CN110970943A - Hybrid microgrid system and its control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明实施例公开了一种混合微电网系统及其控制方法。该混合微电网系统包括：中央控制单元，双向DC/AC变流器、双向DC/DC变流器、电池、直流子网和交流子网，中央控制单元分别与双向DC/AC变流器、双向DC/DC变流器通信连接，其中，双向DC/AC变流器的直流侧连接第一直流母线，电池通过双向DC/DC变流器连接第一直流母线；直流子网连接第二直流母线，第二直流母线与第一直流母线连接，直流子网至少包括直流发电装置和直流可控负载；双向DC/AC变流器的交流侧连接外网和交流母线，交流子网与交流母线连接；交流子网至少包括交流发电装置和交流可控负载。该混合微电网系统具有效率高，控制灵活，抗风险能力强的优点。
The embodiment of the invention discloses a hybrid microgrid system and a control method thereof. The hybrid microgrid system includes: a central control unit, a bidirectional DC/AC converter, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, a battery, a DC sub-network and an AC sub-network, and the central control unit is respectively connected with the bidirectional DC/AC converter, The bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected for communication, wherein the DC side of the bidirectional DC/AC converter is connected to the first DC bus, the battery is connected to the first DC bus through the bidirectional DC/DC converter; the DC subnet is connected to the first DC bus; Two DC buses, the second DC bus is connected to the first DC bus, and the DC sub-network at least includes a DC power generation device and a DC controllable load; the AC side of the bidirectional DC/AC converter is connected to the external grid and the AC bus, and the AC sub-network It is connected with the AC bus; the AC sub-network includes at least an AC generator and an AC controllable load. The hybrid microgrid system has the advantages of high efficiency, flexible control and strong anti-risk capability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明实施例涉及微电网运行控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种混合微电网系统及其控制方法。Embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of microgrid operation control, and in particular, to a hybrid microgrid system and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，以光伏、风电为代表的分布式可再生能源应用广泛，微电网作为一种整合分布式电源、储能、负荷及控制网络的小型电力系统，是克服可再生能源发电间歇性及随机性，提高供电质量及系统运行稳定性的有效途径。在现代楼宇中，以微电网形式构建楼宇配电网络，可达到高密度的可再生能源发电，实现高质量的节能减排效果。In recent years, distributed renewable energy represented by photovoltaics and wind power has been widely used. As a small power system integrating distributed power, energy storage, load and control network, microgrid is an important tool to overcome the intermittent and random power generation of renewable energy. It is an effective way to improve the quality of power supply and the stability of system operation. In modern buildings, building a building power distribution network in the form of a microgrid can achieve high-density renewable energy power generation and achieve high-quality energy-saving and emission-reduction effects.
然而，微电网在楼宇中应用尚存在不足之处。首先在系统架构方面，传统微电网往往是属于交流微电网，但随着楼宇中直流分布式电源(如光伏)以及直流负载(如电动汽车)的普及，直流电源及负荷必须经过直/交变换单元才能与交流系统兼容的方式已难以满足能源高效率利用的现实需求。而且，过多的变换单元也增加了系统的复杂性。此外，传统微电网架构尚未充分考虑系统多种运行场景，在并网或者离网情况下，传统架构无法实现多元控制目标；面对故障情况，传统架构不具备一定的抗风险能力，从而保证一定程度的持续供电。其次，在系统控制方法方面，目前微电网系统控制方法往往是针对传统架构，控制目标主要包括实现各分布式电源间负荷均分、指定功率大小输出以参与需求相应、保障系统稳定运行等。However, there are still shortcomings in the application of microgrids in buildings. First of all, in terms of system architecture, traditional microgrids are often AC microgrids, but with the popularization of DC distributed power sources (such as photovoltaics) and DC loads (such as electric vehicles) in buildings, DC power sources and loads must undergo DC/AC conversion. The way that the unit can be compatible with the AC system has been difficult to meet the real needs of energy efficient utilization. Moreover, too many transform units also increase the complexity of the system. In addition, the traditional microgrid architecture has not fully considered the various operating scenarios of the system. In the case of grid-connected or off-grid conditions, the traditional architecture cannot achieve multiple control objectives; in the face of failures, the traditional architecture does not have certain anti-risk capabilities, so as to ensure certain degree of continuous power supply. Secondly, in terms of system control methods, the current microgrid system control methods are often aimed at traditional architectures, and the control objectives mainly include achieving load sharing among distributed power sources, specifying power output to participate in demand response, and ensuring system stable operation.
架构的单一性及控制方法的不完善导致系统运行灵活性降低，难以面对复杂工况，无法实现高比例本地消纳分布式能源。The singleness of the architecture and the imperfect control method lead to a reduction in the flexibility of the system operation, it is difficult to face complex working conditions, and it is impossible to achieve a high proportion of local consumption of distributed energy.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明实施例提供混合微电网系统及其控制方法，提供一种既包含交流子网又兼容直流子网的微电网系统，以高效地整合直流负载及直流分布式电源，提高了系统效率。Embodiments of the present invention provide a hybrid microgrid system and a control method thereof, and provide a microgrid system that includes both AC sub-networks and compatible DC sub-networks, so as to efficiently integrate DC loads and DC distributed power sources and improve system efficiency.
