CN110970941B - Accurate calculation method for reactive power output range of doubly-fed wind generator set - Google Patents

Accurate calculation method for reactive power output range of doubly-fed wind generator set Download PDF

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CN110970941B
CN110970941B CN201911367995.4A CN201911367995A CN110970941B CN 110970941 B CN110970941 B CN 110970941B CN 201911367995 A CN201911367995 A CN 201911367995A CN 110970941 B CN110970941 B CN 110970941B
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output range
side converter
reactive
dfig
capacity
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CN110970941A (en
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华亮亮
刘明昌
李�赫
黄伟
郭天飞
郑明杨
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Tongliao Power Supply Co Of State Grid East Inner Mongolia Electric Power Co
North China Electric Power University
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Tongliao Power Supply Co Of State Grid East Inner Mongolia Electric Power Co
North China Electric Power University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for precisely calculating the reactive output range of a doubly-fed wind generator set, which is based on a dynamic model of the doubly-fed wind generator set with the voltage of a power grid fixed, considers the reactive loss of a filter inductor of a grid-side converter, and considers two factors of capacity limitation and maximum running current of the grid-side converter in the reactive output range of the grid-side converter, wherein the stator reactive output range considers the influences of three factors of the capacity of the rotor-side converter, the running current of the rotor-side converter and the DFIG capacity, so that the precise calculation of the reactive output range of the doubly-fed wind generator set under the full-working condition running condition is realized. The method of the invention not only can realize the accurate calculation of the reactive power output range of the whole wind power plant or the distributed wind power generation set, but also can provide basis for reasonably configuring the reactive power compensation equipment of the wind power plant, regulating the voltage of the reactive power participation system of the wind power generation set and reasonably scheduling the reactive power participation system of the wind power generation set.

Description

Accurate calculation method for reactive power output range of doubly-fed wind generator set
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and particularly relates to an accurate calculation method of a reactive power output range of a doubly-fed wind generating set.
Background
The existing calculation method of the reactive output range of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator set ignores reactive loss of the filter inductance of the grid-side converter, considers that the reactive power output by the rotor winding is the reactive power transmitted to the power grid, and the calculation method can accept errors when the reactive output is smaller, but can cause larger errors when the reactive output is larger, so that the calculated reactive output range is inaccurate. The current calculation method only considers the current limit of the rotor-side converter and the capacity limit of the network-side converter when the reactive output range of the unit is finally determined, other limiting factors only make simple description, and the reactive output range of the unit under all-condition operation cannot be accurately disclosed.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the method, based on the dynamic model of the doubly-fed wind generator set under the power grid voltage orientation, the reactive power loss of the filter inductance of the grid-side converter is considered, the reactive power output range of the grid-side converter is considered, two factors of the capacity limit and the maximum running current of the grid-side converter are considered, the influence of three factors of the capacity of the rotor-side converter, the running current of the rotor-side converter and the DFIG capacity are considered in the stator reactive power output range, and the accurate calculation of the reactive power output range of the doubly-fed wind generator set under the full-working condition running condition is realized.
A precise calculation method for reactive power output range of a doubly-fed wind generator set comprises the following steps:
step 1), establishing a mathematical model of the DFIG in a dq coordinate system, and respectively deducing corresponding expressions of a grid-side converter and a rotor-side converter of the DFIG in a grid voltage orientation mode;
step 2), dividing the operation area of the DFIG by taking the wind speed as the abscissa according to the DFIG parameters to obtain the active output range;
step 3), the network side converter considers two factors of the capacity limit of the network side converter and the maximum running current of the network side converter, and the stator respectively derives the reactive output range of the network side converter by considering three factors of the capacity of the rotor side converter, the running current of the rotor side converter and the DFIG capacity;
and 4) calculating the reactive output range of the DFIG under the full working condition according to the running condition of the DFIG under the full working condition by combining factors considered by the reactive component two parts.
Further, the operation region of the DFIG includes C p Constant region, rotation speed constant region, and power constant region, wherein the lowest wind speed is cut-in wind speed, and the highest wind speed is cut-out wind speed, according toObtaining the active output range of the DFIG under the full working condition, wherein ρ=1.225 kg/m 3 The air density is R is the radius of the impeller of the wind turbine, S is the sectional area of the blade, v w For wind speed, C p For the wind energy utilization coefficient, P t For mechanical power of wind turbine, P o For the output power of the wind turbine, P t =P o
Further, the lower limit of the reactive output range of the grid-side converter is determined by the grid-side converter capacity, the upper limit is determined by the converter capacity when operating near the active output limit, and the maximum operating current is determined under the rest of the operating conditions.
