CN110961771A - Plasma welding method of aluminum alloy plate - Google Patents
Plasma welding method of aluminum alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110961771A CN110961771A CN201911402083.6A CN201911402083A CN110961771A CN 110961771 A CN110961771 A CN 110961771A CN 201911402083 A CN201911402083 A CN 201911402083A CN 110961771 A CN110961771 A CN 110961771A
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- aluminum alloy
- plasma
- welding
- alloy plate
- tungsten electrode
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CFQGDIWRTHFZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon helium Chemical group [He].[Ar] CFQGDIWRTHFZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy plate welding, and relates to a plasma welding method of an aluminum alloy plate. In addition, by using a direct current power supply, a very stable plasma arc can be obtained, so that the problems of pits and weld pores can not occur in the weld bead of the finally welded aluminum alloy plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy plate welding, and relates to a plasma welding method of an aluminum alloy plate.
Background
The aluminum alloy has low density, high specific strength and strong corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to welding structures in the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry and the like. However, aluminum alloy has high thermal conductivity, large expansion coefficient and is easy to oxidize, so that the welding joint has the defects of easy generation of pores, cracks and the like. In order to obtain a high-quality aluminum alloy welded joint and improve the welding efficiency, a welding method with higher energy density and lower heat input is needed.
In recent years, conventional steel materials have been gradually replaced with aluminum alloys, and the application ratio of materials for aluminum alloys is increasing. When an aluminum alloy material is exposed to outside air, an oxide film (aluminum oxide) is easily formed on the surface. The oxide film has a high melting point, and although the base aluminum melts during welding, the oxide film may not melt, and thus bead disturbance and blowholes may occur.
In the current welding method of aluminum alloy materials, the plasma welding method is a welding method with lower cost compared to the laser welding method and the friction stir welding, and the application thereof tends to increase. The conventional welding technique uses ac plasma welding, and has the effects of removing an oxide film and ensuring penetration. However, the problem of generation of craters and weld porosity on the surface of the weld bead is not solved. The existence of welding defects seriously affects the performance of welding seams, and further affects the stability of the whole welding structure. And when the traditional protective gas argon is used, the electric arc is generated slowly and the voltage is low, so that the welding speed is reduced, and further the production efficiency is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a plasma welding method for aluminum alloy plates, which aims to solve the problems of the existing plasma welding method that pits and weld pores appear on the surface of a weld bead when the weld bead of the aluminum alloy plate is welded.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a plasma welding method of an aluminum alloy sheet, comprising the steps of:
A. pre-cleaning oil stains on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate to be welded, preventing pores from being generated on the surface of a welding seam of the welded aluminum alloy plate, and butting the pre-treated aluminum alloy plates together;
B. adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode on a welding seam and the welding seam of the aluminum alloy plate, introducing plasma gas between the tungsten electrode and a plasma nozzle surrounding the tungsten electrode, and introducing protective gas between the plasma nozzle and a shielding cover surrounding the plasma nozzle, wherein the plasma gas contains helium;
C. starting a power supply between the tungsten electrode and the aluminum alloy plate to be welded, wherein the heat input value Q of each unit plate thickness is 2500-10000 (J/cm)2) Wherein Q is 60 (EI/Vt), and Q is heat input value (J/cm)2) E is welding voltage (V), I is welding current (A), V is welding speed (cm/min), and t is aluminum alloy plate thickness (cm);
D. and performing plasma arc welding on the welding seam between the aluminum alloy plates by adopting a mode that a direct-current positive electrode acts on the side of the aluminum alloy plate and a negative electrode acts on the side of the tungsten electrode, wherein the plasma gas flow in the welding process is 0.4-5.5L/min.
And further, in the step A, acetone or other organic solvents are used for cleaning oil stains on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate.
And further, in the step B, the pretreated aluminum alloy plate is clamped according to the assembly sequence, and the lap joint gap is not more than 0.15t (t is the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate).
Further, the distance h between the tungsten electrode and the surface of the aluminum alloy plate in the step B is 2.5 mm.
