CN110964550A - Waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method - Google Patents
Waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110964550A CN110964550A CN201911336377.3A CN201911336377A CN110964550A CN 110964550 A CN110964550 A CN 110964550A CN 201911336377 A CN201911336377 A CN 201911336377A CN 110964550 A CN110964550 A CN 110964550A
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- Prior art keywords
- separator
- decoking
- barrel
- cracking
- coke cleaning
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000005235 decoking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002470 thermal conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal cracking methods of high molecular materials, and particularly relates to a waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method, which comprises the steps of putting a polyhedral spherical three-dimensional structure decoking ball and waste plastic into a cracker for catalytic cracking, wherein the decoking ball is fully mixed with the waste plastic under the stirring action of a screw rod, and because the decoking ball is a good thermal conductor, heat is transferred to the decoking ball through the wall surface of the cracker, and then is transferred to the waste plastic through the decoking ball, so that the aim of enhancing heat transfer is achieved, the waste plastic is uniformly heated, the cracking uniformity is improved, and the product quality is improved. After cracking, the coke cleaning balls and cracked ash are discharged together, and the coke cleaning balls are automatically recovered and enter a cracker for reuse.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of thermal cracking methods of high molecular materials, and particularly relates to a waste plastic thermal cracking coke cleaning method for cleaning coke generated in thermal cracking of waste plastics in real time.
Background art:
the thermal cracking of waste plastics is to heat the plastic with impurities removed in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen sealed container to crack the plastic into low molecular compounds, and the high polymer macromolecules in the plastic product are cracked back to a low molecular weight state or a monomer state, so that fuel oil and solid fuel are produced in the process, and the resource, harmless and reduction treatment of the waste plastics is realized.
The waste plastics have complex components, wherein most of the waste plastics are PE, PP, PS, PVC and the like, the cracking products of the PE and the PP are mainly fuel gas and fuel oil, the cracking products of the PS are mainly styrene monomers, and the PVC is easy to form toxic and harmful chlorine-containing compounds in the cracking process, so that on one hand, the environment is polluted, the cracking equipment is corroded, on the other hand, after chlorine-containing organic matters enter liquid or gas products, the reutilization of the liquid or gas products can be hindered, and the difficult problem of PVC treatment in the waste plastics can be effectively solved by adopting the segmented temperature-controlled cracking equipment. PVC is dechlorinated at 200 deg.C, hydrocarbon decomposition reaction occurs at 400 deg.C, PE and PS begin to decompose at about 300 deg.C, and decomposition reaction can be completed at 400 deg.C. Based on the method, the cracking process of the waste plastics is divided into multi-stage continuous cracking according to different temperatures, the PVC can generate primary decomposition reaction in a cracker at 200 ℃, chlorine generated by the reaction is intensively released in the form of HCl and is subjected to harmless treatment, and then the high-quality fuel oil with low chlorine content can be obtained through subsequent cracking at higher temperature.
However, in the thermal cracking process, coking often occurs, coke is deposited on the furnace wall or other parts in the furnace, which seriously affects the heat transfer, increases the system pressure, even blocks the cracker, brings difficulty to the operation and affects the continuous production. Effective control of coking is an important issue in the thermal cracking process of waste plastics. The plastic is a poor heat conductor, so that the temperature distribution on the wall surface near the cracker and the temperature distribution in the cracker are uneven in the thermal cracking process, the cracking speed is uneven, the product quality is influenced, and the generation of coking is aggravated. Therefore, the development and design of a method for cleaning the coke generated in the thermal cracking process of the waste plastics have practical significance.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, develops and designs a waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method, can carry out decoking and automatic recovery in real time, recycles the decoking balls, and solves the coking problem during the thermal cracking of waste plastics.
In order to achieve the purpose, the waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method is realized based on a waste plastic thermal cracking decoking device, and the specific process comprises two steps of cracking and decoking:
cracking: the method comprises the following steps of putting the coke cleaning balls and waste plastics into a cracker for cracking, repeatedly rubbing and scraping the coke cleaning balls with the wall surface of the cracker and a screw rod under the stirring action of the screw rod of the cracker, removing coking and preventing coking, and cracking the waste plastics to form cracking ash;
the shape of the coke cleaning ball is a spherical polyhedron, and the material is a good thermal conductor; the feed rate of the coke cleaning balls is adjusted by the rotational speed of the separator screw and the lifter screw.
