CN110963541B - Self-sustaining seawater desalination system and desalination method - Google Patents
Self-sustaining seawater desalination system and desalination method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110963541B CN110963541B CN201911272327.3A CN201911272327A CN110963541B CN 110963541 B CN110963541 B CN 110963541B CN 201911272327 A CN201911272327 A CN 201911272327A CN 110963541 B CN110963541 B CN 110963541B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/141—Wind power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The self-sustaining seawater desalination system comprises a flat plate condenser, an evaporation layer, a lithium battery storage group, a corona electrode and a grounding electrode, wherein the flat plate condenser collects sunlight to improve the energy density of the sunlight, the evaporation layer absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into heat energy to evaporate seawater on the surface of the evaporation layer, the first concentration of a first concentration chamber is higher than the second concentration of a second concentration chamber, the first electrode and the second electrode generate current based on the concentration difference and the temperature difference of the two chambers, the lithium battery storage group is connected with the first electrode and the second electrode to store electric energy, the corona electrode is connected with a transformer, high-voltage point discharge enables saturated steam to be charged and forms an electric field with the grounding electrode to drive the saturated steam to the grounding electrode, and the grounding electrode forms an electric field to attract supersaturated steam to be condensed on.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a self-sustaining seawater desalination system and a desalination method.
Background
Water is one of the most common substances in the world, with a total volume of 14.1 hundred million cubic kilometers, but only 2% of which is fresh water. 87% of fresh water is frozen in the ice layer and glaciers of the mountain and the polar mountain, and is difficult to use. The fresh water resource convenient for human to use is only about 21000 cubic kilometers. These fresh water resources are unevenly distributed in space and time, and in addition, unreasonable utilization of human beings causes a serious water resource crisis in many areas of the world.
China stores water resources in the sixth world, accounting for 6% of the global water resources, but the per-capita fresh water resources are lower than the average water resources in the world, and in order to relieve the crisis of fresh water, research on seawater desalination is carried out in each main country in the world. Sea water desalination, namely, sea water desalination is utilized to produce fresh water. The existing seawater desalination technology comprises two major types, namely a distillation method and a membrane method, wherein the low-multiple-effect distillation method, the multi-stage flash evaporation method and the reverse osmosis membrane method are the global mainstream technology. However, the above techniques have the problems of high energy consumption, high energy consumption for seawater desalination, dispersed structure, large equipment investment, difficult treatment of seawater with high salt content and the like.
The above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a self-sustaining seawater desalination system and desalination method to overcome the above disadvantages of the prior art. The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A self-sustaining seawater desalination system comprises a seawater evaporation module, a concentration power generation module and an ion wind collection module, wherein,
the seawater evaporation module comprises:
a flat plate condenser that condenses sunlight to increase energy density of the sunlight,
an evaporation layer facing the flat-plate condenser, the evaporation layer absorbing the solar energy and converting into heat energy to evaporate seawater on the surface thereof,
an insulating water supply layer configured to insulate the evaporation layer and to draw seawater by capillary force to the evaporation layer,
the concentration power generation module comprises:
a first concentration chamber, in which a solution level sensor or a solution concentration sensor is arranged, and a first electrode, the first concentration chamber is positioned below the heat-insulating water supply layer,
a second concentration chamber connected to the first concentration chamber via a cation-permeable nano-film, the second concentration chamber being provided with a second electrode immersed in seawater, wherein a first concentration of the first concentration chamber is higher than a second concentration of the second concentration chamber, the first electrode and the second electrode generating a current based on a difference in concentration and a difference in temperature of the two chambers,
a lithium battery storage pack connecting the first electrode and the second electrode to store electric energy,
a seawater pool connected to the first concentration chamber via a pump to supply seawater,
the ion wind collection module includes:
a transformer connected to the lithium battery storage pack to increase a voltage,
a blower connected to the lithium battery storage pack for delivering supersaturated water vapor to a ground electrode,
a corona electrode connected to the transformer, the high voltage point discharge charging the saturated water vapor and forming an electric field with the ground electrode to drive the saturated water vapor to the ground electrode,
a grounding electrode, the line of which is grounded, for forming an electric field to attract the supersaturated water vapor to condense thereon,
a collection chamber located below the ground electrode for collecting and storing distilled water.
