CN110972417A - Wave-transparent shell assembly, preparation method thereof, antenna assembly and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Wave-transparent shell assembly, preparation method thereof, antenna assembly and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110972417A
CN110972417A CN201911352430.9A CN201911352430A CN110972417A CN 110972417 A CN110972417 A CN 110972417A CN 201911352430 A CN201911352430 A CN 201911352430A CN 110972417 A CN110972417 A CN 110972417A
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China
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wave
transparent
target
phase change
units
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CN201911352430.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110972417B (en
Inventor
贾玉虎
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/0086—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus portable, e.g. battery operated apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/02—Details
    • H05K5/0247—Electrical details of casings, e.g. terminals, passages for cables or wiring

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a wave-transparent shell assembly, a preparation method of the wave-transparent shell assembly, an antenna assembly and electronic equipment. Wave-transparent shell subassembly is used for seeing through the radio frequency signal of predetermineeing the frequency channel, includes: a housing; and the first wave-transmitting structure is arranged on the shell and used for forming resonance with the radio-frequency signal, the first wave-transmitting structure comprises at least one wave-transmitting group, the wave-transmitting group comprises a plurality of wave-transmitting units arranged along the first direction, and the sizes of the wave-transmitting units in the wave-transmitting group in the first direction are sequentially increased or sequentially reduced. The application provides a wave-transparent shell component, a preparation method thereof, an antenna component and electronic equipment, which can improve the scanning angle of the electronic equipment for receiving and sending electromagnetic wave signals and improve the efficiency of the electronic equipment for receiving and sending electromagnetic wave signals.

Description

Wave-transparent shell assembly, preparation method thereof, antenna assembly and electronic equipment
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a wave-transparent shell assembly, a manufacturing method of the wave-transparent shell assembly, an antenna assembly and electronic equipment.
Background
With the development of mobile communication technology, people have higher and higher requirements for communication quality, but high-frequency electromagnetic wave signals are blocked or lost when applied to electronic equipment, and the scanning angle of the electromagnetic wave signals is reduced, so that the efficiency of the electronic equipment for receiving and transmitting the electromagnetic wave signals is reduced. Therefore, how to increase the scanning angle for the electronic device to transmit and receive the electromagnetic wave signal and increase the efficiency for the electronic device to transmit and receive the electromagnetic wave signal becomes a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a wave-transparent shell component, a preparation method thereof, an antenna component and electronic equipment, wherein the scanning angle of the electronic equipment for receiving and sending electromagnetic wave signals is improved, and the efficiency of the electronic equipment for receiving and sending electromagnetic wave signals is improved.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a wave-transparent housing assembly, the wave-transparent housing assembly is used for passing through a radio frequency signal of a preset frequency band, and includes:
a housing; and
the first wave-transmitting structure is arranged on the shell and used for forming resonance with radio-frequency signals, the first wave-transmitting structure comprises at least one wave-transmitting group, the wave-transmitting group comprises a plurality of wave-transmitting units arranged along a first direction, and the sizes of the wave-transmitting units in the wave-transmitting group in the first direction are sequentially increased or sequentially reduced.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an antenna assembly, including an antenna module and a wave-transparent housing assembly, where the antenna module is configured to receive and transmit a radio frequency signal in a predetermined frequency band, and a radiation surface of the antenna module is disposed opposite to a wave-transparent structure on the wave-transparent housing assembly.
In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, including an antenna assembly, where the housing is a battery cover, a middle frame, or a display screen of the electronic device.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a wave-transparent housing assembly, where the wave-transparent housing assembly is used for transmitting a radio frequency signal in a preset frequency band, and the method includes:
molding a shell;
at least one patterned conductive patch layer is formed on the shell to form a wave-transparent structure, and the wave-transparent structure is used for forming resonance with the radio-frequency signal so as to be distributed in a gradient manner by penetrating the radio-frequency signal and the phase change amount of the radio-frequency signal.
The wave-transparent units with sequentially reduced (or sequentially increased) sizes in the first direction are arranged, so that phase change amounts of radio-frequency signals of the wave-transparent units in the wave-transparent group in the first direction are sequentially increased (or sequentially decreased), a phase gradient interface is formed on the first wave-transparent structure, the phase of the radio-frequency signals after passing through the phase gradient interface is subjected to gradient change, the emergent angle of the radio-frequency signals on the phase gradient interface is larger than the incident angle, and therefore the wave-transparent shell assembly can increase the scanning angle of the radio-frequency signals and improve the communication data transmission rate and transmission efficiency of electronic equipment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application along an X-axis direction;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a partial schematic structural diagram of a housing assembly and an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a wave-transparent structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a wave-transparent unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave-transparent unit provided in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for making a housing assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 11 is a schematic flow chart of another method for manufacturing a housing assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. The embodiments listed in the present application may be appropriately combined with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device 200 may be a phone, a television, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, a camera, a personal computer, a notebook computer, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a base station, or other devices capable of transceiving electromagnetic wave signals. Taking the electronic device 200 as a mobile phone as an example, for convenience of description, the electronic device 200 is defined with reference to the first viewing angle, the width direction of the electronic device 200 is defined as the X direction, the length direction of the electronic device 200 is defined as the Y direction, and the thickness direction of the electronic device 200 is defined as the Z direction. The direction indicated by the arrow is the forward direction.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the electronic device 200 includes the antenna assembly 100. The antenna assembly 100 is used for transceiving radio frequency signals to realize the communication function of the electronic device 200. The antenna assembly 100 includes a wave-transparent housing assembly 10 and an antenna module 20.
The antenna module 20 is configured to receive and transmit radio frequency signals in a predetermined frequency band. The preset frequency band at least comprises a millimeter wave frequency band, a submillimeter wave frequency band, a terahertz wave frequency band and the like. In this embodiment, the preset frequency band is taken as a millimeter wave frequency band for example to explain, and details are not repeated in the following. Accordingly, the antenna module 20 is a millimeter wave antenna module 20, and will not be described in detail later.
