CN110970937A - Intelligent energy management method for micro-grid system - Google Patents
Intelligent energy management method for micro-grid system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110970937A CN110970937A CN201911287821.7A CN201911287821A CN110970937A CN 110970937 A CN110970937 A CN 110970937A CN 201911287821 A CN201911287821 A CN 201911287821A CN 110970937 A CN110970937 A CN 110970937A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A micro-grid system relates to a power grid technology, in particular to a micro-grid system. The low-voltage power supply bus of the microgrid is merged into the low-voltage power supply bus of the microgrid through a grid-connected inverter, and then the low-voltage power supply bus is boosted to 10KV through a power supply transformer and merged into a national power grid. The micro-grid system can realize stable power supply in the grid and can be stably connected with a large grid system. The system comprises a photovoltaic power generation system, a diesel generator system and a battery energy storage system, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system and the diesel generator are used as distributed power supplies; the whole micro-grid system is divided into six modules: the system comprises a reference power supply module, a photovoltaic power generation and grid-connected control module, a diesel generator and intelligent control system module thereof, an energy storage system and intelligent management module thereof, a load intelligent management module and a system grid-connected module, and is used as a complete power system, and functions of power balance control, system operation optimization, fault detection and protection, power quality management and the like are realized by means of self control and management energy supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power grid technology, in particular to an energy intelligent management method of a micro-grid system.
Background
In order to solve the problem, the traditional method is to use a relay protection and safety and stability control device, when the system fails, operations such as cutting machine, cutting load or splitting system are carried out, and the like, so as to relieve the problem of power imbalance caused by the failure in the system as much as possible, the stability control measure is called passive stability making, if the device exists, the device can sense the unbalanced power of the system on line in real time and directly compensate and adjust the unbalanced power, so that the problem of power system stability caused by power imbalance after the failure is solved, and the stability control is called active stability making.
The main method for realizing active self-stabilization is to control various energy storage technologies and the stability of a power system, most of the current researches are superconducting magnetic energy storage technologies, SMES, fuel capacitor energy storage technologies, super capacitor energy storage technologies and flywheel energy storage technologies, and from the current research progress, the superconducting magnetic energy storage technologies, SMES, super capacitor energy storage technologies and flywheel energy storage technologies can reach maturity and industrialization in the power system. Research shows that the superconducting magnetic energy storage technology SMES is very suitable for stable control of a power system, but the SMES is expensive in manufacturing cost, the device design and the operation maintenance are greatly different from various existing transmission devices of the power system, the device can safely and stably operate in exploration for a long time, and the problems of low energy storage density of a single capacitor and the like of the super-capacitor energy storage technology due to expensive counterfeiting do not reach the experimental stage yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the micro-grid system is characterized in that a photovoltaic power generation system and a diesel generator are used as distributed power supplies, a vanadium flow battery is used as an energy storage system, a synchronous generator with flywheel energy storage is used for generating a grid-connected reference power supply of the system, the grid-connected reference power supply is merged into a micro-grid low-voltage power supply bus through a grid-connected inverter, the voltage is boosted to 10KV through a power supply transformer, and the micro-grid system is merged into a national power grid. The micro-grid system can realize stable power supply in the grid and can be stably connected with a large grid system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a micro-grid system comprises a photovoltaic power generation system, a diesel generator system and a battery energy storage system, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system and the diesel generator are used as distributed power sources, and the battery energy storage system is arranged; the whole micro-grid system is divided into six modules: namely a reference power module, a photovoltaic power generation and grid-connected control module, a diesel generator and an intelligent control system module thereof, an energy storage system and an intelligent management module thereof, a load intelligent management module and a system grid-connected module, and is characterized in that: the reference power supply module comprises a photovoltaic array A, CCS intelligent control center, a motor, a flywheel and an alternating current synchronous generator, wherein the photovoltaic array is connected with a CCS intelligent control center, the CCS intelligent control center is connected with the motor, the output shaft of the motor is connected with the flywheel, the other end of the flywheel shaft is connected with the alternating current synchronous generator, the synchronous generator is merged into a low-voltage power supply bus through a grid-connected inverter for supplying power in a microgrid, and meanwhile, the low-voltage power supply bus is boosted to the voltage of a power grid through a power supply transformer and merged into a national; the principle is that electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array A is started by CCS (charge coupled device) to generate source power, and the source power drives an alternating current synchronous generator with a motor driving a flywheel to store energy to generate 380V/50Hz alternating current; when the load power fluctuation is large, the flywheel is used for storing energy, and the system voltage and frequency are stabilized, so that the power balance of the microgrid system is achieved; a certain amount of electric energy is provided for the system while a grid-connected reference power supply is provided; when the solar power is insufficient in rainy days, the intelligent energy storage system is used for discharging, the stability of the grid-connected reference power supply is maintained, and the diesel generator is automatically started to supplement energy to the micro-grid system according to the requirement, so that the stable and reliable supply of the electric energy of the system is ensured.
