CN110966588B - Boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system and method based on heat storage - Google Patents
Boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system and method based on heat storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110966588B CN110966588B CN201911328772.7A CN201911328772A CN110966588B CN 110966588 B CN110966588 B CN 110966588B CN 201911328772 A CN201911328772 A CN 201911328772A CN 110966588 B CN110966588 B CN 110966588B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/028—Steam generation using heat accumulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
- F22D11/02—Arrangements of feed-water pumps
- F22D11/06—Arrangements of feed-water pumps for returning condensate to boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L13/00—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught
- F23L13/02—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught pivoted about a single axis but having not other movement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
- F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat storage-based boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system and method. The method for adjusting the heat exchanger and the heat accumulator is adopted, so that the problems of high energy consumption, high emission, poor safety and reliability and the like of the boiler in low-load operation are solved by increasing the boiler load through heat accumulation in the deep peak shaving process, the heat accumulation and heat supply method is used as steam for a steam seal started by the steam turbine, the starting time of the steam turbine is shortened, and meanwhile, the heat supply is participated to improve the economy and flexibility of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a boiler system load regulation and heat storage technology, in particular to a boiler-steam engine load regulation system and a method based on heat storage.
Background
With the continuous development of renewable energy sources and the continuous increase of installed capacity, the intermittent and unstable characteristics of renewable energy source units, and meanwhile, due to the unstable characteristics of user energy demand, the unmatched spears on the energy supply and demand side are increasingly sharp, which brings great challenges to the safety of power grid operation. On the basis of exerting the main load, the peak regulation flexibility of the thermal generator set is improved, and the method has important significance for the operation of a power grid.
Meanwhile, in order to improve the capacity of the unit, especially the large unit, participating in peak shaving, the thermal power plant must have the capacity of deep peak shaving. It should be noted that under the deep peak shaving condition, the load of the boiler is low, which causes various adverse effects such as unstable combustion, reduced combustion efficiency, increased emission, increased coal consumption per unit power generation, and deteriorated system economy and safety. Therefore, how to improve the performance parameters of the boiler side in the deep peak shaving process becomes a challenge for the boiler system. In addition, in addition to the deep peak shaving accident, there are many parameters that can improve the operation efficiency of the boiler during the operation of the boiler, for example, when the boiler load is high, the stable operation of the boiler superheater is important, and the conventional water spray attemperation device can reduce the heat load of the superheater, but has energy waste. Under the condition of ensuring the safety of the superheater, the boiler efficiency can be improved by fully utilizing the heat of temperature reduction of the water spray. In addition, in the process of peak shaving participation of the boiler unit, the cold start time is long, the flexibility of the unit is not facilitated, and the boiler unit can be quickly started by adopting hot start, so that the flexibility of load adjustment of the unit and the economical efficiency of operation of the unit are improved.
Meanwhile, the heat storage and energy storage technology is used as an effective method for adjusting load fluctuation, and the heat storage technology is used for solving the fluctuation problem in the thermodynamic system, so that certain feasibility is achieved. Therefore, how to utilize the heat storage technology to improve the boiler performance of the boiler system in the operation process of deep peak shaving and the like becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to overcome the above problems and to provide a boiler-steam engine load regulation system based on regenerative heat.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system based on heat storage comprises a fan, an adjusting heat exchanger inlet air channel, an adjusting heat exchanger outlet air channel, a heat accumulator outlet low-temperature air channel, a check valve, a primary air channel, an air preheater, a high-temperature superheater inlet steam pipe, a high-temperature superheater, a main steam pipe, a steam turbine, a generator, a steam turbine exhaust steam connecting pipe, a condenser, a main water pump, a main water pipe, a heat storage and water supplementing branch, a heat storage and water supplementing inlet valve, a heat storage steam main pipeline, a heat storage steam outlet valve, a heat storage steam check valve, a steam sealing steam bypass pipe, a heat storage branch, a heat storage and heat supply outlet valve, a heat storage and heat supply check valve, a steam extraction and heat supply main pipeline, a steam extraction;
the boiler body is internally provided with a regulating heat exchanger, an air preheater, a high-temperature superheater and a flue gas flow channel regulator; the adjusting heat exchanger is respectively connected with the fan and the heat accumulator through an adjusting heat exchanger inlet air channel and an adjusting heat exchanger outlet air channel;
the flue gas at the outlet of the heat accumulator is connected with a primary air channel through a low-temperature air channel at the outlet of the heat accumulator, and the primary air channel is connected with an air preheater; a check valve is arranged on the low-temperature air duct at the outlet of the heat accumulator; a flue gas flow channel regulator for changing the flow direction of flue gas is arranged below the regulating heat exchanger; the high-temperature superheater inlet steam pipe is connected with the high-temperature superheater, the main steam pipe and the steam turbine in sequence; the steam turbine is connected with the generator; the steam turbine is connected with the condenser through a steam turbine exhaust steam connecting pipe, the condenser is connected with the main water pipe, and the main water pipe is provided with a main water pump; the main water pipe is connected with a heat storage and water supplement branch, the heat storage and water supplement branch is sequentially connected with the heat accumulator and the heat storage steam main path, and the heat storage steam main path is connected with the steam turbine after being connected with the steam seal steam bypass pipe in parallel; a heat storage and water supplement inlet valve is arranged on the heat storage and water supplement branch path, and a heat storage steam outlet valve and a heat storage steam check valve are arranged on the heat storage steam main path; the heat storage steam main road is connected with the steam extraction and heat supply main road at the position at the upstream of the heat storage steam outlet valve through a bypass heat storage and heat supply branch road, and the heat storage and heat supply branch road is provided with a heat storage and heat supply inlet valve and a heat storage and heat supply check valve; the steam turbine is connected with the steam extraction heat supply main path and the heat user in sequence, and the steam extraction heat supply main path is provided with a steam extraction heat supply outlet valve and a steam extraction heat supply check valve.