Referring to fig. 4, the antenna module 20 at least includes a chip 201 for transceiving millimeter wave signals, a radiator array 202, and a feeding portion 203 electrically connected to the chip 201. The chip 201 is provided on a main board 211 of the electronic device 200. The radiator array 202 includes a plurality of patch radiators 204 arranged in an array, and the example of the embodiment uses 1 row by 4 columns of patch radiators 204 as an example, which will not be described in detail later. The feeding portion 203 is directly electrically connected or capacitively coupled to the radiator array 202, so as to feed the millimeter wave signal emitted by the chip 201 into the radiator array 202, and the millimeter wave signal is radiated out of the electronic device 200 through the radiator array 202.
Generally, in the process of transmitting millimeter wave signals, the millimeter wave signals directly encounter plastic or glass battery covers, middle frames, display screens and other media, which can reduce the radiation efficiency of the millimeter wave signals.
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a wave-transparent housing assembly 10 capable of improving the radiation efficiency of millimeter-wave signals. The wave-transparent shell assembly 10 includes a shell 1 and a wave-transparent structure 2 disposed on the shell 1. Referring collectively to fig. 2, the housing 1 includes, but is not limited to, at least one of a battery cover 212, a bezel 213, or a display screen 214 of the electronic device 200. In this embodiment, the material of the housing 1 is a non-conductive material, which includes but is not limited to glass, ceramic, plastic, etc.
The wave-transparent structure 2 can directly transmit the radio frequency signal transmitted and received by the antenna module 20, or form an electrical resonance with the radio frequency signal transmitted and received by the antenna module 20, so as to transmit the radio frequency signal transmitted and received by the antenna module 20, thereby preventing the efficiency of transmitting and receiving the radio frequency signal from being reduced due to the blocking of the housing 1 by the antenna module 20 disposed in the electronic device 200.
The wave-transparent structure 2 includes, but is not limited to, an electromagnetic wave lens or a resonant structure capable of forming a resonant circuit, etc.
It is understood that the surface of the radiator array 202 that transmits or receives rf signals forms the radiating surface of the antenna module 20.
Referring to fig. 3, the radiation surface of the antenna module 20 is disposed opposite to the wave-transparent structure 2 on the wave-transparent housing assembly 10, so that the radio frequency signal of the antenna module 20 can be transmitted more efficiently.
Referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment specifically illustrates an example in which 1 row by 4 columns of patch radiators 204 in the radiator array 202 are arranged along the X-axis direction.
Referring to fig. 6, the wave-transparent structure 2 includes a first wave-transparent structure 21 and a second wave-transparent structure 22. Referring to fig. 4, the arrangement direction of the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 is the same as the arrangement direction of the patch radiator 204. In other embodiments, the arrangement direction of the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 may also be perpendicular to or intersect with the arrangement direction of the patch radiator 204. It can be understood that the wave-transparent region formed by the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 completely covers the region where the patch radiator 204 is located, so that the radio frequency signal radiated by the patch radiator 204 can be efficiently transmitted through the wave-transparent region formed by the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22.
Alternatively, the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to the boundary line L therebetween (along the Y-axis). Wherein a boundary line L between the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 may correspond to a central line position of the radiator array 202. The first wave-transparent structure 21 is used for transmitting radio frequency signals and transmitting the radio frequency signals at an incident angle theta greater than the incident angle thetai1Angle of departure thetat1And the second wave-transparent structure 22 is also used for passing the radio frequency signal and transmitting the radio frequency signal at an incidence angle theta larger than the incidence angle thetai2Angle of departure thetat2For example, the first wave-transmitting structure 21 can radiate a radio frequency signal with an incident angle of 45 ° at an exit angle of 60 °, and similarly, the second wave-transmitting structure 22 can radiate a radio frequency signal with an incident angle of 45 ° at an exit angle of 60 °, so that the wave-transmitting structure 2 can radiate a radio frequency signal with a scanning angle of 90 ° before the wave-transmitting structure 2 at a scanning angle of 120 ° in the X-Z plane, so as to increase the scanning angle of the radio frequency signal, and when the radio frequency signal is a millimeter wave signal, the spatial coverage of a millimeter wave signal radiation beam (see an elliptic broken line in fig. 6) can be increased, and the communication quality of the electronic device 200 can be improved.
In the above embodiment, the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 have the same structure but different arrangement directions. In other embodiments, the structures of the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 may be different, as long as the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 can increase the emergence angle of the radio frequency signal. In the present embodiment, the second wave-transparent structure 22 and the first wave-transparent structure 21 are referred to as mirror images for illustration, and the details are not described later.
The following embodiments of the present application mainly illustrate specific structures of the first wave-transparent structure 21, and those skilled in the art will understand specific structures of the second wave-transparent structure 22 based on a mirror symmetry relationship between the second wave-transparent structure 22 and the first wave-transparent structure 21.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the first wave-transparent structure 21 includes at least one wave-transparent group 24. The wave-transparent group 24 includes a plurality of wave-transparent units 25 arranged in the first direction. The length dimensions of the plurality of wave-transmitting units 25 are sequentially reduced (or sequentially increased). The length dimension of the wave-transparent unit 25 is defined as the length dimension of the wave-transparent unit 25, and is not described in detail later.
According to the relationship between the size of the wave-transparent unit 25 and the phase change amount of the wave-transparent unit 25 for the radio frequency signal, the wave-transparent units 25 in the wave-transparent group 24 sequentially increase (or sequentially decrease) the phase change amount of the radio frequency signal in the first direction, so that a phase gradient interface is formed on the first wave-transparent structure 21, after the radio frequency signal passes through the phase gradient interface, the phase of the radio frequency signal is subjected to gradient change, and according to a generalized transmission law, the exit angle of the radio frequency signal on the phase gradient interface is larger than the incident angle, so that the wave-transparent housing assembly 10 can increase the scanning angle of the radio frequency signal. In the present embodiment, the length dimensions of the multiple wave-transparent units 25 in the wave-transparent group 24 are sequentially reduced for an example, and the details are not described later.
The first wave-transparent structure 21 is configured to form an electrical resonance with the rf signal, so that the rf signal can be emitted out of the electronic device 200 through the wave-transparent housing assembly 10.
