CN110961733A - Method for cathode electrolytic machining of tungsten tool by using electrolyte film - Google Patents
Method for cathode electrolytic machining of tungsten tool by using electrolyte film Download PDFInfo
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- CN110961733A CN110961733A CN201811150966.8A CN201811150966A CN110961733A CN 110961733 A CN110961733 A CN 110961733A CN 201811150966 A CN201811150966 A CN 201811150966A CN 110961733 A CN110961733 A CN 110961733A
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 63
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for carrying out cathode electrolytic machining on a tungsten tool by using an electrolyte film, which comprises the following steps: step 1, adding carbon tetrachloride into an electrolytic bath, then pouring electrolyte to enable the electrolyte to form an electrolyte film on the carbon tetrachloride, step 2, clamping a tungsten filament on a three-coordinate moving mechanism of an electrolytic machining platform and connecting the tungsten filament with a power supply anode through a wire, connecting two copper bars serving as cathodes with the power supply, adjusting the position of the tungsten filament to enable the tungsten filament to be placed at the middle point of the two copper bars, step 3, setting moving parameters of the machining platform, and starting the three-coordinate moving mechanism to enable the tungsten filament to start reciprocating motion in the vertical direction to machine the cathode of a tungsten tool. The adverse effect of the diffusion layer on the uniformity of the tungsten wire in the conventional manufacturing process is reduced, so that the tool cathode can be produced to have a larger length-diameter ratio and a uniform diameter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro electrolytic machining, in particular to a method for carrying out cathode electrolytic machining on a tungsten tool by using an electrolyte film.
Background
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a machining technique based on the principle of Electrochemical corrosion that uses controlled anodic dissolution to remove workpiece material locally to obtain a desired shape and size. In the electrolytic machining process, the cathode is a machining tool, the anode is a workpiece to be machined, and a tiny machining gap is maintained between the cathode and the anode. The high velocity flow of electrolyte through the machining gap produces a very high machining current density, and the material dissolution of the workpiece anode is determined by the current density distribution according to faraday's law. By adopting different process methods, the current density distribution is controlled, so that the required shape and size are obtained. The electrolytic machining has the advantages of no cutting force and cutting heat influence, high machining efficiency, no residual stress and cutter mark on the machined surface and the like due to a special machining mechanism, and has been successfully applied in the industrial fields of aerospace, automobiles, national defense equipment and the like.
In recent years, with the trend toward weight reduction and size reduction of industrial products, various product members having a fine structure are widely used, and thus, in industrial production, there is an increasing demand for a fine processing method with high precision. Electrochemical machining is a non-contact machining method, in which anode material removal is at an atomic level, and fine removal of tool materials without heat and force influence can be achieved by controlling machining conditions, and thus Electrochemical machining (ECMM) is becoming a potential fine machining method and is widely used in industrial fields such as micromachines, integrated circuits, and semiconductor devices. In contrast to conventional electrochemical machining, the electrochemical machining usually employs hydrostatic machining, because the cathode used for electrochemical machining has low rigidity and cannot withstand the high-speed washing of the electrolyte.
The cathode of the tool is an important tool for carrying out micro-electrochemical machining, but the common cylindrical tungsten tool cathode easily causes over-cutting to the side wall during machining, and the forming precision and the surface quality are reduced. One current solution is to use a disk-shaped electrode, the diameter of the head of which is greater than the diameter of the middle part, so that during electrolytic machining, the current is mainly concentrated at the head, thereby reducing the corrosion of the side wall and remarkably improving the machining precision. However, the aspect ratio of the conventional disc-shaped electrode is small due to the limitation of the manufacturing process, and micropores with large depth cannot be processed. In addition, the commonly used method for processing the tungsten tool cathode is easily influenced by a diffusion layer in the electrolyte, so that the tungsten wire is processed unevenly, and the method is not beneficial to processing the tungsten tool cathode with a large length-diameter ratio.
Therefore, a new machining method is needed to manufacture a tool cathode with a large length-diameter ratio and a special end shape, and the requirement for machining a high-precision deep hole is met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects in the prior art and provide a method for carrying out cathode electrochemical machining on a tungsten tool by using an electrolyte film, which can successfully machine a tungsten tool cathode with a large length-diameter ratio and a reverse conical head.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a method of cathodic electrochemical machining of a tungsten tool using an electrolyte film comprising the steps of:
step 1, adding carbon tetrachloride into an electrolytic bath, and then pouring electrolyte to enable the electrolyte to form an electrolyte film on the carbon tetrachloride (the electrolyte is continuously added or sucked out by using a rubber-tipped dropper, so that the liquid film reaches the required thickness);
and 3, setting the moving parameters of the processing platform, including the initial motion coordinate, the final motion coordinate, the feeding speed in the vertical direction and the cycle number, turning on a power supply of the electrolytic processing platform, and starting the three-coordinate moving mechanism to enable the tungsten filament to start reciprocating motion in the vertical direction so as to process the cathode of the tungsten tool.
