CN110967743A - Frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method and system - Google Patents
Frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110967743A CN110967743A CN201811140059.5A CN201811140059A CN110967743A CN 110967743 A CN110967743 A CN 110967743A CN 201811140059 A CN201811140059 A CN 201811140059A CN 110967743 A CN110967743 A CN 110967743A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
Abstract
A frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method and system are disclosed, which comprises: acquiring low, medium and high frequency seismic data and corresponding low, medium and high frequency seismic wavelets based on the original seismic data; establishing an inversion initial model; performing low-frequency-band inversion based on the inversion initial model, the low-frequency seismic data and the low-frequency seismic wavelets to obtain a low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result; updating an inversion initial model based on the low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing medium-frequency band inversion to obtain a medium-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result; and updating the inversion model by using the inversion result, and performing high-frequency-band inversion to obtain a final seismic wave impedance inversion result. The method fully excavates the information of the seismic data of different frequency bands, performs inversion from a low frequency band to a high frequency band, has the characteristics of good stability and less resolvability, reveals thin layer information, and provides a key technical means for conventional oil gas and unconventional oil gas prediction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of three-dimensional seismic reservoir prediction and evaluation, in particular to a frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method and system.
Background
The seismic exploration technology is a geophysical method which is widely applied in oil and gas exploration, and the distribution range of an oil and gas reservoir and the physical characteristics of the reservoir are analyzed and predicted by using the changes of parameters such as the speed, amplitude, frequency, phase, waveform and the like of seismic waves propagated in different media. With the continuous promotion of oil and gas exploration and development, the conventional oil and gas exploration is shifted from the original structural oil and gas reservoir searching to lithologic oil and gas reservoirs and hidden oil and gas reservoirs, the unconventional (coal bed gas, shale gas, compact sandstone gas and the like) oil and gas exploration and development is gradually paid attention by people, the seismic inversion is one of effective technologies of reservoir prediction, the seismic wave impedance inversion is an effective technical means for realizing reservoir prediction and hidden oil and gas reservoir identification of the lithologic oil and gas reservoir, and is also a key technology of unconventional dessert seismic prediction.
The model-based wave impedance inversion is the most widely applied technology in seismic wave impedance inversion, well logging data and seismic data are organically combined, good results are obtained in reservoir seismic prediction, but the method is limited by seismic signal bandwidth, the longitudinal resolution of the inversion result is not high, and the method has certain difficulty in fine description of thin-layer oil and gas reservoirs. Aiming at the problems that the conventional wave impedance inversion method based on a model is low in resolution ratio and limited in application in thin-layer oil and gas reservoir identification, a new inversion method needs to be established urgently. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method and system for frequency-division iterative seismic inversion.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method and system, which can decompose seismic data into seismic data of different frequency bands, invert the seismic data from low-frequency band seismic data to high-frequency band seismic data in sequence, update an inversion initial model by impedance of each inversion, perform iteration and finally obtain an inversion result.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for frequency-division iterative seismic inversion is provided. The method may include:
1) acquiring low-frequency seismic data, medium-frequency seismic data and high-frequency seismic data, and corresponding low-frequency seismic wavelets, medium-frequency seismic wavelets and high-frequency seismic wavelets based on the original seismic data;
2) establishing an inversion initial model;
3) performing low-frequency-band inversion based on the inversion initial model, the low-frequency seismic data and the low-frequency seismic wavelets to obtain a low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
4) updating an inversion initial model based on the low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing medium-frequency band inversion by using the medium-frequency seismic data and the medium-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1) to obtain a medium-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
5) updating the inversion model in the step 4) based on the intermediate frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing high-frequency band inversion by using the high-frequency seismic data and the high-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1) to obtain a high-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result as a final seismic wave impedance inversion result.
Preferably, in step 1), the low frequency seismic data, the medium frequency seismic data and the high frequency seismic data are obtained by frequency division filtering of the post-stack seismic data.
Preferably, the low frequency seismic data, the medium frequency seismic data and the high frequency seismic data are obtained by wavelet transform filtering.
Preferably, in step 1), the low-frequency seismic wavelet, the medium-frequency seismic wavelet and the high-frequency seismic wavelet are obtained by statistical wavelet extraction.