Preferably, the flue gas flow channel regulator comprises a plurality of guide vanes), a supporting fixed end), a rotating shaft) and a transmission connecting rod; each guide vane is arranged on the corresponding rotating shaft and is fixed by a supporting fixed end, and the transmission connecting rod is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft corresponding to each guide vane; all the guide vanes are arranged in parallel and rotate synchronously; the flue gas flow channel regulator is positioned on a flue gas flow channel below the regulating heat exchanger, and the rotating angles of all guide vanes should meet the following requirements: at least one full-closed state exists to enable the flue gas to bypass the adjusting heat exchanger and directly flow into the high-temperature superheater, and at least another full-open state exists to enable the flue gas to sequentially flow into the adjusting heat exchanger and the high-temperature superheater.
Preferably, the heat accumulator comprises a high-temperature heat accumulator and also comprises a cascade heat accumulator combining a heat preservation heat accumulator and a medium-low temperature heat accumulator; the heat storage material in the high-temperature heat accumulator comprises fused salt, graphite, concrete, cast iron and a mixture thereof, and the heat storage material in the medium-low temperature heat accumulator comprises sugar alcohols, paraffin phase-change materials and a mixture thereof.
A load adjusting method based on the heat storage-based boiler-steam engine load adjusting system comprises four working states of a heat storage adjusting process under low load, a heat storage adjusting process under overload load, a heat storage and supply steam engine starting adjusting process and a heat storage and supply adjusting process:
heat storage regulation process under low load:
when the unit is in the deep peak regulation instruction process, the load of the steam turbine is reduced, at the moment, the load of the boiler is regulated to be higher than the load of the steam turbine, the boiler flue gas can sequentially flow into the regulating heat exchanger and the high-temperature superheater for heat exchange by regulating the guide vanes of the flue gas flow channel regulator to be in a fully open state; air is blown in through a fan and enters the adjusting heat exchanger through an inlet air channel of the adjusting heat exchanger for heat exchange, the heat-exchanged air enters the heat accumulator through an outlet air channel of the adjusting heat exchanger, high-grade heat energy exchanged by the heat-exchanged air from boiler flue gas is stored in the heat accumulator, and the heat-released low-temperature air enters a primary air channel through an outlet low-temperature air channel of the heat accumulator, so that the purpose of preheating primary air temperature is achieved; the load of the boiler is increased by adjusting the heat exchange process of the heat exchanger and the heat storage process of the heat accumulator, and the adjustment elasticity of the boiler to the load change of a steam turbine and the efficiency of the boiler are improved;
when the load of the steam turbine is increased and the heat storage of the heat accumulator reaches the set heat storage amount, adjusting a guide vane of a flue gas flow channel adjuster to enable the guide vane to be in a fully closed state, directly flowing boiler flue gas into a high-temperature superheater for heat exchange, completing the heat storage adjusting process, and enabling the boiler to enter the conventional working condition for operation;
the heat storage regulating process under overload load:
when the temperature of the flue gas entering the inlet of the high-temperature superheater from the outlet of the water-cooled wall is over-high due to over-high boiler load, the guide vanes of the flue gas flow channel regulator are regulated to be in a fully open state, the boiler flue gas firstly flows into the regulating heat exchanger for heat exchange and cooling and then flows into the high-temperature superheater for heat exchange, and the damage of the over-temperature flue gas to the high-temperature superheater is avoided; the fan blows heat exchange air, the heat exchange air enters the adjusting heat exchanger through the inlet air duct of the adjusting heat exchanger and is heated, the heat exchange air enters the heat accumulator through the outlet air duct of the adjusting heat exchanger to exchange heat, high-grade heat energy is stored in the heat accumulator, and the low-temperature air after heat release enters the primary air duct through the outlet low-temperature air duct of the heat accumulator, so that the purpose of preheating the primary air temperature is achieved;
when the temperature of the overheated flue gas returns to normal, the guide vanes of the flue gas flow channel regulator are regulated to be in a fully closed state, the boiler flue gas directly flows into the high-temperature superheater for heat exchange, the heat storage regulation process is completed, and the boiler enters the normal working condition to operate;
the heat storage and supply steam turbine starts the regulating process:
when the boiler system unit is restarted after being shut down, on the basis that the heat accumulator stores certain high-grade heat energy, the heat accumulation water supplement inlet valve and the heat accumulation steam outlet valve are opened, and the heat accumulation heat supply outlet valve is closed; condensed water is pumped out by a main water pump, flows through a main water pipe and a heat storage water replenishing branch, enters a heat storage device for heat exchange to generate high-temperature steam, enters a steam seal steam bypass pipe after being converged with a heat storage steam main pipeline, and finally flows into a steam turbine to serve as steam for steam seal of quick start of the steam turbine;
the heat storage and supply regulation process comprises the following steps:
when the load of the steam extraction and heat supply main road does not meet the heat demand of a heat user, on the basis that the heat accumulator stores certain high-grade heat energy, the heat accumulation and water supplement inlet valve and the heat accumulation and heat supply outlet valve are opened, and the heat accumulation steam outlet valve is closed; the condensed water is pumped out by the main water pump, flows through the main water pipe and the heat storage water replenishing branch circuit, enters the heat accumulator for heat exchange, generates high-temperature steam, and enters the steam extraction heat supply main circuit through the heat storage heat supply branch circuit, so that the heat demand of a heat user is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention combines the heat exchanger regulation and the heat storage, and realizes the purposes of reducing the problems of high energy consumption, high emission, poor safety and reliability and the like of the boiler in low-load operation by increasing the boiler load through the heat storage in the deep peak regulation process.