Further, the microgrid system is characterized in that: the CCS intelligent control center comprises a photovoltaic unidirectional input control, a low-voltage power supply bus connection, an active load connection and control, a voltage transformation energy storage discharge and a 12V power supply, wherein the photovoltaic unidirectional input control comprises a switch and a diode, the switch is connected with a solar cell panel, the other end of the switch is connected with the diode, and the diode is connected to the bus; the active load is connected and controlled to be connected to a low-voltage power supply bus; the variable-voltage energy storage and the variable-voltage discharge are connected to a low-voltage power supply bus, wherein the voltage reduction control of the variable-voltage energy storage is connected to an energy storage device; the variable voltage discharge boosting control is also connected to the energy accumulator, the operation process of the variable voltage discharge boosting control is that current generated by photovoltaic flows into a diode through a switch and flows into a low-voltage power supply bus, the low-voltage power supply bus supplies power to an electric load, when the electric quantity of the photovoltaic microgrid is excessive, the charging control connected to the low-voltage power supply bus also charges an energy storage battery, and meanwhile, an active load can be started to consume the excessive electric quantity; when the electric quantity of the photovoltaic micro-grid is insufficient, the low-voltage power supply bus is connected with a discharge control to boost the energy storage battery and place the energy storage battery into the micro-grid, and meanwhile, the active load can be cut off.
Further, the microgrid system is characterized in that: the CCS intelligent control center also comprises a super capacitor, and the super capacitor is arranged and connected between the power supply buses.
Further, the microgrid system is characterized in that: the photovoltaic power generation and grid-connected control module comprises a photovoltaic array B, a photovoltaic direct current combiner box and a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter unit; the output end of the photovoltaic array B is connected to a photovoltaic direct current combiner box, after the combination, the photovoltaic direct current is output through the combiner box and connected with a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is inverted into three-phase alternating current, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is connected with an alternating current bus, and the current is merged into the alternating current bus with a grid-connected reference power supply.
Further, the microgrid system is characterized in that: the diesel power generation system and the intelligent control system module thereof comprise a diesel generator and an intelligent control system; the diesel generator is connected with an intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system is connected with an alternating current bus with a grid-connected reference power supply; the main function is that when the solar power is insufficient in rainy weather, the energy is supplemented to the microgrid system so as to ensure the stable and reliable supply of the system electric energy.
Further, the microgrid system is characterized in that: the energy storage system and the intelligent management module thereof comprise an energy storage battery pack and intelligent energy storage control; the output of the battery pack is connected with intelligent energy storage control, and the battery pack is connected with an alternating current bus with a grid-connected reference power supply; the main functions are as follows: the photovoltaic power supply system is used for overcoming the shortage of photovoltaic power in a short time and providing energy supplement for the microgrid system; and provide the required electric energy for the small-power load such as LED lamps, computers, air conditioners and the like working at night.
Further, the microgrid system is characterized in that: the intelligent load management module comprises an intelligent load controller; the load intelligent controller is connected with an alternating current bus with a grid-connected reference power supply; the intelligent management system has the main functions of intelligently managing larger power loads in the microgrid system so as to ensure that the microgrid system can stably run when the large loads are started; the intelligent load controller is also connected with an active load, the intelligent load controller automatically starts the active load under the conditions of good photovoltaic power generation conditions, insufficient load in a network and more surplus electric quantity, and the active load comprises heat storage, pressure storage, water pumping and storage, ice making and refrigeration and the like; the active load is started, so that photovoltaic power can be consumed as much as possible, and light abandonment is avoided and reduced.
Further, the microgrid system is characterized in that: the system grid-connected module comprises a low-voltage alternating current bus, a low-voltage control system, a power transformer and a high-voltage power access facility; the low-voltage alternating-current bus is electrically connected with the low-voltage control system, the low-voltage alternating-current bus is also connected with a power transformer, and the power transformer is connected with a high-voltage power access facility, so that the micro-grid is connected to a high-voltage power transmission line built in the place where the system is connected to a grid-connected module or a line which forms a high-voltage power supply network with a certain scale and is built in the micro-grid; after photovoltaic electric energy connected to each distribution site is boosted by a transformer, electric power transmission is carried out by using a power line of 10KV or more, and electric energy is transmitted to each power consumption unit at the same time to form a line of a local high-voltage power supply network.
Further, the microgrid system is characterized in that: the micro-grid system is formed by arranging a plurality of groups of photovoltaic power generation system parallel buses, a plurality of groups of diesel generator system parallel buses and a plurality of groups of battery energy storage system parallel buses.
