CN106249282B - A kind of frequency domain seismic channel set generation method suitable for AVAF invertings - Google Patents
A kind of frequency domain seismic channel set generation method suitable for AVAF invertings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of frequency domain seismic channel set generation method suitable for AVAF invertings, which is characterized in that includes the following steps：Obtain seismic data；S-transformation is carried out to the seismic data, obtains the S spectrums of seismic data；For inverting Demand Design window function, it is multiplied with S spectrums and integrates again；Fourier inversion is carried out to the result of multiplication, obtains frequency domain trace gather.By the way that seismic channel set to be resolved into the seismic channel set of frequency domain, the shape information in seismic channel set, that is, the information of frequency are made better use of.This enables the AVAF invertings of next step to be realized in frequency domain, it can be shown in frequency domain or shunting collection the data generated simultaneously with method of disclosure, it is more intuitive than conventional frequency division section to divide trace gather, there is shape information so that reservoir prediction and oil and gas prediction are more credible.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of petroleum geophysical exploration, and in particular to a kind of frequency domain earthquake suitable for AVAF invertings
Road set creation method generates the frequency domain seismic channel set for being suitable for AVAF invertings using efficient time frequency analyzing tool.The ground
The concept that trace gather is different from frequency spectrum in time frequency analysis is shaken, is complete seismic channel set.
Background technology
The method that AVAF inversion techniques have been developed in recent years parametric inversion in viscoelastic medium, it is similar to conventional
AVA invertings.What conventional AVA invertings solved is elastic parameter, and AVAF invertings need two viscoelastic parameters of inverting again：P
Wave and S wave attenuation values, this needs to use frequency information, that is, the information of waveform.Conventional frequency splitting technology includes Fourier
Transformation, wavelet transformation, adding window Fourier transformation etc., all there is a common defect, the spectrum for dividing generation does not have for they
There is the information of waveform, while will produce phase wrapping phenomena, this is not suitable for AVAF invertings.
In addition to so common disadvantage, in adding window Fu of conventional Fourier transformation, wavelet transformation and solid timing window
There is also respective defects for leaf transformation.Conventional Fourier transformation (FT) assumes that signal or image are stable, this cannot
It is adapted to analysis non-stationary signal；Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is the time-frequency conversion method that one of which consolidates timing window, no
A rational compromise can be done over time and frequency；Wavelet transformation (WT) introduces multiple dimensioned concept so as to signal
The temporal resolution that high frequency has had when carrying out wavelet decomposition, low frequency have relatively good frequency resolution；However wavelet transformation
It is frequency domain to deposit transform domain no longer, and the only concept of scale；Secondly as the characteristic of wavelet transformation base results in the general of phase
It is local to read in wavelet field.This 2 points need to be contradictory with what AVAF was analyzed.
Invention content
The purpose of the disclosure is to solve above-mentioned problem existing in the prior art, provides a kind of suitable for AVAF invertings
Frequency domain seismic channel set generation method makes better use of earthquake by the way that seismic channel set to be resolved into the seismic channel set of frequency domain
Shape information in trace gather, that is, frequency information.This enables the AVAF invertings of next step to be realized in frequency domain, simultaneously
It can be shown in frequency domain or shunting collection the data generated with method of disclosure, frequency dividing trace gather is cutd open than conventional frequency dividing
Face is more intuitive, has shape information so that reservoir prediction and oil and gas prediction are more credible.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, a kind of frequency domain seismic channel set generation method suitable for AVAF invertings is provided,
It is characterized by comprising the following steps：Obtain seismic data；S-transformation is carried out to the seismic data, obtains the S of seismic data
Spectrum；For inverting Demand Design window function, it is multiplied with S spectrums and integrates again；Fourier inversion is carried out to the result of multiplication, obtains frequency
Rate domain trace gather.
Further, the formula of the S-transformation is as follows：
Wherein τ and v is the time coordinate and frequency coordinate after S-transformation respectively.
