CN110970632A - Bipolar plate suitable for trapezoidal flow battery and application - Google Patents
Bipolar plate suitable for trapezoidal flow battery and application Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of flow batteries, in particular to a flow battery or electric pile bipolar plate, wherein a trapezoidal flow battery or electric pile refers to a flow battery or electric pile with an electrode being a trapezoidal electrode, and comprises a bipolar plate, and is characterized in that: the bipolar plate is of a trapezoidal flat plate structure, a boss or a groove is arranged in the middle of one side surface or two side surfaces of the flat plate, the section of the boss or the groove, which is parallel to the plane of the plate body, is isosceles trapezoid, the area where the boss or the groove is located is called as a trapezoidal electrode area, a long-strip-shaped groove or a long-strip-shaped protrusion is arranged on the surface of the boss or the bottom surface of the groove, which is far away from the plane of the plate body, of the trapezoidal electrode area, and the section of the long-strip-shaped groove or.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flow batteries, in particular to a flow battery or an electric stack bipolar plate.
Background
The development of renewable energy sources is promoted by energy crisis and environmental problems, and further, the research of energy storage technology is hot. The flow battery technology is one kind of electrochemical energy storage technology, and its active matter is usually dissolved in liquid, and when the battery is operated, the electrolyte solution with dissolved active matter flows through porous electrode under the driving action of pump to produce electrochemical reaction, so as to implement energy storage and release. It usually has the advantages of independent design of energy storage capacity and power, and is widely concerned about for large-scale energy storage application. The flow characteristics of the electrolyte in a flow battery are closely related to the battery performance. Chinese patent (patent application No. 201410495737.5) proposes a novel structure of a trapezoidal stack, which can effectively reduce concentration polarization in an electrode and has high practicability. However, compared with the rectangular battery, the flow velocity of the electrolyte at four corners of the trapezoidal battery is easily too large or too small, which affects the distribution of the active material, and if the current flow guiding structure is adopted, the uniform distribution of the electrolyte is difficult to realize. The bipolar plate in the flow battery mainly plays a role in transferring electrons, but the function of guiding the electrolyte can be realized by reasonably designing the geometric structure of the bipolar plate.
Disclosure of Invention
To the inhomogeneous problem of electrolyte distribution among the trapezoidal flow battery, a neotype flow battery bipolar plate structure is proposed, a structure is simple, high durability and convenient processing, water conservancy diversion quadrilateral structure through designing suitable orientation on bipolar plate, can realize that electrolyte evenly flows in, outflow electrode reaction area, thereby realize the evenly distributed of trapezoidal battery inside electrolyte, alleviate local effect, can realize the regulation and control of electrode compression ratio and need not plus the annex through setting up trapezoidal electrode region and water conservancy diversion quadrilateral structure height or degree of depth simultaneously, effectively reduce contact resistance and battery general polarization, improve the electrolyte utilization ratio, finally promote battery performance, the system cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following specific technical scheme:
a bipolar plate suitable for a trapezoidal flow battery or an electric pile, wherein the trapezoidal flow battery or the electric pile refers to a flow battery or an electric pile with trapezoidal electrodes, and comprises the bipolar plate, and is characterized in that: the bipolar plate is of a flat plate structure, a boss or a groove is arranged in the middle of one side surface or two side surfaces of the flat plate, the section of the boss or the groove, which is parallel to the plane of the plate body, is isosceles trapezoid, the area where the boss or the groove is located is called as a trapezoid electrode area, a long-strip-shaped groove or a long-strip-shaped protrusion is arranged on the surface of the boss or the bottom surface of the groove, which is far away from the plane of the plate body, in the trapezoid electrode area, and the section of the long-strip-shaped groove or.
The design standard of the cell or the electric pile is as follows: two ends of the long strip-shaped groove or the long strip-shaped bulge in the length direction respectively face two bottom edges of the isosceles trapezoid of the trapezoid electrode area. The section of the strip-shaped groove or the strip-shaped bulge parallel to the plane of the plate body is quadrilateral; the extension lines of two waists of an isosceles trapezoid cross section of the trapezoid electrode area, which is positioned on a plane A parallel to the plane of the plate body, intersect at a point B, a straight line passing through the point B and perpendicular to the plane A intersects at a point D with another plane C which is parallel to the plate body and passes through the flow guide quadrilateral structure, and the included angle between a straight line where two longer sides of the quadrilateral cross section of the flow guide quadrilateral structure, which is positioned on the plane C, and a straight line simultaneously passing through any point on the longer sides and the point D is 0-10 degrees, so that the electrolyte flows along the radial direction approximately as shown in the rightmost side of the figure 1, and the distribution uniformity of.