An energy intelligent management method of a micro-grid system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the reference power supply is controlled by the reference power supply management module to generate a reference standard alternating current power supply, and the reference standard alternating current power supply is input into a bus; 2) the distributed power supply comprises a photovoltaic power generation system and a diesel generator set, the standard of output current on a bus is found through an inverter, electric energy with different frequencies is smoothly converted into alternating current electric energy with the same frequency as a reference power supply through the inverter, the output of the distributed power supply is controlled through a controller, and the distributed power supply is controlled to output according to specified voltage and frequency or active power and reactive power; 3) the bus transmits the current to the power load and the energy storage system, and the controller starts the active load to use power when the electric quantity is surplus; and if the power grid is connected, the power is transmitted to the large power grid through the bus by the step-up transformer. 4) The micro-grid energy management system makes a scheduling plan of the schedulable unit by predicting the photovoltaic power generation output quantity and according to the predicted output quantity, the fuel consumption of the fuel unit, the thermoelectric demand and the like; the load in the microgrid system is supplied to run by means of photovoltaic power generation in fine days, the surplus electric quantity is stored in the energy storage system and is still surplus, the controller starts the active load, and the diesel generating set stops; when the sunlight is slightly insufficient, the controller starts a diesel generator set or starts an energy storage system to discharge, so that the electricity used by the microgrid is supplemented; at night, photovoltaic power generation stops, the operation of the working load in the micro-grid system stops, and the diesel generator set and the energy storage system discharge to supply power for daily life and the like in the micro-grid system.
Further, the intelligent energy management method for the micro-grid system is characterized by comprising the following steps: aiming at the problem that the area covered by the micro-grid is large, if the micro-grid covers the whole industrial park and the load distribution of each power utilization unit in the area is different, the power utilization equipment has different rated power and different start-stop time in the same household power unit; especially in the initial stage of micro-grid construction or in the independent micro-grid of a power consumption unit and a factory, under the condition of small power supply scale, automatic switching of single operation or multiple parallel operations of a diesel engine power generation set is realized, and an intelligent management system needs to automatically select a proper set to generate power according to the size of a load in the micro-grid; when the load in the microgrid changes, the set matched with the microgrid is automatically started, so that the set works in a reasonable efficiency area, an uninterrupted power supply is realized, normal production of a factory is guaranteed, and seamless connection is realized; adopting an intelligent load management mode of 'reservation registration':
the load management mode of "reservation registration" mainly includes the following aspects.
1) Registering all production equipment with power of 10KW or more in the microgrid, inputting basic information into an electric equipment management database of the microgrid intelligent management center, and numbering the electric equipment management database.
2) And establishing a field network in each production area, and carrying out field management on the production equipment.
3) Every production facility is equipped with a block terminal of automatic switching. A red-green indicating lamp and a 'reservation registration' button are arranged on the distribution box.
4) Before production equipment is put into operation, a red indicator light of a distribution box is on, after a reservation registration button is pressed down, a micro-grid intelligent management center receives a reservation registration application, identifies basic information of the reservation registration application, and then prepares corresponding work according to the power generation capacity of a photovoltaic power generation system and the capacity of a diesel generator which is in operation. If the rated power of the production equipment which is reserved and registered meets the power supply condition, the micro-grid intelligent management center immediately sends a notice of allowing to be put in, the power supply switch of the distribution box is automatically put in through the field network, the green indicator light is on, and at the moment, a user can start the equipment to produce.
5) If the rated power of the production equipment which is reserved and registered exceeds the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system and the load capacity of the diesel generator in operation, the micro-grid intelligent management center starts another diesel generator with proper capacity, sends a notice of allowing to put in after the start is finished and the operation is stable, automatically puts in a power supply switch of the distribution box through a field network, and meanwhile, a green light is lighted, and a user can start the equipment to produce.
6) After the production equipment with reserved registration starts production, the 'reserved registration' procedure is completed, and the microgrid system can stably supply power to the microgrid system.
7) The following situation requires a new "subscription registration":
(1) the 'appointment registration' is successful, namely a green indicator light of the power distribution box is on, and the equipment is not started to run for more than 10 minutes;
(2) after the production equipment is shut down, if the production equipment needs to be started again, the 'reservation registration' needs to be carried out again.
The management achieves the purposes of optimizing load use, saving energy and electricity through demand side management or demand side response; when the micro-grid is built to reach a certain scale, the power supply capacity of the micro-grid is stronger and stronger, and the influence of the starting of the high-power load on the micro-grid is less and less obvious.
The electric load in the microgrid comprises a heat storage load: such as electric water heater, heat conducting oil heater, pressure storage load: air pump and gas holder, water storage load: such as water pumps, ice making and refrigeration equipment, etc., we set these loads as active loads. Under the conditions of good photovoltaic power generation conditions, insufficient loads in a network and more surplus electric quantity, the micro-grid intelligent management center can automatically start the active loads, store heat, store pressure, pump water and store water, make ice and refrigerate and the like in advance, consume photovoltaic power as much as possible, and achieve the purposes of avoiding light abandonment and reducing light abandonment as much as possible; the discharge of the storage battery at night and the power supply quantity of the diesel generator are reduced, and the operation cost of the microgrid is effectively reduced.
Further, the intelligent energy management method for the micro-grid system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the CCS intelligent control center has the working method that: the solar 12-volt power supply is adopted, super-capacitor control and battery energy storage are arranged, the power supply of the reference power supply is stable, and the power generation output of the reference power supply is stable through flywheel energy storage.