By arranging a plurality of wave-transmitting units 25 with sequentially decreasing (or sequentially increasing) length sizes, the wave-transmitting units 25 in the wave-transmitting group 24 sequentially increase (or sequentially decrease) the phase change amount of the radio-frequency signal in the first direction, so that a phase gradient interface is formed on the first wave-transmitting structure 21, and after the radio-frequency signal passes through the phase gradient interface, the phase of the radio-frequency signal is subjected to gradient change, so that the exit angle of the radio-frequency signal on the phase gradient interface is greater than the incident angle, so that the wave-transmitting housing assembly 10 can increase the scanning angle of the radio-frequency signal, and the communication data transmission rate and the transmission efficiency of the electronic device 200 are improved.
Further, referring to fig. 7, the dimension of the plurality of wave-transparent units 25 in the second direction changes with the change of the length dimension of the plurality of wave-transparent units 25. The second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction on the plane on which the wave-transparent unit 25 is disposed. Specifically, the second direction is the Y-axis forward direction. The size of the second direction of the wave-transparent unit 25 is defined as the width of the wave-transparent unit 25, and is not described in detail later.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, the length and width dimensions of the wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 are sequentially decreased or sequentially increased.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 7, the shape of the wave-transparent unit 25 may be an axisymmetric pattern, wherein the symmetry axes may be a Y axis and an X axis. The shape of the wave-transparent unit 25 is, for example, square, circular, square ring, polygonal, or the like.
Alternatively, the shapes of the adjacent wave-transparent units 25 may be the same or different.
Further, the first direction and the second direction respectively correspond to two polarization directions of the radio frequency signal, and the wave-transparent housing assembly 10 provided by the present embodiment can effectively act on signals of two polarization directions of the dual-polarized antenna.
The sizes of the wave-transmitting units 25 in the two polarization directions of the radio-frequency signals are gradually reduced by design, so that the wave-transmitting units 25 have a gradient change effect on the phases of the radio-frequency signals in the two polarization directions of the radio-frequency signals, and further generate a gradient change effect on the phases of the radio-frequency signals radiated by the dual-polarized antenna, so that the emergence angle of the radio-frequency signals of the dual-polarized antenna, which are emitted out of the wave-transmitting shell assembly 10, is increased, the scanning angle range of the radio-frequency signals radiated out of the electronic device 200 is increased, and the communication data transmission rate and the transmission efficiency of the electronic device 200 are improved.
Further, referring to fig. 7, the number of the wave-transparent groups 24 is plural, and the plurality of wave-transparent groups 24 are arranged along the first direction. In the present embodiment, the first direction is taken as the X-axis forward direction as an example.
Further, referring to fig. 7, the wave-transparent unit 25 of the wave-transparent group 24 has a gradient change with respect to the phase change of the rf signal. The phase change amount of each wave-transparent group 24 for the radio frequency signal is 2 pi.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, the length of the wave-transparent units 25 of one wave-transparent group 24 decreases sequentially, and the phase change amount of the wave-transparent units 25 of the wave-transparent group 24 with respect to the rf signal increases sequentially.
Optionally, the number of the wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 is greater than or equal to 3, and the specific number of the wave-transparent units 25 in the wave-transparent group 24 is not limited in this embodiment.
Specifically, the difference between the phase change amounts of two adjacent wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 is equal. Further, the distance between the center positions of two adjacent wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 is equal.
Referring to fig. 7, the number of the wave-transparent units 25 in the wave-transparent group 24 is illustrated as 4 in the present embodiment. The phase change amount between two adjacent wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 is 90 °. In other words, the four wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 have phase changes of 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° (along the X-axis forward direction), respectively. The distances between the center positions of the four wave-transmitting units 25 in one wave-transmitting group 24 are also equal, for example, all are 90 um. Thus, the phase gradient formed by the wave-transparent group 24 is 1 °/um. It is assumed that the phase gradient can radiate a radio frequency signal having an incident angle of 45 ° out of the wave-transparent housing assembly 10 at an exit angle of 60 °.
In other embodiments, the difference between the phase change amounts of the two adjacent wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 may not be equal, and accordingly, the distance between the center positions of the two adjacent wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 is also not equal. For example, the four wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 have phase changes of 0 °, 90 °, 150 °, and 270 °, respectively. The distances between the center positions of the four wave-transparent units 25 in one wave-transparent group 24 are 90um, 60um, 120um and 90um respectively. Thus, the phase gradient formed by the wave-transparent group 24 is still 1 °/um, so as to radiate the rf signal with the incident angle of 45 ° out of the wave-transparent housing assembly 10 at the exit angle of 60 °.
Referring to fig. 7, the structure of each transparent wave group 24 may be the same. When the number of the wave-transparent groups 24 is plural, the difference between the phase change amounts of the adjacent two wave-transparent units 25 in each wave-transparent group 24 is equal. Each wave-transparent group 24 forms a phase gradient of equal magnitude such that the first wave-transparent structure 21 forms a continuous phase gradient interface. Further, the second wave-transparent structure 22 and the first wave-transparent structure 21 can form a symmetrical phase gradient interface, wherein the phase gradient value of the phase gradient interface formed by the second wave-transparent structure 22 is the same as the phase gradient value of the phase gradient interface formed by the first wave-transparent structure 21, and the gradient direction is opposite, so that the radio frequency signal radiated by the antenna module 20 is emitted through the phase gradient interface formed by the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the phase gradient interface formed by the second wave-transparent structure 22.
In other embodiments, the structure of each transparent wave group 24 may be different.
Optionally, the number, size, arrangement and structure of the wave-transparent units 25 in each wave-transparent group 24 are the same. The length and width dimensions of the wave-transparent units 25 of the wave-transparent groups 24 are periodically changed. In other words, for two adjacent wave-transmitting groups 24, the wave-transmitting units 25 of the previous wave-transmitting group 24 are arranged from large to small along the first direction, and the wave-transmitting units 25 of the next wave-transmitting group 24 are also arranged from large to small along the first direction, which are repeated to form the periodically arranged wave-transmitting units 25.