Preferably, the height or depth of the trapezoidal electrode area is 0-100 mm.
Preferably, the width of the guide quadrilateral structure is 0.1-100 mm, and the height or depth is 0.1-100 mm.
Preferably, the width and height/depth of the guide quadrilateral structure are the same, or follow the principle that the width and/or depth/height of the guide quadrilateral structure near the middle point of the two bottom edges of the trapezoidal electrode area are smaller, while the width and/or depth/height of the guide quadrilateral structure far away from the end are larger.
Preferably, the diameter of the electrolyte inflow and outflow port is 0.1-100 mm.
One side of the trapezoid electrode area, which is close to the electrolyte inflow port, is a long trapezoid bottom edge, and the opposite side of the trapezoid electrode area is a short bottom edge; electrolyte inlets and outlets positioned on the same side of the trapezoidal central axis belong to inflow and outflow ports of different-polarity electrolytes; the width of the plate body around the trapezoidal electrode area on the plate body is 1-500 mm; the thickness of the plate body is 0.1-100 mm.
Preferably, the intersections of the corners and the edges inside the flow guide quadrilateral structure are all arc-shaped transitions.
The bipolar plate material provided by the invention can be selected from graphite and other materials, but is not limited to the graphite. The concave-convex structure on the plate body can be formed by mechanical processing, carving, hot pressing and the like, but is not limited to the above.
Compared with the prior art, the bipolar plate structure adopted by the invention is particularly suitable for a trapezoidal flow battery, the uniformity of electrolyte distribution can be greatly improved, so that the uniform and consistent reaction inside the battery and a pile is ensured, the local effect is weakened, the purpose of adjusting the electrode compression ratio can be achieved by adjusting the heights or depths of the trapezoidal electrode area and the flow guide quadrilateral structure without additional parts, the contact resistance and internal polarization are reduced, and the utilization rate of the electrolyte is improved. Especially for a high-power electric pile, the cost can be effectively lowered, and materials can be saved.
The technical scheme of the invention brings beneficial effects
The bipolar plate is simple in structure and convenient to process, and the uniformity of electrolyte distribution is effectively improved by promoting the electrolyte to flow along the radial direction of the sector of the trapezoid, so that the local effect is relieved, and the battery performance is improved. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
according to the basic principle of hydrodynamics, when the electrolyte enters the trapezoidal electrode area from the inlet section, the electrolyte can flow along the direction perpendicular to the inlet section, the electrolyte on the left side and the right side can be obstructed by two waists, so that the flow of the electrolyte is not smooth, a stagnant area with slow electrolyte updating rate and even a dead flowing area are formed, the electrolyte updating rate in the area is slow, the active substances are rapidly reduced along with the reaction, the larger polarization is caused, the voltage efficiency is reduced, the utilization rate of the electrolyte is reduced, and finally the overall performance of the battery is reduced.
According to the design principle of a trapezoid galvanic pile, as shown in fig. 1, relative to a vertical inlet section, when fluid flows along the sector radial direction of the trapezoid, two sides of the fluid cannot generate an obstruction effect, and the fluid is distributed most uniformly, so that a radial concave-convex structure is designed on a bipolar plate, the electrolyte can be promoted to flow along the radial direction to a certain extent, the distribution uniformity of active substances is improved, the polarization is reduced, and the pressure loss is reduced; meanwhile, the electrode compression ratio can be regulated and controlled by regulating the height or the depth of the trapezoidal electrode area and the diversion quadrilateral structure without additional accessories, so that the polarization is reduced, and the performance of the battery is finally improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the flow direction of a fluid in rectangular and trapezoidal flow fields
Fig. 2 is a bipolar plate diagram of a flow battery in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a bipolar plate diagram of a flow battery in example 2.