The distributed power supply is divided into an unscheduled unit and a schedulable unit according to controllability; the photovoltaic power generation mainly depends on the natural environment, has randomness and volatility, belongs to a non-dispatchable unit, has certain predictability, and still has larger prediction error at present; the fuel machine diesel engine unit belongs to a schedulable unit; the electric power in the micro-grid system mainly comes from photovoltaic power generation and then is a diesel generator set; the diesel generating set is used as a standby power supply or power supplement equipment, has the functions of automatic starting, automatic grid connection, automatic output load adjustment and the like, and realizes automatic switching of single or multiple diesel generating sets in parallel connection and the like so as to ensure the stability of power supply in a coverage area of a micro-grid system; the intelligent management system automatically selects a proper unit to generate power according to the size of the load in the network; when the load in the network changes, the matched unit is automatically started, so that the unit works in a reasonable efficiency area, an uninterrupted power supply is realized, normal production of a factory is guaranteed, and seamless butt joint is realized.
The energy storage system in the micro-grid mainly comprises a storage battery, a flywheel and a super capacitor; the storage battery plays roles of peak clipping, valley filling and energy scheduling when being connected to the grid, and is used as a central storage unit in the isolated grid to maintain the frequency and voltage stability of the micro-grid; the flywheel is used for stabilizing instantaneous power fluctuation in the microgrid; the super capacitor has lower inertia, so that the energy storage system can stabilize the power fluctuation of the distributed power supply and the load in the microgrid, maintain the real-time power balance of the system, and simultaneously provide instantaneous power support when the grid-connected state and the isolated network state of the microgrid are switched, thereby maintaining the stability of the system. The energy storage system is connected to the microgrid through the inverter and receives an instruction of the microgrid energy management system to determine a working mode and discharge power. The management target of the energy storage system depends on the working mode of the microgrid; in a grid-connected mode, the system mainly ensures stable output of the distributed power supply, can play the auxiliary roles of peak clipping, valley filling and energy scheduling when the capacity is sufficient, and in an isolated network mode, the energy storage system mainly maintains the stability of the system and reduces the electric energy fluctuation of a terminal user.
The electric load in the coverage area of the micro-grid system is different in size, and the starting time is determined according to the living and production needs. In order to ensure the stability and reliability of the intelligent microgrid system and prevent the impact on the intelligent microgrid system due to the instantaneous increase of the power load, the intelligent management system is used for carrying out classification management on all loads in the region. The power consumption of life, official working and the power consumption of production are managed respectively, accomplish reasonable dispatch.
The load of the microgrid coverage area is divided into a common load and a controllable load. The common loads mainly include electric devices with smaller rated power and relatively dispersed power, such as lighting, entrance guards, security, communication, elevators and other office electric power and domestic electric power with relatively smaller power. When the solar power is insufficient, the loads are mainly supplied by a storage battery through an inverter, and a diesel generator with corresponding capacity is equipped for supplying power additionally. And setting priority on electric equipment management. For domestic electrical equipment and production equipment with relatively high power in an area, the load is classified as a controllable load.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the micro-grid system provided by the invention has a stable local high-voltage power supply network, and then more distributed power supplies can be incorporated into the local high-voltage power supply network according to the actual power utilization requirement, so that the high-voltage power supply network with larger coverage and stronger power supply capacity is gradually formed. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the micro-grid is an autonomous system capable of realizing self-control, protection and management, and can be operated with an external grid or operated in an isolated manner. The small-sized power generation and distribution system is formed by integrating a distributed power supply, an energy storage device, an energy replacing device and related load and monitoring and protecting devices. As a complete power system, the functions of power balance control, system operation optimization, fault detection and protection, power quality management and the like are realized by self control and energy supply management;
2. the microgrid realizes flexible and efficient application and grid connection of distributed power supplies such as a photovoltaic power generation system and a diesel generator set through a photovoltaic power generation and grid connection control module, a diesel generator and an intelligent control system module thereof;
3. the micro-grid can fully realize the access of distributed power supplies of various scales and realize high-reliability power supply to loads. The system can realize spontaneous self-use of company electric energy and internet-surfing sale of surplus electricity through the system grid-connected module; on the other hand, when the commercial power supply system is powered off, the micro-grid system can normally work as the system is provided with a grid-connected reference power supply, so that stable and reliable electric power energy is provided for the production and the life of a company;
4. the power supply in the microgrid is a distributed power supply with small capacity, a photovoltaic power generation system, a diesel generator set, a super capacitor, a flywheel, a storage battery and other energy storage devices. They are connected to the user side, and have the characteristics of low cost, low voltage, small pollution and the like;
5. the microgrid energy storage buffering comprises voltage transformation energy storage and voltage transformation energy storage discharge, and the function of the microgrid energy storage buffering is to avoid the instantaneous fluctuation of photovoltaic power and ensure the reliable operation of equipment; and when the photovoltaic power is insufficient and the stored energy is discharged to a preset value, an alarm is given, and the reaction time is reserved for operating personnel to stop the load.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall networking mechanism of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of CCS intelligent control center circuit in the invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic control flow diagram of the present invention
In the figure: the system comprises a photovoltaic power generation and grid-connected control system 1, a CCS controller 11, a photovoltaic array control point 111, an active load control point 112, a grid load control point 113, a grid load 114, a reactor 1141, a frequency converter 1142, a control box 1143, a variable-voltage energy storage control 115, a variable-voltage energy storage 1151, a variable-voltage energy storage discharge 1152, an energy storage 1154, a CCS control power supply 116, a super capacitor 117, a grounding device 118, a lightning arrester 119, a motor 12, an energy storage flywheel 13, a synchronous generator 14, an exciter brushless machine 15, a grid-connected cabinet A16, a photovoltaic array A17, an active load 19, a photovoltaic power generation system and grid-connected control module 2, a photovoltaic array B21, a string inverter A22, a diesel generator and intelligent control system module 3, a diesel generator 31, a grid-connected cabinet B32, an energy storage system and intelligent management module 4, an energy storage battery 41, an energy storage controller 42, a load intelligent management module, And an alternating current bus 7.