In other embodiments, the number, size, or configuration of the wave-transparent units 25 in different wave-transparent groups 24 may be different. For example, for two adjacent transparent wave groups 24, the number of the transparent wave units 25 of the previous transparent wave group 24 may be 3, where the phase change amount of the 3 transparent wave units 25 for the radio frequency signal emitted by the antenna module 20 is 2 pi, and optionally, the phase change amounts of the 3 transparent wave units 25 for the radio frequency signal emitted by the antenna module 20 are 0 °, 120 °, and 240 ° (along the X-axis forward direction), respectively; the number of the wave-transparent units 25 of the latter wave-transparent group 24 is 4, and optionally, the phase change amounts of the 4 wave-transparent units 25 for the radio frequency signals emitted by the antenna module 20 are 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, respectively. For example, for two adjacent wave-transparent groups 24, the wave-transparent units 25 of the previous wave-transparent group 24 are all circular in shape, and the wave-transparent units 25 of the next wave-transparent group 24 are all square in shape.
Further, referring to fig. 7, at least two wave-transparent groups 24 are arranged in a row 26 along the X-axis direction. The first wave-transparent structure 21 includes a plurality of rows 26 of wave-transparent lines arranged along the second direction (Y-axis direction), and thus the first wave-transparent structure 21 includes a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns of wave-transparent cells 25. The length and width dimensions of the wave-transparent units 25 in each column are the same, and the length and width dimensions of the wave-transparent units 25 in different columns are different.
The length, width and thickness of the wave-transparent unit 25 are all smaller than the wavelength of the rf signal, so that the wave-transparent structure 2 forms a sub-wavelength structure. The wave-transmitting structure 2 has sub-wavelength thickness, so that the volume and the weight of the wave-transmitting structure 2 are extremely small, and the miniaturization of a device is facilitated; the wave-transparent structure 2 is made to have certain flexibility, so that the wave-transparent structure is formed on the curved surface, and when the wave-transparent structure 2 is formed on the curved surface of the 3D battery cover 212, the wave-transparent structure 2 can effectively utilize the curved surface space on the 3D battery cover 212, so that the space of the electronic device 200 is saved.
The following embodiments exemplify specific structures of the wave-transparent structure 2, and it is needless to say that specific structures of the wave-transparent structure 2 include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.
In a first embodiment, referring to fig. 8, the wave-transparent structure 2 includes a plurality of conductive patch units 27 disposed at intervals. The plurality of conductive patch elements 27 may be arranged in a plurality of rows and columns. One conductive patch element 27 forms one wave-transparent element 25. The conductive patch unit 27 includes at least two layers of conductive patches 271 stacked and an insulating dielectric patch 272 disposed between two adjacent layers of conductive patches 271. It is understood that the stacking direction of the conductive patches 271 is the Z-axis direction. The number of layers of the conductive patch 271 is not specifically limited in the present application.
Alternatively, the number of layers of the conductive patches 271 in the conductive patch unit 27 is not particularly limited. The conductive patch 27 is made of a conductive material, such as a metal material, a conductive oxide material, a conductive carbon nano material, and the like. The wave-transparent structure 2 may be a transparent material or a non-transparent material.
The conductive patch 271 can be formed on the surface of the housing 1 by means of pasting, coating, printing, spraying, etc.
The insulating dielectric patches 272 may be made of, but not limited to, plastic, inorganic material, organic material, etc. for insulating between adjacent conductive patches 271.
The conductive patches 271 of the plurality of conductive patch units 27 are equivalent to resonant inductors, the adjacent conductive patches 271 are equivalent to resonant capacitors, and the plurality of conductive patch units 27 form a resonant circuit. Through the size of the design conductive patch 271 and the interval between adjacent conductive patches 271, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit is adjusted to match with the center frequency of the radio frequency signal, and further the radio frequency signal forms electric resonance, so that the radio frequency signal can penetrate through the wave-transparent shell assembly 10 and change the phase of the radio frequency signal.
With reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, the length dimensions of the plurality of conductive patch elements 27 of the first wave-transparent structure 21 may be periodically reduced, and the width dimensions of the plurality of conductive patch elements 27 of the first wave-transparent structure 21 may be the same. The length dimensions of the plurality of conductive patch elements 27 of the second wave-transparent structure 22 may be periodically increased. The width dimensions of the plurality of conductive patch elements 27 of the second wave-transparent structure 22 may be the same. The center position of the antenna module 20 corresponds to the boundary position between the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22. The area occupied by the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 completely covers the area occupied by the antenna module 20. The radio frequency signal radiated by the antenna module 20 is incident to the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 at a certain scanning angle, and is emitted at an exit scanning angle larger than the incident scanning angle after passing through the action of the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22, so that the beam scanning range radiated by the electronic device 200 is further increased.
In a second embodiment, referring to fig. 9, the wave-transparent structure 2 includes one or more conductive layers 281 disposed in an insulating manner and a plurality of through holes 282 penetrating the conductive layers 281. A wave-transparent element 25 is formed through the one or more conductive layers 281 by a through-hole 282. It is understood that the lamination direction of the conductive layer 281 is the Z-axis direction. The number of conductive layers 281 is not particularly limited in the present application.
Specifically, the wave-transparent structure 2 in the present embodiment and the wave-transparent structure 2 in the previous embodiment may be complementary structures. Specifically, the through hole 282 in the present embodiment corresponds to the wave-transmitting unit 25 of the wave-transmitting structure 2 in the previous embodiment, and the conductive layer 281 in the present embodiment is a gap between the wave-transmitting units 25 of the wave-transmitting structure 2 in the previous embodiment.
In other words, the wave-transparent structure 2 in the present embodiment may be equivalent to a resonant structure, in which the through holes 282 may be equivalent to a resonant capacitor, and the conductive portion between the adjacent through holes 282 may be equivalent to a resonant inductor.
The shape of the through hole 282 can be referred to the above detailed description of the wave-transparent unit 25, and is not described herein again.
