CN110966951A - Testing device and testing method for simulating submarine landslide impact structure - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for simulating submarine landslide impact structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device and a test method for simulating a landslide impact structure, which are mainly used for researching the impact action and the damage effect of the structure after the landslide of the sea bottom is damaged unstably. The invention fully reduces the actual damage phenomena of quick start and water slip migration of the submarine landslide, fully considers the influence of the distance between the structure and the submarine landslide on the impact effect, realizes a physical model test device of the submarine landslide impact structure with adjustable distance, and avoids the defects of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering tests, in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating a submarine landslide impact structure, which are mainly used for researching the impact characteristics and the damage effect on a marine engineering structure after the submarine landslide is unstably damaged.
Background
Landslide on the sea floor is a major manifestation of marine geological disasters. The construction and operation of a drilling platform, a submarine optical cable, a wind power pile foundation and a port and wharf are directly influenced by the submarine landslide, frequent or sudden submarine landslide geological disasters in offshore sea areas seriously influence the engineering construction of offshore economic zones, and restrict the comprehensive promotion of offshore silk roads in China. The submarine landslide has special environment, complex cause mechanism and unique damage mode, has obvious specificity compared with land landslide, and has the characteristics of large landslide volume, long sliding distance, obvious water-sliding effect in the sliding process and the like. After the landslide on the sea bottom is damaged, a huge impact effect is exerted on the engineering structure in the influence range of the landslide on the sea bottom, and the instability and the damage of the engineering structure are caused. In recent years, with the vigorous advance of ocean engineering construction in China, the problem of engineering disasters induced by landslide on the seabed is more and more prominent. Because the relevant research on the submarine landslide is late to start, few in means, high in difficulty and the like, the research on the influence of the submarine landslide on engineering structures at present is seriously lagged behind the construction practice of ocean engineering.
In recent years, some scholars research the impact effect on engineering structures after the landslide of the sea bottom is unstable by adopting theoretical calculation and numerical simulation methods, but the degree of matching between the research result and the engineering reality is low due to the limitation of more hypothesis. The physical model test is the most intuitive and reliable means for researching the submarine landslide impact engineering structure at the present stage, but no mature submarine landslide impact structure test device is available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem firstly to provide a test device for simulating a submarine landslide impact structure, which can facilitate visual observation and research on the impact action and the damage effect of the structure after the instability of the developed submarine landslide is damaged. The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a test device of simulation seabed landslide impact structure thing which characterized in that: the soil bin test system comprises a frame system, a lifting system, a soil bin system and a test system; the lifting system, the soil bin system and the testing system are all arranged in the frame system, and the frame system provides support protection and test space for the whole device and forms a box body for containing water; the lifting system realizes the adjustment of any angle of the slide way within a certain range through the combination of the jack and the slide plate; the soil bin system realizes the storage and release of the landslide object substance through the combination of the soil storage bin and the opening and closing door, and the upper end of the sliding plate is hinged with the soil storage bin; the testing system is located in front of the bottom end of the sliding plate, and the adjustment of the distance of the structure and the testing of the strain process are achieved through the sliding block and the distributed optical fiber sensor.
While adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention can also adopt or combine the following further technical schemes:
the frame system comprises upright posts, a bottom plate, longitudinal glass, transverse glass and a bottom plate beam, wherein the upright posts and the bottom plate form a main body frame of the whole testing device; the longitudinal glass and the transverse glass are arranged among the four upright posts, are used for realizing water separation and observation in a landslide process and are combined with the bottom plate to form a water containing box body; the bottom plate beam is fixedly connected onto the bottom plate and used for installing the lifting system and the testing system.