Detailed Description
In fig. 1, the whole system of the microgrid system can be divided into six modules according to functions, namely a reference power module 1, a photovoltaic power generation and grid-connected control module 2, a diesel generator and intelligent control system module 3 thereof, an energy storage system and intelligent management module 4 thereof, a load intelligent management module 5 and a system grid-connected module 6.
The reference power supply module comprises a photovoltaic array A17, a CCS intelligent control center 11, a motor 12, a flywheel 13 and an alternating current synchronous generator 14, the photovoltaic array A17 is connected with the CCS intelligent control center 11, the CCS intelligent control center 11 is connected with the motor 12, the output shaft of the motor 12 is connected with the flywheel 13, the other end of the shaft of the flywheel 13 is connected with the alternating current synchronous generator 14, and the synchronous generator 14 is incorporated into the alternating current bus 7 through a grid-connected inverter;
the photovoltaic power generation and grid-connected control module comprises a photovoltaic array B21, a photovoltaic direct-current combiner box and a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 22; the output end of the photovoltaic array B21 is connected to a direct current through a combiner box, after the direct current is combined, the direct current is output through the combiner box and is connected with a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 22, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 22 inverts the direct current into three-phase alternating current, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 22 is connected with an alternating current bus 7, and the current is merged into the alternating current bus 7 with a grid-connected reference power supply;
the diesel generator and the intelligent control system module thereof comprise a diesel generator 31 and an intelligent control system 32; the diesel generator 31 is connected with an intelligent control system 32, and the intelligent control system 32 is connected with an alternating current bus 7 with a grid-connected reference power supply; the main function is that when the solar power is insufficient in rainy days, the energy is supplemented to the microgrid system so as to ensure the stable and reliable supply of the system electric energy;
the energy storage system and the intelligent management module thereof comprise an energy storage battery pack 42 and an intelligent energy storage controller 41 thereof; the output of the battery pack 42 is connected with the intelligent energy storage controller 41 and is connected with an alternating current bus 7 with a grid-connected reference power supply; the main functions are as follows: the photovoltaic power supply system is used for overcoming the shortage of photovoltaic power in a short time and providing energy supplement for the microgrid system; and provide the required electric energy for the small-power load such as LED lamps, computers, air conditioners and the like working at night.
The intelligent load management module comprises an intelligent load controller 5 and an electricity load; the intelligent load controller 5 controls the connection of an electric load and an alternating current bus 7 with a grid-connected reference power supply; the intelligent management system has the main functions of intelligently managing larger power loads in the microgrid system so as to ensure that the microgrid system can stably run when the large loads are started; in addition, under the conditions that the photovoltaic power generation condition is good, the load in the network is insufficient, and the surplus electric quantity is large, the active load is automatically started, heat storage, pressure storage, water pumping and storage, ice making and refrigeration and the like are performed in advance, photovoltaic power is consumed as much as possible, and light abandonment are performed as little as possible.
The system grid-connected module 6 comprises an alternating current bus 7, a low-voltage control system, a power transformer and a high-voltage power access facility; the alternating current bus 7 is electrically connected with the low-voltage control system, the low-voltage alternating current bus is also connected with a power transformer, and the power transformer is connected with a high-voltage power access facility; the system grid-connected module 6 connects the micro-grid to a high-voltage power transmission line built in the place where the micro-grid is located or a line which forms a high-voltage power supply network with a certain scale and is built by the micro-grid; after photovoltaic electric energy connected to each distribution site is boosted by a transformer, electric power transmission is carried out by using a power line of 10KV or more, and electric energy is transmitted to each power consumption unit at the same time to form a line of a local high-voltage power supply network.