The specific position of the wave-transparent structure 2 is not specifically limited in the present application. Optionally, referring to fig. 3, the housing 1 has an inner surface 11 or an outer surface 12 disposed opposite to each other. Wherein the inner surface 11 faces the interior of the electronic device 200, e.g. a motherboard. The outer surface 12 faces the exterior of the electronic device 200. The wave-transparent structure 2 is arranged on the inner surface 11 of the shell 1; alternatively, the wave-transparent structure 2 is arranged on the outer surface 12 of the shell 1; alternatively, the wave-transparent structure 2 is embedded between the inner surface 11 and the outer surface 12 of the housing 1. The mode of the wave-transmitting structure 2 provided on the housing 1 includes, but is not limited to, adhesion, engagement, coating, printing, and the like.
The electronic device 200 provided by the embodiment of the present application, by providing the first wave-transparent structure 21 and the second wave-transparent structure 22 that are mirror-symmetrical on the housing 1, by providing a plurality of wave-transparent units 25 with sequentially decreasing (or sequentially increasing) length and width dimensions on the first wave-transparent structure 21, such that the phase change amounts of the wave-transparent units 25 in the wave-transparent group 24 for the radio frequency signals in the first direction and the second direction sequentially increase (or sequentially decrease), the second wave-transparent structure 22 is similarly arranged, so that a phase gradient interface is formed on the first wave-transmitting structure 21 and the second wave-transmitting structure 22, the phase of the radio-frequency signal after passing through the phase gradient interface is changed in a gradient manner, so that the outgoing scanning angle of the radio frequency signal on the phase gradient interface is larger than the incoming scanning angle, thus, the wave-transparent housing assembly 10 can increase the scanning angle of the radio frequency signal, and increase the beam scanning range of the electronic device 200.
From another perspective, a super-surface structure is formed by integrating a conductive sub-wavelength structure (the conductive sub-wavelength structure is the wave-transparent unit 25) arranged periodically or non-periodically on the housing 1. When the frequency band of the radio frequency signal is the millimeter wave frequency band, the conductive sub-wavelength structure supports the resonance of the millimeter wave frequency band, so that the characteristics (intensity, phase and the like) of the millimeter wave can be greatly regulated, the resonance intensity and the phase in the plane of the conductive sub-wavelength structure can be regulated by designing different sizes and arrangement modes of the wave-transparent units 25, phase mutation is realized on the sub-wavelength thickness, and a phase gradient interface is formed, so that the propagation of the millimeter wave is controlled, and the transmission angle of the millimeter wave signal in the conductive sub-wavelength structure does not follow the basic transmission law any more, but follows the generalized transmission law (see the subsequent detailed description). Therefore, the radiation pattern of the millimeter wave antenna module 20 can be regulated and controlled, and the scanning range of the millimeter wave antenna module 20 is expanded.
Referring to fig. 10 in combination with fig. 1 to 9, an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a wave-transparent housing assembly. The wave-transparent housing assembly 10 applied to any one of the above embodiments. The wave-transparent housing assembly 10 is used for transmitting radio frequency signals of a predetermined frequency band. The wave-transparent housing assembly 10 is applied to the electronic device 200, and the electronic device 200 is exemplified as a mobile phone in the embodiment. The method comprises the following steps, and it is understood that the method provided in the embodiments of the present application does not limit the order of the steps.
110: referring to fig. 2 in combination, the housing 1 is formed, and the housing 1 may be a battery cover 212, a middle frame 213 or a display screen 214 of the electronic device 200. The present embodiment is described by taking the case 1 as the battery cover 212 as an example. The material of the housing 1 includes, but is not limited to, plastic, glass, and ceramic. The shell 1 is prepared by adopting different processes for the shells 1 made of different materials, and the details are not repeated herein.
120: with reference to fig. 8 and 9, at least one patterned conductive patch layer is formed on the housing 1, where the patterned conductive patch layer may be a conductive patch 271 in fig. 8 or a conductive layer 281 in fig. 9. To form the wave-transparent structure 2. The wave-transparent structure 2 is used for forming electrical resonance with the radio frequency signal so as to transmit the radio frequency signal and have gradient distribution to the phase change amount of the radio frequency signal.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3 in combination, the housing 1 includes an inner surface 11 and an outer surface 12 disposed opposite each other. At least one patterned conductive patch layer may be provided on the inner surface 11, the outer surface 12 or between the inner surface 11 and the outer surface 12 of the housing 1.
The method of forming at least one patterned conductive patch layer on the housing 1 includes, but is not limited to, pasting, coating, printing, and spraying, and the conductive patch layer includes, but is not limited to, a metal material, a conductive oxide material, a conductive carbon nanomaterial, and the like.
In one embodiment, the number of conductive patch layers is one, and one conductive patch layer is provided with a plurality of rows and columns of through holes 282. A through hole 282 forms a wave-transparent unit 25.
Referring to fig. 7 in combination, the patterned conductive patch layer includes a first wave-transparent structure 21 and a second wave-transparent structure 22 that are mirror-symmetric about the Y-axis, wherein sizes of the through holes 282 of the first wave-transparent structure 21 in the first direction and the second direction vary periodically along the first direction (the size of the through holes 282 in each period gradually decreases), and sizes of the through holes 282 of the first wave-transparent structure 21 in the first direction and the second direction do not vary along the second direction.
The conductive patch layer may be equivalent to a resonant circuit, the through holes 282 may be equivalent to a resonant capacitance of the resonant circuit, and the conductive patch layer between the through holes 282 may be equivalent to a resonant inductance of the resonant circuit. The rf signal interacts with the resonant circuit to transmit through the wave-transparent housing assembly 10. The sizes of the through holes 282 in the first direction and the second direction are periodically changed along the first direction, so that the wave-transparent housing assembly 10 is distributed in a gradient manner with respect to the phase change amount of the radio frequency signal in the first direction, so that the wave-transparent housing assembly 10 increases the exit angle of the radio frequency signal, and increases the scanning range of the radio frequency signal emitted by the electronic device 200.
The shape and arrangement of the through holes 282 can refer to the shape and arrangement of the through holes 282 of the wave-transparent unit 25 in the wave-transparent casing assembly 10, and will not be described in detail herein.