The upper limit of the stator reactive power output range is determined by the DFIG capacity, and the lower limit thereof is determined by the rotor-side converter capacity when the rotation speed is low, and by the DFIG capacity when the rotation speed is high.
Further, the reactive output range of the grid-side converter is A g =O 1 ∩O 2
O 1 ={(-∞,Q g11 )∪(Q g12 ,+∞)}∩(Q g21 ,Q g22 )
O 2 The method comprises the following steps:
wherein U is s For the magnitude of the voltage vector of the power grid, L g Filtering equivalent inductance omega for network side converter s For stator winding voltage current angular frequency, S gN For the rated capacity of the grid-side converter,
further, the reactive power exchange range between the DFIG stator and the power grid is A s =O 3 ∩O 4 ∩O 5
O 3 The method comprises the following steps: o (O) 3 ={(-∞,Q s21 )∪(Q s22 ,+∞)}∩(Q s11 ,Q s12 )
O 4 The method comprises the following steps:
O 5 the method comprises the following steps:
wherein L is m Is an excitation inductance S N For DFIG capacity, I rmax Maximum current is run for the rotor-side converter.
Further, the reactive output range of the DFIG under the full working condition is A g +A s
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the reactive power output range of the wind turbine is accurately calculated by considering the influence of the filter inductance at the network side on the reactive power output range, and being more suitable for the influence of the filter inductance when the output reactive power of the wind turbine is larger.
2. The invention provides a reactive power output range calculation model based on the whole operation condition of the wind turbine, so that according to different operation conditions of the wind turbine, different influencing factors are considered, the accurate calculation of the reactive power output range is realized, the accurate calculation of the reactive power output range of the whole wind power plant or the distributed wind turbine can be realized, and the basis can be provided for reasonably configuring reactive power compensation equipment of the wind power plant and the reactive power participation system voltage regulation and reasonable scheduling of the wind power plant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single doubly-fed wind turbine generator system;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of the converter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the DFIG operating region and the active force range;
fig. 4 is a reactive output range of the grid-side converter;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the results of calculating the reactive output range of the network side using the method of the present invention with the prior art method;
FIG. 6 is stator side reactive output range;
fig. 7 is a graph comparing the results of calculating the reactive output range of the stator side using the method of the present invention with the conventional method.
Detailed Description
The embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention is based on a dynamic model of a doubly-fed wind generator set under the condition of grid voltage orientation, considers the reactive power loss of a filter inductance of a grid-side converter, considers two factors of capacity limitation and maximum running current of the grid-side converter in a reactive power output range of the grid-side converter, considers the influences of three factors of the capacity of a rotor-side converter, the running current of the rotor-side converter and the DFIG capacity in a stator reactive power output range, realizes accurate calculation of the reactive power output range of the doubly-fed wind generator set under the condition of all-condition running, and introduces an accurate calculation method of the reactive power output range of the doubly-fed wind generator set by taking the single doubly-fed wind generator set shown in figure 1 as an example for the convenience of understanding.
Table 1 example parameters
The specific parameters of the single doubly-fed wind generating set shown in FIG. 1 are shown in Table 1, and a current transformer model is adopted by adopting motor conventionAs shown in FIG. 2, the current dq coordinate system is used for the mathematical model, and the current dq coordinate system is used for the orientation of the grid voltage, namely u gd =U s 、u gq =0, the ac side voltage of the net side converter is obtained as
Grid-side power, i.e. power flowing into the grid, is
Ac side power, i.e. net side converter output power
Wherein U is s U is the vector magnitude of the grid voltage gd 、u gq The d and q axis components of the grid voltage; v gd 、v gq D, q axis components of alternating-current side voltage of the grid-side converter; i.e gd 、i gq For the d, q-axis components of the current flowing into the grid-side converter, R g 、L g The equivalent resistance and inductance are filtered for the grid-side converter.