In the technical scheme, the distance between the two copper rods is 8-12mm, and preferably 10 mm.
In the above technical solution, the electrolyte in step 1 is 0.3-0.5mol/L of KOH aqueous solution, preferably 0.4 mol/L. The electrolyte adopts 0.4mol/L KOH solution, when preparing the electrolyte, firstly, the required KOH mass is calculated according to the required electrolyte amount, after accurately weighing the KOH, the KOH is dissolved in deionized water to form the electrolyte. Wherein the purity of the selected KOH is AR, and the impurities are not more than 5 percent; the deionized water used has a resistivity greater than 0.5M Ω cm.
In the above technical solution, the thickness of the electrolyte membrane in the step 1 is 800-.
In the above technical solution, the diameter of the tungsten wire in step 2 is 50-300 μm.
In the above technical solution, the voltage of the power supply in step 2 is 9-11V.
In the technical scheme, the feeding speed in the vertical direction in the step 3 is 4-200 μm/s, and the cycle time is 1-300 times.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 2, the distance between the tungsten filament and the upper surface of the carbon tetrachloride is 0-1400 μm at the initial processing position.
In the technical scheme, when the tungsten tool is at the initial processing position, if the end part of the tungsten wire is just contacted with the liquid level of the electrolyte film or is not contacted, the head part of the cathode of the processed tungsten tool is cylindrical;
if the end part of the tungsten filament is positioned in the electrolyte membrane, the cathode of the processed tungsten tool is provided with a reverse conical end part, and the length of the reverse conical end part is in direct proportion to the depth of the tungsten filament immersed in the electrolyte at the initial position;
if the end of the tungsten filament is in contact with carbon tetrachloride or even inserted into carbon tetrachloride, the length of the reverse tapered end is approximately equal to the thickness of the electrolyte membrane.
In the technical scheme, the processing environment temperature of the electrolytic processing is 20-25 ℃.
In another aspect of the invention, the use of the method of electrolytic machining in the cathodic machining of tungsten tools is also included.
In the technical scheme, the end part of the tungsten tool cathode is a reverse conical end part, and the diameter of the middle part of the tungsten tool cathode is 24.3-98.01 mu m.
In the above technical solution, the aspect ratio of the tungsten tool cathode is 190-200.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for carrying out electrolytic machining on a tungsten wire by using an electrolyte film, which reduces the adverse effect of a diffusion layer on the uniformity of the tungsten wire in the conventional manufacturing process, so that the produced tool cathode has a larger length-diameter ratio and a uniform diameter.
2. The tool cathode machined by the invention is provided with the reverse conical head, so that the stray corrosion and the over-cutting to the side wall can be reduced when a deep hole is machined, and the machining precision and the surface quality are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the cathode structure morphology of the tool obtained by machining.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a micro electrochemical machining platform. In the figure: 1-electrolyte, 2-cathode copper bar, 3-carbon tetrachloride, 4-raw material tungsten filament and 5-electrolytic bath.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a micro electrochemical machining platform.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The sources of KOH powder, deionized water are shown in the following table:
| name of medicine | Chemical formula (II) | Purity of | Specification of | Manufacturer of the product |
| Potassium hydroxide | KOH | 95％ | Analytical purity | Tianjin Tianli chemical reagent plant |
| Deionized water | H2O | — | Analytical purity | Tianjin Tianli chemical reagent plant |
Example 1
1. Calculating the mass of the needed KOH and the volume of the deionized water according to the concentration of 0.4mol/L, accurately weighing the needed KOH and the deionized water, and fully dissolving the KOH and the deionized water in a beaker.
2. Adding carbon tetrachloride into the electrolytic bath 5, then pouring the electrolyte 1 until the electrolyte forms a liquid film, and continuously adding or sucking the electrolyte by using a rubber-tipped dropper until the thickness of the liquid film reaches 1000 mu m.
3. The tungsten filament 4 with the diameter of 120 mu m is arranged on the processing platform, and the position of the tungsten filament is adjusted by the processing platform, so that the tungsten filament is positioned between the cathode copper bars 2 in the horizontal direction and passes through the electrolyte in the vertical direction to be just contacted with carbon tetrachloride.