(2) The invention adopts the adjusting heat exchanger to replace the traditional water spray desuperheater, and simultaneously utilizes the heat accumulator to realize the utilization of the superheated flue gas desuperheating heat energy, thereby improving the heat utilization rate of the boiler.
(3) The invention provides a method for supplying steam generated by a heat accumulator to a steam turbine for hot start, which reduces the start time and improves the operation flexibility and the economical efficiency of a unit.
(4) The invention adopts the heat accumulator and the primary air preheating method, realizes the cascade utilization of the high-grade heat energy of the overheated high-temperature flue gas, and improves the energy utilization efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a regenerative-start-up-heating system based on regenerative boiler steam turbine load regulation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a regenerative-start operating condition of a regenerative boiler steam turbine load regulation based system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of regenerative-heating conditions for a regenerative boiler steam turbine load regulation based system;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a flue gas flow path regulator operational adjustment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a flue gas flow channel regulator configuration.
In the figure: the system comprises a fan 1, an adjusting heat exchanger inlet air duct 2, an adjusting heat exchanger 3, an adjusting heat exchanger outlet air duct 4, a heat accumulator 5, a heat accumulator outlet low-temperature air duct 6, a check valve 7, a primary air duct 8, an air preheater 9, a high-temperature superheater inlet steam pipe 10, a high-temperature superheater 11, a main steam pipe 12, a steam turbine 13, a generator 14, a steam turbine exhaust steam connecting pipe 15, a condenser 16, a main water pump 17, a main water pipe 18, a heat storage and water supplementing branch 19, a heat storage and water supplementing inlet valve 20, a heat storage steam main pipeline 21, a heat storage steam outlet valve 22, a heat storage steam check valve 23, a steam seal steam bypass pipe 24, a heat storage and heat supply branch 25, a heat storage and heat supply outlet valve 26, a heat storage and heat supply check valve 27, a steam extraction and heat supply main pipeline 28, a steam, Support fixed end 332, pivot shaft 333), drive link 334.
The arrows on the pipes in the figure indicate the medium flow direction in the pipes.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, a heat storage based boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system comprises a fan 1, an adjusting heat exchanger inlet air duct 2, an adjusting heat exchanger 3, an adjusting heat exchanger outlet air duct 4, a heat accumulator 5, a heat accumulator outlet low-temperature air duct 6, a check valve 7, a primary air duct 8, an air preheater 9, a high-temperature superheater inlet steam duct 10, a high-temperature superheater 11, a main steam duct 12, a steam turbine 13, a generator 14, a steam turbine exhaust steam connecting pipe 15, a condenser 16, a main water pump 17, a main water pipe 18, a heat storage water supplementing branch 19, a heat storage water supplementing inlet valve 20, a heat storage steam main pipeline 21, a heat storage steam outlet valve 22, a heat storage steam check valve 23, a steam seal steam pipe 24, a heat storage heat supply branch pipeline 25, a heat storage outlet valve 26, a heat storage heat supply check valve 27, a steam extraction heat supply main, A heat consumer 31, a boiler body 32, a flue gas flow regulator 33.