The lifting system comprises a bottom plate beam cross shaft, a bottom plate beam supporting hinge, a supporting jack base, a supporting jack, a box bottom supporting hinge, a lifting jack base, a lifting jack, a jack cross shaft, a jack supporting hinge, a pull rod base, a pull rod supporting hinge, a triangular plate cross shaft, a triangular plate supporting hinge, a sliding plate top hinge, a sliding plate supporting beam and a sliding plate supporting beam bottom hinge, wherein the supporting jack base, the supporting jack and the box bottom supporting hinge form the lifting device of the soil bin system and are used for being connected with the soil bin system and a bottom plate of the frame system to realize the lifting and inclination angle adjustment of the soil bin system in the test process.
The lifting system comprises a lifting jack base, a lifting jack, a jack cross shaft, a jack support hinge, a pull rod base, a pull rod support hinge, a triangular plate cross shaft and a triangular plate support hinge, and the lifting jack base, the lifting jack cross shaft, the jack support hinge, the pull rod base, the pull rod support hinge, the triangular plate cross shaft and the triangular plate support hinge form a lifting device of the sliding plate, and the lifting jack.
The sliding plate top hinge of the lifting system is used for connecting the sliding plate and the soil bin system and realizing that the soil bin system can rotate along the sliding plate top hinge.
The bottom plate beam cross shaft, the bottom plate beam supporting hinge, the sliding plate supporting beam top hinge, the sliding plate supporting beam and the sliding plate supporting beam bottom hinge of the lifting system form a sliding plate supporting device which is used for realizing the connection between the sliding plate and the bottom plate beam of the frame system, so that the sliding plate can rotate along the sliding plate supporting beam bottom hinge under the action of the lifting device of the sliding plate.
The soil bin system comprises a soil storage bin, a soil storage bin opening and closing door, an opening and closing door rotating shaft, an opening and closing door spring, an opening and closing door bolt and an opening and closing pull rope, wherein the soil storage bin is of a cubic hollow structure with two open sides, one open side faces upwards, and the other open side faces towards the sliding direction of the simulated landslide body; the soil storage bin opening and closing door is of a plate-shaped structure with supporting beams extending out from two ends, the supporting beams extending out from two ends are rotatably connected to the soil storage bin through the opening and closing door rotating shaft, the soil storage bin opening and closing door can rotate along the opening and closing door rotating shaft, the soil storage bin opening and closing door and the soil storage bin form a cubic hollow structure with a single side opened, the cubic hollow structure is used for storing soil simulating a landslide body, and when the soil storage bin opening and closing door is opened, the stored soil can slide out of the soil storage bin downwards along the direction of the soil storage bin opening and closing door; the opening and closing door spring is respectively and fixedly connected with the tail end of a support beam extending out of the two ends of the soil storage bin opening and closing door and the two side walls of the soil storage bin, the opening and closing door spring is in a stretching state when the soil storage bin opening and closing door is closed, and the opening and closing door spring is in a contracting state when the soil storage bin opening and closing door is opened; the opening and closing door bolts are arranged on two side walls of the soil storage bin, and when the soil storage bin opening and closing door is closed, the opening and closing door bolts can be inserted below the tail ends of the supporting beams extending out of two ends of the soil storage bin opening and closing door, so that the soil storage bin opening and closing door is kept in a closed state; the opening and closing pull rope is connected to the opening and closing bolt, and when the opening and closing pull rope is pulled, the opening and closing bolt is opened, so that the soil storage bin opening and closing door can be quickly opened under the action of the opening and closing door spring.
The test system comprises the slide filler, the movable sliding block, the simulation structure and the distributed optical fiber sensor, and the slide filler is used for filling a gap part outside the sliding plate of the lifting system and the movable sliding block of the test system, so that the whole slide is smooth; the movable sliding blocks are arranged in the middle of the slideway filler, and each movable sliding block can be taken out of, loaded into or moved back and forth along the slideway direction; the simulation structure is vertically and fixedly connected to any one of the movable sliding blocks, and the movable sliding block fixedly connected with the simulation structure can be adjusted to a specific position; the distributed optical fiber sensor is adhered to the surface of the simulation structure and used for testing the distribution and change rule of the strain of the simulation structure in the process of impact of the landslide body.
