocking rod 224 penetrates through a lower pipe opening of the discharging pipe 222 and is positioned in the seeding rotating shaft 312 after being arranged in the discharging groove in the top end face of the seeding rotating shaft 312, and the bottom end of the second blocking rod 224 is provided with a second blocking block and the second blocking block can block a pipe cavity of the seeding rotating shaft 312.

The feeding pipe is internally provided with a built-in step, the reset spring 225 is sleeved in the fixed pipe 221, one end of the reset spring 225 is abutted against the built-in step arranged in the feeding pipe, the other end of the reset spring 225 is abutted against the top end of the discharging pipe 222, and the elastic force of the reset spring 225 drives the discharging pipe 222 to do descending motion.

The working process of the seed feeding device 200 is embodied as follows:

in the ascending process of the seeding rotating shaft 312, the seeding rotating shaft 312 ascends and pulls the quantitative discharging component to ascend synchronously, in the process, the blocking block cancels the blocking of the connection part between the feeding funnel 210 and the feeding pipeline gradually for a while, seeds can fall into the seeding rotating shaft 312 through the lower pipe orifice of the feeding pipeline, the upper pipe orifice of the fixed pipeline 221 and the discharging pipeline 222 under the guidance of the inclined inner wall of the feeding funnel 210, and the seeds can stay on the second blocking block as the two blocking blocks block the pipe cavity of the seeding rotating shaft 312;

in the descending process of the sowing rotating shaft 312, the elastic force of the reset spring 225 drives the quantitative discharging component to synchronously descend along with the sowing rotating shaft 312 until the quantitative discharging component returns to the original state, then, the sowing rotating shaft 312 continuously descends and the quantitative discharging mechanism 220 is still, when the second blocking block is positioned in the discharging groove arranged on the end surface of the top end of the sowing rotating shaft 312, a gap for the seeds to slide down is formed between the second blocking block and the wall of the discharging groove, and the seeds can slide into the sowing rotating shaft 312 through the gap and finally fall into the pit dug by the drill 313;

the above process is repeated.

Preferably, when the blocking piece is two to be located the blowing inslot that sets up in seeding pivot 312 top end face, in order to avoid the seed to be supported by two up end contact of blocking piece and unable smooth landing downwards, two blocking pieces along two 224 extending directions of shutoff pole from top to bottom can divide into round platform section, cylinder section, the tip of round platform section is located the main aspects top, fixed connection and diameter between the two are unanimous between cylinder section and the round platform section main aspects, the cylinder section still can carry out the shutoff to the lumen of seeding pivot 312.

Claims

1. The soil covering component applied to the automatic seeding of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits and the like is characterized in that, the soil-filling and seeding device comprises a main frame body (100) and a soil-filling and seeding device (300), wherein the main frame body (100) comprises a fixing frame body (110), an installation frame body (120) and a lifting mechanism (130), the fixing frame body (110) is fixedly installed on a tractor and other advancing equipment, a guide assembly is arranged between the installation frame body (120) and the fixing frame body (110) and is installed and connected with the installation frame body through the guide assembly, the guide assembly comprises a slide rail a (111) arranged on the fixing frame body (110) and a slide rail b (121) arranged on the installation frame body (120), and a sliding guide fit with the guide direction vertical to the ground is formed between the slide rail a (111) and the slide rail b (121, the lifting mechanism (130) is used for driving the mounting frame body (120) to displace along the guide direction of the guide assembly;

2. The soil covering assembly for the automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits according to claim 1, wherein the lifting mechanism (130) comprises a power connection member (1310) and a lifting member (1320), the power connection member (1310) is used for the power connection between the lifting member (1320) and a power source of a traveling device such as a tractor, and the lifting member (1320) is used for driving the mounting frame body (120) to displace along the guiding direction of the guiding assembly;

3. The soil covering assembly applied to automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits according to claim 2, wherein the lifting member (1320) comprises a guide assembly and a driving shaft (1323), the axial direction of the driving shaft (1323) is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft b (1312), the driving shaft (1323) is movably mounted on the mounting frame body (120) and can rotate around the self axial direction, a second power connecting piece is arranged between the driving shaft (1323) and the connecting shaft b (1312) and is in power connection transmission through the second power connecting piece, the second power connecting piece is of a belt transmission structure, and the second power connecting piece is provided with two groups and is respectively positioned at one end of the connecting shaft b (1312) along the self axial direction;