In the self-maintaining seawater desalination system, the heat insulation water supply layer and the evaporation layer are both floated on the liquid level of the first concentration chamber.
In the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the nano-film comprises an ion channel with the size gradually reduced from a first concentration chamber to a second concentration chamber, the ion channel comprises a tapered hole channel or a trapezoidal hole channel and a circular hole channel communicated with the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel, the end with the large opening of the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel faces the first concentration chamber, the end with the small opening of the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel faces the second concentration chamber, and the circular hole channel is connected with the end with the small opening and is smaller than the end with the small opening.
In the self-maintaining seawater desalination system, the average pore diameter of the circular pore channel is 2-30nm, and the average diameter of the conical pore channel or the trapezoidal pore channel is 2-10 μm.
In the self-maintenance seawater desalination system, the pump is connected with a solution liquid level sensor or a solution concentration sensor, and the pump is started and stopped in response to the measurement data of the solution liquid level sensor or the solution concentration sensor.
In the self-maintaining seawater desalination system, the nano film is one or more layers of porous semiconductor films, the thickness of each layer is not more than 100nm, and the total thickness is not more than 300 nm.
In the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the evaporation layer is made of graphite, carbon nitride or carbon nanotube material and has a thickness of 5-10 mm.
In the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the heat-insulating water supply layer is made of porous hydrophilic materials, the porosity of the heat-insulating water supply layer is 60-80%, the heat-insulating water supply layer is connected with the evaporation layer through a sintering or coating method to be communicated, and the thickness of the heat-insulating water supply layer is 30-50 mm.
In the self-maintaining seawater desalination system, the corona electrode comprises a plurality of tungsten needles which are uniformly arranged, the distance between the tungsten needles is 15-40mm, and the voltage generated by the transformer is 10-30 kV.
In the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the grounding electrode is a stainless steel metal net, the metal net holes are square holes, and the aperture is 1-3 mm.
In the self-maintaining seawater desalination system, the heat-insulating water supply layer isolates the heat convection of the evaporation layer and a seawater layer below the evaporation layer, and the heat-insulating water supply layer absorbs seawater through capillary force and supplies the seawater to the evaporation layer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a desalination method of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system comprises the following steps,
the flat plate condenser collects sunlight, the evaporation layer absorbs the sunlight energy and converts the sunlight energy into heat energy, water is supplied through the capillary force of the heat insulation water supply layer, evaporation is carried out on the surface of the evaporation layer,
the concentration and the temperature in the first concentration cavity communicated with the seawater desalination module rise due to evaporation, cations in the cavity are driven to enter the second concentration cavity through the ion channel in the nano film to generate current and the current is stored in the lithium battery storage pack,
the corona electrode is communicated through the transformer, the tungsten needle tip is driven to discharge to form charged water vapor and an electric field, and the blower is assisted to promote supersaturated water vapor generated by the evaporation layer to penetrate through the grounding electrode, condense and collect on the grounding electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the solar energy absorption evaporator is based on the high-efficiency light absorption material, realizes solar energy absorption, evaporates on the surface of the solar energy absorption evaporator in real time, greatly improves the light energy utilization efficiency, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and no need of external heat energy. And because the salt crystallization formed by the evaporation of the solution blocks the heat-insulating water supply layer, thereby leading the water supply layer to lose efficacy, the concentration of the first concentration chamber is reduced and the crystallization is prevented by arranging the low-concentration second concentration chamber below the salt crystallization and isolating the low-concentration second concentration chamber by a nano film with a cation channel, and meanwhile, the concentration difference and the temperature difference formed between the two concentration chambers are utilized to generate electricity. The electric energy is stored through the lithium battery electricity storage group, the electric energy is supplied to the air blower and the ion wind generating device, the characteristic of high voltage and low power of ion wind is utilized, water vapor is enabled to be electrified in the corona electrode in an ionization mode, an electric field is formed, the electrified water vapor is driven and attracted to be enriched in the grounding electrode, and the vapor collection efficiency is greatly improved compared with the simple intercepting collection. The self-maintaining seawater desalination system has the advantages of compact structure, high energy conversion efficiency, high vapor collection efficiency and the like, has remarkable social benefit and circular economic benefit, can be widely applied to the field of solar seawater desalination, is suitable for small volume and is carried by a single person.