Further, since the calculation amount of discrete S-transformation (DST) is very big, because it is not an orthogonal transformation, simultaneously
S-transformation has obtained many redundancies.It is described that the quick S-transformation in finite frequency domain is used to seismic data progress S-transformation
Method selects seismic band to be decomposed as frequency to be treated, then the S-transformation of seismic data can be from the domains α by anti-
Fourier transformation obtains：
Further, described to be directed to inverting Demand Design window function, it is multiplied in the step of integrating again with S spectrums, Gaussian window
Selection depends on seismic data, while being consistent with the Gauss function of inverting wavelet；The number of Gauss function depends on
The frequency number of inverting, when the frequency number of inverting is N, the number of window function is also N.
Described to be directed to inverting Demand Design window function, be multiplied the step of integrating again with S spectrums, specific formula such as following formula：
Wherein S (τ, ν) is the S spectrums of trace gather to be divided, W (ν0,σ2) it is window function, ν0For the means frequency of window function, σ2For
The variance of window function.
Further, the adding window inverse transformation result obtained by formula (3) is exactly the earthquake after the crossover rate finally obtained
The wavelet of trace gather, seismic channel set cooperation frequency domain is adapted for AVAF invertings.
Seismic channel set is transformed to the domains time-frequency domain S by the S-transformation for using formula (1) to define first.In the data to time-frequency domain
When carrying out inversefouriertransform, it is carried out to global integral first on local time domain, has obtained then integrating to obtain in frequency domain progress adding window in formula (3)
Compared to the method for existing all time frequency analysis classes, this method possesses unique advantage, that is, using should
Inventing the obtained seismic channel set of crossover rate has wave character, remain the phase property of seismic wave, this great convenience exists
Frequency time domain dual domain carries out AVAF invertings.The seismic wavelet of the crossover rate of this method cooperation simultaneously is capable of complete inverting crossover rate
Reflectance factor so that the oil reservoir quantitative description estimation in later stage is possibly realized.
The other feature and advantage of the disclosure will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Description of the drawings
Disclosure illustrative embodiments are described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the disclosure above-mentioned and its
Its purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in disclosure illustrative embodiments, identical reference label
Typically represent same parts.
Fig. 1 is the method and step block diagram according to a kind of embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 2 is that S spectrums integrate schematic diagram in the frequency-division section of frequency domain.
Fig. 3 is the frequency seismic channel set of 5Hz.
Fig. 4 is the frequency seismic channel set of 35Hz.
Specific implementation mode
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without the embodiment party that should be illustrated here
Formula is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure is more thorough and complete, and can be by the disclosure
Range is completely communicated to those skilled in the art.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention provides a kind of frequency domain seismic channel set generation side suitable for AVAF invertings
Method, including：Obtain seismic data；S-transformation is carried out to the seismic data and obtains the S spectrums of seismic data；It is set for inverting demand
Window function is counted, is multiplied with S spectrums and integrates again；Fourier inversion is carried out to the result of multiplication, obtains frequency domain trace gather.
Specifically, seismic data g (t) is obtained first.Then S-transformation is carried out to seismic data g (t) and obtains seismic data
S composes S (τ, v).In the present embodiment, the formula of S-transformation direct transform is as follows：
Wherein τ and v is the time coordinate and frequency coordinate after S-transformation respectively.
Since the calculation amount of discrete S-transformation (DST) is very big, because it is not an orthogonal transformation, while S-transformation obtains
Many redundancy.Preferably, in order to improve processing speed, the quick S-transformation in finite frequency domain can be used in present embodiment
Method.Select the frequency in frequency range to be treated to be decomposed, the selection of the frequency range under normal circumstances with earthquake
Frequency band overlaps, then the S-transformation of former seismic data can be obtained from the domains α by inversefouriertransform：
But the S spectrums directly generated with the quick S-transformation in finite frequency domain can not be directly used in AVAF invertings, it is therefore desirable to
Its contravariant is gained into time-domain.If carrying out inverse transformation to single frequency, Gibbs' effect will be generated, time-domain is caused
Seismic signal will produce oscillation, AVAF invertings can not be used for.