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种混合微电网系统，包括：中央控制单元，双向DC/AC变流器、双向DC/DC变流器、电池、直流子网和交流子网，所述中央控制单元分别与所述双向DC/AC变流器、所述双向DC/DC变流器通信连接，其中，In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hybrid microgrid system, including: a central control unit, a bidirectional DC/AC converter, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, a battery, a DC sub-network and an AC sub-network, all of which The central control unit is respectively connected in communication with the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, wherein,
所述双向DC/AC变流器的直流侧连接第一直流母线，所述电池通过所述双向DC/DC变流器连接所述第一直流母线；所述直流子网连接第二直流母线，所述第二直流母线与所述第一直流母线连接，所述直流子网至少包括直流发电装置和直流可控负载；The DC side of the bidirectional DC/AC converter is connected to the first DC bus, the battery is connected to the first DC bus through the bidirectional DC/DC converter; the DC sub-network is connected to the second DC a bus, the second DC bus is connected to the first DC bus, and the DC sub-network at least includes a DC power generation device and a DC controllable load;
所述双向DC/AC变流器的交流侧连接外网和交流母线，所述交流子网与所述交流母线连接；所述交流子网至少包括交流发电装置和交流可控负载。The AC side of the bidirectional DC/AC converter is connected to an external network and an AC bus, and the AC sub-network is connected to the AC bus; the AC sub-network at least includes an AC power generation device and an AC controllable load.
第二方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种混合微电网系统的控制方法，应用于本发明任意实施例所述的混合微电网系统，该控制方法包括：In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a control method for a hybrid microgrid system, which is applied to the hybrid microgrid system described in any embodiment of the present invention, and the control method includes:
获取电池的荷电状态；Get the state of charge of the battery;
根据所述电池的荷电状态和所述微电网的工作模式，调整所述双向DC/AC变流器和所述双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式。According to the state of charge of the battery and the operating mode of the microgrid, the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the operating mode of the bidirectional DC/DC converter are adjusted.
本发明实施例所提供的一中混合微电网系统，既含有交流子网，便于交流负载及交流分布式电源接入，又兼容直流子网，高效地整合直流负载及直流分布式电源，相对于单独的交流或直流微电网而言，减少了变换器数目，提高了系统的效率；通过将中央控制单元分别与双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器相连，使得中央控制器能够改变变流器的运行模式，可以调整电池、直流子网和交流子网的能量流通通道，进而可以对微电网的能量进行管理，为交流子网和直流子网提供有效的功率支撑，提升分布式可再生能源利用效率及本地消纳效率，保证系统稳定运行。本实施例所提供的混合微电网系统，尤其适用于交直流混用的现代楼宇，该微电网架构，具有效率高，控制灵活，抗风险能力强的优点。The one-middle hybrid microgrid system provided by the embodiment of the present invention not only includes an AC sub-network, which facilitates the access of AC loads and AC distributed power sources, but also is compatible with DC sub-networks, and efficiently integrates DC loads and DC distributed power sources. For a separate AC or DC microgrid, the number of converters is reduced and the efficiency of the system is improved; by connecting the central control unit with the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the central controller It can change the operation mode of the converter, adjust the energy circulation channels of the battery, the DC sub-network and the AC sub-network, and then manage the energy of the micro-grid, provide effective power support for the AC sub-network and the DC sub-network, and improve the Distributed renewable energy utilization efficiency and local consumption efficiency ensure the stable operation of the system. The hybrid microgrid system provided in this embodiment is especially suitable for modern buildings with mixed AC and DC usage. The microgrid structure has the advantages of high efficiency, flexible control, and strong anti-risk capability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种混合微电网系统的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid microgrid system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例提供的混合微电网系统的控制方法流程图；2 is a flowchart of a control method of a hybrid microgrid system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例提供的微电网系统处于并网模式且电池SoC处于正常阈值范围时，对微电网系统的控制方法流程图；3 is a flowchart of a control method for a microgrid system provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the microgrid system is in a grid-connected mode and the battery SoC is in a normal threshold range;
图4是本发明实施例提供的微电网系统处于并网模式且电池SoC超出上限阈值时，对微电网系统的控制方法流程图；4 is a flowchart of a control method for the microgrid system provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the microgrid system is in grid-connected mode and the battery SoC exceeds the upper limit threshold;
图5是本发明实施例提供的微电网系统处于并网模式且电池SoC低于下限阈值时，对微电网系统的控制方法流程图；5 is a flowchart of a control method for the microgrid system provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the microgrid system is in grid-connected mode and the battery SoC is lower than the lower threshold;
图6是本发明实施例提供的微电网系统处于离网模式，对微电网系统的控制方法流程图。FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for controlling the microgrid system when the microgrid system is in an off-grid mode provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, the drawings only show some but not all structures related to the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种混合微电网系统的结构示意图，本实施例可适用于连接直流子网和交流子网的情况，如图1所示，该混合微电网包括：FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid microgrid system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to the case of connecting a DC sub-grid and an AC sub-grid. As shown in FIG. 1 , the hybrid microgrid includes:
中央控制单元1，双向DC/AC变流器3、双向DC/DC变流器41、电池43、直流子网和交流子网，中央控制单元1分别与双向DC/AC变流器3、双向DC/DC变流器41通信连接，其中，Central control unit 1, bidirectional DC/
双向DC/AC变流器3的直流侧连接第一直流母线5，电池43通过双向DC/DC变流器41连接第一直流母线5；直流子网连接第二直流母线4，第二直流母线4与第一直流母线5连接，直流子网至少包括直流发电装置和直流可控负载；The DC side of the bidirectional DC/
双向DC/AC变流器3的交流侧连接外网和交流母线6，交流子网与交流母线6连接；交流子网至少包括交流发电装置和交流可控负载。The AC side of the bidirectional DC/
其中，中央控制单元1用于对整个微电网进行监控和功率控制，以保证微电网能够正常工作。Among them, the central control unit 1 is used to monitor and control the power of the entire microgrid to ensure that the microgrid can work normally.