Fig. 4 is a bipolar plate diagram of a flow battery in example 3.
Fig. 5 is a bipolar plate diagram of a flow battery of example 4.
Fig. 6 is a structure view of a flat plate of comparative example 5 having a trapezoidal electrode area height or depth of 0 and no guide quadrilateral structure.
Description of the symbols:
1-negative electrolyte inflow port, 2-plate body, 3-lower bottom edge of trapezoidal electrode region, 4-trapezoidal electrode region, 5-guide quadrilateral structure, 6-positive electrolyte inflow port, 7-negative electrolyte outflow port, 8-upper bottom edge of trapezoidal electrode region, 9-positive electrolyte outflow port
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, a flow battery bipolar plate. The bipolar plate is formed by pressing graphite and comprises a bipolar plate body 2, wherein a negative electrolyte inflow port 1, a negative electrolyte outflow port 7, a positive electrolyte inflow port 6 and a positive electrolyte outflow port 9 are arranged on the bipolar plate body. Wherein, the negative electrolyte inflow port 1 and the positive electrolyte inflow port 6 are located on the lower bottom edge side of the trapezoid of the plate body, and the negative electrolyte outflow port 7 and the positive electrolyte outflow port 9 are located on the upper bottom edge side of the trapezoid of the plate body. The middle part of the plate body is provided with a trapezoidal electrode area 4 which is an isosceles trapezoid boss, a flow guide quadrilateral structure is arranged in the trapezoidal electrode area, and the quadrilateral structure is a parallelogram boss.
The thickness of the plate body is 8 mm; the negative electrolyte inlet 1, the negative electrolyte outlet 7, the positive electrolyte inlet 6 and the positive electrolyte outlet 9 are all circular and have a diameter of 14 mm; the lower bottom edge of an isosceles trapezoid boss where the trapezoid electrode area is located is 424mm, the upper bottom edge and the height of the isosceles trapezoid boss are both 212mm, and the boss is 1mm high. The height of each parallelogram boss is 1mm, the total number of the parallelogram bosses is 80, the parallelogram bosses are arranged into 4 rows and 20 columns, the longer side of each row of the parallelogram is positioned on the same straight line, and the vertical projection of the straight line passes through the intersection point of the vertical projections of the extension lines of the two waists of the isosceles trapezoid boss; the shorter sides of the parallelograms in the same row are located on the same line, each 3.5mm long, which is parallel to the two bottom sides of the trapezoidal electrode area.
The same boss structures are processed on the two surfaces of the plate body; all the intersection points where the corners exist are in arc transition. The boss on the bipolar plate is formed by mechanical processing and engraving.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, a flow battery bipolar plate. The bipolar plate is formed by pressing graphite and comprises a bipolar plate body 2, wherein a negative electrolyte inflow port 1, a negative electrolyte outflow port 7, a positive electrolyte inflow port 6 and a positive electrolyte outflow port 9 are arranged on the bipolar plate body. Wherein, the negative electrolyte inflow port 1 and the positive electrolyte inflow port 6 are located on the lower bottom edge side of the trapezoid of the plate body, and the negative electrolyte outflow port 7 and the positive electrolyte outflow port 9 are located on the upper bottom edge side of the trapezoid of the plate body. The middle part of the plate body is provided with a trapezoidal electrode area 4 which is an isosceles trapezoid groove, a flow guide quadrilateral structure is arranged in the trapezoidal electrode area, and the quadrilateral structure is a trapezoidal boss.