The boiler body 32 is internally provided with a regulating heat exchanger 3, an air preheater 9, a high-temperature superheater 11 and a flue gas flow channel regulator 33. The adjusting heat exchanger 3 is respectively connected with the fan 1 and the heat accumulator 5 through an adjusting heat exchanger inlet air duct 2 and an adjusting heat exchanger outlet air duct 4;
the flue gas at the outlet of the heat accumulator 5 is connected with a primary air channel 8 through a low-temperature air channel 6 at the outlet of the heat accumulator, and the primary air channel 8 is connected with an air preheater 10; a check valve 7 is arranged on the low-temperature air duct 6 at the outlet of the heat accumulator; a flue gas flow channel regulator 33 for changing the flow direction of flue gas is arranged below the regulating heat exchanger 3. The high-temperature superheater inlet steam pipe 10 is connected with a high-temperature superheater 11, a main steam pipe 12 and a steam turbine 13 in sequence. The turbine 13 is connected to a generator 14. The steam turbine 13 is connected with a condenser 16 through a steam turbine exhaust steam connecting pipe 15, the condenser 16 is connected with a main water pipe 18, and a main water pump 17 is arranged on the main water pipe 18. The main water pipe 18 is connected with a heat storage water replenishing branch 19 in a bypass mode, the heat storage water replenishing branch 19 is sequentially connected with the heat accumulator 5 and the heat storage steam main path 21, and the heat storage steam main path 21 is connected with the steam turbine 13 after being connected with the steam seal steam bypass pipe 24 in parallel. The heat storage water charging branch 19 is provided with a heat storage water charging inlet valve 20, and the heat storage steam main path 21 is provided with a heat storage steam outlet valve 22 and a heat storage steam check valve 23. The heat storage steam main path 21 is connected with the steam extraction heat supply main path 28 through a bypass heat storage heat supply branch 25, and a heat storage heat supply inlet valve 26 and a heat storage heat supply check valve 27 are arranged on the heat storage heat supply branch 25. The steam turbine 13 is connected with a main extraction and heat supply path 28 and a heat consumer 31 in sequence, and the main extraction and heat supply path 28 is provided with an extraction and heat supply outlet valve 29 and an extraction and heat supply check valve 30.
In the invention, the load adjustment in the boiler body 32 is realized by a specific flue gas flow channel regulator 33, and the main function of the flue gas flow channel regulator 33 is to change the flow direction of flue gas discharged from a water wall outlet of the boiler, so that the flue gas can be controllably guided to the regulating heat exchanger 3 or the high-temperature superheater 11. As shown in fig. 5, the flue gas flow path regulator 33 includes a plurality of guide vanes 331, a supporting fixed end 332, a rotating shaft 333 and a transmission link 334. Each guide vane 331 is installed on a corresponding rotation shaft 333, and both ends of the rotation shaft 333 are fixed by support fixing ends 332. The guide vane 331 is rotatable about a rotation shaft 333, and the rotation state is controlled by a transmission link 334. The transmission connecting rod 334 is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft 333 corresponding to each guide vane 331, and the transmission connecting rod 334 can drive the rotating shaft 333 to rotate, so as to drive the guide vanes 331 to rotate. All the guide vanes 331 are disposed in parallel and rotate synchronously under the driving of the transmission link 334. The flue gas flow channel regulator 33 is positioned on the flue gas flow channel below the regulating heat exchanger 3, flue gas discharged from the outlet of the water-cooled wall enters the position of the flue gas flow channel regulator 33 through the flue gas flow channel, and the subsequent flowing direction is changed by the rotating angle of the guide vane 331. To ensure the effectiveness of load adjustment, the rotation angles of all the guide vanes 331 should satisfy: at least one full-closed state exists to enable the flue gas to bypass the regulating heat exchanger 3 and directly flow into the high-temperature superheater 11, and at least another full-open state exists to enable the flue gas to sequentially flow into the regulating heat exchanger 3 and the high-temperature superheater 11. The two states of its regulation are shown in fig. 4. Of course, since the rotation of the guide vanes 331 is continuous, there are other states between the fully closed state and the fully open state in which the flue gas is partially introduced into the conditioning heat exchanger 3 and partially introduced into the high temperature superheater 11, which can be specifically adjusted according to the load adjustment requirement.
The boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system based on heat storage can have four working states of a heat storage adjusting process under low load, a heat storage adjusting process under overload load, a heat storage and heat supply steam turbine starting adjusting process and a heat storage and heat supply adjusting process during load adjustment, and the specific adjusting process can be set and selected according to operation requirements. The specific operation is illustrated by two examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a simplified diagram of the regenerative-based boiler-steam load leveling system shown in FIG. 1, with the non-operating portions removed, is shown in FIG. 3. During load regulation, three working states of a heat storage regulation process under low load, a heat storage regulation process under overload load and a heat storage and supply regulation process are provided, and the specific flow is as follows:
the heat storage regulation process under low load is as follows:
the operation method of the boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system based on heat storage in the deep peak regulation process comprises the following steps: when a deep peak regulation instruction appears in a unit, the steam turbine operates under a low-load working condition, the coal consumption and pollution emission index operation and the environmental protection parameters under the corresponding boiler load obviously deteriorate, at the moment, the boiler load is not reduced according to the load proportion of the steam turbine, the boiler load is kept above the newly set minimum load (higher than the steam turbine load), the boiler flue gas is in a fully-opened state by adjusting the guide vanes 331 of the flue gas flow channel adjuster 33, and the boiler flue gas can sequentially flow into the adjusting heat exchanger 3 and the high-temperature superheater 11 for heat exchange. Air is blown in through a fan 1 and enters an adjusting heat exchanger 3 for heat exchange through an adjusting heat exchanger inlet air channel 2, the air after heat exchange enters a heat accumulator 5 through an adjusting heat exchanger outlet air channel 4, high-grade heat energy exchanged from boiler flue gas of the heat exchange air is stored in the heat accumulator 5, and low-temperature air after heat release enters a primary air channel 8 through a heat accumulator outlet low-temperature air channel 6, so that the purpose of preheating primary air temperature is achieved. The heat exchange process of the heat exchanger 3 and the heat storage process of the heat accumulator 5 are adjusted, the boiler load is increased, the adjustment elasticity of the boiler to the steam turbine load change is improved, and the boiler efficiency is improved.