Preferably, in step 2), the inversion initial model is established by inverting the seismic interpretation horizon data and the well-calibrated logging data.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for frequency-division iterative seismic inversion having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
step 1: acquiring low-frequency seismic data, medium-frequency seismic data and high-frequency seismic data, and corresponding low-frequency seismic wavelets, medium-frequency seismic wavelets and high-frequency seismic wavelets based on the original seismic data;
step 2: establishing an inversion initial model;
and step 3: performing low-frequency-band inversion based on the inversion initial model, the low-frequency seismic data and the low-frequency seismic wavelets to obtain a low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
and 4, step 4: updating an inversion initial model based on the low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing medium-frequency band inversion by using the medium-frequency seismic data and the medium-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1 to obtain a medium-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
and 5: and updating the inversion model in the step 4 based on the intermediate frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing high-frequency band inversion by using the high-frequency seismic data and the high-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1 to obtain a high-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result as a final seismic wave impedance inversion result.
Preferably, in step 1, the low frequency seismic data, the medium frequency seismic data and the high frequency seismic data are obtained by frequency division filtering of the post-stack seismic data.
Preferably, the low frequency seismic data, the medium frequency seismic data and the high frequency seismic data are obtained by wavelet transform filtering.
Preferably, in step 1, the low frequency seismic wavelet, the medium frequency seismic wavelet and the high frequency seismic wavelet are obtained by statistical wavelet extraction.
Preferably, in step 2), the inversion initial model is established by inverting the seismic interpretation horizon data and the well-calibrated logging data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of decomposing seismic data into seismic data of low, medium and high different frequency bands, sequentially inverting the seismic data of the low frequency band to the seismic data of the high frequency band, updating an inversion initial model by using impedance of each inversion, and iteratively obtaining a final inversion result.
The present invention has other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method according to the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates an initial model of wave impedance inversion according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates low band seismic data according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates mid-band seismic data in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates high band seismic data according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6A illustrates a low-band seismic wavelet in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6B illustrates a mid-range seismic wavelet in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6C illustrates a high-band seismic wavelet according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates the wave impedance of a low band inversion according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 shows the wave impedance of the mid-band inversion according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 illustrates wave impedances for high-band inversion according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method according to the invention.
In this embodiment, a frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method according to the present invention may include:
101, preprocessing three-dimensional original seismic data to obtain low-frequency seismic data, medium-frequency seismic data and high-frequency seismic data, and correspondingly extracting low-frequency seismic wavelets, medium-frequency seismic wavelets and high-frequency seismic wavelets according to the low-frequency seismic data, the medium-frequency seismic data and the high-frequency seismic data;
in one example, the low frequency seismic data, the intermediate frequency seismic data, and the high frequency seismic data are obtained by post-stack seismic data frequency division filtering.
In one example, the low frequency seismic data, the mid frequency seismic data, and the high frequency seismic data are obtained by wavelet transform filtering.
In one example, the low frequency seismic wavelets, the medium frequency seismic wavelets, and the high frequency seismic wavelets are obtained by statistical wavelet extraction.
Step 102, establishing an inversion initial model;
in one example, the inversion initial model ModelInitial is established by inverting seismic interpreted horizon data and well log data from well seismic calibration.
103), based on the inversion initial model established in the step 2), performing low-frequency-band inversion by using the inversion initial model, the low-frequency seismic data and the low-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1) to obtain a low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
specifically, the inversion is performed by the following formula:
Minimize f(ModelInitial,SeisLow,WaveletLow)→InversionLow (1)
wherein SeisLow is low frequency band seismic data; the wavelet low is a seismic wavelet corresponding to low-frequency-band seismic data; InversonLow is seismic wave impedance of inversion, and minimum f (ModelInitial, SeisLow, WaveletLow) indicates that optimization inversion is performed on the basis of inversion of an initial model ModelInitial, low-frequency-band seismic data SeisLow and seismic wavelets WaveletLow corresponding to the low-frequency-band seismic data, so that a seismic wave impedance inversion result InversonLow is obtained.
Step 104, updating an inversion initial model based on the low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing medium-frequency band inversion by using the medium-frequency seismic data and the medium-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 101 to obtain a medium-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
specifically, the inversion initial model is replaced by using the seismic wave impedance inversion result of the low frequency band, the inversion initial model is updated, and then the seismic wavelets corresponding to the seismic data of the middle frequency band and the seismic data of the middle frequency band are inverted to obtain the seismic wave impedance of the middle frequency band.
The update is performed by the following formula:
ModelInitial＝InversionLow (2)
the inversion initial model is updated according to the model initial, and the inversion initial model is replaced by the seismic wave impedance inversion result of the low frequency band, that is, the seismic wave impedance inverted by the low frequency band is used as the initial model of the middle frequency band inversion.
And then carrying out inversion by using an inversion formula of the formula (1) to obtain a seismic wave impedance result InversonMedium of intermediate frequency range inversion.