Further, in the step B, the plasma gas is helium-argon mixed gas with helium concentration more than or equal to 80%, and the protective gas is nitrogen.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the plasma welding method of the aluminum alloy plate disclosed by the invention adopts a mode that a direct current positive electrode acts on the side of the aluminum alloy plate, and a negative electrode acts on the side of a tungsten electrode to carry out plasma arc welding on a welding seam between the aluminum alloy plates, so that electrons emitted from a negative electrode (the tungsten electrode) collide with the aluminum alloy material at high speed and generate a large amount of heat, the connection mode is opposite to a mode that the positive electrode acts on the tungsten electrode, and the negative electrode acts on the aluminum alloy plate or a mode that alternating current acts on the tungsten electrode and the aluminum alloy plate respectively, and the generated heat is maximum. In addition, by using a direct current power supply, a very stable plasma arc can be obtained, so that the problems of pits and weld pores can not occur in the weld bead of the finally welded aluminum alloy plate. By appropriately controlling the distance between the aluminum alloy plate material and the tungsten electrode and the amount of heat input per unit aluminum alloy plate thickness during welding, it is possible to suppress welding defects such as blowholes during welding, and to obtain a good welded joint free from defects.
2. In the plasma welding method for the aluminum alloy plate, the plasma gas is the helium-argon mixed gas with the helium concentration being more than 80%, the helium gas is the gas formed by light elements, the electric arc is easy to shrink in the reaction process, the current density is high, and therefore compared with the condition of only using the argon gas, the electric arc is easy to generate, the voltage is very high and is about twice. Therefore, an arc having a very high energy density can be obtained as compared with the case of using a plasma gas composed of only argon gas.
3. According to the plasma welding method of the aluminum alloy plate, disclosed by the invention, the flow of plasma gas in the welding process is 0.4-5.5L/min, and the plasma gas under the intensity can show the effect of further reducing pores. However, if the flow rate of the plasma gas is 5.5L/min or more, the plasma flow becomes too strong, and the molten metal tends to hang down.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a plasma welding apparatus for aluminum alloy sheet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a plasma welding process for aluminum alloy sheet according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: the plasma welding apparatus comprises an aluminum alloy plate 1, a plasma welding machine 10, a tungsten electrode 11, a plasma nozzle 12, a shield cover 13, a main power supply 14 and an arc striking power supply 15.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The plasma welding method of the aluminum alloy plate shown in FIGS. 1 to 2 comprises the following steps:
A. pre-cleaning oil stains on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate 1 to be welded, preventing pores from being generated on the surface of a welding seam of the welded aluminum alloy plate, butting the pre-treated aluminum alloy plate 1 together, cleaning the oil stains on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate 1 by using acetone or other organic solvents, clamping the pre-treated aluminum alloy plate 1 according to an assembly sequence, wherein the lap joint gap is not more than 0.15t (t is the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate);
B. adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode 11 and the welding seam of the aluminum alloy plate 1 on the welding seam, wherein the distance h between the tungsten electrode 11 and the surface of the aluminum alloy plate 1 is 2.5mm, introducing plasma gas between the tungsten electrode 11 and a plasma nozzle 12 surrounding the tungsten electrode, and introducing protective gas between the plasma nozzle 12 and a shielding cover 13 surrounding the plasma nozzle, wherein the plasma gas is 80% helium-argon mixed gas;
C. starting the arc striking power supply 15, the main power supply 14 of the plasma welding machine 10 and the arc striking power supply 15 between the tungsten electrode 11 and the aluminum alloy plate 1 to be welded, wherein the heat input value Q per unit plate thickness is 5000 (J/cm)2) Wherein Q is 60 (EI/Vt), and Q is heat input value (J/cm)2) E is welding voltage (V), I is welding current (A), V is welding speed (cm/min), and t is aluminum alloy plate thickness (cm);
D. and performing plasma arc welding on the welding seam between the aluminum alloy plates by adopting a mode that a direct-current positive electrode acts on the side of the aluminum alloy plate and a negative electrode acts on the side of the tungsten electrode, wherein the plasma gas flow in the welding process is 2L/min.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that the heat input value Q per unit sheet thickness in step C was 7500 (J/cm)2). And D, controlling the flow of the plasma gas to be 3L/min.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the plasma gas in step B is argon.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example 2 is different from the example 1 in that the plasma arc welding is performed on the weld joint between the aluminum alloy sheets in the step D in such a manner that the alternating current positive electrode acts on the aluminum alloy sheet side and the negative electrode acts on the tungsten electrode side, and the plasma gas flow rate during the welding process is 2L/min.