The invention also aims to provide a test method for simulating the landslide impact on the structure on the seabed, which is used for researching the impact action and the damage effect on the structure after the landslide is destabilized and damaged on the seabed. Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
(1) preparing soil materials: mixing ISO standard sand, high-sensitivity clay and bentonite uniformly according to a certain mixing proportion, adding water and fully stirring; closing the opening and closing door of the soil storage bin, inserting an opening and closing door bolt, filling the prepared soil into the soil storage bin layer by layer, and covering a layer of preservative film on the upper surface of the soil after filling;
(2) and (3) structural arrangement: sticking the distributed optical fiber sensor along the length direction of the simulation structure by using epoxy resin; fixing the simulation structure adhered with the distributed optical fiber sensor on a movable sliding block, adjusting the movable sliding block to a preset position according to test requirements, and then filling other movable sliding blocks to fix the positions of all the movable sliding blocks;
(3) adjusting a slideway: starting a jacking jack and a supporting jack in the lifting system, slowly lifting the soil bin system and the sliding plate, and stopping the operation of the jacking jack when the sliding plate is lifted to a preset inclination angle; keeping the supporting jack to continue working, and stopping the supporting jack when the soil storage bin is adjusted to a preset inclination angle;
(4) preparing water injection: injecting water into the frame system, controlling the water injection rate when the water level is in contact with the soil bin system, thereby avoiding disturbance influence of the water injection process on soil materials in the soil bin system, stopping injecting water after the water level reaches a preset height, slowly uncovering the preservative film above the soil materials in the soil storage bin, and standing;
(5) landslide simulation: pulling the opening and closing pull rope, pulling out the opening and closing door bolt, and quickly opening the soil storage bin opening and closing door under the action of the opening and closing door spring so that soil in the soil storage bin starts landslide under the action of self weight; starting the distributed optical fiber sensor while pulling the opening and closing pull rope to start monitoring the strain distribution on the structure and the change process of the strain distribution along with time;
(6) and (3) data analysis: setting a strain-position coordinate system, taking the strain amount before the start of the simulated landslide as a 0 point of an x axis of a strain coordinate, and taking the sliding direction of the landslide as the positive direction of the x axis of the strain coordinate; taking a contact point of the bottom of the simulation structure and the movable sliding block as a 0 point of a position coordinate y axis, and taking a vertical upward direction as a positive direction of the position coordinate y axis; according to the monitoring data, a strain-position curve is drawn by taking a set time length as a time interval, and the maximum strain epsilon (t) of each time interval point is determined according to the curvei) And the corresponding position y (t)i)；
All maximum strains ε (t) were investigatedi) The array can be used for analyzing the change rule of the maximum strain value on the simulation structure along with time under the influence of the landslide impact of the sea bottom; all corresponding positions y (t) are investigatedi) And (3) sequencing, namely analyzing the change rule of the position with the maximum strain on the simulation structure along with time under the action of the seabed landslide.
(7) The test was repeated: according to the test requirements, the soil material mixing ratio can be changed, the structural material mechanical characteristics can be simulated, the influence factors such as the distance between a structural object and the landslide and the inclination angle of the slide way can be simulated, the test can be repeatedly carried out again according to the steps (1) to (6), and the impact effect of the submarine landslide on the structural object can be researched.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the physical model tester for simulating the submarine landslide impact structure is realized, the defect that the theoretical calculation and the numerical simulation deviate from the actual situation due to excessive assumptions is overcome, and the landslide impact structure simulation and data analysis under various working conditions can be carried out based on the actual characteristics of ocean engineering;
2. the inclination angle of the soil storage bin can be adjusted within a certain range, and the opening and closing door of the soil storage bin can be quickly opened in a short time, so that the simulation experiment meets the actual condition of quick start of the seabed landslide;
3. the distance between the simulation structure and the seabed landslide is adjustable by moving the sliding block, so that the research on the attenuation process of the impact effect of the seabed landslide along with the increase of the distance can be developed, and the distance for avoiding the seabed landslide by the actual ocean engineering can be determined;
4. the strain distribution of the simulation structure and the change rule of the simulation structure along with time in the process of submarine landslide impact are monitored by adopting a distributed optical fiber sensor, and the change rule of the maximum strain value on the simulation structure along with time and the change rule of the position of the maximum strain on the simulation structure along with time under the submarine landslide impact action can be obtained through calculation, so that a basis is provided for the design of the ocean engineering structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a test rig simulating a sea floor landslide impact structure.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a test rig simulating a landslide impact structure on the sea floor.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of a test rig simulating a sea floor landslide impact structure.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 2.