An energy intelligent management method of a micro-grid system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the reference power supply is controlled by the reference power supply management module 1 to generate a reference standard alternating current power supply, and the reference standard alternating current power supply is input into an alternating current bus 7; 2) the distributed power supply comprises a photovoltaic power generation system 2, a string inverter A22 finds the output current standard on an alternating current bus 7, the electric energy with different frequencies is smoothly converted into alternating current electric energy with the same frequency as a reference power supply 1 through the string inverter A22 and a diesel generator set 3 through a grid-connected cabinet B32, the inverter is controlled by a controller to control the output of the distributed power supply, and the distributed power supply controls the output according to the specified voltage and frequency or active and reactive power; 3) the alternating current bus 7 transmits current to the power load 5 and the energy storage system 4, and the controller starts the active load 19 to use power when the power is surplus; if the power grid is connected, the alternating current bus is transmitted to a large power grid through a step-up transformer; 4) the micro-grid energy management system makes a scheduling plan of the schedulable unit by predicting the photovoltaic power generation output quantity and according to the predicted output quantity, the fuel consumption of the fuel unit, the thermoelectric demand and the like; the load in the microgrid system is supplied to run by means of photovoltaic power generation in fine days, the surplus electric quantity is stored in the energy storage system and is still surplus, the controller starts the active load, and the diesel generating set stops; when the sunlight is slightly insufficient, the controller starts a diesel generator set or starts an energy storage system to discharge, so that the electricity used by the microgrid is supplemented; at night, photovoltaic power generation stops, the operation of the working load in the micro-grid system stops, and the diesel generator set and the energy storage system discharge to supply power for daily life and the like in the micro-grid system.
Further, the intelligent energy management method for the micro-grid system is characterized by comprising the following steps: aiming at the problem that the area covered by the micro-grid is large, if the micro-grid covers the whole industrial park and the load distribution of each power utilization unit in the area is different, the power utilization equipment has different rated power and different start-stop time in the same household power unit; or in the initial stage of micro-grid construction or in the independent micro-grid of a power consumption unit and a factory, under the condition that the power supply scale is small, in order to realize automatic switching of single operation or multiple parallel operations of a diesel engine power generation set, an intelligent management system needs to automatically select a proper set to generate power according to the size of a load in the micro-grid, and adapts to the change of the load in the micro-grid, so that the set can work in a reasonable efficiency area, an uninterruptible power supply can be realized, the normal production of the factory is guaranteed, and seamless butt joint is realized; adopting an intelligent load management mode of 'reservation registration':
the load management mode of "reservation registration" mainly includes the following steps:
1) registering all production equipment with power of 10KW or more in the microgrid, inputting basic information into an electric equipment management database of the microgrid intelligent management center, and numbering the electric equipment management database;
2) building a field network in each production area, and carrying out field management on production equipment;
3) each production device is provided with an automatic switching distribution box, and a traffic indicator light and an 'appointment register' button are arranged on the distribution box;
4) before production equipment is put into operation, a red indicator light of a distribution box is on, and after a reservation registration button is pressed down, a micro-grid intelligent management center receives a reservation registration application, identifies basic information of the reservation registration application, and then prepares corresponding work according to the power generation capacity of a photovoltaic power generation system and the capacity of a diesel generator in operation; if the rated power of the production equipment which is reserved and registered meets the power supply condition, the microgrid intelligent management center immediately sends a notice of allowing to be put into the microgrid, a power supply switch of a field network automatic putting-in distribution box is started, a green indicator lamp is on, and at the moment, a user can start the equipment to produce;
5) if the rated power of the production equipment which is reserved and registered exceeds the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system and the load capacity of the diesel generator in operation, the micro-grid intelligent management center starts another diesel generator with proper capacity, sends a notice of allowing to put in after the start is finished and the operation is stable, and automatically puts in a power supply switch of a distribution box through a field network, and meanwhile, a green light is lighted, so that a user can start the equipment to produce;
6) after the production equipment which is reserved and registered starts production, the procedure of reserving and registering is finished, and the microgrid system can stably supply power for the microgrid system;
7) the following situation requires a new "subscription registration":
(1) the 'appointment registration' is successful, namely a green indicator light of the power distribution box is on, and the equipment is not started to run for more than 10 minutes;
(2) after the production equipment is shut down, if the production equipment needs to be started again, the 'reservation registration' needs to be carried out again.
The management achieves the purposes of optimizing load use, saving energy and electricity through demand side management or demand side response; when the micro-grid is built to reach a certain scale, the power supply capacity of the micro-grid is stronger and stronger, and the influence of the starting of the high-power load on the micro-grid is less and less obvious.
The electric load in the microgrid comprises a heat storage load: such as electric water heater, heat conducting oil heater, pressure storage load: air pump and gas holder, water storage load: such as water pumps, ice making and refrigeration equipment, etc., we set these loads as active loads. Under the conditions of good photovoltaic power generation conditions, insufficient loads in a network and more surplus electric quantity, the micro-grid intelligent management center can automatically start the active loads, store heat, store pressure, pump water and store water, make ice and refrigerate and the like in advance, consume photovoltaic power as much as possible, and achieve the purposes of avoiding light abandonment and reducing light abandonment as much as possible; the discharge of the storage battery at night and the power supply quantity of the diesel generator are reduced, and the operation cost of the microgrid is effectively reduced.
Further, the intelligent energy management method for the micro-grid system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the CCS intelligent control center has the working method that: the solar 12-volt power supply is adopted, super-capacitor control and battery energy storage are arranged, the power supply of the reference power supply is stable, and the power generation output of the reference power supply is stable through flywheel energy storage.