通过设置双向DC/AC变流器3，使得本实施例提供的微电网具备了连接直流子网和交流子网的能力，以及与外网进行连接的能力，从而提供了一种新型的微电网架构。同时，将双向DC/AC变流器3、双向DC/DC变流器41与中央控制单元1通信连接，可以由中央控制单元1根据微电网的当前运行状态直接控制双向DC/AC变流器3和双向DC/DC变流器41的运行模式。By setting the bidirectional DC/
所设置的第二直流母线4，可用于分布式直流电源和直流负载接入；所设置的交流母线6，可用于分布式交流电源和交流负载接入。The set second DC bus 4 can be used for the access of the distributed DC power supply and the DC load; the set AC bus 6 can be used for the access of the distributed AC power supply and the AC load.
电池43通过双向DC/DC变流器41连接第一直流母线5，直流子网中各电源及负载连接第二直流母线4，第二直流母线4与第一直流母线5连接，从而在电池43与直流子网之间建立了连接通道。同时，通过双向DC/AC变流器3连接直流子网和交流子网，从而电池43与交流子网间也建立了连接通道。通过将双向DC/AC变流器3的交流侧连接外网，建立了微电网与外网的连接通道，使得本实施例提供的微电网能够与外网进行能量交互。The
在一个实施例中，双向DC/AC变流器3包括背靠背设置的第一变流器31和第二变流器32，具体地，第一变流器31的直流侧以及第二变流器32的直流侧连接第一直流母线5；第一变流器31的控制端口和第二变流器32的控制端口分别与中央控制单元1相连；第二变流器32的交流侧连接交流母线6，第一变流器的交流馈线9通过第一可控开关k1与第一交流电源21连接，第二变流器的交流馈线7通过第二可控开关k2与第二交流电源22连接。In one embodiment, the bidirectional DC/
第一变流器的交流馈线9和第二变流器的交流馈线7之间通过联络线8相连，且联络线8上设置有第三可控开关k3，每个可控开关的控制端均连接至中央控制单元1。The AC feeder 9 of the first converter and the AC feeder 7 of the second converter are connected through a
其中，背靠背设置的双向DC/AC变流器3提供了多级交/直流转换，附加直流侧的电池43及双向DC/DC变流器41实现了丰富的控制功能。The back-to-back bidirectional DC/
三个可控开关的控制端分别与中央控制单元1直接相连，使得中央控制单元1可以通过控制三个可控开关的通断状态，来控制微电网处于并网模式或是离网模式，实现对微电网结构的灵活变换。具体地，通过控制第一可控开关k1和第二可控开关k2闭合，可以控制微电网处于并网模式；通过控制第一可控开关k1和第二可控开关k2断开，可以控制微电网处于离网模式；在微电网处于离网模式时，通过控制第三可控开关k3闭合，可以提供第一变流器31和第二变流器32之间的能流通道。当微电网在双向DC/AC变流器3、电池43或与电池43相连的双向DC/DC变流器41出现故障而导致直流子网无法正常工作时，可独立控制第一可控开关k1与第三可控开关k3闭合，或者控制第二可控开关k2与第三可控开关k3闭合，保证交流子网能够正常运行。中央控制单元1通过对可控开关进行直接控制，可以改变微电网系统的拓扑结构，以应对不同的控制需求。The control terminals of the three controllable switches are directly connected to the central control unit 1, so that the central control unit 1 can control the microgrid to be in the grid-connected mode or the off-grid mode by controlling the on-off state of the three controllable switches. Flexible transformation of microgrid structure. Specifically, by controlling the first controllable switch k1 and the second controllable switch k2 to be closed, the microgrid can be controlled to be in grid-connected mode; by controlling the first controllable switch k1 and the second controllable switch k2 to be open, the microgrid can be controlled The grid is in the off-grid mode; when the microgrid is in the off-grid mode, by controlling the third controllable switch k3 to be closed, an energy flow channel between the
此外，第一变流器31的交流侧连接第一交流电源21，第二变流器32的交流侧连接第二交流电源22，使得本实施例提供的微电网系统能够从两个交流侧与外网进行能量交互。In addition, the AC side of the
在一个实施例中，直流发电装置包括光伏系统以及第一DC/DC变流器45，光伏系统通过第一DC/DC变流器45连接第二直流母线4；直流可控负载通过第二DC/DC变流器44连接第二直流母线4。In one embodiment, the DC power generation device includes a photovoltaic system and a first DC/DC converter 45. The photovoltaic system is connected to the second DC bus 4 through the first DC/DC converter 45; The /
在一个实施例中，交流发电装置包括风电系统和AC/DC/AC变流器61，风电系统通过AC/DC/AC变流器61连接交流母线6。In one embodiment, the AC power generation device includes a wind power system and an AC/DC/
如图1所示，交流发电装置，交流可控负载，直流发电装置和直流可控负载均设置有本地控制器(Local Controller，LC)，由本地控制器直接对所连接的单元进行监控管理；每个本地控制器均与中央控制单元1通信连接，接收中央控制单元1的控制指令，使得各单元能够响应中央控制单元1的控制调整自身的运行模式，且能够反馈相关信息给中央控制单元1。As shown in Figure 1, the AC power generation device, the AC controllable load, the DC power generation device and the DC controllable load are all provided with a local controller (LC), and the local controller directly monitors and manages the connected units; Each local controller is connected to the central control unit 1 in communication and receives control instructions from the central control unit 1 , so that each unit can adjust its own operation mode in response to the control of the central control unit 1 , and can feed back relevant information to the central control unit 1 .