FIG. 6 shows the maximum strain ε (t) at different time intervalsi) And the corresponding position y (t)i) The corresponding relationship is shown schematically.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1: a column; 2: a base plate; 3: longitudinal glass; 4: transverse glass; 5: a floor beam; 6: a bottom plate beam cross shaft; 7: a floor beam support hinge; 8: supporting a jack base; 9: supporting the jack; 10: a box bottom supporting hinge; 11: a jacking jack base; 12: a jacking jack; 13: a jack cross shaft; 14: a jack support hinge; 15: a pull rod base; 16: a pull rod; 17: a pull rod support hinge; 18: a set square; 19: a set square cross shaft; 20: a triangular plate supporting hinge; 21: a slide plate; 22: the sliding plate is hinged; 23: a sliding plate supporting beam is hinged; 24: a skateboard support beam; 25: a sliding plate supporting beam bottom hinge; 26: a soil storage bin; 27: the soil storage bin is opened and closed; 28: a door opening and closing rotating shaft; 29: a door opening and closing spring; 30: a door opening and closing bolt; 31: opening and closing the pull rope; 32: a chute filler; 33: moving the slide block; 34: simulating a structure; 35: a distributed optical fiber sensor.
Detailed Description
Reference is made to the accompanying drawings. The invention provides a test device for simulating a submarine landslide impact structure, which comprises a frame system, a lifting system, a soil bin system and a test system, wherein the lifting system, the soil bin system and the test system are all arranged in the frame system, and the frame system provides support protection and a test space for the whole device; the lifting system realizes the adjustment of any angle of the slide way within a certain range through the combination of the jacking jack 12 and the sliding plate 21; the soil bin system realizes the storage and release of landslide substance through the combination of the soil storage bin 26 and the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27; the test system realizes the adjustment of the distance of the structure and the test of the strain process through the movable sliding block 33 and the distributed optical fiber sensor 35.
The frame system comprises an upright post 1, a bottom plate 2, longitudinal glass 3, transverse glass 4 and a bottom plate beam 5, wherein the upright post 1 and the bottom plate 2 form a main body frame of the whole testing device; the longitudinal glass 3 and the transverse glass 4 are arranged among the four upright posts and are used for realizing water separation and observation of a landslide process; the bottom plate beam 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 2 and used for installing the lifting system and the testing system.
The lifting system comprises a bottom plate beam transverse shaft 6, a bottom plate beam supporting hinge 7, a supporting jack base 8, a supporting jack 9, a box bottom supporting hinge 10, a lifting jack base 11, a lifting jack 12, a jack transverse shaft 13, a jack supporting hinge 14, a pull rod base 15, a pull rod 16, a pull rod supporting hinge 17, a triangular plate 18, a triangular plate transverse shaft 19, a triangular plate supporting hinge 20, a sliding plate 21, a sliding plate top hinge 22, a sliding plate supporting beam top hinge 23, a sliding plate supporting beam 24 and a sliding plate supporting beam bottom hinge 25, wherein the supporting jack base 8, the supporting jack 9 and the box bottom supporting hinge 10 form a lifting device of the soil bin system, and the lifting device is used for connecting the soil bin system and a bottom plate 2 of the frame system to realize lifting and inclination angle adjustment of the soil bin system in the test process.