The distributed power supply is divided into an unscheduled unit and a schedulable unit according to controllability; the photovoltaic power generation mainly depends on the natural environment, has randomness and volatility, belongs to a non-dispatchable unit, has certain predictability, and still has larger prediction error at present; the fuel machine diesel engine unit belongs to a schedulable unit; the electric power in the micro-grid system mainly comes from photovoltaic power generation and then is a diesel generator set; the diesel generating set is used as a standby power supply or power supplement equipment, has the functions of automatic starting, automatic grid connection, automatic output load adjustment and the like, and realizes automatic switching of single or multiple diesel generating sets in parallel connection and the like so as to ensure the stability of power supply in a coverage area of a micro-grid system; the intelligent management system automatically selects a proper unit to generate power according to the size of the load in the network; when the load in the network changes, the matched unit is automatically started, so that the unit works in a reasonable efficiency area, an uninterrupted power supply is realized, normal production of a factory is guaranteed, and seamless butt joint is realized.
The energy storage system in the micro-grid mainly comprises a storage battery, a flywheel and a super capacitor; the storage battery plays roles of peak clipping, valley filling and energy scheduling when being connected to the grid, and is used as a central storage unit in the isolated grid to maintain the frequency and voltage stability of the micro-grid; the flywheel is used for stabilizing instantaneous power fluctuation in the microgrid; the super capacitor has lower inertia, so that the energy storage system can stabilize the power fluctuation of the distributed power supply and the load in the microgrid, maintain the real-time power balance of the system, and simultaneously provide instantaneous power support when the grid-connected state and the isolated network state of the microgrid are switched, thereby maintaining the stability of the system. The energy storage system is connected to the microgrid through the inverter and receives an instruction of the microgrid energy management system to determine a working mode and discharge power. The management target of the energy storage system depends on the working mode of the microgrid; in a grid-connected mode, the system mainly ensures stable output of the distributed power supply, can play the auxiliary roles of peak clipping, valley filling and energy scheduling when the capacity is sufficient, and in an isolated network mode, the energy storage system mainly maintains the stability of the system and reduces the electric energy fluctuation of a terminal user.
The electric load in the coverage area of the micro-grid system is different in size, and the starting time is determined according to the living and production needs. In order to ensure the stability and reliability of the intelligent microgrid system and prevent the impact on the intelligent microgrid system due to the instantaneous increase of the power load, the intelligent management system is used for carrying out classification management on all loads in the region. The power consumption of life, official working and the power consumption of production are managed respectively, accomplish reasonable dispatch.
The load of the microgrid coverage area is divided into a common load and a controllable load. The common loads mainly include electric devices with smaller rated power and relatively dispersed power, such as lighting, entrance guards, security, communication, elevators and other office electric power and domestic electric power with relatively smaller power. When the solar power is insufficient, the loads are mainly supplied by a storage battery through an inverter, and a diesel generator with corresponding capacity is equipped for supplying power additionally. And setting priority on electric equipment management. For domestic electrical equipment and production equipment with relatively high power in an area, the load is classified as a controllable load.
Claims (8)
1. An energy intelligent management method of a micro-grid system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the reference power supply is controlled by the reference power supply management module to generate a reference standard alternating current power supply, and the reference standard alternating current power supply is input into a bus; 2) the distributed power supply comprises a photovoltaic power generation system and a diesel generator set, the standard of output current on a bus is found through an inverter, electric energy with different frequencies is smoothly converted into alternating current electric energy with the same frequency as a reference power supply through the inverter, the output of the distributed power supply is controlled through a controller, and the distributed power supply is controlled to output according to specified voltage and frequency or active power and reactive power; 3) the bus transmits the current to the power load and the energy storage system, and the controller starts the active load to use power when the electric quantity is surplus; if the power grid is connected, the bus is transmitted to the large power grid through the step-up transformer;
4) the micro-grid energy management system makes a scheduling plan of the schedulable unit by predicting the photovoltaic power generation output quantity and according to the predicted output quantity, the fuel consumption of the fuel unit, the thermoelectric demand and the like; the load in the microgrid system is supplied to run by means of photovoltaic power generation in fine days, the surplus electric quantity is stored in the energy storage system and is still surplus, the controller starts the active load, and the diesel generating set stops; when the sunlight is slightly insufficient, the controller starts a diesel generator set or starts an energy storage system to discharge, so that the electricity used by the microgrid is supplemented; at night, photovoltaic power generation stops, the operation of the working load in the micro-grid system stops, and the diesel generator set and the energy storage system discharge to supply power for daily life and the like in the micro-grid system.