4. The covering assembly applied to the automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits according to claim 2, wherein the sowing mechanism (310) comprises a rotary drum (311), a sowing rotating shaft (312) and a drill bit (313), the rotary drum (311) is of a vertically arranged circular cylinder structure with two open ends, and the rotary drum (311) is movably mounted on the main frame body (100) and can rotate around the axial direction of the rotary drum;

5. The soil covering assembly applied to the automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits according to claim 4, wherein the connecting assembly comprises a first internal spline arranged on the inner wall of the rotary drum (311) and a first external spline arranged outside the top end of the sowing rotary shaft (312);

6. The soil covering assembly for the automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits as claimed in claim 4, wherein the soil filling mechanism (320) comprises a soil filling member for filling soil around the pot hole into the pot hole, and a reversing member for receiving power generated by the rotation of the sowing rotating shaft (312) and transmitting the power to the soil filling member for the rotation around the self-axis direction, and the direction of the soil filling member is opposite to the direction of the sowing rotating shaft (312);

7. The soil covering assembly applied to the automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits according to claim 6, wherein the soil covering assembly comprises a connecting rod a (324), a connecting rod b (325) and a soil covering plate (326), the connecting rod b (325) can be divided into three parts, which are respectively a connecting section I/II/III from top to bottom, the connecting section I is obliquely arranged, the distance between the connecting section I and the soil covering rotating shaft (321) decreases from top to bottom, the bottom end of the connecting section I is hinged to the hinge protrusion A, a hinge shaft formed at the hinge joint between the bottom end of the connecting section I and the hinge protrusion A is axially parallel to the ground, the connecting section II is obliquely arranged, the distance between the connecting section II and the soil covering rotating shaft (321) increases from top to bottom, and the top end of the connecting section II is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting section I, the connecting section III is obliquely arranged, the distance between the connecting section III and the soil filling rotating shaft (321) is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the top end of the connecting section III is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the connecting section II, the soil filling plate (326) is obliquely fixed at the bottom end of the connecting section III, and the distance between the soil filling plate (326) and the soil filling rotating shaft (321) is gradually increased from top to bottom;

8. The covering assembly applied to the automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits according to claim 7, wherein the reversing member is installed in the fixed shell and comprises a housing, a reversing input bevel gear (327), a reversing output bevel gear (328) and a reversing transmission bevel gear (329), the housing is located in a circular shell structure coaxially arranged on the fixed shell, a sliding assembly is arranged between the outer part of the housing and the inner wall of the fixed shell and connected with the outer part of the housing through the sliding assembly, the sliding assembly comprises a sliding protrusion arranged on the outer part of the housing and a sliding groove arranged on the inner wall of the fixed shell, and the sliding protrusion and the sliding groove form sliding guide fit with the guide direction perpendicular to the ground;

9. The covering assembly applied to the automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits according to claim 4, wherein the driving mechanism (330) comprises a first power transmission member, the first power transmission member is arranged between the connecting shaft a (1311) and the rotating drum (311) and used for power connection and transmission between the connecting shaft a and the rotating drum, and the first power transmission member is a bevel gear power transmission structure;

10. The soil covering assembly applied to the automatic sowing of crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits according to claim 9, wherein the driving members are provided with two sets and respectively located at one side of the movable support (333) along the axial direction of the connecting shaft b (1312), each driving member comprises a mounting shaft (334), a fixed support (335), a distance adjusting screw rod (336) and a driving plate (337), the axial direction of the mounting shaft (334) is parallel to the axial direction of the connecting shaft b (1312), the mounting shaft (334) is movably mounted on the mounting frame body (120) and can rotate around the axial direction of the mounting frame, a power transmission member II (331) is arranged between the mounting shaft (334) and the connecting shaft b (1312), power connection transmission is performed between the mounting shaft (334) and the connecting shaft b (1312) through the power transmission member II (331), and the power transmission member II (331) is of a belt;