When the load of the steam turbine is increased and the heat storage of the heat accumulator 5 reaches the set heat storage amount, the guide vane 331 of the flue gas flow channel regulator 33 is regulated to be in a fully closed state, and the boiler flue gas directly flows into the high-temperature superheater 11 for heat exchange. The heat storage adjusting process is completed, and the boiler enters the normal working condition to operate.
The heat storage regulation process under overload load is as follows:
the operation method of the boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system based on heat storage under the working condition of over-temperature of flue gas comprises the following steps: when the boiler is overloaded, and the temperature of the flue gas entering the inlet of the high-temperature superheater from the outlet of the water-cooled wall is over-temperature, the guide vanes 331 of the flue gas flow channel regulator 33 are regulated to be in a fully open state, the boiler flue gas firstly flows into the regulating heat exchanger 3 to carry out heat exchange and cooling, and then flows into the high-temperature superheater 11 to carry out heat exchange, so that the damage of the over-temperature flue gas to the high-temperature superheater is avoided. The fan 1 blows heat exchange air, the heat exchange air enters the adjusting heat exchanger 3 through the adjusting heat exchanger inlet air channel 2 to be heated, then enters the heat accumulator 5 through the adjusting heat exchanger outlet air channel 4 to exchange heat, high-grade heat energy is stored in the heat accumulator, and the low-temperature air after heat release enters the primary air channel 8 through the heat accumulator outlet low-temperature air channel 6 to achieve the purpose of preheating primary air temperature.
When the temperature of the superheated flue gas returns to normal, the guide vanes 331 of the flue gas flow channel regulator 33 are adjusted to be in a fully closed state, and the boiler flue gas directly flows into the high-temperature superheater 11 for heat exchange. The heat storage adjusting process is completed, and the boiler enters the normal working condition to operate.
The heat storage and supply regulation process comprises the following steps:
the operation method of the boiler-steam engine load adjusting system based on heat storage under the working condition of insufficient heat supply comprises the following steps: when the load of the steam extraction and heat supply main path 28 does not meet the heat demand of the heat user 31, the heat storage and water supplement inlet valve 20 and the heat storage and heat supply outlet valve 26 are opened and the heat storage steam outlet valve 22 is closed on the basis that the heat accumulator 5 stores certain high-grade heat energy. The condensed water is pumped out by the main water pump 17, flows through the main water pipe 18 and the heat storage water replenishing branch 19, enters the heat accumulator 5 for heat exchange to generate high-temperature steam, and enters the steam extraction heat supply main path 28 through the heat storage heat supply branch 25 to meet the heat demand of the heat user 31.
Example 2:
in the present embodiment, a simplified diagram of the regenerative-based boiler-steam turbine load control system shown in fig. 1, excluding the non-operating portion, is shown in fig. 2, and the boiler-steam turbine load control system includes a fan 1, a control heat exchanger inlet duct 2, a control heat exchanger 3, a control heat exchanger outlet duct 4, a regenerator 5, a regenerator outlet low-temperature duct 6, a check valve 7, a primary duct 8, an air preheater 9, a high-temperature superheater inlet steam pipe 10, a high-temperature superheater 11, a main steam pipe 12, a steam turbine 13, a generator 14, a steam turbine exhaust steam connecting pipe 15, a condenser 16, a main water pump 17, a main water pipe 18, a regenerative water charging branch pipe 19, a water charging inlet valve 20, a regenerative steam main regenerative heat storage pipe 21, a regenerative steam check valve 23, a steam seal bypass pipe 24, a boiler body 32, and.