In another embodiment, the number of conductive patch layers is multiple, and the multiple conductive patch layers may be separated by insulating medium layers. For example, referring to fig. 7 and 8 in combination, one conductive patch layer is a plurality of conductive patches 271 disposed on the same layer. The multilayer conductive patch layer may include wave-transparent units 25 arranged in a plurality of rows and columns. The multiple layers of conductive patch layers form a first wave-transparent structure 21 and a second wave-transparent structure 22 that are mirror symmetric about the Y-axis. Wherein, the length and width dimensions of the plurality of wave-transparent units 25 arranged along the X-axis direction of the first wave-transparent structure 21 are periodically changed; the length and width dimensions of the wave-transparent units 25 arranged in the second direction in the first wave-transparent structure 21 are constant. As another example, referring to fig. 7 and 9 in combination, one conductive patch layer is a conductive layer 281. Through holes 282 arranged in multiple rows and columns are formed in each of the multiple conductive patch layers. The vias 282 of each conductive patch layer correspond. A through hole 282 forms a wave-transparent unit 25. The conductive patch layer comprises a first wave-transmitting structure 21 and a second wave-transmitting structure 22 which are mirror-symmetrical about a Y axis, wherein the sizes of the through holes 282 of the first wave-transmitting structure 21 in the first direction and the second direction are periodically changed along the first direction; the size of the through hole 282 of the first wave-transparent structure 21 in the first direction and the second direction is constant along the second direction.
By forming a patterned conductive patch layer on the housing 1, wherein the conductive patch layer includes a first wave-transparent structure 21 and a second wave-transparent structure 22 that are mirror-symmetrical, the first wave-transparent structure 21 is provided with a plurality of wave-transparent units 25 whose length and width dimensions are sequentially reduced (or sequentially increased), such that the phase change amounts of the wave-transparent units 25 in the wave-transparent group 24 for the radio frequency signals in the first direction and the second direction sequentially increase (or sequentially decrease), the second wave-transparent structure 22 is similarly arranged, so that a phase gradient interface is formed on the first wave-transmitting structure 21 and the second wave-transmitting structure 22, the phase of the radio-frequency signal after passing through the phase gradient interface is changed in a gradient manner, so that the outgoing scanning angle of the radio frequency signal on the phase gradient interface is larger than the incoming scanning angle, thus, the wave-transparent housing assembly 10 can increase the scanning angle of the radio frequency signal, and increase the beam scanning range of the electronic device 200.
Referring to fig. 11, another embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a wave-transparent housing assembly. The wave-transparent housing assembly 10 applied to any one of the above embodiments. The wave-transparent housing assembly 10 is used for transmitting radio frequency signals of a predetermined frequency band. The wave-transparent housing assembly 10 is applied to the electronic device 200, and the electronic device 200 is exemplified as a mobile phone in the embodiment. The method comprises the following steps, and it is understood that the method provided in the embodiments of the present application does not limit the order of the steps.
210: the housing 1 is formed.
The detailed content of this step can refer to step 110, and is not described herein again.
220: and acquiring a target scanning angle of the radio frequency signal. The target scan angle is the scan range angle at which the rf signal is emitted through the wave-transparent housing assembly 10.
Referring to fig. 6, the wave-transparent casing assembly 10 includes a first wave-transparent structure 21 and a second wave-transparent structure 22, which are referred to above and will not be described herein again. The target scanning angle is the maximum emergence angle theta of the radio frequency signal of the antenna module 20 through the first wave-transparent structure 21t1And the maximum exit angle theta emitted through the second wave-transparent structure 22t2And (4) summing.
230: and determining a target exit angle of the radio frequency signal emitted through the wave-transparent shell assembly 10 according to the target scanning angle.
The maximum emergence angle theta of the radio frequency signal emitted through the first wave-transparent structure 21t1And the maximum exit angle theta emitted through the second wave-transparent structure 22t2May be the same. The present embodiment takes the example that the radio frequency signal of the antenna module 20 generates a phase discontinuity in the first wave-transparent structure 21 as an example. Determining the maximum emergence angle of the radio frequency signal emitted through the first wave-transparent structure 21 as a target emergence angle according to the target scanning angle, and recording the target emergence angle as thetat。
240: the phase gradient distribution to be formed on the housing 1 is determined according to the target incident angle of the radio frequency signal incident to the wave-transparent housing assembly 10 and the target exit angle emitted through the wave-transparent housing assembly 10.
Specifically, according to the radiation of the antenna module 20The distance between the emitter array 202 and the wave-transparent structure 2 and the size of the wave-transparent structure 2 determine the incident angle of the beam of the antenna module 20 to the first wave-transparent structure 21, and the incident angle is represented as θi. The three-dimensional size of the wave-transparent structure 2 in this application is a sub-wavelength size, and the wave-transparent structure 2 in this application may also be referred to as a super-surface for transmitting radio frequency signals. Generalized fresnel law (1) that when an electromagnetic wave is incident on a super-surface (wave-transparent structure 2), the super-surface (wave-transparent structure 2) provides a phase jump of linear gradient to the incident electromagnetic wave. The generalized fresnel law is as follows (1):
Figure BDA0002331985230000131
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002331985230000132
is the phase variation between two specific points caused by the wave-transparent structure 2, x is the distance between two specific points on the wave-transparent structure 2, ntAnd niRefractive indices of the outgoing and incoming rays, theta, respectivelytAnd thetaiAngle of emergence and incidence, λ, respectively0Is the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave in vacuum.
Based on the generalized Fresnel law, according to the incident angle thetaiAn exit angle theta emitted through the wave-transparent housing assembly 10tRefractive index n of incident mediumiRefractive index n of the emission mediumtThe phase gradient profile to be formed on the housing 1 can be determined
Figure BDA0002331985230000133
250: according to phase gradient distribution, a wave-transparent structure 2 is formed on the shell 1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
determining a plurality of target positions on the shell 1, and determining target phase change amounts respectively corresponding to the plurality of target positions according to the phase gradient distribution so that the target phase change amounts corresponding to the plurality of target positions are in phase gradient distribution; respectively forming wave-transparent units 25 at the target positions, and enabling the sizes of the wave-transparent units 25 to be matched with target phase change amounts corresponding to the target positions; determining the target sizes of the wave-transparent units 25 arranged at the plurality of target positions according to the mapping relation and the target phase change amount corresponding to the target positions; the target dimension is the dimension in the direction of the change in the phase gradient.