(II) coke cleaning: discharging a mixture of the coke cleaning balls and cracked ash from the cracker, enabling the mixture to enter a cylinder of a separator through a material inlet, driving a screw of the separator to rotate by a motor of the separator and driving the mixture to move backwards, and discharging and collecting the cracked ash from an ash outlet through a through hole and a funnel; the coke cleaning balls are gradually cleaned and conveyed into the cylinder of the lifter under the driving of the separator screw rod, the lifter motor drives the lifter screw rod to rotate so as to lift the coke cleaning balls to the rear end of the cylinder of the lifter, and the coke cleaning balls enter the cracker again through the coke cleaning ball outlet for recycling.
The invention relates to a main structure of a waste plastic thermal cracking decoking device, which comprises a separator barrel, a material inlet, a hopper, an ash outlet, a separator screw, a separator motor, a connecting flange, a lifter barrel, a lifter screw, a lifter motor, a decoking ball outlet and a cracker, wherein the material inlet is arranged on the separator barrel; the front end of the separator barrel is provided with a material inlet, the lower part of the separator barrel is connected with the hopper, the top of the hopper is provided with an ash outlet, a separator screw is arranged inside the separator barrel, the rear end of the separator screw, which extends out of the separator barrel, is connected with a separator motor, the rear end of the separator barrel is connected with the front end of the lifter barrel through a connecting flange, a lifter screw is arranged inside the lifter barrel, the rear end of the lifter screw, which extends out of the lifter barrel, is connected with the lifter motor, the rear end of the lifter barrel is provided with a coke cleaning ball outlet, and the cracker is respectively connected with the material inlet and the coke cleaning ball outlet; a part of the separator cylinder, which is connected with the hopper, is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals, and the diameter of each through hole is smaller than that of the coke cleaning ball; the separator screw and the lifter screw are both stainless steel screws; the separator motor and the lifter motor are both speed reducing motors.
The waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method is suitable for thermal cracking of waste rubber or oil sludge.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the coke cleaning balls with the polyhedral spherical three-dimensional structure and the waste plastics are put into the cracker for catalytic cracking, the coke cleaning balls are fully mixed with the waste plastics under the stirring action of the screw, the heat is transferred to the coke cleaning balls through the wall surface of the cracker due to the fact that the coke cleaning balls are good conductors of heat, and then the coke cleaning balls are transferred to the waste plastics, so that the purpose of enhancing heat transfer is achieved, the waste plastics are heated uniformly, the cracking uniformity is improved, and the product quality is improved. After cracking, the coke cleaning balls and cracked ash are discharged together, and the coke cleaning balls are automatically recovered and enter a cracker for reuse.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the principal structure of a thermal cracking and coke cleaning apparatus for waste plastics according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial structural sectional view of a thermal cracking and decoking apparatus for waste plastics according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method related to the embodiment is realized based on a waste plastic thermal cracking decoking device, and the specific process comprises two steps of cracking and decoking:
cracking: the coke cleaning balls and the waste plastics are put into a cracker 12 together for cracking, the coke cleaning balls are repeatedly rubbed and scraped with the wall surface of the cracker 12 and the screw under the stirring action of the screw of the cracker 12, coking is removed and the generation of coking is prevented, and the waste plastics are cracked to form cracked ash;
(II) coke cleaning: the mixture of the coke cleaning balls and the cracked ash is discharged from the cracker 12 and enters the separator barrel 1 through the material inlet 2, the separator motor 6 drives the separator screw 5 to rotate and drive the mixture to move backwards, and the cracked ash is discharged from the ash outlet 4 through the through hole 13 and the funnel 3 and is collected; the coke cleaning balls are gradually cleaned and conveyed into the lifter barrel 8 under the driving of the separator screw 5, the lifter motor 10 drives the lifter screw 9 to rotate so as to lift the coke cleaning balls to the rear end of the lifter barrel 8, and the coke cleaning balls enter the cracker 12 again through the coke cleaning ball outlet 11 for recycling.
The main structure of the waste plastic thermal cracking decoking device related to the embodiment comprises a separator barrel 1, a material inlet 2, a funnel 3, an ash outlet 4, a separator screw 5, a separator motor 6, a connecting flange 7, a lifter barrel 8, a lifter screw 9, a lifter motor 10, a decoking ball outlet 11 and a cracker 12; the front end of separator barrel 1 is provided with material inlet 2, 1 lower part of separator barrel is connected with funnel 3, the top of funnel 3 is provided with ash content export 4, the inside of separator barrel 1 is provided with separator screw rod 5, the rear end that separator screw rod 5 stretches out separator barrel 1 is connected with separator motor 6, the rear end of separator barrel 1 passes through flange 7 and is connected with the front end of riser barrel 8, the inside of riser barrel 8 is provided with riser screw rod 9, the rear end that riser screw rod 9 stretches out riser barrel 8 is connected with riser motor 10, the rear end of riser barrel 8 is provided with coke cleaning ball export 11, cracker 12 is connected with material inlet 2 and coke cleaning ball export 11 respectively.