And 105, updating the inversion model in the step 104 based on the intermediate frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing high-frequency band inversion by using the high-frequency seismic data and the high-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 101 to obtain a high-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result serving as a high-resolution final seismic wave impedance inversion result.
Specifically, the inversion initial model is replaced by the seismic wave impedance inversion result of the middle frequency band, the inversion initial model is updated, then the high frequency band seismic data and the seismic wavelets corresponding to the high frequency band seismic data are inverted, the high frequency band seismic wave impedance is obtained, and the high frequency band seismic wave impedance inversion result is used as the final seismic wave impedance inversion result Inversionhigh.
The update is performed by the following formula:
ModelInitial＝InversionMedium (2)
the inversion initial model is updated by means of model initial, and the inversion initial model is replaced by the inversion result of the seismic wave impedance of the middle frequency band, that is, the seismic wave impedance inversion of the middle frequency band is used as the initial model of the high frequency band inversion.
And then, carrying out inversion by using an inversion formula in the formula (1) to finally obtain the high-frequency-band inversion seismic wave impedance Inversionhigh.
According to the method, the inversion initial model, the seismic data of the low, medium and high frequency bands and the seismic wavelets corresponding to the seismic data of the low, medium and high frequency bands are given, the seismic data of the low, medium and high frequency bands are sequentially inverted, the inversion initial model is updated by the impedance of each inversion, iteration is carried out, and finally a high-resolution inversion result is obtained. The method fully excavates the information of seismic data of different frequency bands, carries out inversion from a low frequency band to a high frequency band, has the characteristics of good stability and less resolution, reveals thin layer information, and provides a key technical means for conventional oil gas and unconventional oil gas prediction.
Application example
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Taking actual three-dimensional seismic data of a certain area as an example, the frequency division iterative wave impedance inversion is carried out by using the method.
As shown in FIG. 2, the wave impedance inversion initial model is obtained by inversion modeling of the seismic interpretation horizon and well-seismic calibrated logging data, and the parameters are 10HZ-15 HZ.
Firstly, frequency division processing is carried out on seismic data on the basis of three-dimensional seismic data, and low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency band seismic data are obtained by utilizing wavelet transform filtering. As shown in fig. 3, the low frequency band seismic data obtained by filtering the original seismic data has a filtering main frequency of 20 HZ; as shown in fig. 4, the medium frequency seismic data obtained by filtering the original seismic data has a filtering main frequency of 30 HZ; as shown in fig. 5, the primary frequency of the filtering is 45HZ for high frequency band seismic data obtained by filtering the raw seismic data.
Secondly, extracting the seismic wavelets of the corresponding frequency bands to obtain the seismic wavelets of the low, medium and high frequency bands. FIG. 6A is a diagram of a low-frequency range seismic wavelet extracted from the seismic data shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 6B shows a mid-range seismic wavelet extracted from the seismic data shown in FIG. 4; as shown in fig. 6C, is a high-band seismic wavelet extracted from the seismic data shown in the figure.
Thirdly, performing seismic inversion on the low-frequency-band seismic shown in the figure 3, the low-frequency-band seismic wavelets shown in the figure 6A and the inversion initial model shown in the figure 2 to obtain a low-frequency-band seismic inversion result shown in the figure 7, performing seismic inversion on the medium-frequency-band seismic data shown in the figure 4 and the medium-frequency-band seismic wavelets shown in the figure 6B by using the low-frequency-band seismic inversion result instead of the inversion initial model to obtain a medium-frequency-band seismic inversion result shown in the figure 8, performing seismic inversion on the high-frequency-band seismic data shown in the figure 5 and the high-frequency-band seismic wavelets shown in the figure 6C by using the medium-frequency-band seismic inversion result instead of the inversion initial model to obtain a high-frequency-band seismic inversion result shown in the figure 9, and taking the high-.
The resolution of the seismic wave impedance inversion result is comprehensively influenced by the main frequency of the seismic data, the inversion initial model and the seismic wavelets, and under the given condition of the inversion initial model, the higher the main frequency of the seismic data and the main frequency of the seismic wavelets are, the higher the longitudinal resolution of the inverted wave impedance is. The low-frequency inversion initial model is more suitable for model-based seismic inversion, and detail information in the iterative optimization process is derived from seismic data information rather than high-frequency components of the inversion initial model, so that the inversion wave impedance multi-solution is small. And continuously correcting the inversion initial model through iterative inversion of seismic data of different frequency bands to finally obtain the wave impedance of high-frequency band inversion, namely, the wave impedance is used as a final inversion result.