4. The experimental parameters for setting the processing platform include an initial motion coordinate of 0 (mum), a final motion coordinate of-5000 (mum), a motion speed of 200 (mum/s), a cycle number of 150, a processing voltage of 10V, and a processing temperature of 25 ℃.
5. Meanwhile, the displacement mechanism and the processing power supply of the processing platform are started to perform electrolytic processing, the processing is suspended every 30 minutes in the experimental process, the electrolyte is updated, the new electrolyte with 2 times of the volume of the original electrolyte is injected firstly when the electrolyte is replaced, and then the equivalent electrolyte is extracted.
6. The processed tungsten tool cathode was observed by using a S4800 scanning electron microscope (manufacturer: Hitachi, Japan). The diameter of the middle part of the cathode of the machined tool is 56.52 mu m, the surface is smooth and the diameter is uniform.
Example 2
1. Calculating the mass of the needed KOH and the volume of the deionized water according to the concentration of 0.4mol/L, accurately weighing the needed KOH and the deionized water, and fully dissolving the KOH and the deionized water in a beaker.
2. Adding carbon tetrachloride into the electrolytic bath, then pouring the electrolyte until the electrolyte forms a liquid film, and continuously adding or sucking the electrolyte by using a rubber-tipped dropper until the thickness of the liquid film is 1000 mu m.
3. And (3) mounting a tungsten wire with the diameter of 120 mu m on a processing platform, and adjusting the position of the tungsten wire through the processing platform to ensure that the tungsten wire is positioned between the cathode copper columns in the horizontal direction and passes through the electrolyte in the vertical direction to be just contacted with carbon tetrachloride.
4. The experimental parameters for setting the processing platform include a motion initial coordinate of 0 (mum), a motion end coordinate of-5000 hgg (mum), a motion speed of 200 (mum/s), a cycle number of 50, a processing voltage of 10V, and a processing temperature of 25 ℃.
5. Meanwhile, the displacement mechanism and the processing power supply of the processing platform are started to perform electrolytic processing, the processing is suspended every 30 minutes in the experimental process, the electrolyte is updated, the new electrolyte with 2 times of the volume of the original electrolyte is injected firstly when the electrolyte is replaced, and then the equivalent electrolyte is extracted.
6. The processed tungsten tool cathode was observed by using a S4800 scanning electron microscope (manufacturer: Hitachi, Japan). The diameter of the middle part of the cathode of the machined tool is 98.01 mu m, and the surface of the cathode is smooth and uniform in diameter.
Example 3
1. Calculating the mass of the needed KOH and the volume of the deionized water according to the concentration of 0.4mol/L, accurately weighing the needed KOH and the deionized water, and fully dissolving the KOH and the deionized water in a beaker.
2. Adding carbon tetrachloride into the electrolytic bath, then pouring the electrolyte until the electrolyte forms a liquid film, and continuously adding or sucking the electrolyte by using a rubber-tipped dropper until the thickness of the liquid film is 800 mu m.
3. And (3) mounting a tungsten wire with the diameter of 120 mu m on a processing platform, and adjusting the position of the tungsten wire through the processing platform to ensure that the tungsten wire is positioned between the cathode copper columns in the horizontal direction and passes through the electrolyte in the vertical direction to be just contacted with carbon tetrachloride.
4. The experimental parameters for setting the processing platform include an initial motion coordinate of 0 (mum), a final motion coordinate of-5000 (mum), a motion speed of 200 (mum/s), a cycle number of 150, a processing voltage of 10V, and a processing temperature of 25 ℃.
5. Meanwhile, the displacement mechanism and the processing power supply of the processing platform are started to perform electrolytic processing, the processing is suspended every 30 minutes in the experimental process, the electrolyte is updated, the new electrolyte with 2 times of the volume of the original electrolyte is injected firstly when the electrolyte is replaced, and then the equivalent electrolyte is extracted.
6. The processed tungsten tool cathode was observed by using a S4800 scanning electron microscope (manufacturer: Hitachi, Japan). The diameter of the middle part of the cathode of the machined tool is 74.53 mu m, the surface is smooth and the diameter is uniform.
Example 4
1. Calculating the mass of the needed KOH and the volume of the deionized water according to the concentration of 0.4mol/L, accurately weighing the needed KOH and the deionized water, and fully dissolving the KOH and the deionized water in a beaker.