The part of the separator cylinder 1 connected with the hopper 3 related to the embodiment is provided with a plurality of through holes 13 at equal intervals, and the diameter of each through hole 13 is smaller than that of each coke cleaning ball; the separator screw 5 and the lifter screw 9 are both stainless steel screws; both the separator motor 6 and the lifter motor 10 are reduction motors.
The shape of the coke cleaning ball related to the embodiment is a spherical polyhedron, and the material is a good thermal conductor (metal); the feed rate of the coke balls is adjusted by the rotational speed of the separator screw 5 and the lifter screw 9.
Claims (5)
1. A waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method is characterized by being realized based on a waste plastic thermal cracking decoking device, and the specific process comprises two steps of cracking and decoking:
cracking: the method comprises the following steps of putting the coke cleaning balls and waste plastics into a cracker for cracking, repeatedly rubbing and scraping the coke cleaning balls with the wall surface of the cracker and a screw rod under the stirring action of the screw rod of the cracker, removing coking and preventing coking, and cracking the waste plastics to form cracking ash;
(II) coke cleaning: discharging a mixture of the coke cleaning balls and cracked ash from the cracker, enabling the mixture to enter a cylinder of a separator through a material inlet, driving a screw of the separator to rotate by a motor of the separator and driving the mixture to move backwards, and discharging and collecting the cracked ash from an ash outlet through a through hole and a funnel; the coke cleaning balls are gradually cleaned and conveyed into the cylinder of the lifter under the driving of the separator screw rod, the lifter motor drives the lifter screw rod to rotate so as to lift the coke cleaning balls to the rear end of the cylinder of the lifter, and the coke cleaning balls enter the cracker again through the coke cleaning ball outlet for recycling.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermal cracking and decoking process of waste plastics comprises a separator barrel, a material inlet, a hopper, an ash outlet, a separator screw, a separator motor, a connecting flange, a lifter barrel, a lifter screw, a lifter motor, a decoking ball outlet and a cracker; the front end of separator barrel is provided with material inlet, separator barrel lower part is connected with the funnel, the top of funnel is provided with the ash content export, the inside of separator barrel is provided with the separator screw rod, the rear end that the separator screw rod stretches out the separator barrel is connected with the separator motor, the rear end of separator barrel passes through flange and is connected with the front end of lifting mechanism barrel, the inside of lifting mechanism barrel is provided with the lifting mechanism screw rod, the rear end that the lifting mechanism screw rod stretches out the lifting mechanism barrel is connected with the lifting mechanism motor, the rear end of lifting mechanism barrel is provided with the export of coke cleaning ball, the cracker respectively with material inlet and coke cleaning ball exit linkage.
3. The waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method of claim 2, wherein the part of the separator barrel connected with the hopper is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals, and the diameter of the through holes is smaller than that of the decoking balls; the separator screw and the lifter screw are both stainless steel screws; the separator motor and the lifter motor are both speed reducing motors.
4. A waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method as claimed in claims 1-3, characterized in that the shape of the decoking ball is spherical polyhedron, the material is good thermal conductor; the feed rate of the coke cleaning balls is adjusted by the rotational speed of the separator screw and the lifter screw.
5. A waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method according to claims 1-3, characterized in that it is suitable for thermal cracking of waste rubber or oil sludge.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911336377.3A CN110964550A (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2019-12-23 | Waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911336377.3A CN110964550A (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2019-12-23 | Waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110964550A true CN110964550A (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201911336377.3A Pending CN110964550A (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2019-12-23 | Waste plastic thermal cracking decoking method |
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| CN (1) | CN110964550A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112251251A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-22 | 无锡金球机械有限公司 | Industrial continuous classified cracking system and process for mixed waste plastics |
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2019
- 2019-12-23 CN CN201911336377.3A patent/CN110964550A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112251251A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-22 | 无锡金球机械有限公司 | Industrial continuous classified cracking system and process for mixed waste plastics |
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