According to another aspect of the invention, a system for frequency-division iterative seismic inversion is established, having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
step 1: acquiring low-frequency seismic data, medium-frequency seismic data and high-frequency seismic data, and corresponding low-frequency seismic wavelets, medium-frequency seismic wavelets and high-frequency seismic wavelets based on the original seismic data;
step 2: establishing an inversion initial model;
and step 3: performing low-frequency-band inversion based on the inversion initial model, the low-frequency seismic data and the low-frequency seismic wavelets to obtain a low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
and 4, step 4: updating an inversion initial model based on the low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing medium-frequency band inversion by using the medium-frequency seismic data and the medium-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1 to obtain a medium-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
and 5: and updating the inversion model in the step 4 based on the intermediate frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing high-frequency band inversion by using the high-frequency seismic data and the high-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1 to obtain a high-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result as a final seismic wave impedance inversion result.
In summary, the inversion initial model, the seismic data of the low, medium and high frequency bands and the seismic wavelets corresponding to the seismic data of the low, medium and high frequency bands are given, the seismic data of the low, medium and high frequency bands are sequentially inverted, the inversion initial model is updated by the impedance of each inversion, iteration is performed, and the high-resolution inversion result is finally obtained. The method fully excavates the information of seismic data of different frequency bands, carries out inversion from a low frequency band to a high frequency band, has the characteristics of good stability and less resolution, reveals thin layer information, and provides a key technical means for conventional oil gas and unconventional oil gas prediction.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. A method of frequency-division iterative seismic inversion, comprising:
1) acquiring low-frequency seismic data, medium-frequency seismic data and high-frequency seismic data, and corresponding low-frequency seismic wavelets, medium-frequency seismic wavelets and high-frequency seismic wavelets based on the original seismic data;
2) establishing an inversion initial model;
3) performing low-frequency-band inversion based on the inversion initial model, the low-frequency seismic data and the low-frequency seismic wavelets to obtain a low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
4) updating an inversion initial model based on the low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing medium-frequency band inversion by using the medium-frequency seismic data and the medium-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1) to obtain a medium-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
5) updating the inversion model in the step 4) based on the intermediate frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing high-frequency band inversion by using the high-frequency seismic data and the high-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1) to obtain a high-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result as a final seismic wave impedance inversion result.
2. The frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method of claim 1, wherein in step 1), the low-frequency seismic data, the medium-frequency seismic data, and the high-frequency seismic data are obtained by frequency-division post-filtering of post-stack seismic data.
3. The frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method of claim 2, wherein the low-frequency seismic data, the intermediate-frequency seismic data, and the high-frequency seismic data are obtained by wavelet transform filtering.
4. The frequency division iterative seismic inversion method of claim 1, wherein in step 1), the low frequency seismic wavelets, the intermediate frequency seismic wavelets, and the high frequency seismic wavelets are obtained by statistical wavelet extraction.
5. The frequency-division iterative seismic inversion method of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the inversion initial model is established by inverting seismic interpretation horizon data and well log data calibrated by well.
6. A system for frequency-division iterative seismic inversion having a computer program stored thereon, wherein said program when executed by a processor performs the steps of:
step 1: acquiring low-frequency seismic data, medium-frequency seismic data and high-frequency seismic data, and corresponding low-frequency seismic wavelets, medium-frequency seismic wavelets and high-frequency seismic wavelets based on the original seismic data;
step 2: establishing an inversion initial model;
and step 3: performing low-frequency-band inversion based on the inversion initial model, the low-frequency seismic data and the low-frequency seismic wavelets to obtain a low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
and 4, step 4: updating an inversion initial model based on the low-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing medium-frequency band inversion by using the medium-frequency seismic data and the medium-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1 to obtain a medium-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result;
and 5: and updating the inversion model in the step 4 based on the intermediate frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result, and performing high-frequency band inversion by using the high-frequency seismic data and the high-frequency seismic wavelets obtained in the step 1 to obtain a high-frequency seismic wave impedance inversion result as a final seismic wave impedance inversion result.
7. The frequency-division iterative seismic inversion system of claim 6, wherein in step 1), the low frequency seismic data, the mid frequency seismic data, and the high frequency seismic data are obtained by post-stack seismic data frequency-division filtering.
8. The frequency-division iterative seismic inversion system of claim 7, wherein the low frequency seismic data, the mid frequency seismic data, and the high frequency seismic data are obtained by wavelet transform filtering.
9. The frequency-division iterative seismic inversion system of claim 6, wherein in step 1, low-frequency seismic wavelets, medium-frequency seismic wavelets, and high-frequency seismic wavelets are obtained by statistical wavelet extraction.
10. The frequency-division iterative seismic inversion system of claim 6, wherein in step 2), the inversion initial model is established by inverting seismic interpreted horizon data and well log data calibrated by well.
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