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly apparent, and to make the implementation of the content of the description possible for those skilled in the art, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the following description is given by way of example of the specific embodiments of the present invention.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. Also, like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-sustaining seawater desalination system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a desalination method according to one embodiment of the invention.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 2. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various names may be used to refer to a component. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be made by taking specific embodiments as examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the drawings are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
For better understanding, as shown in fig. 1, a self-sustaining seawater desalination system comprises a seawater evaporation module 1, a concentration power generation module 19, and an ion wind collection module 20, wherein,
the seawater evaporation module 1 includes:
a flat plate condenser 8 that condenses the solar light to increase the energy density of the solar light,
an evaporation layer 4 facing the flat concentrator 8, the evaporation layer 4 absorbing the solar energy and converting it into thermal energy to evaporate seawater on its surface,
an insulating water feed layer 5 configured to isolate the evaporation layer 4 from thermal convection with the seawater layer therebelow, the insulating water feed layer 5 drawing seawater by capillary force to the evaporation layer 4,
the concentration power generation module 19 includes:
a first concentration chamber 15, in which a solution level sensor or a solution concentration sensor 6 is arranged, and a first electrode 13, said first concentration chamber 15 being located below the insulated feedwater layer 5,
a second concentration chamber 16 connected to the first concentration chamber 15 via a cation-permeable nano-film 12, the second concentration chamber 16 being provided with a second electrode 14 immersed in seawater, wherein a first concentration of the first concentration chamber 15 is higher than a second concentration of the second concentration chamber 16, the first electrode and the second electrode generating a current based on a difference in concentration and a difference in temperature between the two chambers,
a lithium battery storage pack 18 connecting the first electrode 13 and the second electrode 14 to store electric energy,
a seawater pool 11 connected to the first concentration chamber 15 via a pump 10 to supply seawater,
the ion wind collecting module 20 includes:
a transformer 17 connected to the lithium battery storage pack 18 to increase a voltage,
a blower 2 connected to the lithium battery storage pack 18 for supplying supersaturated water vapor to the ground electrode 7,
a corona electrode 3 connected with the transformer 17, the high-voltage point discharge makes the saturated water vapor charged and forms an electric field with the grounding electrode 7 to drive the saturated water vapor to the grounding electrode 7,
a grounding electrode 7, which is grounded by wires, for forming an electric field to attract the supersaturated water vapor to condense thereon,
a collecting chamber 9, said collecting chamber 9 being located below the earth electrode 7 for collecting and storing distilled water.
In the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the heat-insulating water supply layer 5 and the evaporation layer 4 are both floating on the liquid surface of the first concentration chamber 15.
In the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the nano-film 12 comprises an ion channel with a gradually decreasing size from the first concentration chamber 15 to the second concentration chamber 16, the ion channel comprises a tapered hole channel or a trapezoidal hole channel and a circular hole channel communicated with the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel, the end with a large opening of the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel faces the first concentration chamber 15, the end with a small opening of the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel faces the second concentration chamber 16, and the circular hole channel is connected with the end with a small opening and has a smaller size than the end with a small opening.
In the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the average pore diameter of the circular pore channels is 2-30nm, and the average diameter of the tapered pore channels or the trapezoidal pore channels is 2-10 μm.
In the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the pump is connected to the solution level sensor or the solution concentration sensor 6, and the pump is started or stopped in response to the measurement data of the solution level sensor or the solution concentration sensor 6.
In the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the nano-film 12 is one or more layers of porous semiconductor films, each layer has a thickness of not more than 100nm and a total thickness of not more than 300 nm.
In the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the evaporation layer 4 is made of graphite, carbon nitride or carbon nanotube material and has a thickness of 5-10 mm.