The method that present embodiment uses is S spectrums to be multiplied from the Gaussian window of different mean values, then carry out S inverse transformations, energy
Obtain the frequency domain seismic channel set suitable for AVAF invertings.The selection of Gaussian window depend on seismic data, while also need to instead
The Gauss function for drilling wavelet is consistent, and the number of Gauss function depends on the frequency number of inverting, when the frequency of inverting
When number is N, the number of window function is also N.Specific formula such as following formula：
Wherein S (τ, ν) is the S spectrums of trace gather to be divided (seismic data of input), W (ν0,σ2) it is window function, ν0For window letter
Several means frequencies, σ2For the variance of window function.The selection of means frequency depends on the frequency parameter for needing inverting, window function
Variance depends on experience and real data.
The adding window inverse transformation result obtained by formula (3) is exactly the earthquake after the crossover rate that present embodiment finally obtains
The wavelet of trace gather, trace gather cooperation frequency domain can carry out AVAF invertings, and the estimation for subsequent viscoelastic parameters provides input
Data.
Detailed description of the present invention specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.Fig. 1 is according to a kind of embodiment of the disclosure
Method and step block diagram.Following steps can be divided into for each seismic channel set to realize：
Step S101：Input a seismic channel set data g (t).
Step S102：S-transformation is carried out to seismic channel set data g (t) and obtains the S spectrum S (τ, ν) of temporal frequency domain.In this reality
It applies in example, the formula of S-transformation direct transform is as follows：
Wherein τ and v is the time coordinate and frequency coordinate after S-transformation respectively.
As a preferred embodiment, the quick S-transformation in finite frequency domain is carried out to seismic channel set data g (t), selection needs to handle
Frequency range overlapped with seismic band, then from the domains α by inversefouriertransform obtain former seismic channel set data g (t) S become
It changes：
Step S103：For inverting need to design a series of Gauss function and determine window function number (such as with
In the number that the frequency number of inverting is 5 then window functions be also 5), be multiplied by the S of temporal frequency domain respectively with Gauss function
S (τ, ν) is composed, then is integrated.
Wherein S (τ, ν) is the S spectrums of trace gather to be divided, W (ν0,σ2) it is window function, ν0For the means frequency of window function, σ2For
The variance of window function, the wherein selection of means frequency are dependent on the frequency parameter for needing inverting, and the variance of window function is dependent on warp
It tests and real data.
Step S104：Inversefouriertransform is carried out to the result in step 3, has thus been obtained in specific means frequency f0
When frequency trace gather.
Apply the present invention in an actual seismic data, uses the S-transformation that formula (1) defines by seismic channel set first
The domains time-frequency domain S are transformed to, as shown in Fig. 2, this is the spectrogram on certain one time point, in the data volume to time-frequency domain
When carrying out inverse transformation, it is carried out to global integral on local time domain first, has been obtained in formula (3)Then adding window integral is carried out in frequency domain just to obtainIt is shown in Fig. 2
Four Gauss functions (shown in four dotted lines), their areal extents having the same, different means frequencies.
The data after adding window are subjected to Fourier inversion in next step, the seismic channel set of crossover rate have been obtained, such as Fig. 3 and figure
Shown in 4.Fig. 3 illustrates 5Hz frequency dividing seismic datas, it can be seen that 35Hz divides seismic data more in its lineups ratio Fig. 4
Slightly, while when low frequency in deep layer, decaying is smaller, and in the high frequency section of 35Hz, deep energy will be markedly less than surface layer energy,
This shows that this crossover rate seismic channel set generation method not only has the wave character for being suitable for AVAF invertings, also retains earthquake
The natural quality of data decaying.