The boiler body 32 is internally provided with a regulating heat exchanger 3, an air preheater 9, a high-temperature superheater 11 and a flue gas flow channel regulator 33. The adjusting heat exchanger 3 is sequentially connected with the fan 1 and the heat accumulator 5 through an adjusting heat exchanger inlet air channel 2 and an adjusting heat exchanger outlet air channel 4;
the flue gas at the outlet of the heat accumulator 5 is connected with a primary air channel 8 through a low-temperature air channel 6 at the outlet of the heat accumulator, and the primary air channel 8 is connected with an air preheater 10; a check valve 7 is arranged on the low-temperature air duct 6 at the outlet of the heat accumulator; a flue gas flow channel regulator 33 for changing the flow direction of flue gas is arranged below the regulating heat exchanger 3. The high-temperature superheater inlet steam pipe 10 is connected with a high-temperature superheater 11, a main steam pipe 12 and a steam turbine 13 in sequence. The turbine 13 is connected to a generator 14. The steam turbine 13 is connected with a condenser 16 through a steam turbine exhaust steam connecting pipe 15, the condenser 16 is connected with a main water pipe 18, and a main water pump 17 is arranged on the main water pipe 18. The main water pipe 18 is connected with a heat storage water replenishing branch 19 in a bypass mode, the heat storage water replenishing branch 19 is sequentially connected with the heat accumulator 5 and the heat storage steam main path 21, and the heat storage steam main path 21 is connected with the steam turbine 13 after being connected with the steam seal steam bypass pipe 24 in parallel. The heat storage water replenishing branch 19 is provided with a heat storage water replenishing inlet valve 20, and the heat storage steam main path 21 is provided with a heat storage steam check valve 23.
In the present embodiment, the load adjustment in the boiler body 32 is realized by a specific flue gas flow path regulator 33, and the specific structure of the flue gas flow path regulator 33 is the same as that of embodiment 1, see fig. 4 and 5.
The boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system based on heat storage can have three working states of a heat storage adjusting process under low load, a heat storage adjusting process under overload load and a heat storage and heat supply steam turbine starting adjusting process during load adjustment, and the specific flow is as follows:
the heat storage regulation process under low load is as follows:
the operation process of the boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system based on heat storage in the deep peak regulation process is as follows: when a deep peak regulation instruction appears in a unit, the steam turbine operates under a low-load working condition, the coal consumption and pollution emission index operation and the environmental protection parameters under the corresponding boiler load obviously deteriorate, at the moment, the boiler load is not reduced according to the load proportion of the steam turbine, the boiler load is kept above the newly set minimum load (higher than the steam turbine load), the boiler flue gas is in a fully-opened state by adjusting the guide vanes 331 of the flue gas flow channel adjuster 33, and the boiler flue gas can sequentially flow into the adjusting heat exchanger 3 and the high-temperature superheater 11 for heat exchange. Air is blown in through a fan 1 and enters an adjusting heat exchanger 3 for heat exchange through an adjusting heat exchanger inlet air channel 2, the air after heat exchange enters a heat accumulator 5 through an adjusting heat exchanger outlet air channel 4, high-grade heat energy exchanged from boiler flue gas of the heat exchange air is stored in the heat accumulator 5, and low-temperature air after heat release enters a primary air channel 8 through a heat accumulator outlet low-temperature air channel 6, so that the purpose of preheating primary air temperature is achieved. The heat exchange process of the heat exchanger 3 and the heat storage process of the heat accumulator 5 are adjusted, the boiler load is increased, the adjustment elasticity of the boiler to the steam turbine load change is improved, and the boiler efficiency is improved.
When the load of the steam turbine is increased and the heat storage of the heat accumulator 5 reaches the set heat storage amount, the guide vane 331 of the flue gas flow channel regulator 33 is regulated to be in a fully closed state, and the boiler flue gas directly flows into the high-temperature superheater 11 for heat exchange. The heat storage adjusting process is completed, and the boiler enters the normal working condition to operate.
The heat storage regulation process under overload load is as follows:
the operation process of the boiler-steam turbine load adjusting system based on heat storage under the working condition of over-temperature of flue gas is as follows: when the boiler is overloaded, and the temperature of the flue gas entering the inlet of the high-temperature superheater from the outlet of the water-cooled wall is over-temperature, the guide vanes 331 of the flue gas flow channel regulator 33 are regulated to be in a fully open state, the boiler flue gas firstly flows into the regulating heat exchanger 3 to carry out heat exchange and cooling, and then flows into the high-temperature superheater 11 to carry out heat exchange, so that the damage of the over-temperature flue gas to the high-temperature superheater is avoided. The fan 1 blows heat exchange air, the heat exchange air enters the adjusting heat exchanger 3 through the adjusting heat exchanger inlet air channel 2 to be heated, then enters the heat accumulator 5 through the adjusting heat exchanger outlet air channel 4 to exchange heat, high-grade heat energy is stored in the heat accumulator, and the low-temperature air after heat release enters the primary air channel 8 through the heat accumulator outlet low-temperature air channel 6 to achieve the purpose of preheating primary air temperature.
The starting and adjusting process of the heat storage and supply steam turbine is as follows:
the boiler-steam engine load adjusting system based on heat storage works in the starting process: when the boiler system unit is restarted after being shut down, the heat storage water supplement inlet valve 20 and the heat storage steam outlet valve 22 are opened on the basis that the heat accumulator 5 stores certain high-grade heat energy. The condensed water is pumped out by the main water pump 17, flows through the main water pipe 18 and the heat storage water replenishing branch 19, enters the heat accumulator 5 for heat exchange to generate high-temperature steam, is converged with the heat storage steam main pipeline 21, enters the steam seal steam bypass pipe 24, and finally flows into the steam turbine 13 to be used as steam for steam seal of the steam turbine for quick start.