Observation of the weld beads of the aluminum alloy sheets welded in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 revealed that the weld beads of the aluminum alloy sheets in examples 1 and 2 did not cause the problems of craters and weld blowholes, and that good weld joints without defects could be obtained. The comparative examples 1 and 2 have pits and weld blowholes on the surface of the weld bead for welding the aluminum alloy sheet, and the arc generation is slow and low, which causes the welding speed to be reduced and affects the production efficiency.
In the case of bead welding of the aluminum alloy sheets in examples 1 and 2, the energy of the arc was increased to remove the oxide film containing hydroxide on the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet, thereby reducing the hydrogen source. Further, by increasing the heat input Q corresponding to the plate thickness at the time of plasma welding, small hydrogen bubbles float on the surface of the weld metal and are released and move into the atmosphere. Thus, when an aluminum alloy plate is welded by direct current positive plasma welding, blowholes in the weld metal can be effectively reduced. By observing the front and back sides and cross section of the post-weld, no defects were observed.
By adopting the welding process of the aluminum alloy plate, the strength of the welding part can be fully improved, and the overall safety of a weldment is further improved.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A plasma welding method of an aluminum alloy sheet, characterized by comprising the steps of:
A. pre-cleaning oil stains on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate to be welded, preventing pores from being generated on the surface of a welding seam of the welded aluminum alloy plate, and butting the pre-treated aluminum alloy plates together;
B. adjusting the distance between a tungsten electrode on a welding seam and the welding seam of the aluminum alloy plate, introducing plasma gas between the tungsten electrode and a plasma nozzle surrounding the tungsten electrode, and introducing protective gas between the plasma nozzle and a shielding cover surrounding the plasma nozzle, wherein the plasma gas contains helium;
C. starting a power supply between the tungsten electrode and the aluminum alloy plate to be welded, wherein the heat input value Q of each unit plate thickness is 2500-10000 (J/cm)2) Wherein Q is 60 (EI/Vt), and Q is heat input value (J/cm)2) E is welding voltage (V), I is welding current (A), V is welding speed (cm/min), and t is aluminum alloy plate thickness (cm);
D. and performing plasma arc welding on the welding seam between the aluminum alloy plates by adopting a mode that a direct-current positive electrode acts on the side of the aluminum alloy plate and a negative electrode acts on the side of the tungsten electrode, wherein the plasma gas flow in the welding process is 0.4-5.5L/min.
2. Plasma welding method of aluminium alloy sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that step a uses acetone or other organic solvent to clean the surface of aluminium alloy sheet from oil stains.
3. A plasma welding method of aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein step B clamps the pretreated aluminum alloy sheet in the assembling order with an overlapping gap of not more than 0.15t (t is the thickness of the aluminum alloy sheet).
4. The plasma welding method of aluminum alloy sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance h between the tungsten electrode and the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet in the step B is 2.5 mm.
5. The plasma welding method of aluminum alloy sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasma gas in step B is a helium-argon mixed gas having a helium concentration of 80% or more, and the shielding gas is nitrogen.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911402083.6A CN110961771A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Plasma welding method of aluminum alloy plate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911402083.6A CN110961771A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Plasma welding method of aluminum alloy plate |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115029570A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-09 | 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of titanium-niobium alloy ingot |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11320098A (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 1999-11-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for arc-welding aluminum |
| JP2012061481A (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2012-03-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | Plasma welding method of aluminum alloy plate |
| CN203292680U (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-11-20 | 北京工业大学 | Self-adaptive polarity-variable plasma arc welding power source |
| CN103567652A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Aluminum alloy direct current plasma-tungsten electrode argon arc hybrid welding method based on pulse coordination control |
| CN106141396A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | A kind of lower method reducing variable polarity plasma arc welding weld porosity rate of high weldering speed |
| CN109570705A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-05 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | A kind of method of direct current heliarc welding |
-
2019
- 2019-12-30 CN CN201911402083.6A patent/CN110961771A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11320098A (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 1999-11-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for arc-welding aluminum |
| JP2012061481A (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2012-03-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | Plasma welding method of aluminum alloy plate |
| CN203292680U (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-11-20 | 北京工业大学 | Self-adaptive polarity-variable plasma arc welding power source |
| CN103567652A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Aluminum alloy direct current plasma-tungsten electrode argon arc hybrid welding method based on pulse coordination control |
| CN106141396A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | A kind of lower method reducing variable polarity plasma arc welding weld porosity rate of high weldering speed |
| CN109570705A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-05 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | A kind of method of direct current heliarc welding |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115029570A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-09 | 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of titanium-niobium alloy ingot |
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Application publication date: 20200407 |