电池43设置有电池控制器，电池43通过电池控制器与中央控制单元1通信连接，使得中央控制单元1能够对电池43进行监控和管理。The
此外，第二直流母线馈线端口42和交流母线馈线端口62分别与中央控制单元1通信连接。使得中央控制单元能够对直流母线和交流母线的电压、频率和电流等信息进行实时监控，从而便于集中式地对交/直流子网进行能量管理。In addition, the second DC
双向DC/AC变流器3的直流侧连接第一直流母线5，使得中央控制单元1能够对第一直流母线5进行电压、电流等信息的实时监测。The DC side of the bidirectional DC/
本发明实施例所提供的一中混合微电网系统，既含有交流子网，便于交流负载及交流分布式电源接入，又兼容直流子网，高效地整合直流负载及直流分布式电源，相对于单独的交流或直流微电网而言，减少了变换器数目，提高了系统的效率；通过将中央控制单元分别与双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器相连，使得中央控制器能够改变变流器的运行模式，可以对电池、直流子网和交流子网进行能流控制，进而可以对微电网的能量进行管理，为交流子网和直流子网提供有效的功率支撑，提升分布式可再生能源利用效率及本地消纳效率，保证系统稳定运行。本实施例所提供的混合微电网系统，尤其适用于交直流混用的现代楼宇，该微电网架构，具有效率高，控制灵活，抗风险能力强的优点。The one-middle hybrid microgrid system provided by the embodiment of the present invention not only includes an AC sub-network, which facilitates the access of AC loads and AC distributed power sources, but also is compatible with DC sub-networks, and efficiently integrates DC loads and DC distributed power sources. For a separate AC or DC microgrid, the number of converters is reduced and the efficiency of the system is improved; by connecting the central control unit with the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the central controller It can change the operation mode of the converter, control the energy flow of the battery, the DC sub-network and the AC sub-network, and then manage the energy of the micro-grid, provide effective power support for the AC sub-network and the DC sub-network, and improve the Distributed renewable energy utilization efficiency and local consumption efficiency ensure the stable operation of the system. The hybrid microgrid system provided in this embodiment is especially suitable for modern buildings with mixed AC and DC usage. The microgrid structure has the advantages of high efficiency, flexible control, and strong anti-risk capability.
基于上述微电网系统，本实施例还提供了一种混合微电网控制方法，图2为本实施例提供的混合微电网系统的控制方法流程图，具体地，该方法包括：Based on the above microgrid system, this embodiment also provides a hybrid microgrid control method. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the control method of the hybrid microgrid system provided by this embodiment. Specifically, the method includes:
S210、获取电池的荷电状态。S210. Obtain the state of charge of the battery.
其中，电池的荷电状态用于反映电池的剩余电量，通常用SoC(State of Charge)表示。SoC值表示电池的剩余电量占电池容量的比值，用百分数表示。Among them, the state of charge of the battery is used to reflect the remaining power of the battery, which is usually represented by SoC (State of Charge). The SoC value represents the ratio of the remaining power of the battery to the battery capacity, expressed as a percentage.
为了方便对电池进行管理，防止电池出现过充或过放电的情况，对电池造成损坏，在一个实施例中，为电池设置了正常阈、上限阈和下限阈，具体地，当10％<SoC<90％时，表明电池的荷电状态处于正常阈值范围；当SoC达到90％且后续未降低到小于80％情况下，表明电池的剩余电量处于接近饱和的状态，SoC处于上限阈，此时，若直流子网或交流子网需要电量，可以从电池获取一定的差额功率，但此时电池不可处于充电模式；当SoC达到10％且后续未恢复到大于20％情况下，表明电池的剩余电量处于低电状态，SoC处于下限阈，此时，若直流子网和/或交流子网的电量剩余，可以将富余的功率为电池充电，但此时电池不可处于放电模式。In order to facilitate the management of the battery and prevent the battery from being overcharged or overdischarged, causing damage to the battery, in one embodiment, a normal threshold, an upper threshold and a lower threshold are set for the battery. Specifically, when 10%<SoC When <90%, it indicates that the state of charge of the battery is in the normal threshold range; when the SoC reaches 90% and does not decrease to less than 80% subsequently, it indicates that the remaining power of the battery is close to saturation, and the SoC is at the upper threshold. , if the DC sub-network or the AC sub-network needs power, a certain amount of power can be obtained from the battery, but the battery cannot be in the charging mode at this time; when the SoC reaches 10% and the subsequent recovery is not greater than 20%, it indicates the remaining battery power The power is in a low power state and the SoC is at the lower threshold. At this time, if the power of the DC sub-network and/or the AC sub-network remains, the surplus power can be used to charge the battery, but the battery cannot be in the discharge mode at this time.