In the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the heat-insulating water supply layer 5 is made of porous hydrophilic material, the porosity of the porous hydrophilic material is 60-80%, the heat-insulating water supply layer 5 is connected with the evaporation layer 4 through a sintering or coating method to be communicated, and the thickness of the heat-insulating water supply layer is 30-50 mm.
In the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the corona electrode 3 comprises a plurality of tungsten needles which are uniformly arranged, the distance between the tungsten needles is 15-40mm,
in the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the grounding electrode 7 is a stainless steel metal net, the metal mesh of the stainless steel metal net is a square hole, the aperture of the metal mesh is 1-3mm, and the voltage generated by the transformer 17 is 10-30 kV.
In the preferred embodiment of the self-sustaining desalination system, the pump 10 is connected to a flow valve for controlling the flow rate.
To further understand the present invention, in one embodiment, a self-sustaining seawater desalination system comprises a seawater evaporation module 1, a concentration power generation module 19, and an ion wind collection module 20, wherein,
the seawater evaporation module comprises:
a flat plate condenser 8 that condenses sunlight to increase the energy density of light,
an evaporation layer 4 which almost completely absorbs solar energy concentrated by the flat condenser and converts it into thermal energy, on the surface of which seawater evaporation is performed,
and an insulating water supply layer 5 which isolates the heat convection of the evaporation layer and the seawater layer therebelow and sucks the seawater to supply to the evaporation layer by capillary force.
The concentration power generation module comprises:
a first concentration chamber 15, in which the solution level, the concentration sensor 6 and the first electrode 13 are arranged, said first concentration chamber 15 being located below the insulated feedwater layer 5,
a second concentration chamber 16 connected to the first concentration chamber 15 via a cation-permeable nano-film 12, the second concentration chamber 16 being provided with a second electrode 14 immersed in seawater, wherein,
the first concentration of the first concentration chamber 15 is higher than the second concentration of the second concentration chamber 16,
a lithium battery storage pack 18 connected to the first electrode 13 and the second electrode 14 for storing electric energy,
a sea water basin 11 connected to the first concentration chamber via a pump 10 controllable by a height, concentration sensor 6 for supplying sea water.
The ion wind collection module includes:
a transformer 17 connected to the lithium battery storage pack to increase a voltage,
a blower 2 connected with the lithium battery storage group and used for conveying supersaturated water vapor to the grounding electrode,
a corona electrode 3 connected with the transformer, the high-voltage point discharge makes the saturated water vapor charged and forms an electric field with the grounding electrode 7, and the saturated water vapor is driven to the grounding electrode
A grounding electrode 7, which is grounded by wires, for forming an electric field to attract the supersaturated water vapor to condense thereon,
a collection chamber 9 located below the earth for collecting and storing distilled water.
In the self-sustaining seawater desalination system, the evaporation layer 4 is made of high-absorptivity carbon materials such as graphite, carbon nitride and carbon nano tubes, the thickness of the evaporation layer is about 5-10mm,
the heat-insulating water supply layer is made of porous hydrophilic materials such as natural wood or carbon foam, the porosity is 60% -80%, the heat-insulating water supply layer and the evaporation layer are connected through a sintering or coating method and are communicated with each other, the thickness is about 30-50mm,
the heat insulation water supply layer 5 and the evaporation layer 4 float above the first concentration chamber 15, are close to the liquid level and change along with the change of the liquid level height,
the nano thin film 12 is one or more layers of porous semiconductor thin films, the thickness of each layer is not more than 100nm, the total thickness is not more than 300nm, the nano thin film 12 comprises a tapered ion channel from a first concentration chamber 15 to a second concentration chamber 16, the ion channel comprises a tapered hole channel or a trapezoidal hole channel and a circular hole channel communicated with the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel, the large opening end of the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel faces the first concentration chamber, the small opening end of the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel faces the second concentration chamber, the circular hole channel is connected with the small opening end and has a size smaller than the small opening end, the average pore diameter of the circular hole channel is 2-30nm, and the average diameter of the tapered hole channel or the trapezoidal hole channel is 2-10 μm.