The thickness of the plate body is 10 mm; the negative electrolyte inlet 1, the negative electrolyte outlet 7, the positive electrolyte inlet 6 and the positive electrolyte outlet 9 are all circular and have a diameter of 14 mm; the lower bottom edge of an isosceles trapezoid boss where the trapezoid electrode area is located is 424mm, the upper bottom edge and the height of the isosceles trapezoid boss are both 212mm, and the boss is 1mm high. The height of the trapezoid bosses is 2mm, 21 bosses are arranged in 2 rows, 10 trapezoid bosses are arranged in one row close to the upper bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove, 11 trapezoid bosses are arranged in one row close to the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove, and the included angle between the line segment formed by the intersection point of any point on the waist of each trapezoid boss and the vertical projection of the extension lines of the two waists of the isosceles trapezoid groove and the straight line of the waist is 2 degrees; the upper base edge of the trapezoidal boss close to one line of the upper base edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove is located on the upper base edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove and is 3.5mm long and 101mm high, the lower base edge of the trapezoidal boss close to one line of the lower base edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove is located on the lower base edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove and is 4.5mm long and 101mm high. The concave-convex structure on the bipolar plate is formed by mechanical processing and carving.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, a flow battery bipolar plate. The bipolar plate is formed by pressing graphite and comprises a bipolar plate body 2, wherein a negative electrolyte inflow port 1, a negative electrolyte outflow port 7, a positive electrolyte inflow port 6 and a positive electrolyte outflow port 9 are arranged on the bipolar plate body. Wherein, the negative electrolyte inflow port 1 and the positive electrolyte inflow port 6 are located on the lower bottom edge side of the trapezoid of the plate body, and the negative electrolyte outflow port 7 and the positive electrolyte outflow port 9 are located on the upper bottom edge side of the trapezoid of the plate body. The middle part of the plate body is provided with a trapezoidal electrode area 4 which is an isosceles trapezoid groove, a flow guide quadrilateral structure is arranged in the trapezoidal electrode area, and the quadrilateral structure is a trapezoidal groove.
The thickness of the plate body is 12 mm; the negative electrolyte inlet 1, the negative electrolyte outlet 7, the positive electrolyte inlet 6 and the positive electrolyte outlet 9 are all circular and have a diameter of 14 mm; the lower bottom edge of an isosceles trapezoid groove in which the trapezoid electrode area is located is 424mm, the upper bottom edge and the height of the isosceles trapezoid groove are both 212mm, and the groove depth is 1 mm. The depth of each trapezoidal groove is 1mm, the number of the trapezoidal grooves is 21, the trapezoidal grooves are arranged into 2 rows, 10 trapezoidal grooves are arranged in one row close to the upper bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoidal groove, 11 trapezoidal grooves are arranged in one row close to the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoidal groove, and the included angle between a line segment formed by the intersection points of the vertical projections of any point on the waist of each trapezoidal groove and the extension lines of the two waists of the isosceles trapezoidal groove and a straight line where the waist is located is 3 degrees; the upper bottom edge of the trapezoidal groove close to one row of the upper bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove is located on the upper bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove and is 3mm long and 168mm high, and the lower bottom edge of the trapezoidal groove close to one row of the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove is located on the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid groove and is 5mm long and 170mm high.
The same groove structure is processed on the two surfaces of the plate body; all the intersection points where the corners exist are in arc transition. The grooves on the bipolar plate are formed by mechanical processing and carving.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 5, a flow battery bipolar plate. The bipolar plate is formed by pressing graphite and comprises a bipolar plate body 2, wherein a negative electrolyte inflow port 1, a negative electrolyte outflow port 7, a positive electrolyte inflow port 6 and a positive electrolyte outflow port 9 are arranged on the bipolar plate body. Wherein, the negative electrolyte inflow port 1 and the positive electrolyte inflow port 6 are located on the lower bottom edge side of the trapezoid of the plate body, and the negative electrolyte outflow port 7 and the positive electrolyte outflow port 9 are located on the upper bottom edge side of the trapezoid of the plate body. The middle part of the plate body is provided with a trapezoidal electrode area 4 which is an isosceles trapezoid boss, a flow guide quadrilateral structure is arranged in the trapezoidal electrode area, and the quadrilateral structure is an approximate trapezoidal groove.
The thickness of the plate body is 9 mm; the negative electrolyte inlet 1, the negative electrolyte outlet 7, the positive electrolyte inlet 6 and the positive electrolyte outlet 9 are all circular and have a diameter of 14 mm; the lower bottom edge of an isosceles trapezoid boss where the trapezoid electrode area is located is 424mm, the upper bottom edge and the height of the isosceles trapezoid boss are both 212mm, and the height of the boss is 2 mm. The depth of each approximately trapezoidal groove is 1.5mm, the total number of the approximately trapezoidal grooves is 14, the approximately trapezoidal grooves are arranged in 1 row, the main part of each groove is trapezoidal, the upper bottom and the lower bottom of each groove are replaced by circular arcs, and a line segment formed by connecting any point on the waist of the approximately trapezoidal groove and the intersection point of the vertical projections of the extension lines of the two waists of the isosceles trapezoid boss coincides with the straight line where the waist is located; the upper bottom edge of the approximately trapezoidal groove is 3mm, the lower bottom edge is 4.5mm, and the height is 175 mm.