The lifting system comprises a lifting jack base 11, a lifting jack 12, a jack cross shaft 13, jack support hinges 14, a pull rod base 15, a pull rod 16, pull rod support hinges 17, a triangular plate 18, a triangular plate cross shaft 19 and triangular plate support hinges 20, and the lifting device of the sliding plate 21 can realize the lifting and inclination angle adjustment of the sliding plate 21 in the test process.
The sliding plate top hinge 22 of the lifting system is used for connecting the sliding plate 21 and the soil bin system, so that the soil bin system can rotate along the sliding plate top hinge 22.
The bottom beam cross shaft 6, the bottom beam support hinge 7, the sliding plate support beam top hinge 23, the sliding plate support beam 24 and the sliding plate support beam bottom hinge 25 of the lifting system constitute a support device of the sliding plate 21 for realizing the connection between the sliding plate 21 and the bottom beam 5 of the frame system, so that the sliding plate 21 can rotate along the sliding plate support beam bottom hinge 25 under the action of the lifting device of the sliding plate 21.
The soil bin system comprises a soil storage bin 26, a soil storage bin opening and closing door 27, an opening and closing door rotating shaft 28, an opening and closing door spring 29, an opening and closing door bolt 30 and an opening and closing pull rope 31, wherein the soil storage bin 26 is of a cubic hollow structure with two open sides, one open side faces upwards, and the other open side faces towards the sliding direction of the simulated landslide body; the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 is of a plate-shaped structure with supporting beams extending out from two ends, the supporting beams extending out from two ends are rotatably connected to the soil storage bin 26 through the opening and closing door rotating shaft 28, the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 can rotate along the opening and closing door rotating shaft 28, when the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 is closed, the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 and the soil storage bin 26 form a cubic hollow structure with a single opening, the cubic hollow structure is used for storing soil materials simulating a landslide body, and when the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 is opened, the stored soil materials can slide downwards from the soil storage bin along the direction of the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27; the opening and closing door spring 29 is respectively fixedly connected with the tail end of a support beam extending from the two ends of the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 and the two side walls of the soil storage bin 26, the opening and closing door spring 29 is in a stretching state when the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 is closed, and the opening and closing door spring 29 is in a contracting state when the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 is opened; the opening and closing door bolts 30 are arranged on two side walls of the soil storage bin 26, and when the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 is closed, the opening and closing door bolts 30 can be inserted below the tail ends of the supporting beams extending out of two ends of the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27, so that the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 is kept in a closed state; the opening and closing pull rope 31 is connected to the opening and closing bolt 30, and when the opening and closing pull rope 31 is pulled, the opening and closing bolt 30 is opened, so that the soil storage bin opening and closing door 27 is quickly opened under the action of the opening and closing door spring 29.
The test system comprises the slide filler 32, the movable sliding block 33, the simulation structure 34 and the distributed optical fiber sensor 35, wherein the slide filler 32 is used for filling a gap part outside the sliding plate 21 of the lifting system and the movable sliding block 33 of the test system, so that the whole slide is smooth; the movable sliding blocks 33 are arranged in the middle of the slideway fillers 32, and each movable sliding block 33 can be taken out, put in or move back and forth along the slideway direction; the simulation structure 34 is vertically fixed on any one of the movable sliding blocks 33, and the movable sliding block 33 fixedly connected with the simulation structure 34 can be adjusted to a specific position; the distributed optical fiber sensor 35 is adhered to the surface of the simulation structure 34 and used for testing the distribution and change rule of the strain of the simulation structure 34 in the process of impact of a landslide body.