S220、根据所述电池的荷电状态和所述微电网的工作模式，调整所述双向DC/AC变流器和所述双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式。S220. Adjust the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the operating mode of the bidirectional DC/DC converter according to the state of charge of the battery and the operating mode of the microgrid.
其中，微电网的工作模式是指微电网是否与外网相连，即是并网运行还是离网运行。微电网可根据对外网的监测结果，通过控制可控开关的状态，主动调整微电网的工作模式。在一个实施例中，在根据电池的荷电状态和微电网的工作模式，调整双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式之前，还包括：Among them, the working mode of the microgrid refers to whether the microgrid is connected to the external grid, that is, on-grid operation or off-grid operation. The microgrid can actively adjust the working mode of the microgrid by controlling the state of the controllable switch according to the monitoring results of the external grid. In one embodiment, before adjusting the working mode of the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter according to the state of charge of the battery and the working mode of the microgrid, the method further includes:
若检测到外网存在故障，则控制第一可控开关和第二可控开关断开，并控制第三可控开关导通，使得微电网处于离网模式；If it is detected that there is a fault in the external grid, the first controllable switch and the second controllable switch are controlled to be disconnected, and the third controllable switch is controlled to be turned on, so that the microgrid is in an off-grid mode;
若外网不存在故障，则控制第一可控开关和第二可控开关导通，并控制第三可控开关断开，使得微电网处于并网模式。If there is no fault in the external grid, the first controllable switch and the second controllable switch are controlled to be turned on, and the third controllable switch is controlled to be turned off, so that the microgrid is in a grid-connected mode.
其中，微电网可采用孤岛检测技术对外网进行实时监测。当检测到外网存在故障时，中央控制单元通过控制第一可控开关和第二开关断开，让微电网处于离网模式，相应地，在离网模式时，通过控制第三可控开关闭合，可以提供第一变流器和第二变流器之间的能流通道。Among them, the microgrid can use the island detection technology to monitor the external network in real time. When it is detected that there is a fault in the external grid, the central control unit controls the first controllable switch and the second switch to disconnect, so that the microgrid is in the off-grid mode. Correspondingly, in the off-grid mode, by controlling the third controllable switch Closed, an energy flow path between the first converter and the second converter can be provided.
本实施例通过中央控制单元对电池的荷电状态进行监控，获取到电池的电量信息，根据电池的电量信息和微电网的工作模式，通过调整双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式，可以调整电池、直流子网和交流子网的能量流通通道，进而可以对微电网的能量进行管理，为交流子网和直流子网提供有效的功率支撑，提升分布式可再生能源利用效率及本地消纳效率，保证系统稳定运行。In this embodiment, the state of charge of the battery is monitored by the central control unit, and the power information of the battery is obtained. The working mode of the current transformer can adjust the energy circulation channels of the battery, the DC sub-network and the AC sub-network, and then manage the energy of the micro-grid, provide effective power support for the AC sub-network and the DC sub-network, and improve the distributed energy efficiency. Renewable energy utilization efficiency and local consumption efficiency ensure the stable operation of the system.
在上述技术方案的基础上，可选的，在调整双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式之后，该混合微电网控制方法还包括：On the basis of the above technical solution, optionally, after adjusting the working modes of the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the hybrid microgrid control method further includes:
S230、获取直流子网的净功率
其中，中央控制单元通过对第二直流母线进行监测，可以获取到直流子网的当前功率，通过对交流母线进行监测，可以获取到交流子网的当前功率。The central control unit can obtain the current power of the DC sub-network by monitoring the second DC bus, and can obtain the current power of the AC sub-network by monitoring the AC bus.
对直流子网的当前功率和交流子网的当前功率进行滤波是为了在进行功率调度之前，得到稳定的富余功率或缺失功率，避免因功率数值波动造成系统频繁响应，从而对系统稳定性产生不良影响。The purpose of filtering the current power of the DC sub-network and the current power of the AC sub-network is to obtain stable surplus power or missing power before power scheduling, so as to avoid frequent system response due to power value fluctuations, which will adversely affect the system stability. influences.
S240、根据双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式，以及直流子网的净功率和交流子网的净功率，调节直流子网、交流子网和电池的功率分配，以控制微电网保持能量供需平衡。S240. According to the working modes of the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, as well as the net power of the DC sub-network and the net power of the AC sub-network, adjust the power distribution of the DC sub-network, the AC sub-network and the battery , in order to control the microgrid to maintain the balance of energy supply and demand.