2. The method for intelligently managing the energy of the microgrid system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: aiming at the problem that the area covered by the micro-grid is large, if the micro-grid covers the whole industrial park and the load distribution of each power utilization unit in the area is different, the power utilization equipment has different rated power and different start-stop time in the same household power unit; especially in the initial stage of micro-grid construction or in the independent micro-grid of a power consumption unit and a factory, under the condition of small power supply scale, automatic switching of single operation or multiple parallel operations of a diesel engine power generation set is realized, and an intelligent management system needs to automatically select a proper set to generate power according to the size of a load in the micro-grid; when the load in the microgrid changes, the set matched with the microgrid is automatically started, so that the set works in a reasonable efficiency area, an uninterrupted power supply is realized, normal production of a factory is guaranteed, and seamless connection is realized; adopting an intelligent load management mode of 'reservation registration':
the load management mode of "reservation registration" mainly includes the following aspects:
1) registering all production equipment with power of 10KW or more in the microgrid, inputting basic information into an electric equipment management database of the microgrid intelligent management center, and numbering the electric equipment management database;
2) building a field network in each production area, and carrying out field management on production equipment;
3) each production device is provided with an automatic switching distribution box, and a traffic indicator light and an 'appointment register' button are arranged on the distribution box;
4) before production equipment is put into operation, a red indicator light of a distribution box is on, after an 'appointment registration' button is pressed, a microgrid intelligent management center receives an 'appointment registration' application, identifies basic information of the 'appointment registration' application, then makes corresponding preparation work according to the power generation capacity of a photovoltaic power generation system and the capacity of a diesel generator in operation, and immediately sends a notice of allowing the production equipment to be put into operation if the rated power of the production equipment subjected to appointment registration meets the power supply condition, the power supply switch of the distribution box is automatically put into operation through a field network, a green indicator light is on, and at the moment, a user can start the equipment to produce;
5) if the rated power of the production equipment which is reserved and registered exceeds the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system and the load capacity of the diesel generator in operation, the micro-grid intelligent management center starts another diesel generator with proper capacity, sends a notice of allowing to put in after the start is finished and the operation is stable, and automatically puts in a power supply switch of a distribution box through a field network, and meanwhile, a green light is lighted, so that a user can start the equipment to produce;
6) after the production equipment with reserved registration starts production, the 'reserved registration' procedure is completed, and the microgrid system can stably supply power to the microgrid system.
3. The method for intelligently managing the energy of the microgrid system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the following situation requires a new "subscription registration":
(1) the 'appointment registration' is successful, namely a green indicator light of the power distribution box is on, and the equipment is not started to run for more than 10 minutes;
(2) after the production equipment is shut down, if the production equipment needs to be started again, the 'reservation registration' needs to be carried out again.
4. The method for intelligently managing the energy of the microgrid system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electric load in the microgrid comprises a heat storage load: such as electric water heater, heat conducting oil heater, pressure storage load: air pump and gas holder, water storage load: such as water pumps, ice making and refrigerating equipment, etc., which are set as active loads; under the conditions of good photovoltaic power generation conditions, insufficient loads in a network and more surplus electric quantity, the micro-grid intelligent management center can automatically start the active loads, store heat, store pressure, pump water and store water, make ice and refrigerate and the like in advance, consume photovoltaic power as much as possible, and achieve the purposes of avoiding light abandonment and reducing light abandonment as much as possible; the discharge of the storage battery at night and the power supply quantity of the diesel generator are reduced, and the operation cost of the microgrid is effectively reduced.
5. The method for intelligently managing the energy of the microgrid system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the CCS intelligent control center has the working method that: the solar 12-volt power supply is adopted, super-capacitor control and battery energy storage are arranged, the power supply of the reference power supply is stable, and the power generation output of the reference power supply is stable through flywheel energy storage.
6. The method for intelligently managing the energy of the microgrid system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: dividing the distributed power supply into a non-dispatchable unit and a dispatchable unit according to controllability; the photovoltaic power generation mainly depends on the natural environment, has randomness and volatility, belongs to a non-dispatchable unit, has certain predictability, and still has larger prediction error at present; the fuel machine diesel engine unit belongs to a schedulable unit; the electric power in the micro-grid system mainly comes from photovoltaic power generation and then is a diesel generator set; the diesel generating set is used as a standby power supply or power supplement equipment, has the functions of automatic starting, automatic grid connection, automatic output load adjustment and the like, and realizes automatic switching of single or multiple diesel generating sets in parallel connection and the like so as to ensure the stability of power supply in a coverage area of a micro-grid system; the intelligent management system automatically selects a proper unit to generate power according to the size of the load in the network; when the load in the network changes, the matched unit is automatically started, so that the unit works in a reasonable efficiency area, an uninterrupted power supply is realized, normal production of a factory is guaranteed, and seamless butt joint is realized.
7. The method for intelligently managing the energy of the microgrid system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the intelligent management system is used for carrying out classification management on all loads in an area, and managing the electricity for life, office and production respectively to achieve reasonable scheduling.
8. The method for intelligently managing the energy of the microgrid system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the load of the microgrid coverage area is divided into a common load and a controllable load; the common loads mainly comprise electric equipment with smaller rated power and relatively dispersed power, such as lighting, entrance guards, security protection, communication, elevators and other office electric power and domestic electric power with relatively smaller power; when the solar power is insufficient, the loads are mainly supplied by a storage battery through an inverter, a diesel generator with corresponding capacity is equipped for supplementary power supply, priority is set on electric equipment management, and the loads are classified as controlled loads for domestic electric equipment and production equipment with relatively high power in an area.
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