The related expression of the rotor-side converter is obtained in the same way, and the rotor voltage of the rotor-side converter is as follows
Stator output power is
Rotor output power of
Wherein u is sd 、u sq 、u rd 、u rq For the stator voltage and the rotor voltage d, q-axis components, i rd 、i rq R is the components of the axes d and q of the rotor current s 、R r For stator and rotor winding resistance, L s 、L r 、L m Is stator, rotor, exciting inductance omega s For angular frequency, ω, of stator winding voltage current r Angular frequency for the rotor winding voltage current.
The output limit of the doubly-fed wind power generator is studied, firstly, the operation area of the doubly-fed wind power generation system is divided, and different operation areas correspond to different operation states. The operation area can be divided into three parts according to the operation states of the system under different wind speeds and rotating speeds: c (C) p Constant region, rotation speed constant region, and power constant region, the lowest wind speed is cut-in wind speed, the highest wind speed is cut-out wind speed, as shown in FIG. 3, according toThe active output range of the DFIG under the full working condition can be obtained. Wherein ρ=1.225 kg/m 3 The air density is the air density, and R is the radius of the impeller of the wind turbine. S is the sectional area of the blade, v w For wind speed, C p For the wind energy utilization coefficient, P t For mechanical power of wind turbine, P o For the output power of the wind turbine, the active loss and the mechanical loss are ignored, P t =P o
The reactive output range of the grid-side converter mainly considers two factors of capacity limitation and maximum running current of the grid-side converter.
Restriction (1): the rated capacity of the grid-side converter is not exceeded, which is
The formula (1) is substituted into the formula (3) to obtain
Neglecting the first order derivative of equation (8) yields equation (9), equation (9) manifests itself in the circuit structure as power losses of the filter resistor and inductor.
Since the filter resistance is generally small, the active loss is ignored, P g ′=P g Combined (2), (7), (9), and becauseObtaining
In the method, in the process of the invention,
solving the set of unary quadratic equation inequality:
at the moment, the exchange reactive power range of the grid-side converter and the power grid is O 1 (when the above expression is real), when the expression (10) has an imaginary solution, the corresponding limitation is represented without consideration.
O 1 ={(-∞,Q g11 )∪(Q g12 ,+∞)}∩(Q g21 ,Q g22 ) (12)
Wherein S is gN For the rated capacity of the grid-side converter,the current vector is the alternating current side current vector of the grid side converter.
Limit (2): considering the maximum current of GSC (typically 1.2 times rated current), as
Wherein I is gmax The maximum operating current of the grid-side converter is set.
The formula (2) is carried into the formula (13)
Is marked as O 2 The reactive output range of the net-side converter is A g =O 1 ∩O 2 As shown in fig. 4. A comparison of the upper and lower limits of the existing calculation method is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, the lower limit of the reactive output range of the grid-side converter is determined by the grid-side converter capacity, the upper limit is determined by the converter capacity when operating near the active output limit, and the maximum operating current is determined under the rest of the operating conditions, because the upper and lower limits are higher than the range deduced by the existing calculation method due to the consideration of the grid-side filter inductance.
The DFIG stator reactive power is limited by the rotor side converter capacity, rotor side converter operating current, and DFIG capacity.
Restriction (1): rotor-side converter capacity limitation to obtain
Formula (4) is substituted into formula (6) and because ω s =ω r /s, can obtain
Ignoring the first order derivative of (16) to obtain
Wherein,which is the ac side current vector of the rotor side current transformer.
Neglecting active loss, i.e. P r =-sP s Combined (5), (15), (17), andobtaining
In the method, in the process of the invention,
the method can be solved as follows:
when the above formulas are real numbers, the reactive power range O of the stator can be obtained 3 When the imaginary solution exists in the equation (18), the representation of the corresponding constraint is not considered.
O 3 ={(-∞,Q s21 )∪(Q s22 ,+∞)}∩(Q s11 ,Q s12 ) (20)
Limit (2): rotor-side converter operating current limitation (typically 1.2 times rated current) to obtain
The formula (5) is substituted into the formula (21) to obtain
The stator reactive output range is obtained by arrangement and is shown as the formula (23) and is marked as O 4
Limit (3): DFIG capability S N As shown in formula (24), marked as O 5
Therefore, the reactive power exchange range between the DFIG stator and the power grid is A s =O 3 ∩O 4 ∩O 5 As shown in fig. 6. The prior art generally considers the limitation (2) of calculating the reactive output range, as compared to the exact calculation method proposed by the present invention, shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from fig. 7, the stator reactive output range is jointly determined by the rotor-side converter capacity and the DFIG capacity, wherein the upper limit of the output range is determined by the DFIG capacity, the lower limit is determined by the rotor-side converter capacity at lower rotational speeds, and the DFIG capacity at higher rotational speeds, and the precise calculation method proposed by the present invention is more precise than the prior art under all-condition operation conditions.