All the intersection points where the corners exist are in arc transition. The concave-convex structure on the bipolar plate is formed by mechanical processing and carving.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example was a flat plate having a trapezoidal electrode area height or depth of 0 and no guide quadrilateral structure, as shown in fig. 6. Taking the vanadium redox flow battery as an example, the commercial software package COMSOL Multiphysics is utilized@Carrying out simulation calculation, wherein a mathematical model used for simulation mainly comprises the following steps:
conservation of momentum and continuity equation:
wherein,
and P represents velocity vector and pressure, mu and mu, respectively*Respectively, the intrinsic viscosity and the effective viscosity of the electrolyte, and K represents the permeability of the porous medium (porous electrode) as determined by the Carman-Kozeny equation.
Material conservation equation:
wherein c isiIs the concentration of material i, SiIs a source term in the conservation equation of the material i,
is the effective diffusion coefficient in the porous electrode region.
Boundary conditions and initial conditions:
where the inlet pressure was set to 24000Pa and the outlet pressure was set to 0 Pa.
In the model, the concentration of inlet vanadium ions was correlated to the charge-discharge state (SoC) to eliminate the effect of reaction time. The diffusion flux of all material at the outlet was set to 0, according to the assumption of a well developed flow. The wall boundary is set to 0 flux. The specific expression is as follows:
Carbon felt with thickness of 5mm is used as an electrode and the thickness is 120mA cm-2The results of the simulation calculations for the examples and comparative examples at 90% SoC are shown in the following table:
therefore, the bipolar plate can obviously improve the distribution uniformity of the electrolyte. Thereby reducing polarization, reducing local heat release and improving the utilization rate of the electrolyte.
Claims (5)
1. A bipolar plate suitable for a trapezoidal flow battery or an electric pile, wherein the trapezoidal flow battery or the electric pile refers to a flow battery or an electric pile with trapezoidal electrodes, and comprises the bipolar plate, and is characterized in that: the bipolar plate is of a trapezoidal flat plate structure, a boss or a groove is arranged in the middle of one side surface or two side surfaces of the flat plate, the section of the boss or the groove, which is parallel to the plane of the plate body, is isosceles trapezoid, the area where the boss or the groove is located is called as a trapezoidal electrode area, a long-strip-shaped groove or a long-strip-shaped protrusion is arranged on the surface of the boss or the bottom surface of the groove, which is far away from the plane of the plate body, of the trapezoidal electrode area, and the section of the long-strip-shaped groove or.
2. A bipolar plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
two ends of the long strip-shaped groove or the long strip-shaped bulge in the length direction respectively face two bottom edges of the isosceles trapezoid of the trapezoid electrode area.
3. A bipolar plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the section of the strip-shaped groove or the strip-shaped bulge parallel to the plane of the plate body is quadrilateral; the extension lines of two waists of an isosceles trapezoid cross section of the trapezoid electrode area, which is positioned on a plane A parallel to the plane of the plate body, intersect at a point B, a straight line passing through the point B and perpendicular to the plane A intersects at a point D with another plane C which is parallel to the plate body and passes through the flow guide quadrilateral structure, and the included angle between a straight line where two longer sides of the quadrilateral cross section of the flow guide quadrilateral structure, which is positioned on the plane C, and a straight line passing through any point on the longer sides and the point D is 0-10 degrees.
4. A bipolar plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: 4 through holes which are used as the inflow and outflow ports of the electrolytes of the positive and negative electrodes are arranged on the bipolar plate close to the edge.
5. Use of a bipolar plate according to any of claims 1 to 4 in a trapezoidal flow battery.
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| CN114551911A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-27 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation and application of negative electrode structure for zinc-based flow battery |
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