The target positions may be arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns, and the intervals between the target positions may be equal or different.
The wave-transparent units 25 are respectively formed at the target positions, including forming the wave-transparent unit 25 at each target position, or forming the wave-transparent unit 25 at a part of the target positions among a plurality of target positions. In the present embodiment, the distance between the target positions is equal, and the wave-transmitting unit 25 is disposed at each target position. In this embodiment, the target positions are respectively A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H for example, and the description thereof is omitted here. It is assumed that the phase gradient distribution is 1 °/um, the distance between two adjacent target positions is 90um, and the difference between the phase change amounts between two adjacent target positions is 90 °, so that the phase change amounts of the radio frequency signals by the wave-transparent units 25 at the plurality of target positions conform to the phase gradient distribution.
The method includes the following specific steps of forming a wave-transparent unit 25 with corresponding target sizes at a plurality of target positions:
acquiring a mapping relation between the target phase change amount and the target size of the wave-transparent unit 25; and determining the target sizes of the wave-transparent units 25 arranged at the plurality of target positions according to the mapping relation and the target phase change amount corresponding to the target positions.
The obtaining of the mapping relationship between the target phase change amount and the target size of the wave-transparent unit 25 includes: the correspondence relationship between the target phase change amount within the phase change range, which is greater than or equal to 0 ° and less than 2 π, and the target size of the wave-transparent unit 25 is obtained. Specifically, the larger the target size of the wave-transparent unit 25 is, the smaller the phase change amount of the wave-transparent unit 25 to the radio frequency signal is, so that within a phase change range, the target size of the wave-transparent units 25 gradually decreases, and the phase change amount of the wave-transparent units 25 to the radio frequency signal gradually increases.
For example, A, B, C, D correspond to phase changes of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, respectively. A. B, C, D, the target size of the wave-transparent unit 25 is gradually reduced, and it is assumed that the target sizes of the wave-transparent unit 25 at A, B, C, D are a1, a2, a3 and a4, respectively. Wherein, a1> a2> a3> a 4.
Further, the phase change range (0-2 pi) is used as a phase change period. The number of the target positions and the number of the wave-transparent units 25 in one phase change amount cycle are both greater than or equal to 3. In this embodiment, the target position and the number of the wave-transparent units 25 in one phase change amount period are all 4 for example, and will not be described in detail later.
According to the following formula (2):
Figure BDA0002331985230000141
where N is the number of wave-transparent cells required for the phase at the interface to accumulate from 0 to 2 pi, and P is the period constant of the wave-transparent cell 25 at the interface. By determining the value of N as 4 according to equation (2), (N x P), i.e. the length of the period of the phase change, can be determined. One phase change amount cycle corresponds to one transparent wave group 24 in the above embodiment. The length of one of the wave transparent sets 24 can be determined.
The determining of the target size of the wave-transparent unit 25 at the plurality of target positions according to the mapping relationship and the target phase change amount corresponding to the target position includes: if the target phase change amount is within the phase change range, determining the size of the transmission unit corresponding to the target phase change amount according to the corresponding relation; if the target phase change amount is outside the phase change range, obtaining the mapping phase change amount of the target phase change amount in the phase change range, wherein the difference between the mapping phase change amount and the target phase change amount is an integral multiple of 2 pi.
For example, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H respectively correspond to phase change amounts of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °, 360 °, 450 °, 540 °, and 630 °. The target sizes of the wave-transparent units 25 on A, B, C, D are a1, a2, a3 and a4 respectively. The target size of the wave-transparent cell 25 at E should be the same as the target size of the wave-transparent cell 25 at position a, and further the target size of the wave-transparent cell 25 at E can be obtained as a 1. Accordingly, the target sizes of the wave-transparent units 25 on F, G, H are a2, a3 and a4, respectively.
In other words, the target positions of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H form the target sizes of wave-transparent units 25 of a1, a2, a3, a4, a1, a2, a3, and a4, respectively. A. B, C, D, E, F, G, H, the mapping phase change amounts corresponding to the wave-transparent units 25 may be 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °, 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °.
Thus, according to the above method, the plurality of wave-transparent structures 2 are disposed at the plurality of target positions on the housing 1, wherein the target size of the wave-transparent structure 2 corresponds to the phase change amount of the target position, so that the plurality of wave-transparent structures 2 form a phase gradient distribution.
The embodiment of the present application provides a wave-transparent housing assembly 10, which integrates a conductive sub-wavelength structure (the conductive sub-wavelength structure is the wave-transparent unit 25) arranged periodically or non-periodically on a housing 1 to form a super-surface structure. When the frequency band of the radio-frequency signal is the millimeter wave frequency band, the conductive sub-wavelength structure supports the resonance of the millimeter wave frequency band, the characteristics (intensity, phase and the like) of the millimeter wave can be greatly regulated, the resonance intensity and the phase in the plane can be regulated by designing different sizes and arrangement modes of the wave-transmitting units 25, and the phase mutation is realized on the sub-wavelength thickness, so that the propagation of the millimeter wave is controlled, and the transmission angle of the millimeter wave signal in the conductive sub-wavelength structure does not follow the basic transmission law any more but follows the generalized transmission law. Therefore, the radiation pattern of the millimeter wave antenna module 20 can be regulated and controlled, and the scanning range of the millimeter wave antenna module 20 is expanded.
The foregoing is a partial description of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present application, and these modifications and decorations are also regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (21)

1. A wave-transparent housing assembly for transmitting radio frequency signals in a predetermined frequency band, comprising:
a housing; and
the first wave-transmitting structure is arranged on the shell and used for forming resonance with the radio-frequency signals, the first wave-transmitting structure comprises at least one wave-transmitting group, the wave-transmitting group comprises a plurality of wave-transmitting units arranged along a first direction, and the wave-transmitting units are arranged along the first direction and are sequentially increased or decreased.