The method for developing the test for simulating the submarine landslide impact structure comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing soil materials: mixing ISO standard sand, high-sensitivity clay and bentonite uniformly according to a certain mixing proportion, adding water and fully stirring; closing the opening and closing door of the soil storage bin, inserting an opening and closing door bolt, filling the prepared soil into the soil storage bin layer by layer, and covering a layer of preservative film on the upper surface of the soil after filling;
(2) and (3) structural arrangement: sticking the distributed optical fiber sensor along the length direction of the simulation structure by using epoxy resin; fixing the simulation structure adhered with the distributed optical fiber sensor on a movable sliding block, adjusting the movable sliding block to a preset position according to test requirements, and then filling other movable sliding blocks to fix the positions of all the movable sliding blocks;
(3) adjusting a slideway: starting a jacking jack and a supporting jack in the lifting system, slowly lifting the soil bin system and the sliding plate, and stopping the operation of the jacking jack when the sliding plate is lifted to a preset inclination angle; keeping the supporting jack to continue working, and stopping the supporting jack when the soil storage bin is adjusted to a preset inclination angle;
(4) preparing water injection: injecting water into the frame system, controlling the water injection rate when the water level is in contact with the soil bin system, thereby avoiding disturbance influence of the water injection process on soil materials in the soil bin system, stopping injecting water after the water level reaches a preset height, slowly uncovering the preservative film above the soil materials in the soil storage bin, and standing for 24 hours;
(5) landslide simulation: pulling the opening and closing pull rope, pulling out the opening and closing door bolt, and quickly opening the soil storage bin opening and closing door under the action of the opening and closing door spring so that soil in the soil storage bin starts landslide under the action of self weight; starting the distributed optical fiber sensor while pulling the opening and closing pull rope to start monitoring the strain distribution on the structure and the change process of the strain distribution along with time;
(6) and (3) data analysis: setting strain-position coordinate system to simulate before landslide initiationThe strain amount is 0 point of the x axis of the strain coordinate, and the landslide sliding direction is the positive direction of the x axis of the strain coordinate; taking a contact point of the bottom of the simulation structure and the movable sliding block as a 0 point of a position coordinate y axis, and taking a vertical upward direction as a positive direction of the position coordinate y axis; according to the monitoring data, drawing a strain-position curve at 0.2s time intervals, and determining the maximum strain epsilon (t) of each time interval point according to the curvei) And the corresponding position y (t)i) As shown in the following schematic drawings;
all maximum strains ε (t) were investigatedi) The array can be used for analyzing the change rule of the maximum strain value on the simulation structure along with time under the influence of the landslide impact of the sea bottom; all corresponding positions y (t) are investigatedi) And (3) sequencing, namely analyzing the change rule of the position with the maximum strain on the simulation structure along with time under the action of the seabed landslide.
(7) The test was repeated: according to the test requirements, the soil material mixing ratio can be changed, the structural material mechanical characteristics can be simulated, the influence factors such as the distance between a structural object and the landslide and the inclination angle of the slide way can be simulated, the test can be repeatedly carried out again according to the steps (1) to (6), and the impact effect of the submarine landslide on the structural object can be researched.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a test device of simulation seabed landslide impact structure thing which characterized in that: the soil bin test system comprises a frame system, a lifting system, a soil bin system and a test system; the lifting system, the soil bin system and the testing system are all arranged in the frame system, and the frame system provides support protection and test space for the whole device and forms a box body for containing water; the lifting system realizes the adjustment of any angle of the slide way within a certain range through the combination of the jack and the slide plate; the soil bin system realizes the storage and release of the landslide object substance through the combination of the soil storage bin and the opening and closing door, and the upper end of the sliding plate is hinged with the soil storage bin; the testing system is located in front of the bottom end of the sliding plate, and the adjustment of the distance of the structure and the testing of the strain process are achieved through the sliding block and the distributed optical fiber sensor.
2. A test rig for simulating a landslide impact structure according to claim 1, wherein: the frame system comprises upright posts, a bottom plate, longitudinal glass, transverse glass and a bottom plate beam, wherein the upright posts and the bottom plate form a main body frame of the whole testing device; the longitudinal glass and the transverse glass are arranged among the four upright posts, are used for realizing water separation and observation in a landslide process and are combined with the bottom plate to form a water containing box body; the bottom plate beam is fixedly connected onto the bottom plate and used for installing the lifting system and the testing system.