The corona electrode 3 is composed of a plurality of tungsten needles which are uniformly arranged, the distance between the tungsten needles is 15-40mm,
the grounding electrode 7 is a stainless steel metal net, the metal net holes are square holes, the aperture is 1-3mm,
the working voltage of the ion wind collection module is 10-30 kV.
The flat plate condenser 8 of the invention collects sunlight, the evaporation layer 4 absorbs sunlight energy and converts the sunlight energy into heat energy, water is supplied by capillary force of the heat insulation water supply layer 5, evaporation occurs on the surface of the evaporation layer 4, the concentration and the temperature in the first concentration cavity 15 communicated with the seawater desalination module are increased due to solution evaporation, cations in the cavity are driven to enter the second concentration cavity through an ion channel in the nano film 12, current is generated in an external circuit, and electric energy of the external circuit is stored in the lithium battery electricity storage group 18.
The lithium battery electricity storage group 18 is communicated with the corona electrode 3 through the transformer 17, drives the tip of the tungsten needle to discharge to form charged water vapor and an electric field, is assisted by the air blower 2 to promote supersaturated water vapor generated by the evaporation layer 4 to pass through the grounding electrode 7, is condensed on the stainless steel metal mesh of the grounding electrode 7 and is collected in the collection cavity 9.
Meanwhile, in order to prevent the solution in the first concentration chamber 15 from evaporating to dryness, when the solution in the first chamber drops to a certain height or the concentration is higher than a certain concentration, the pump 10 is started, the solution is supplemented through the seawater pool 11, and when the solution in the first chamber is higher than a certain height or the concentration is lower than a certain concentration, the pump 10 is closed.
The invention can collect and efficiently utilize solar energy, and has the advantages of wide absorption wave band, high absorption efficiency and simple and reliable evaporation system. The concentration difference power generation system adopts a film with a cation channel to isolate two concentration chambers, solves the crystallization problem and simultaneously utilizes concentration difference and temperature difference to generate power to supply required electric energy for the ion wind collection module; the ion wind collecting module has compact structure, high collecting efficiency, less energy consumption and self-maintenance. The invention utilizes solar energy to evaporate seawater, utilizes solar energy with high efficiency in a wide wave band, simultaneously utilizes generated concentration difference and temperature difference to generate electricity, supplies ion wind to collect required electric energy, has remarkable social benefit and circular economic benefit, and can be widely applied to the field of seawater desalination.
As shown in fig. 2, one of the desalination methods of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system comprises the following steps,
the flat condenser 8 collects the sunlight, the evaporation layer 4 absorbs the sunlight energy and converts the sunlight energy into heat energy, water is supplied through the capillary force of the heat insulation water supply layer 5, evaporation is carried out on the surface of the evaporation layer 4,
the concentration and temperature in the first concentration cavity communicated with the seawater desalination module rise due to evaporation, cations in the cavity are driven to enter the second concentration cavity through the ion channel in the nano film 12 to generate current and the current is stored in the lithium battery storage pack 18,
the corona electrode 3 is communicated through the transformer 17, the tungsten needle tip is driven to discharge electricity, charged water vapor and an electric field are formed, and the blower 2 is assisted to promote supersaturated water vapor generated through the evaporation layer 4 to penetrate through the grounding electrode 7, and the supersaturated water vapor is condensed and collected on the grounding electrode 7.
In one embodiment, when the solution in the first chamber drops to a certain height or has a concentration higher than a certain concentration, the pump 10 is turned on to replenish the solution via the seawater pool 11, and when the solution in the first chamber is higher than a certain height or has a concentration lower than a certain concentration, the pump 10 is turned off.
Industrial applicability
The self-sustaining seawater desalination system and the desalination method can be manufactured and used in the field of seawater desalination.