Disclosed method by by seismic channel set decompose component frequency seismic channel set so that in viscoelastic medium
AVAF invertings are possibly realized.Seismic channel set is transformed to time-frequency domain by the present invention with the quick S-transformation algorithm in finite frequency domain first, by
AVAF invertings are cannot be directly used in the data of time-frequency domain.Then the data of time-frequency domain are multiplied by the Gaussian window letter of a frequency domain
Number, this can not only retain the feature of crossover rate, and high degree reduces Gibbs phenomenon caused by single frequency.Finally lead to
It crosses inverse transformation and obtains the seismic channel set of crossover rate, which remains the phase property of seismic signal, can be used for the anti-of later stage
Drill the qualitative estimation with gas-bearing property.
The presently disclosed embodiments is described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes will be apparent from for the those of ordinary skill in art field.The selection of term used herein, purport
Best explain each embodiment principle, practical application or to market in technology technological improvement, or make the art
Other those of ordinary skill can understand each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of frequency domain seismic channel set generation method suitable for AVAF invertings, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Obtain seismic data；
S-transformation is carried out to the seismic data, obtains the S spectrums of seismic data；
For inverting Demand Design window function, it is multiplied with S spectrums and integrates again；
Fourier inversion is carried out to the result of multiplication, obtains frequency domain trace gather；
Wherein, described to be directed to inverting Demand Design window function, it is multiplied in the step of integrating again with S spectrums, the selection of Gaussian window relies on
It is consistent in seismic data, while with the Gauss function of inverting wavelet；
The number of Gauss function depends on the frequency number of inverting, and when the frequency number of inverting is N, the number of window function is also N；
Wherein, described to be directed to inverting Demand Design window function, be multiplied the step of integrating again with S spectrums, specific formula such as following formula：
Wherein S (τ, ν) is the S spectrums of trace gather to be divided, W (ν0,σ2) it is window function, ν0For the means frequency of window function, σ2For window letter
Several variances, τ and v are the time coordinate and frequency coordinate after S-transformation respectively.
2. the frequency domain seismic channel set generation method according to claim 1 suitable for AVAF invertings, which is characterized in that institute
The formula for stating S-transformation is as follows：
Wherein τ and v is the time coordinate and frequency coordinate after S-transformation respectively.
3. the frequency domain seismic channel set generation method according to claim 1 suitable for AVAF invertings, which is characterized in that institute
It states and S-transformation is carried out to the seismic data uses the quick S-transformation method in finite frequency domain, select seismic band as needing to handle
Frequency decomposed, then the S-transformation of seismic data can be obtained from the domains α by inversefouriertransform：
4. the frequency domain seismic channel set generation method according to claim 1 suitable for AVAF invertings, which is characterized in that logical
It is exactly the seismic channel set after the crossover rate finally obtained, seismic channel set cooperation to cross the adding window inverse transformation result that formula (3) obtains
The wavelet of frequency domain is adapted for AVAF invertings.
5. the frequency domain seismic channel set generation method according to claim 2 suitable for AVAF invertings, which is characterized in that first
Seismic channel set is transformed to the domains time-frequency domain S by the S-transformation for first formula (1) being used to define.
6. the frequency domain seismic channel set generation method according to claim 3 suitable for AVAF invertings, which is characterized in that
When carrying out inversefouriertransform to the data of time-frequency domain, it is carried out to global integral on local time domain first, has obtained public affairs
In formula (3)Then adding window is carried out in frequency domain to integrate to obtain
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| CN109270573B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-01-31 | 同济大学 | fast frequency and amplitude preserving S conversion method |
| CN109884699A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Beach dam method for predicting reservoir based on super complete wavelet base adjacent objects function method |
| CN112558151A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-03-26 | 同济大学 | AVA waveform simulation method and system in attenuation medium |
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