3. A test rig for simulating a landslide impact structure according to claim 1, wherein: the lifting system comprises a bottom plate beam cross shaft, a bottom plate beam supporting hinge, a supporting jack base, a supporting jack, a box bottom supporting hinge, a lifting jack base, a lifting jack, a jack cross shaft, a jack supporting hinge, a pull rod base, a pull rod supporting hinge, a triangular plate cross shaft, a triangular plate supporting hinge, a sliding plate top hinge, a sliding plate supporting beam and a sliding plate supporting beam bottom hinge, wherein the supporting jack base, the supporting jack and the box bottom supporting hinge form a lifting device of the soil bin system, the lifting device is used for connecting the soil bin system and a bottom plate of the frame system, and lifting and inclination angle adjustment of the soil bin system in the test process are realized; the sliding plate top hinge of the lifting system is used for connecting the sliding plate and the soil bin system and realizing that the soil bin system can rotate along the sliding plate top hinge.
4. A test rig for simulating a landslide impact structure according to claim 3, wherein: the lifting jack base, the lifting jack, the jack cross shaft, the jack support hinge, the pull rod base, the pull rod support hinge, the triangular plate cross shaft and the triangular plate support hinge of the lifting system form a lifting device of the sliding plate, and the lifting device is used for realizing lifting and inclination angle adjustment of the sliding plate in the test process; the bottom plate beam cross shaft, the bottom plate beam supporting hinge, the sliding plate supporting beam top hinge, the sliding plate supporting beam and the sliding plate supporting beam bottom hinge of the lifting system form a sliding plate supporting device which is used for realizing the connection between the sliding plate and the bottom plate beam of the frame system, so that the sliding plate can rotate along the sliding plate supporting beam bottom hinge under the action of the lifting device of the sliding plate.
5. A test rig for simulating a landslide impact structure according to claim 1, wherein: the soil bin system comprises a soil storage bin, a soil storage bin opening and closing door, an opening and closing door rotating shaft, an opening and closing door spring, an opening and closing door bolt and an opening and closing pull rope, wherein the soil storage bin is of a cubic hollow structure with two open sides, one open side faces upwards, and the other open side faces towards the sliding direction of the simulated landslide body; the soil storage bin opening and closing door is of a plate-shaped structure with supporting beams extending out from two sides, the supporting beams extending out from two ends are rotatably connected to the soil storage bin through the opening and closing door rotating shaft, the soil storage bin opening and closing door can rotate along the opening and closing door rotating shaft, the soil storage bin opening and closing door and the soil storage bin form a cubic hollow structure with a single side opened, the cubic hollow structure is used for storing soil simulating a landslide body, and when the soil storage bin opening and closing door is opened, the stored soil can slide out of the soil storage bin downwards along the direction of the soil storage bin opening and closing door; the opening and closing door spring is fixedly connected to the tail end of a support beam extending out of two sides of the soil storage bin opening and closing door and two side walls of the soil storage bin respectively, the opening and closing door spring is in a stretching state when the soil storage bin opening and closing door is closed, and the opening and closing door spring is in a contracting state when the soil storage bin opening and closing door is opened; the opening and closing door bolts are arranged on two side walls of the soil storage bin, and when the soil storage bin opening and closing door is closed, the opening and closing door bolts can be inserted below the tail ends of the supporting beams extending out of two sides of the soil storage bin opening and closing door, so that the opening and closing door is kept in a closed state; the opening and closing pull rope is connected to the opening and closing bolt, and when the opening and closing pull rope is pulled, the opening and closing bolt is opened, so that the soil storage bin opening and closing door can be quickly opened under the action of the opening and closing door spring.