In the two embodiments, the specific type of the heat accumulator 5 may be determined according to actual needs, and the type may be a high-temperature heat accumulator, or a cascade heat accumulator in which a heat-preserving heat accumulator and a medium-low temperature heat accumulator are combined. The heat storage material in the high-temperature heat accumulator comprises fused salt, graphite, concrete, cast iron and a mixture thereof, and the heat storage material in the medium-low temperature heat accumulator comprises sugar alcohols, paraffin phase-change materials and a mixture thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a boiler-steam turbine load governing system based on heat accumulation, which is characterized in that, including fan (1), adjust heat exchanger entry wind channel (2), adjust heat exchanger (3), adjust heat exchanger export wind channel (4), heat accumulator (5), heat accumulator export low temperature wind channel (6), check valve (7), primary air flue (8), air heater (9), high temperature superheater entry steam pipe (10), high temperature superheater (11), main steam pipe (12), steam turbine (13), generator (14), steam turbine exhaust steam connecting pipe (15), condenser (16), main water pump (17), main water pipe (18), heat accumulation moisturizing branch road (19), moisturizing inlet valve (20), heat accumulation steam main line (21), heat accumulation steam outlet valve (22), heat accumulation steam check valve (23), steam seal steam bypass pipe (24), A heat storage and supply branch (25), a heat storage and supply outlet valve (26), a heat storage and supply check valve (27), a steam extraction and supply main path (28), a steam extraction and supply outlet valve (29), a steam extraction and supply check valve (30), a heat user (31), a boiler body (32) and a flue gas flow channel regulator (33);
a regulating heat exchanger (3), an air preheater (9), a high-temperature superheater (11) and a flue gas flow channel regulator (33) are arranged in the boiler body (32); the adjusting heat exchanger (3) is respectively connected with the fan (1) and the heat accumulator (5) through an adjusting heat exchanger inlet air duct (2) and an adjusting heat exchanger outlet air duct (4);
the flue gas at the outlet of the heat accumulator (5) is connected with a primary air channel (8) through a low-temperature air channel (6) at the outlet of the heat accumulator, and the primary air channel (8) is connected with an air preheater (9); a check valve (7) is arranged on the low-temperature air duct (6) at the outlet of the heat accumulator; a flue gas flow channel regulator (33) for changing the flow direction of flue gas is arranged below the regulating heat exchanger (3); a high-temperature superheater inlet steam pipe (10) is connected with a high-temperature superheater (11), a main steam pipe (12) and a steam turbine (13) in sequence; the steam turbine (13) is connected with the generator (14); the steam turbine (13) is connected with a condenser (16) through a steam turbine exhaust steam connecting pipe (15), the condenser (16) is connected with a main water pipe (18), and a main water pump (17) is arranged on the main water pipe (18); a heat storage water replenishing branch (19) is connected by the main water pipe (18), the heat storage water replenishing branch (19) is sequentially connected with the heat accumulator (5) and the heat storage steam main path (21), and the heat storage steam main path (21) is connected with the steam turbine (13) after being connected with the steam seal steam bypass pipe (24) in parallel; a heat storage water replenishing inlet valve (20) is arranged on the heat storage water replenishing branch (19), and a heat storage steam outlet valve (22) and a heat storage steam check valve (23) are arranged on the heat storage steam main path (21); the heat storage steam main path (21) is connected with the steam extraction and heat supply main path (28) at the position of the upstream of the heat storage steam outlet valve (22) through a bypass heat storage and heat supply branch (25), and the heat storage and heat supply branch (25) is provided with a heat storage and heat supply inlet valve (26) and a heat storage and heat supply check valve (27); the steam turbine (13) is connected with a steam extraction heat supply main path (28) and a heat user (31) in sequence, and the steam extraction heat supply main path (28) is provided with a steam extraction heat supply outlet valve (29) and a steam extraction heat supply check valve (30).
2. The regenerative-based boiler-steam turbine load adjustment system according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas flow path adjuster (33) comprises a plurality of guide vanes (331), a support fixing end (332), a rotating shaft (333), and a transmission link (334); each guide vane (331) is arranged on the corresponding rotating shaft (333) and is fixed by a supporting fixed end (332), and the transmission connecting rod (334) is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft (333) corresponding to each guide vane (331); all the guide vanes (331) are arranged in parallel and rotate synchronously; the flue gas flow channel regulator (33) is positioned on the flue gas flow channel below the regulating heat exchanger (3), and the rotating angles of all the guide vanes (331) should meet the following requirements: at least one full-closed state exists to enable the flue gas to bypass the adjusting heat exchanger (3) and directly flow into the high-temperature superheater (11), and at least another full-open state exists to enable the flue gas to sequentially flow into the adjusting heat exchanger (3) and the high-temperature superheater (11).