2. Adding carbon tetrachloride into the electrolytic bath, then pouring the electrolyte until the electrolyte forms a liquid film, and continuously adding or sucking the electrolyte by using a rubber-tipped dropper until the thickness of the liquid film reaches 1000 mu m.
3. And (3) mounting a tungsten wire with the diameter of 120 mu m on a processing platform, and adjusting the position of the tungsten wire through the processing platform to ensure that the tungsten wire is positioned between the cathode copper columns in the horizontal direction and passes through the electrolyte in the vertical direction to be just contacted with carbon tetrachloride.
4. The experimental parameters for setting the processing platform include an initial motion coordinate of 0 (mum), a final motion coordinate of-5000 (mum), a motion speed of 200 (mum/s), a cycle number of 280, a processing voltage of 10V, and a processing temperature of 25 ℃.
5. Meanwhile, the displacement mechanism and the processing power supply of the processing platform are started to perform electrolytic processing, the processing is suspended every 30 minutes in the experimental process, the electrolyte is updated, the new electrolyte with 2 times of the volume of the original electrolyte is injected firstly when the electrolyte is replaced, and then the equivalent electrolyte is extracted.
6. The processed tungsten tool cathode was observed by using a S4800 scanning electron microscope (manufacturer: Hitachi, Japan). The average diameter of the middle part of the cathode of the machined tool is 24.3 mu m, the length-diameter ratio is 195.47, and the surface is smooth and the diameter is uniform.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of cathodic electrochemical machining of a tungsten tool using an electrolyte film, comprising the steps of:
step 1, adding carbon tetrachloride into an electrolytic bath, and then pouring electrolyte to enable the electrolyte to form an electrolyte film on the carbon tetrachloride (the electrolyte is continuously added or sucked out by using a rubber-tipped dropper, so that the liquid film reaches the required thickness);
step 2, clamping the tungsten filament on a three-coordinate moving mechanism of an electrolytic machining platform, connecting the tungsten filament with a power supply anode through a lead, connecting two copper rods serving as cathodes with the power supply, inserting the bottom ends of the copper rods into carbon tetrachloride, adjusting the position of the tungsten filament to place the tungsten filament at the middle point of the two copper rods,
and 3, setting the moving parameters of the processing platform, including the initial motion coordinate, the final motion coordinate, the feeding speed in the vertical direction and the cycle number, turning on a power supply of the electrolytic processing platform, and starting the three-coordinate moving mechanism to enable the tungsten filament to start reciprocating motion in the vertical direction so as to process the cathode of the tungsten tool.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte in step 1 is 0.3-0.5mol/L KOH aqueous solution, and the thickness of the electrolyte film in step 1 is 800-1400 μm.
3. The method for the cathodic electrochemical machining of a tungsten tool using an electrolyte membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between two copper rods in step 2 is 8-12mm, and the diameter of the tungsten wire in step 2 is 50-300 μm.
4. The method for the cathodic electrolytic machining of a tungsten tool using an electrolyte membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage of the power source in said step 2 is 9-11V.
5. The method for the cathodic electrolytic machining of a tungsten tool using an electrolyte membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding speed in the vertical direction in step 3 is 4 to 200 μm/s and the number of cycles is 1 to 300.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the head of the cathode of the tungsten tool is formed in a cylindrical shape if the end of the tungsten wire is just in contact with or not in contact with the surface of the electrolyte film in the initial position of the machining;
if the end part of the tungsten filament is positioned in the electrolyte membrane, the cathode of the processed tungsten tool is provided with a reverse conical end part, and the length of the reverse conical end part is in direct proportion to the depth of the tungsten filament immersed in the electrolyte at the initial position;
if the end of the tungsten filament is in contact with carbon tetrachloride or even inserted into carbon tetrachloride, the length of the reverse tapered end is approximately equal to the thickness of the electrolyte membrane.
7. The method for the cathodic electrochemical machining of a tungsten tool using an electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein the machining environment temperature of the electrochemical machining is 20-25 ℃.
8. Use of the method of electrolytic machining according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the cathodic machining of tungsten tools.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the end of the tungsten tool cathode is a reverse tapered end and the diameter of the middle portion of the tungsten tool cathode is 24.3-98.01 μm.
10. The use as claimed in claim 8, wherein the aspect ratio of the tungsten tool cathode is 190-200.
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| CN111629459A (en) * | 2020-05-23 | 2020-09-04 | 东南大学 | Heating wire design method based on tungsten material |
| CN113369610A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-10 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Device and method for adjusting position of metal wire in capillary glass tube |
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