其中，中央控制单元通过调节双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式，可以对直流子网、交流子网和电池进行能流控制。结合对直流子网的净功率和交流子网的净功率情况，调整能量流通方向，最终实现对微电网的能量管理，保证微电网系统能够稳定运行。Among them, the central control unit can control the energy flow of the DC sub-network, the AC sub-network and the battery by adjusting the working modes of the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter. Combined with the net power of the DC sub-network and the net power of the AC sub-network, the direction of energy flow is adjusted, and the energy management of the micro-grid is finally realized to ensure the stable operation of the micro-grid system.
在对微电网进行控制时，需要根据直流子网的净功率情况、交流子网的净功率情况和电池的当前SoC，进行综合考虑，再通过调整双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器的功率分配，实现交直、流子网功率互相支撑，提高分布式能源的本地消纳，同时防止储能电池过充、过放，保证系统稳定运行。When controlling the microgrid, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the net power of the DC sub-network, the net power of the AC sub-network and the current SoC of the battery, and then adjust the bidirectional DC/AC converter and bidirectional DC/DC by adjusting The power distribution of the converter realizes the mutual support of the power of the AC-DC and the current sub-network, improves the local consumption of the distributed energy, and at the same time prevents the overcharge and over-discharge of the energy storage battery to ensure the stable operation of the system.
下面结合具体示例，对该微电网处于不同工况时的控制方法进行进一步介绍。In the following, the control method of the microgrid under different working conditions will be further introduced with reference to specific examples.
在一个实施例中，若微电网处于并网模式，根据电池的荷电状态和微电网的工作模式，调整双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式，包括：In one embodiment, if the microgrid is in the grid-connected mode, according to the state of charge of the battery and the operating mode of the microgrid, adjusting the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter operating mode, including:
若电池的荷电状态处于正常阈值范围，则控制第一变流器和第二变流器处于功率控制模式，并控制双向DC/DC变流器处于稳压模式；If the state of charge of the battery is in the normal threshold range, controlling the first converter and the second converter to be in a power control mode, and controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be in a voltage regulation mode;
若电池的荷电状态处于下限阈或处于上限阈，则控制第一变流器处于稳压模式，并控制第二变流器和双向DC/DC变流器处于功率控制模式。If the state of charge of the battery is at the lower threshold or at the upper threshold, the first converter is controlled to be in a voltage regulation mode, and the second converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter are controlled to be in a power control mode.
其中，电池的荷电状态处于正常阈值范围时，第一变流器和第二变流器处于功率控制模式，可以接收来自中央控制单元的功率调度指令，其中正值表示能流从直流侧流向交流侧，负值表示能流从交流侧流向直流侧。DC/DC处于稳压模式，可以维持直流母线电压稳定，在一个实施例中，直流母线电压的公祖电压为700V，可以满足大部分的直流负载需求。Among them, when the state of charge of the battery is in the normal threshold range, the first converter and the second converter are in the power control mode, and can receive power scheduling instructions from the central control unit, wherein a positive value indicates that the energy flow flows from the DC side to the On the AC side, a negative value indicates that the energy flows from the AC side to the DC side. The DC/DC is in a voltage-stabilizing mode, which can keep the DC bus voltage stable. In one embodiment, the voltage of the DC bus voltage is 700V, which can meet most of the DC load requirements.
电池的荷电状态处于下限阈或上限阈时，为防止电池过充或是过放，将双向DC/DC变流器切换为功率控制模式，可以接收中央控制单元的功率调度指令
图3为本实施例提供的微电网系统处于并网模式且电池SoC处于正常阈值范围时，对微电网系统的控制方法流程图，该工况下，第一变流器和第二变流器处于功率控制模式，接收中央控制单元的功率调度指令，双向DC/DC变流器处于稳压模式，以维持700V直流母线电压大小。该工况下，能量管理控制方法参考交流子网、直流子网净功率情况进行设计。当交流子网和直流子网均输出有功功率，表示净功率均为正，所产生的富余功率分别由大电网及电池平衡；当某一子网吸收外部有功功率，表明净功率为负，而另一子网净功率为正，则另一子网的富余功率会通过第二变流器调度到功率亏缺侧，实现子网间的功率支撑，提高分布式能源本地消纳。当直流子网及交流子网均出现净功率为负，相应的缺失功率由电池及外网进行补充。该方法具体包括：3 is a flowchart of a method for controlling the microgrid system when the microgrid system provided by this embodiment is in the grid-connected mode and the battery SoC is in the normal threshold range. In this working condition, the first converter and the second converter are In the power control mode, receiving the power scheduling command from the central control unit, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is in the voltage regulation mode to maintain the 700V DC bus voltage. Under this working condition, the energy management control method is designed with reference to the net power situation of the AC sub-network and the DC sub-network. When both the AC sub-network and the DC sub-network output active power, it means that the net power is positive, and the surplus power generated is balanced by the large power grid and the battery respectively; when a sub-network absorbs external active power, it means that the net power is negative, and If the net power of the other sub-network is positive, the surplus power of the other sub-network will be dispatched to the power deficit side through the second converter to realize the power support between the sub-networks and improve the local consumption of distributed energy. When both the DC sub-network and the AC sub-network have negative net power, the corresponding missing power is supplemented by the battery and the external network. Specifically, the method includes:
S310、获取直流子网的当前功率ΔPDC，和交流子网的当前功率ΔPAC。S310. Obtain the current power ΔP DC of the DC sub-network and the current power ΔP AC of the AC sub-network.