3. The regenerative-based boiler-turbine load regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the regenerator (5) comprises a high-temperature regenerator and also a cascade regenerator which is a combination of a thermal regenerator and a medium-low temperature regenerator; the heat storage material in the high-temperature heat accumulator comprises fused salt, graphite, concrete, cast iron and a mixture thereof, and the heat storage material in the medium-low temperature heat accumulator comprises sugar alcohols, paraffin phase-change materials and a mixture thereof.
4. A load regulation method of a heat storage based boiler-steam engine load regulation system according to claim 2, characterized by comprising four operation states of a heat storage regulation process under low load, a heat storage regulation process under overload, a heat storage and supply steam engine start-up regulation process, and a heat storage and supply regulation process:
heat storage regulation process under low load:
when the unit is in the deep peak regulation instruction process, the load of the steam turbine is reduced, at the moment, the load of the boiler is regulated to be higher than the load of the steam turbine, the boiler is in a fully opened state by regulating the guide vanes (331) of the flue gas flow channel regulator (33), and the boiler flue gas can sequentially flow into the regulating heat exchanger (3) and the high-temperature superheater (11) for heat exchange; air is blown in through a fan (1) and enters a regulating heat exchanger (3) through a regulating heat exchanger inlet air channel (2) for heat exchange, the air after heat exchange enters a heat accumulator (5) through a regulating heat exchanger outlet air channel (4), high-grade heat energy exchanged from boiler flue gas of the heat exchange air is stored in the heat accumulator (5), and low-temperature air after heat release enters a primary air channel (8) through a heat accumulator outlet low-temperature air channel (6) to achieve the purpose of preheating primary air temperature; by adjusting the heat exchange process of the heat exchanger (3) and the heat storage process of the heat accumulator (5), the load of the boiler is increased, and the adjustment flexibility of the boiler to the load change of the steam turbine and the efficiency of the boiler are improved;
when the load of the steam turbine is increased and the heat accumulation of the heat accumulator (5) reaches the set heat accumulation amount, the guide vane (331) of the flue gas flow channel regulator (33) is regulated to be in a fully closed state, the boiler flue gas directly flows into the high-temperature superheater (11) for heat exchange, the heat accumulation regulation process is finished, and the boiler enters the normal working condition to operate;
the heat storage regulating process under overload load:
when the temperature of the flue gas entering the inlet of the high-temperature superheater from the outlet of the water-cooled wall is over-high due to over-high boiler load, the guide vanes (331) of the flue gas flow channel regulator (33) are regulated to be in a fully open state, the boiler flue gas firstly flows into the regulating heat exchanger (3) for heat exchange and cooling and then flows into the high-temperature superheater (11) for heat exchange, and the damage of the over-temperature flue gas to the high-temperature superheater is avoided; heat exchange air is blown in by a fan (1), the heat exchange air enters a regulating heat exchanger (3) through a regulating heat exchanger inlet air channel (2) to be heated, then enters a heat accumulator (5) through a regulating heat exchanger outlet air channel (4) to exchange heat, high-grade heat energy is stored in the heat accumulator, and the low-temperature air after heat release enters a primary air channel (8) through a heat accumulator outlet low-temperature air channel (6) to achieve the purpose of preheating primary air temperature;
when the temperature of the overheated flue gas returns to normal, the guide vanes (331) of the flue gas flow channel regulator (33) are regulated to be in a fully closed state, the boiler flue gas directly flows into the high-temperature superheater (11) for heat exchange, the heat storage regulation process is completed, and the boiler enters the normal working condition to operate;
the heat storage and supply steam turbine starts the regulating process:
when the boiler system unit is restarted after being shut down, on the basis that the heat accumulator (5) stores certain high-grade heat energy, the heat accumulation and water supplement inlet valve (20) and the heat accumulation steam outlet valve (22) are opened, and the heat accumulation and heat supply outlet valve (26) is closed; condensed water is pumped out by a main water pump (17), flows through a main water pipe (18) and a heat storage water replenishing branch pipe (19), enters a heat accumulator (5) for heat exchange to generate high-temperature steam, is converged with a heat storage steam main pipeline (21), enters a steam seal steam bypass pipe (24), and finally flows into a steam turbine (13) to serve as steam seal steam for quick starting of the steam turbine;
the heat storage and supply regulation process comprises the following steps:
when the load of the steam extraction and heat supply main road (28) does not meet the heat demand of a heat user (31), on the basis that the heat accumulator (5) stores certain high-grade heat energy, a heat accumulation and water supplement inlet valve (20) and a heat accumulation and heat supply outlet valve (26) are opened, and a heat accumulation and steam outlet valve (22) is closed; the condensed water is pumped out by a main water pump (17), flows through a main water pipe (18) and a heat storage water replenishing branch (19), enters a heat accumulator (5) for heat exchange, generates high-temperature steam, and enters a steam extraction and heat supply main path (28) through a heat storage heat supply branch (25) to meet the heat demand of a heat user (31).
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| CN114151777A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-08 | 北京工业大学 | Fused salt heat storage peak regulation and alternative start boiler system |
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