The foregoing describes the general principles of the present application in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the foregoing disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise details disclosed.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit embodiments of the application to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions and sub-combinations thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A self-sustaining seawater desalination system comprising a seawater evaporation module, a concentration power generation module, and an ionic wind collection module, wherein the seawater evaporation module comprises:
a flat plate condenser that condenses sunlight to increase energy density of the sunlight,
an evaporation layer facing the flat-plate condenser, the evaporation layer absorbing the solar energy and converting into heat energy to evaporate seawater on the surface thereof,
an insulating water supply layer configured to insulate the evaporation layer and to draw seawater by capillary force to the evaporation layer,
the concentration power generation module comprises:
a first concentration chamber, in which a solution level sensor or a solution concentration sensor is arranged, and a first electrode, the first concentration chamber is positioned below the heat-insulating water supply layer,
a second concentration chamber connected to the first concentration chamber via a cation-permeable nano-film, the second concentration chamber being provided with a second electrode immersed in seawater, wherein a first concentration of the first concentration chamber is higher than a second concentration of the second concentration chamber, the first electrode and the second electrode generating a current based on a concentration difference and a temperature difference of the two chambers, the nano-film including an ion channel gradually decreasing in size from the first concentration chamber toward the second concentration chamber,
a lithium battery storage pack connecting the first electrode and the second electrode to store electric energy,
a seawater pool connected to the first concentration chamber via a pump to supply seawater,
the ion wind collection module includes:
a transformer connected to the lithium battery storage pack to increase a voltage,
a blower connected to the lithium battery storage pack for delivering supersaturated water vapor to a ground electrode,
a corona electrode connected to the transformer, the high voltage point discharge charging the saturated water vapor and forming an electric field with the ground electrode to drive the saturated water vapor to the ground electrode,
a grounding electrode, the line of which is grounded, for forming an electric field to attract the supersaturated water vapor to condense thereon,
a collection chamber located below the ground electrode for collecting and storing distilled water.
2. The self-sustaining desalination system of claim 1, wherein the insulating feedwater layer and the evaporation layer are both floating on a liquid surface of the first concentration chamber.
3. The self-sustaining desalination system of claim 1, wherein the ion channel comprises a tapered or trapezoidal hole channel and a circular hole channel connected to the tapered or trapezoidal hole channel, wherein the end of the tapered or trapezoidal hole channel with the larger opening is toward the first concentration chamber, the end of the tapered or trapezoidal hole channel with the smaller opening is toward the second concentration chamber, and the circular hole channel is connected to the end with the smaller opening and has a smaller size than the end with the smaller opening.
4. A self-sustaining seawater desalination system as defined in claim 3, wherein the circular pore channels have an average pore size of 2-30nm and the tapered or trapezoidal pore channels have an average diameter of 2-10 μm.
5. The self-sustaining seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the pump is connected to a solution level sensor or a solution concentration sensor, the pump being started and stopped in response to measurement data of the solution level sensor or the solution concentration sensor.
6. The self-sustaining seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the nano-film is one or more layers of porous semiconductor films, each layer having a thickness of no more than 100nm and a total thickness of no more than 300 nm.
7. The self-sustaining seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the evaporation layer is made of graphite, carbon nitride or carbon nanotube material and has a thickness of 5-10 mm.
8. The self-sustaining seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the heat-insulating water supply layer is a porous hydrophilic material with a porosity of 60% -80%, and the heat-insulating water supply layer and the evaporation layer are connected to communicate by sintering or coating method and have a thickness of 30-50 mm.
9. The self-sustaining seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein the corona electrode comprises a plurality of uniformly arranged tungsten needles with a spacing of 15-40mm, and the voltage generated by the transformer is 10-30 kV.
10. A desalination method of the self-sustaining seawater desalination system of any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of,
the flat plate condenser collects sunlight, the evaporation layer absorbs the sunlight energy and converts the sunlight energy into heat energy, water is supplied through the capillary force of the heat insulation water supply layer, evaporation is carried out on the surface of the evaporation layer,
the concentration and the temperature in the first concentration cavity communicated with the seawater desalination module rise due to evaporation, cations in the cavity are driven to enter the second concentration cavity through the ion channel in the nano film to generate current and the current is stored in the lithium battery storage pack,
the corona electrode is communicated through the transformer, the tungsten needle tip is driven to discharge to form charged water vapor and an electric field, and the blower is assisted to promote supersaturated water vapor generated by the evaporation layer to penetrate through the grounding electrode, condense and collect on the grounding electrode.
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