S320、对直流子网的当前功率ΔPDC进行低通滤波，得到直流子网的净功率
S330、对交流子网的当前功率ΔPAC进行低通滤波，得到交流子网的净功率
其中，ΔPDC表示直流子网内分布式单元输出功率PDG_dc与直流负载PLoad_dc之差；ΔPAC表示交流子网内分布式单元输出功率PDG_ac与交流负载PLoad_ac之差。对ΔPDC、ΔPAC进行低通滤波后的值即为
S340、判断第二直流母线是输出功率还是吸收功率，其中，当第二直流母线输出功率时，直流子网的净功率
S350、判断交流母线是输出功率还是吸收功率，其中，当交流母线输出功率时，交流子网的净功率
S360、若
其中，中央控制单元将第一变流器功率设置为
S370、若
其中，中央控制单元设置第一变流器功率
S380、若
其中，
S390、若
其中，中央控制单元设置
图4为本实施例提供的微电网系统处于并网模式且电池SoC处于上限阈时，对微电网系统的控制方法流程图，SoC处于上限阈，即SoC值达到90％且后续未降低到小于80％，该工况下，为防止电池过充，双向DC/DC变流器切换为功率控制模式，接收中央控制单元的功率调度指令，第一变流器切换为稳压模式，用于稳定直流母线电压，第二变流器仍保持功率控制模式。该工况下，能量管理控制方法设计目的是实现交流子网、直流子网之间功率互补，值得注意的是当电池SoC值超过上限阈值时，电池不能处于充电状态，直流子网富余功率可由大电网和交流子网消纳。该方法具体包括：4 is a flowchart of the control method for the microgrid system when the microgrid system provided by this embodiment is in the grid-connected mode and the battery SoC is at the upper limit threshold, the SoC is at the upper limit threshold, that is, the SoC value reaches 90% and does not decrease to less than 80%, under this working condition, in order to prevent the battery from overcharging, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is switched to the power control mode, and after receiving the power scheduling command from the central control unit, the first converter is switched to the voltage stabilization mode for stabilization DC bus voltage, the second converter remains in power control mode. Under this working condition, the design purpose of the energy management control method is to realize the power complementation between the AC sub-network and the DC sub-network. It is worth noting that when the battery SoC value exceeds the upper threshold, the battery cannot be in the charging state, and the surplus power of the DC sub-network can be controlled by Large grid and AC sub-network consumption. Specifically, the method includes:
S410、获取直流子网的当前功率ΔPDC，和交流子网的当前功率ΔPAC。S410. Obtain the current power ΔP DC of the DC sub-network and the current power ΔP AC of the AC sub-network.
S420、对直流子网的当前功率ΔPDC进行低通滤波，得到直流子网的净功率
S430、对交流子网的当前功率ΔPAC进行低通滤波，得到交流子网的净功率
S440、判断第二直流母线是输出功率还是吸收功率，其中，当第二直流母线输出功率时，直流子网的净功率
S450、判断交流母线是输出功率还是吸收功率，其中，当交流母线输出功率时，交流子网的净功率
S460、若
其中，中央控制单元设置第二变流器功率
S470、若
其中，中央控制单元设置第二变流器功率
S480、若
其中，中央控制单元设置第二变流器功率
S490、若
其中，中央控制单元设置第二变流器功率
图5为本实施例提供的微电网系统处于并网模式且电池SoC处于下限阈时，对微电网系统的控制方法流程图，电池SoC值低于下限阈值，即SoC值达到10％且未恢复到大于20％，该工况下，为防止电池过放，双向DC/DC变流器切换为功率控制模式，接收中央控制单元的功率调度指令，第一变流器切换为稳压模式，用于稳定直流母线电压，第二变流器仍保持功率控制模式。该工况下，能量管理控制方法设计目的是实现交流子网、直流子网之间功率互补。需要注意的是，此工况下，电池不能处于放电状态，直流子网缺失功率由大电网和交流子网富余功率补充。该方法具体包括：5 is a flowchart of a control method for the microgrid system when the microgrid system provided by this embodiment is in the grid-connected mode and the battery SoC is at the lower threshold, the battery SoC value is lower than the lower threshold, that is, the SoC value reaches 10% and does not recover to more than 20%, under this working condition, in order to prevent the battery from over-discharging, the bidirectional DC/DC converter switches to the power control mode, receives the power scheduling command from the central control unit, and the first converter switches to the voltage-stabilizing mode, using In order to stabilize the DC bus voltage, the second converter still maintains the power control mode. Under this working condition, the design purpose of the energy management control method is to realize the power complementation between the AC sub-network and the DC sub-network. It should be noted that under this working condition, the battery cannot be in a discharged state, and the missing power of the DC sub-grid is supplemented by the surplus power of the large grid and the AC sub-grid. Specifically, the method includes:
S510、获取直流子网的当前功率ΔPDC，和交流子网的当前功率ΔPAC。S510. Obtain the current power ΔP DC of the DC sub-network and the current power ΔP AC of the AC sub-network.