In summary, the DFIG reactive output range is: a is that g +A s
The reactive power output range of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator under the specific running condition can be obtained through the analysis. This output range is calculated using the wind speed 11m/s as an example. At the moment, the slip is-0.2, and under the maximum wind energy tracking control, the slip is controlled according to A g 、A s The expression is available, Q gmax =0.6360Mvar,Q gmin =-0.4239Mvar,Q smax =1.1206Mvar,Q smin = -1.1206Mvar. Namely, the reactive power output range of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator is [ -1.5445,1.7566]Mvar。
The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that would be apparent to one skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A precise calculation method for reactive power output range of a doubly-fed wind generator set comprises the following steps:
step 1), establishing a mathematical model of the DFIG in a dq coordinate system, and respectively deducing corresponding expressions of a grid-side converter and a rotor-side converter of the DFIG in a grid voltage orientation mode;
step 2), dividing the operation area of the DFIG by taking the wind speed as the abscissa according to the DFIG parameters to obtain the active output range;
step 3), the network side converter considers two factors of the capacity limit of the network side converter and the maximum running current of the network side converter, and the stator respectively derives the reactive output range of the network side converter by considering three factors of the capacity of the rotor side converter, the running current of the rotor side converter and the DFIG capacity;
and 4) calculating the reactive output range of the DFIG under the full working condition according to the running condition of the DFIG under the full working condition by combining factors considered by the reactive component two parts.
2. A method for accurate calculation of reactive power output range of doubly-fed wind generator set according to claim 1, wherein in said step 2), said operation region of DFIG includes C p Constant region, rotation speed constant region, and power constant region, wherein the lowest wind speed is cut-in wind speed, and the highest wind speed is cut-out wind speed, according toObtaining the active output range of the DFIG under the full working condition, wherein ρ=1.225 kg/m 3 The air density is R is the radius of the impeller of the wind turbine, S is the sectional area of the blade, v w For wind speed, C p For the wind energy utilization coefficient, P t For mechanical power of wind turbine, P o For windOutput power of power machine, P t =P o
3. A method for accurate calculation of reactive output range of doubly fed wind generator set according to claim 1 wherein the net side converter reactive output range lower limit is determined by net side converter capacity, the upper limit is determined by converter capacity when operating near the active output limit, and the remaining operating conditions are determined by maximum operating current.
4. A method for accurate calculation of the reactive output range of a doubly fed wind generator set according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper limit of the stator reactive output range is determined by the DFIG capacity, the lower limit thereof is determined by the rotor side converter capacity at lower speeds and by the DFIG capacity at higher speeds.
5. The accurate calculation method of the reactive power output range of the doubly-fed wind generator set according to claim 2, wherein the reactive power output range of the grid-side converter is A g =O 1 ∩O 2
O 1 ={(-∞,Q g11 )∪(Q g12 ,+∞)}∩(Q g21 ,Q g22 )
O 2 The method comprises the following steps:
wherein U is s For the magnitude of the voltage vector of the power grid, L g Filtering equivalent inductance omega for network side converter s For stator winding voltage current angular frequency, S gN For the rated capacity of the grid-side converter,
6. the method for precisely calculating the reactive power output range of a doubly-fed wind generator set according to claim 5, wherein the reactive power output range of the DFIG stator and the power grid is A s =O 3 ∩O 4 ∩O 5
O 3 The method comprises the following steps: o (O) 3 ={(-∞,Q s21 )∪(Q s22 ,+∞)}∩(Q s11 ,Q s12 )
O 4 The method comprises the following steps:
O 5 the method comprises the following steps:
wherein L is m Is an excitation inductance S N For DFIG capacity, I rmax Maximum current is run for the rotor-side converter.
7. The method for precisely calculating the reactive power output range of a doubly-fed wind generator set according to claim 6, wherein the reactive power output range of the DFIG under all conditions is A g +A s
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