6. A test rig for simulating a landslide impact structure according to claim 1, wherein: the test system comprises the slide filler, the movable sliding block, the simulation structure and the distributed optical fiber sensor, and the slide filler is used for filling a gap part outside the sliding plate of the lifting system and the movable sliding block of the test system, so that the whole slide is smooth; the movable sliding blocks are arranged in the middle of the slideway filler, and each movable sliding block can be taken out of, loaded into or moved back and forth along the slideway direction; the simulation structure is vertically and fixedly connected to any one of the movable sliding blocks, and the movable sliding block fixedly connected with the simulation structure can be adjusted to a specific position; the distributed optical fiber sensor is adhered to the surface of the simulation structure and used for testing the distribution and change rule of the strain of the simulation structure in the process of impact of the landslide body.
7. A test method for simulating a submarine landslide impact structure is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method uses a test device for simulating a submarine landslide impact structure according to any one of claims 1-6, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing soil materials: mixing ISO standard sand, high-sensitivity clay and bentonite uniformly according to a certain mixing proportion, adding water and fully stirring; closing the opening and closing door of the soil storage bin, inserting an opening and closing door bolt, filling the prepared soil into the soil storage bin layer by layer, and covering a layer of preservative film on the upper surface of the soil after filling;
(2) and (3) structural arrangement: sticking the distributed optical fiber sensor along the length direction of the simulation structure by using epoxy resin; fixing the simulation structure adhered with the distributed optical fiber sensor on a movable sliding block, adjusting the movable sliding block to a preset position according to test requirements, and then filling other movable sliding blocks to fix the positions of all the movable sliding blocks;
(3) adjusting a slideway: starting a jacking jack and a supporting jack in the lifting system, slowly lifting the soil bin system and the sliding plate, and stopping the operation of the jacking jack when the sliding plate is lifted to a preset inclination angle; keeping the supporting jack to continue working, and stopping the supporting jack when the soil storage bin is adjusted to a preset inclination angle;
(4) preparing water injection: injecting water into the frame system, controlling the water injection rate when the water level is in contact with the soil bin system, thereby avoiding disturbance influence of the water injection process on soil materials in the soil bin system, stopping injecting water after the water level reaches a preset height, slowly uncovering the preservative film above the soil materials in the soil storage bin, and standing;
(5) landslide simulation: pulling the opening and closing pull rope, pulling out the opening and closing door bolt, and quickly opening the soil storage bin opening and closing door under the action of the opening and closing door spring so that soil in the soil storage bin starts landslide under the action of self weight; starting the distributed optical fiber sensor while pulling the opening and closing pull rope to start monitoring the strain distribution on the structure and the change process of the strain distribution along with time;
(6) and (3) data analysis: setting a strain-position coordinate system, taking the strain amount before the start of the simulated landslide as a 0 point of an x axis of a strain coordinate, and taking the sliding direction of the landslide as the positive direction of the x axis of the strain coordinate; taking a contact point of the bottom of the simulation structure and the movable sliding block as a 0 point of a position coordinate y axis, and taking a vertical upward direction as a positive direction of the position coordinate y axis; according to the monitoring data, a strain-position curve is drawn by taking a set time length as a time interval, and the maximum strain epsilon (t) of each time interval point is determined according to the curvei) And the corresponding position y (t)i) (ii) a All maximum strains ε (t) were investigatedi) The array can be used for analyzing the change rule of the maximum strain value on the simulation structure along with time under the influence of the landslide impact of the sea bottom; all corresponding positions y (t) are investigatedi) And (3) sequencing, namely analyzing the change rule of the position with the maximum strain on the simulation structure along with time under the action of the seabed landslide.
(7) The test was repeated: according to the test requirements, the soil material mixing ratio can be changed, the structural material mechanical characteristics can be simulated, the influence factors such as the distance between a structural object and the landslide and the inclination angle of the slide way can be simulated, the test can be repeatedly carried out again according to the steps (1) to (6), and the impact effect of the submarine landslide on the structural object can be researched.
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