S520、对直流子网的当前功率ΔPDC进行低通滤波，得到直流子网的净功率
S530、对交流子网的当前功率ΔPAC进行低通滤波，得到交流子网的净功率
S540、判断第二直流母线是输出功率还是吸收功率，其中，当第二直流母线输出功率时，直流子网的净功率
S550、判断交流母线是输出功率还是吸收功率，其中，当交流母线输出功率时，交流子网的净功率
S560、若
其中，中央控制单元设置第二变流器功率
S570、若
其中，中央控制单元设置第二变流器功率
S580、若
其中，中央控制单元设置第二变流器功率
S590、若
其中，中央控制单元设置双向DC/DC变流器
在一个实施例中，若微电网处于离网模式，根据电池的荷电状态和微电网的工作模式，调整双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式，包括：In one embodiment, if the microgrid is in the off-grid mode, the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter are adjusted according to the state of charge of the battery and the operating mode of the microgrid, including:
控制第二变流器处于恒频恒压工作模式，以为交流子网提供频率稳定的交流电压；控制双向DC/DC变流器处于稳压模式，以维持直流母线电压稳定；以及控制第一变流器处于功率控制模式，以通过第一变流器对直流子网、交流子网和电池的功率进行调配。controlling the second converter to be in a constant frequency and constant voltage working mode to provide a frequency-stable AC voltage for the AC sub-network; controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be in a voltage stabilization mode to maintain a stable DC bus voltage; and controlling the first converter The converter is in a power control mode to adjust the power of the DC sub-network, the AC sub-network and the battery through the first converter.
图6为本实施例提供的微电网系统处于离网模式，对微电网系统的控制方法流程图，此工况下，中央控制单元通过调整第一变流器的工作功率来控制直流母线保持电压稳定。此工况下，该微电网控制方法具体包括：6 is a flowchart of the control method for the microgrid system provided by the microgrid system provided in this embodiment in the off-grid mode. Under this working condition, the central control unit controls the DC bus to maintain the voltage by adjusting the working power of the first converter Stablize. Under this working condition, the microgrid control method specifically includes:
S610、获取电池的荷电状态。S610. Obtain the state of charge of the battery.
S620、判断电池的SoC值是否处于正常阈值范围，若电池的荷电状态处于正常阈值范围，则进入步骤S650。S620: Determine whether the SoC value of the battery is within the normal threshold range, and if the state of charge of the battery is within the normal threshold range, proceed to step S650.
其中，若交流侧分布式电源输出功率增加，导致第二变流器输出小于所设定的最小工作功率时，第一变流器将部分交流侧功率调度到直流侧，以提高分布式能源利用效率，防止为了保持交流子网频率、电压稳定而执行分布式电源降功率操作。Among them, if the output power of the distributed power supply on the AC side increases, causing the output of the second converter to be less than the set minimum operating power, the first converter will dispatch part of the power from the AC side to the DC side to improve the utilization of distributed energy. Efficiency, preventing the power reduction operation of the distributed power supply in order to maintain the stability of the frequency and voltage of the AC sub-network.
S630、判断电池的SoC值是否超出上限阈值，若电池的荷电状态超出上限阈值，一方面中央控制单元设置第一变流器的功率
S640、判断电池的SoC值是否低于下限阈值，若电池的荷电状态低于下限阈值，则切断部分直流可控负载和/或交流可控负载，降低微电网的功率消耗，之后，进入步骤S650。S640. Determine whether the SoC value of the battery is lower than the lower threshold. If the state of charge of the battery is lower than the lower threshold, cut off part of the DC controllable load and/or the AC controllable load to reduce the power consumption of the microgrid, and then enter the step S650.
其中，同时当第二变流器输出小于设定最小工作功率时，第一变流器将部分交流侧功率调度到直流侧。Wherein, at the same time, when the output of the second converter is less than the set minimum operating power, the first converter dispatches part of the AC side power to the DC side.
S650、则根据第二变流器的当前输出功率调整第一变流器的功率，其中，若第二变流器的当前输出净功率小于最小工作功率，则中央控制单元设置第一变流器的功率
本实施例的技术方案，中央控制单元根据电池的剩余电量信息和微电网的工作模式，调整双向DC/AC变流器和双向DC/DC变流器的工作模式，可以对电池、直流子网和交流子网进行能流控制，进而可以对微电网的能量进行管理，为交流子网和直流子网提供有效的功率支撑，提升分布式可再生能源利用效率及本地消纳效率，保证系统稳定运行。In the technical solution of this embodiment, the central control unit adjusts the working modes of the bidirectional DC/AC converter and the bidirectional DC/DC converter according to the remaining power information of the battery and the working mode of the microgrid, and can control the battery and the DC sub-grid. It can control the energy flow with the AC sub-network, and then manage the energy of the micro-grid, provide effective power support for the AC sub-network and the DC sub-network, improve the utilization efficiency of distributed renewable energy and local consumption efficiency, and ensure the stability of the system. run.
注意，上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解，本发明不限于这里所述的特定实施例，对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。因此，虽然通过以上实施例对本发明进行了较为详细的说明，但是本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例，在不脱离本发明构思的情况下，还可以包括更多普通等效实施例，而本发明的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can also include more common equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention. The scope is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
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