2. The wave-transparent housing assembly of claim 1, wherein a dimension of the wave-transparent unit in a second direction is varied with a variation in the dimension of the wave-transparent unit in the first direction, the second direction being a direction perpendicular to the first direction on a plane on which the wave-transparent unit is disposed.
3. The wave-transparent housing assembly of claim 2, wherein the number of at least one of the wave-transparent groups is plural, and the plural wave-transparent groups are arranged along the first direction.
4. The wave-transparent housing assembly of claim 3, wherein the dimensions of the wave-transparent units of the plurality of wave-transparent groups in the first direction and the second direction each vary periodically.
5. The wave-transparent housing assembly of claim 3, wherein a plurality of the wave-transparent groups are arranged in a row along the first direction, and wherein the first wave-transparent structure comprises a plurality of rows of wave-transparent rows arranged along the second direction.
6. The wave-transparent housing assembly of claim 1, wherein the wave-transparent units of the wave-transparent groups vary in gradient with respect to the phase change of the radio frequency signal, and the phase change of one of the wave-transparent groups with respect to the radio frequency signal is 2 pi.
7. The wave-transparent housing assembly of claim 6, wherein the difference in the amount of phase change between two adjacent wave-transparent units in one wave-transparent group is equal.
8. The wave-transparent housing assembly according to claim 7, wherein when the number of the wave-transparent groups is plural, the difference between the phase change amounts between two adjacent wave-transparent units in each wave-transparent group is equal.
9. The wave-transparent housing assembly of claim 2, wherein a dimension of the wave-transparent unit in the first direction and a dimension in the second direction are both smaller than a wavelength of the radio frequency signal.
10. The wave-transparent housing assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second wave-transparent structure disposed on the housing in mirror symmetry with the first wave-transparent structure in the first direction.
11. The wave-transparent housing assembly of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the first wave-transparent structure comprises a plurality of spaced apart conductive patch elements forming the wave-transparent element; the conductive patch unit comprises at least two layers of conductive patches which are stacked and an insulating medium patch which is arranged between every two adjacent layers of conductive patches.
12. The wave-transparent casing assembly of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first wave-transparent structure comprises one or more electrically conductive layers arranged in an insulating manner and a plurality of through holes penetrating the electrically conductive layers, the through holes forming the wave-transparent units.
13. The wave-transparent casing assembly of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the casing has opposing inner or outer surfaces, and the first wave-transparent structure is disposed on the inner surface of the casing; or the first wave-transparent structure is arranged on the outer surface of the shell; alternatively, the first wave-transparent structure is embedded between the inner surface and the outer surface of the shell.
14. An antenna assembly comprising an antenna module and the wave-transparent housing assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the antenna module is configured to receive and transmit the radio frequency signal in a predetermined frequency band, and a radiation surface of the antenna module is disposed opposite to the first wave-transparent structure on the wave-transparent housing assembly.
15. The antenna assembly of claim 14, wherein the predetermined frequency band comprises a millimeter wave frequency band, a sub-millimeter wave frequency band, a terahertz wave frequency band.
16. An electronic device comprising the antenna assembly of claim 14 or 15, the housing being a battery cover, a bezel, or a display of the electronic device.
17. A method for preparing a wave-transparent shell assembly, wherein the wave-transparent shell assembly is used for transmitting radio frequency signals of a preset frequency band, the method comprising:
molding a shell;
at least one patterned conductive patch layer is formed on the shell to form a wave-transparent structure, and the wave-transparent structure is used for forming resonance with the radio-frequency signal so as to be distributed in a gradient manner by penetrating through the radio-frequency signal and the phase change amount of the radio-frequency signal.
18. The method of manufacturing of claim 17, wherein forming at least one patterned conductive patch layer on the housing to form a wave-transparent structure comprises:
acquiring a target scanning angle of the radio frequency signal, wherein the target scanning angle is a scanning range angle of the radio frequency signal emitted by the wave-transparent shell component;
determining a target emergence angle of the radio-frequency signal emitted through the wave-transparent shell component according to the target scanning angle;
determining phase gradient distribution on the shell according to a target incident angle of the radio-frequency signal incident to the wave-transparent shell assembly and a target emergent angle emitted by the wave-transparent shell assembly;
and forming at least one patterned conductive patch layer on the shell according to the phase gradient distribution so as to form the wave-transparent structure.
19. The method of manufacturing according to claim 18, wherein forming at least one patterned conductive patch layer on the housing according to a phase gradient profile to form a wave-transparent structure comprises:
determining a plurality of target locations on the housing;
determining target phase change amounts respectively corresponding to the target positions according to the phase gradient distribution;
and respectively forming a plurality of wave-transmitting units on the target positions, wherein the wave-transmitting units comprise at least one patterned conductive patch layer, so that the target size of the wave-transmitting units is matched with the target phase change amount corresponding to the target positions.
20. The method of manufacturing according to claim 19, wherein the forming a plurality of the wave-transparent units on the plurality of target locations, respectively, the plurality of wave-transparent units including at least one patterned conductive patch layer, and the matching of the target size of the wave-transparent unit with the target phase change amount corresponding to the target location comprises:
acquiring a mapping relation between the target phase change amount and a target size of the wave-transparent unit, wherein the target size is a size along a phase gradient change direction;
determining target sizes of the wave-transparent units arranged at the plurality of target positions according to the mapping relation and target phase change amounts corresponding to the target positions;
forming the wave-transparent unit with corresponding target size on a plurality of target positions.
21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the obtaining a mapping relationship between the target phase change amount and the target size of the wave-transparent unit includes:
acquiring the corresponding relation between the target phase change amount in the phase change range and the target size of the wave-transparent unit, wherein the phase change range is greater than or equal to 0 degree and less than 2 pi;
the determining the target size of the wave-transparent unit arranged at the plurality of target positions according to the mapping relationship and the target phase change amount corresponding to the target position includes:
if the target phase change amount is within the phase change range, determining the size of a transmission unit corresponding to the target phase change amount according to the corresponding relation;
and if the target phase change amount is outside the phase change range, acquiring a mapping phase change amount of the target phase change amount in the phase change range, wherein the difference between the mapping phase change amount and the target phase change amount is an integral multiple of 2 pi.
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